BioSci Lab Quiz 1 To 4

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Quiz 1- Organization of the Body

Positive-feedback mechanisms*
 are few in a normal healthy individual.
 are used to amplify the effect or response of a system.
 sometimes can create a deviation from homeostasis that leads to death.
 cause the deviation from normal to become even more pronounced.
Organization - refers to the specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and
how these parts interact to perform functions
Abdominal cavity - cavities contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and spleen.
Metabolism - characteristics of life means "The ability to use energy to perform vital
functions"
Development - includes the changes an organism undergoes through time beginning with
fertilization and ending at death.
Diaphragm - The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the
Distal - When a person is in anatomical position, the wrist is ________ to the elbow.
Transverse - The guillotine, a medieval instrument for beheading criminals, could be
described as passing along a_________ plane through the neck.
Responsiveness - refers to the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and
make adjustments needed to help maintain its life.
Right upper quadrant - In which quadrant of the abdomen is most of the liver usually located?
Unknown, it has one characteristic (when not including its host cell's components) but does
not have the rest. - According to the six criteria given as the characteristics of life
(organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, and reproduction), is a
virus such as HIV "alive"?According to the six criteria given as the characteristics of life
(organization, metabolism, responsiveness, growth, development, and reproduction), is a
virus such as HIV "alive"?
standing erect, upper limbs at their sides, and palms facing anterior. - Anatomical position
refers to individuals that are
3, 1, 6, 2, 4, 5 - Given these structures: 1) Cell 2) Organ 3) Chemical 4) Organ system 5)
Organism 6) Tissue. Arrange the structures in the correct order from smallest to largest.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?

 The coordinated activity of the organ systems is necessary for normal function.
 Because organ systems are so interrelated, dysfunction in one organ system can have
profound effects on other systems.
 An organism is any living thing considered as a whole whether composed of one cell
such as a bacterium or trillions of cells such as a human.
 Living things are highly organized, and disruption of this organized state can lead to
loss of function and death.
The pericardial cavity - contains the pericardial fluid.

systemic anatomy - The study of the body's organization that considers the heart, blood and all of the
associated blood vessels as a unit is called

a tissue - The statement "a group of cells with similar structure and function plus the
extracellular substances located between them" describes
Homeostasis is the condition produced by the tendency for change in a body variable to be
counteracted as soon as the body variable goes past its normal range of values.  

Increased stretch of the uterus causes it to contract, which further increases stretch - Which
of these is an example of a positive-feedback mechanism?
Growth refers to an increase in size of all or part of an organism. It can result from
 an increase in the number of cells within the organism.
 an increase in the size of individual cells within the organism.
 an increase in the amount of substances surrounding the cells.
This is negative feedback, because increased respiration rate decreases carbon dioxide in the
blood. - Increased carbon dioxide in the blood increases respiration (breathing) rate. Which of
these statements would apply to this mechanism?
Pelvic - In which of these cavities would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs
be found?
She needs to lower her upper limbs to her side with her palms facing anteriorly. -
If a person is standing erect, facing forward and has her hands on her hips, what movements
must she make to assume the anatomical position?
Cell - The basic structural and functional unit of an organism, such as plant or animal, is the
surface anatomy - The study of external features, such as bony projections that serve as
landmarks to locate deeper structures is called
pleural - A cavity containing the lungs, but not the heart is the ________ cavity.
Transverse section - Which of the sections below separates the body into superior and inferior
parts?
The chemical level of organization - Both "involves the interaction between atoms and the
formation of molecules" and "determines the structural and functional characteristics of all
organisms" are correct.
Visceral serous membranes are in contact with internal organs. - Which of these statements
about serous membranes is true?
The blood transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body. - Which statement below
describes a physiological process?
Dorsal, superior, medial, superficial - When you scratch a cat's back along its spine, which of
the following terms would apply to the skin you are scratching?
Parietal pleura - A patient arrives at an emergency room with a traumatic pneumothorax
after a car accident. In the course of the accident, the patient suffered a penetration wound,
which allowed air to fill the space around one of her lungs causing it to collapse. Which serous
membranes were likely damaged assuming that the lung itself was not punctured?
regional anatomy - The study of the body's organization by areas (the approach used in most
medical schools) is called
reduces friction. - The fluid found between serous membrane layers
Longitudinal section - Which of the following is a cut through the long axis of an organ?
Right lower quadrant - In which quadrant of the abdomen would the pain of acute
appendicitis be felt?
Negative feedback is important for maintaining homeostasis in the body. - Which of these
statements is true of negative feedback?
Quiz 2- Cells
Diffusion - In ________, molecules show a net movement from greater to lesser concentration
due to the random motion of the molecules.

