Chapter 2

Review Related on Literature

According to (Dumlao, 2019), Point of sale with a sales monitoring system for

Eduardo’s Kitchenette. The study's primary goal is to provide a Point-of-Sale system

with Sales Monitoring to Eduardo's kitchenette. Eduardo's Kitchenette calculates

transactions and generates sales reports manually. The manual method is prone to

human errors, which result in payment miscalculation and task repetition. The manual

method cannot handle large transactions while also producing reports for the customer.

To address the issue, the researchers aimed to improve transactions, provide sales

reports, and organize relationship interactions with customers and potential customers

by implementing a Point-of-Sale management system that results in faster and more

reliable transactions. The proposed system includes features for handling large

transactions, generating sales reports, and managing customer interactions. The

researcher's studies were made possible by utilizing the ideas and knowledge of fellow

researchers via related studies and literature. The system development life cycle was

also used by the researchers to identify the phase in the development of the proposed

system. The researchers evaluate the system to determine its functionality,

dependability, efficiency, and user-friendliness.

According to (Rickerby, 2020), Mobile or automated inventory control system.

Businesses must change their approach in their operations, particularly in their

inventory control system, in an era where almost all processes should be automated.

"No matter what your business sells, whether your products are seasonal, perishable, or

customizable, an automated inventory system could be all that stands between your

brand and unlimited growth." He also stated, "With the right automated inventory

system, automation can be used to generate documentation for both international and

domestic orders, an (Coleman, 2000) d support replenishment by generating purchase

orders once stale."

According to (Nitish Jain, 2022) mobile commerce channels (m-commerce), are

the future of online marketplaces. It provides a search function that is different from a

traditional personal computer (PC)-based e-commerce channel. Although the limitations

of the shopping experience (e.g., small screen size, single-tap navigation) can increase

the cost of searching, accessibility increases the time shoppers have to search. Taken

together, these competitive capabilities create a mixed picture of the true impact of mobile

channels on sales concentration, a key criterion for managing retail operations. The

purpose of this study is to understand the net impact of mobile channels on increasing

sales concentration. Academic/Practical relevance: Our study extends the empirical

literature focusing on online retailers` channel strategies and their implications on

operations practice. It examines differences in primary online channels—mobile and PC

difference in inventory management, a core decision for operations managers.

Methodology: They collaborate with a large online apparel retailer to access customer-

level transactional data. They identify the mobile channel`s effect on sales concentration

using a difference in differences strategy that leverages a quasi-experiment stemming

from the retailer`s decision to discontinue its PC sales channel. Results: They find that the

mobile channel increases the share of popular products by 6.4% compared with the PC

channel. It also identifies a scenario where the optimal stockholding would be 4.2-12.9%,

ignoring this significant difference in sales concentration. Implications for Leadership.

Mobile and PC channels have different sales concentrations due to different search

capabilities. Ignoring this difference affects inventory decisions such as security levels

and inventory cycles. As a result, managers must rethink status quo strategies such as

stock buying, assortment planning, and product demonstrations when integrating m-

commerce and e-commerce.

(Santiago Gallino, 2016), they study the effects of the introduction of cross-channel

functionalities on the overall sales dispersion of retailers and the implications of these

effects for inventory management. To do that, they analyze data from a leading U.S.

retailer who introduced a “ship to store” (STS) functionality that allows customers to ship

products to their local store free of charge when those products are not available in their

local store. Based on the fact that stores prioritize carrying products for which local

demand is high, they test the hypothesis that introducing the STS functionality increased

the retailer`s overall sales dispersion. They find that, on average, the contribution of the
90% lowest selling products to total sales increased by 0.75 percentage points,

increasing sales dispersion. Calibrating conventional inventory ordering models, they

show that to respond optimally to the observed increase in dispersion, the retailer would

need to increase its cycle and safety inventories by approximately 2.7%. Our article

demonstrates the impact of an increasingly important retail phenomenon (channel

consolidation) on a key component of inventory management (sales variance).

According to (Mangmang, 2018), this study is an innovation in the POS system

that integrates screen pop-up notifications for delinquent and out-of-stock items. The

developed system satisfied Shallzy Enterprises, which is based in Malitbog Southern

Leyte. Software products are created in Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 using Microsoft SQL

Server 2005 as the database. The ISO / IEC 25010: 2011 standard was used as a model

for evaluating the software created. In this study, we used developmental assessment

design, an approach that supports innovation. We used the questionnaire to evaluate the

performance of existing systems and developed software. The research instrument was

validated by an information technology expert to ensure the validity of the questionnaire.

The target client of the study served as the respondents of the study in order to achieve

the purpose of the software, specifically, the owner and the cashier of the business. The

quality in use model (i.e., effectiveness) and product quality model (i.e. usability,

performance efficiency) were used to assess the quality of the new system. Results

revealed that the management is very satisfied with the performance of the new software.

The developed system is efficient, and effective compared to the existing system. The

results of the survey show that incorporating technological advances can improve overall
business operations. Retailers involved in credit transactions are advised to use the

system to closely monitor delinquency charges.