Active transport
 can move substances against their concentration gradient.
 requires metabolic energy (ATPs).
 may exchange one substance for another.
 involves carrier molecules.
Mitochondria—site of protein synthesis - Which of the following cell organelles is NOT
correctly matched with its function?
involves the active transport of one substance to establish a concentration gradient, thereby
providing energy for the movement of a second substance. - Secondary active transport
hypertonic; osmosis - When placed in a ________ solution, a cell will exhibit a net loss of
water. The specific process by which the water leaves the cell is called ________.
True - Apoptosis decreases the number of cells within various tissues of the body.
Centrioles - located within the cytoplasm of the cell, facilitate the movement of
chromosomes during cell division.

smooth; rough -  The ________ endoplasmic reticulum manufactures lipids and


carbohydrates, whereas the ________ endoplasmic reticulum assists with the
synthesis of proteins, which it sends to the Golgi apparatus.
Metastasis - What term dealing with cancer means "spreading to a new site"?
the Golgi apparatus - Secretory vesicles pinch off from 
In cotransport - the diffusing substance and the transported substance move in the same
direction.
Endocytosis - involves the formation of a vesicle by invagination of the cell membrane.
Golgi apparatuses - A cell that produces large amounts of lipoproteins (proteins combined
with lipids) for secretion from the cell would have large numbers of

Our body cells perform several important functions, including


 cell metabolism and energy use.
 reproduction and inheritance.
 communication.
 synthesis of molecules.
Centrosomes - All of the following are protein components of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT
Which of the following would occur if no cell membranes in your body were
selectively permeable?
 Action potentials would not be generated.
 Cells would be isotonic to their environment.
 You would be subject to a higher rate of illness and disease.
 Cells would not be able to get and keep enough glucose to function.
Carbon dioxide -  is an example of a molecule that can directly pass through the phospholipids
bilayer of the plasma membrane.

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the cell membrane?


 Cholesterol within the membrane gives it added strength and flexibility.
 Receptor molecules are embedded in the membrane for intercellular communication.
 Carbohydrates bind to protein molecules thereby modifying the proteins function as a
membrane channel.
 Receptor molecules embedded in the membrane are involved in cellular recognition.

Cilia - Moveable projections from the surface of cells found in abundance in the respiratory
tract are
The nucleolus - is the location for production of large and small ribosomal subunits.
Crenation - Cell shrinkage is also called
Muscle cells - Which of these cells would most likely have the largest number of
mitochondria?
there would be a net movement of water from B to A. - If sugar solution A, which is twice as
concentrated as sugar solution B, is separated from solution B by a selectively permeable
membrane,
Microtubules - are components of the cytoskeleton that help to provide support, assist in cell
division, and form cilia.
Pinocytosis -  is a specific type of endocytosis that is responsible for bringing liquids and small
particles into cells through the formation of small vesicles.
Differentiation - The process whereby cells develop with specialized structures and functions
is
Both "extracellular material" and "intercellular material" are correct. - Substances outside the
cell membrane are called
Golgi apparatus—on the cell surface - Which of the following organelles are NOT paired
correctly with their location within the cell?
Both facilitated diffusion and active transport require carrier molecules, but only active
transport requires ATP. - Which of the following statements concerning facilitated diffusion
and active transport is correct?
Endocytosis - The type of membrane transport that involves the ingestion of solid particles by
vesicle formation is
facilitated diffusion - The type of membrane transport that uses carrier molecules to move
substances with the concentration gradient for that substance is
protein molecules that perform important cellular functions float in a lipid bilayer. -
According to the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane,
flagellum - The sperm cell is able to move (is motile) because of its
Phospholipid molecules - are arranged in a double layer in the cell membrane.
Centrioles—part of a chromosome - Which of the following organelles are NOT correctly
paired with their location within the cell?

allow the free passage of some materials and restrict the passage of others. - Cell membranes
are said to be selectively permeable because they

Cellular clocks - Which hypothesis regarding aging suggests that cell lines have a fixed number
of cell divisions before the cell line dies?

Quiz 3- Tissues
transitional epithelium. - Epithelial cells that appear cube-like when an organ is relaxed, and flattened
when the organ is distended by fluid, are classified as

Cardiac muscle cells - are joined to each other by structures called intercalated disks.
Transitional Epithelium - You would normally expect to find in the urinary bladder.
Cutaneous - When you get sunburn after a day at the beach, which of the following
membranes have you damaged
Understanding tissue structure and function

- there is a relationship between the structure of each tissue type and its function.
- there is a relationship between tissue structure and organ function.
- many diseases and pathologies are tissue and cell type specific.
- changes at the tissue level affect the function of organs.

pseudostratified columnar epithelium. - Epithelium that consists of a single layer of cells, in


which some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface and others do not, is classified
as
regeneration - new cells of the same type are created, and normal function is usually
restored.
A single layer of relatively flat, thin cells - characteristics of tissues and cells would aid in
diffusion or the movement of materials into and out of the body through the epithelium?

Synovial membranes*
- produce synovial fluid.

- line the inside of joint cavities.

- make the joint very slippery.

- reduce friction, allowing for smooth movement within the joint.

Endocrine glands - secrete hormones.


tight junctions. - Cell connections that bind adjacent cells together and form permeability
barriers
Gap junctions -  are small channels that allow materials to pass from one epithelial cell to
another.
characteristic of cardiac muscle?
- Intercalated disks present.
- Under involuntary control

- Branching fibers

- Striated

tight junctions. - The blood-brain barrier is a specialized epithelium that prevents many materials from
passing from the blood into the brain. The cell connections most likely present between the cells
forming this barrier are

bone Tissue - A tissue sample is examined and found to have an extensive mineralized
extracellular matrix. The cells are scattered within the matrix. 

the four basic tissue types


- Epithelium
- Muscle
- Nervous
- Connective
major symptoms of inflammation 
- redness and swelling.
- heat.
- pain.
- disturbance of function.

TRUE - Epithelial tissue consists almost entirely of cells, with very little extracellular material between
them, thereby forming a barrier against entry into the body.

TRUE - Epithelial tissue functions in absorption and secretion.

TRUE - Epithelial tissue provides physical protection for organs.

FALSE - Epithelial tissue is vascular.

TRUE - Epithelial tissue controls the permeability into and out of an area or organ.

TRUE - Smooth muscle cells have no striations; skeletal muscle cells have striations.

TRUE - Smooth muscle cells are tapered at each end; skeletal muscle cells are long and cylindrical.

FALSE - Smooth muscle cells are under voluntary control; skeletal muscle cells are under involuntary
control.

TRUE - Smooth muscle forms the walls of hollow organs except the heart; skeletal muscle attaches to
the skeleton.

TRUE - Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus; skeletal muscle cells have many.

Quiz 4- Integumentary System


Cyanosis - is caused by decreased oxygen content of blood.
medulla. - In the figure  below, the letter B best represents the

hair (or hair follicle) - The shaft is a structural component found associated with
Most babies have more adipose tissue in the subcutaneous tissue compared to adults. Which
of the following statements gives a valid explanation for the difference?

- Babies lose body heat more easily than adults, due to their size, and the extra adipose
tissue helps regulate body temperature by providing insulation.

Melanin - is produced by melanocytes.


Sandy has been working very long hours the past three months and has had very little time to
relax.  She works as a medical transcriptionist and spends most of her time at her desk. The
results of her recent annual physical exam indicated that her calcium levels were on the
lower end of the acceptable values.  Her physician suggests that she adjust her diet to include
more calcium-rich foods and to spend some time relaxing outdoors.  Why would her physician
suggest she spend time outdoors to improve her calcium levels?
- Sun exposure enables the production of vitamin D in the body, which is necessary for
calcium absorption at the small intestine.

eponychium - In the figure below, the letter A best represents the

Dermis - In the figure below, the letter F best represents the

epidermis; dermis - The ________ is the layer of the skin made of epithelial tissue, and the
________ is composed of dense connective tissue.
Third-degree burn - Chef Anna suffered a burn on her arm when a kettle of spaghetti sauce
exploded. The doctor, using forceps, pulls on a hair within the area that is burned. The hair
easily pulls out. What degree of burn did the patient have?
it has spread to other areas of the body. - When a cancer is said to have metastasized, it
means that
eccrine sweat glands - The type of glands that open on surface of skin and have a watery
secretion are

subcutaneous tissue
- is also called hypodermis.
- is loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.
- is important for padding and insulation.
- contains about half of the body's stored lipids.

Which statement best contrasts the characteristics of the stratum basale cells with the
stratum corneum cells?

- Stratum corneum cells are dead cells, but stratum basale cells are living cells.

FALSE - Squamous cell carcinoma often arises from a preexisting mole.

FALSE - Malignant melanoma poses little danger of metastasis.

TRUE - Basal cell carcinoma produces an open ulcer.

 FALSE - Squamous cell carcinoma arises from cells within the stratum basale.

TRUE - Protection against abrasion and UV light

TRUE - Excretion of small amounts of waste products

TRUE - Regulation of body temperature by controlling blood flow

TRUE - Detection of heat, cold, pressure, and pain sensations

FALSE - Vitamin A production with exposure to UV light

TRUE - Temperature regulation—Radiation and convection of heat from blood flowing in the dermis.

TRUE - Vitamin D production—Active vitamin D is produced from a precursor molecule.

FALSE - Excretion—Hydrogen ions are moved from the skin into the urine.

FALSE - Sensation—Pain, heat, cold, and pressure receptors in the skin.  

TRUE - Sebaceous glands produce an oily white substance rich in lipids.


FALSE -- Eccrine sweat glands produce a thick secretion rich in organic substances.

FALSE - Sebum is important in cooling the body.

FALSE - Eccrine sweat glands become active at puberty because of the influence of sex hormones.

TRUE - Nails grow continually and do not have a resting stage.

TRUE - The cells of a nail are filled with a special hard type of keratin.

FALSE - The nail consists of layers of living cells from the stratum corneum.

TRUE - The production of cells within the nail matrix results in the growth of the nail.

TRUE - The nail matrix and nail bed have a stratum basale.

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