According to (Nasrabadi & Mirzazadeh, 2016), this study develops an inventory

model for determining ordering strategies to exacerbate shortages under Markov inflation

conditions. Markov processes include processes with random chances or probabilities

that cannot accurately predict future behavior from past behavior (other than current or

current behavior). Business or economic behavior, traffic flow, and epidemic progression,

are all examples of Markov processes. It is logical to think of changes in inflation as a

Markov process, as past inflation has little effect on current inflation. In addition, the cost

of the item is expected to change as a continuous-time Markov process. The inventory

model is described by a differential equation over a time range, along with the present

value method. The purpose is to minimize the expected present value of costs during the

period. Numerical examples and sensitivity analyses are provided to analyze the impact

of changing the values of various parameters on the optimal solution.

According to (Dao, 2019), under the language socialization paradigm, the

research reported here focuses on documenting communication and language

socialization patterns, mediated through a point-of-sale (POS) system, among the migrant

staff working in a Vietnamese restaurant in South Texas, USA. The study employed an

ethnographic approach that drew upon analyses of observation field notes, semi-

structured interviews, naturalistic data, and artifacts. Findings suggest that in channeling

work-related communication within the restaurant, the POS system also acts as (i) a
socializing tool in the working culture, (ii) a site for meaning-making and learning, and (iii)

a crucial link in the joint acts of socialization. The paper concludes by proposing a model

of what transnational sites could do to promote the process of second language

socialization and enculturation; in so doing, it also seeks to contribute to the growing body

of research on language socialization, especially with regard to its intersection with

technologies, as well as provide refreshed perspectives on migrant workers` language

development and acculturation process in similar contexts of migration.

According to (Tremor, et al., 2020), the Gregorio Grill in Munoz Avenue Quezon

City is a booth owned by Mrs. Joselin Kabat and her son, Mrs. Gregorio Kabat. Their

stands serve delicious food, flavorful milk teas, and delicious afternoon snacks. This

booth was set up on September 1, 2019. The purpose of the stand was to provide

delicious food to everyone at an affordable price. Researchers have provided owners with

a "POS system" that allows retailers to calculate the amount a customer will pay, specify

the amount, and provide the customer with payment options. The automated point-of-sale

system also helps Gregorio Grills protect all records and provide customers with

accurately printed receipts. The goal of POS system developers was to improve and

expand the skills and experience of researchers as ICT students by designing systems

that help Gregorio Grills improve the transaction speed of their businesses. The

proponent used the system development life cycle to develop the system. The POS

system runs in seven processes. The first phase was planning. The researchers planned

and decided to develop a POS system. Researchers interviewed customers and

conducted surveys to determine the current state of the stable process of dealing with
customers. Researchers have designed a system that is easy for users to understand.

The next step was the implementation of the proposed system. Researchers have

confirmed that the system works properly and have ensured that the developed POS

system is very beneficial to the customer and emphasizes the ease of trading.

Researchers have developed the following discoveries: (1) The registration form is used

by the company administrator to protect all financial and collected data at the point of

sale. (2) The registration form is for users who want to create an account with POS. (3)

The main form is where all transaction calculations and payment printouts are collected.

Automatic point-of-sale systems are designed to easily calculate purchased items,

generate receipts that customers need, and reduce latency. This system focused only on

order list calculations. Modernization and innovation are key elements of the most

efficient and convenient system.

According to (Chirchir, Nyaoga, Tanui, & Njenga, 2019), the main purpose of this

study was to determine the impact of electronic point-of-sale systems on the operational

efficiency of hotels in Nakul County. Specifically, this study confirmed the effectiveness of

the electronic point-of-sale system & # 40; EPOS & # 41; Nakuru County Hotel Data

Processing, Transaction Tracking, Transaction Security, and Operational Efficiency

Reporting System. A descriptive study design was selected. The survey group consisted

of 36 hotels in Nakul County, with one respondent from each hotel being the operations

manager. The survey was conducted using a census survey of 1-star to 5-star hotels in

Nakul County. Correlation results showed a strong positive and significant relationship

between EPoS data processing speed and operational efficiency for hotels in Nakul
County (r = 0.528; p <0.05). This rejected the null hypothesis and subsequently led to the

view that EPoS data processing speeds help ensure the effective operational efficiency of

hotels in Nacle County. Correlation analysis was also performed to determine the impact

of EPoS transaction tracking speed on the operational efficiency of hotels in Nakul

County. The results showed that there was a significant relationship (r = 0.218, p <0 xss =

distant xss = distant xss = distant xss = distant xss = distant xss = distant> 0.05). This

leads to the conclusion that there is no significant impact on the security and control of

EPoS transactions on the operational efficiency of hotels in Nakul County, as the null

hypothesis is not rejected. Finally, the hypothesis was tested at a significance level of

0.05. The test results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between

the EPoS reporting system and operational efficiency (β = 0.358, ρ = 0.000 <0.05). As a

result, the null hypothesis was rejected, and it was concluded that the EPoS reporting

system had a significant impact on the operational efficiency of hotels in Nakul County.

From the descriptive results, we can conclude that the hotel has improved the storage

and processing of customer data. In addition, the electronic cash register has improved

the storage of room data. From the conclusions, the hotel can draw recommendations

that it needs to improve the storage and processing of customer data. Further research

on electronic point-of-sale operational efficiency systems should be conducted to identify

other factors that may be essential to successful operational efficiency.

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