Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 4.1
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the
following questions:
Q1. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?
2
(a) x2 + 2x + 1 = (4 – x)2 + 3 (b) – 2x2 = (5 – x)  2 x  
 5
3
(c) (k  1)x 2  x    (where k = – 1)
7
2
3 2 3
(d) x – x = (x – 1)
Sol. (d): Main concept used: An equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
where a, b, c are real numbers and a  0, is called a quadratic equation.
(a) x2 + 2x + 1 = (4 – x)2 + 3
 x2 + 2x + 1 = (4)2 + (x)2 – 2(4) (x) + 3
 2x + 1 = 16 – 8x + 3
\ Coefficient of x2 is zero or a = 0. So, it is not a quadratic
equation.
2
(b) – 2x2 = (5  x)  2 x  
 5
2
 –2x2 = 10x –2 – 2x2 + x
5
2
 –2x2 + 2x2 = 10x –2 + x
5
2
 0 = 10 x  2  x
5
As the coefficient of x2 in the above equation is zero or a = 0.
So, it is not a quadratic equation.
3
(c) (k  1)x 2  x  7, where k = –1
2
3
 (  1  1)x 2  x  7
2
So, the coefficient of x2 is zero or a = 0. Hence, the equation is
not quadratic.
(d) x3 – x2 = (x – 1)3
 x3 – x2 = (x)3 – (1)3 – 3 (x)2 (1) + 3(x) (1)2
 x3 – x2 = x3 – 1 – 3x2 + 3x

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 – x2 = –1 – 3x2 + 3x
2
 2x – 3x + 1 = 0
As the coefficient of x2 in the above equation is 3 or a = 3, so it is
a quadratic equation.
Q2. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?
(a) 2(x – 1)2 = 4x2 – 2x + 1 (b) 2x – x2 = x2 + 5
(c) ( 2 x  3 )2  x 2  3 x 2  5 x (d) (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 + 4x3
Sol. (c): Main concept used: An equation will not be a quadratic in which
a = 0 in equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
(a) Given equation is 2(x – 1)2 = 4x2 – 2x + 1
 2[(x) + (1) – 2(x) (1) ] – 4x2 + 2x –1 = 0
2 2

 2x2 + 2 – 4x – 4x2 + 2x – 1 = 0
 – 2x2 – 2x + 1 = 0
 a = – 2 so given equation is quadratic as, it is of the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0 and a  0
(b) The given equation is 2x – x2 = x2 + 5
 2x – x2 – x2 – 5 = 0
 –2x2 + 2x – 5 = 0
 2x2 – 2x + 5 = 0
\ a = 2 so the given so equation is quadratic, as it is of the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0 and a  0.
(c) The given equation is ( 2 x  3)2 + x2 = 3x2 – 5x
 ( 2 x)2  ( 3)2  2( 2 x) ( 3)  x 2  3 x 2  5 x = 0

 2 x 2  3  2 6 x  x 2  3 x 2  5 x = 0
 0  (2 6  5)x  3 = 0
As a = 0 so, the given equation is not quadratic.
(d) Given equation is (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 + 4x3
 (x2)2 + (2x)2 + 2(x2) (2x) – x4 – 3 – 4x3 = 0
 x4 + 4x2 + 4x3 – x4 – 3 – 4x3 = 0
 4x2 – 3 = 0
As a = 2, so the given equation is quadratic.
Q3. Which of the following equations has 2 as a root?
(a) x­2 – 4x + 5 = 0 (b) x2 + 3x – 12 = 0
2
(c) 2x – 7x + 6 = 0 (d) 3x2 – 6x – 2 = 0
Sol. (c): Main concept used: Roots of equation must satisfy the given
equation.
(a) Substituting x = 2 in the equation x2 – 4x + 5 = 0, we get
(2)2 – 4(2) + 5 = 0

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 4 – 8 + 5 = 0
 9 – 8 = 0
 1 = 0, which is false
As x = 2 does not satisfy the given equation so 2 is not the root
of the given equation.
(b) Substituting x = 2 in the equation x2 + 3x – 12 = 0, we get
(2)2 + 3(2) – 12 = 0
 4 + 6 – 12 = 0
 10 – 12 = 0
 – 2 = 0, which is false
As x = 2 does not satisfy the given equation so 2 is not the root
of the given equation.
(c) Substituting x = 2 in the equation 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0, we get
2(2)2 –7(2) + 6 = 0
 8 – 14 + 6 = 0
 14 – 14 = 0
 0 = 0, which is true
As x = 2 satisfies the given equation so 2 is the root of the given
equation.
(d) Substituting x = 2 in the equation 3x2 – 6x – 2 = 0, we get
3(2)2 – 6(2) – 2 = 0
 12 – 12 – 2 = 0
 – 2 = 0, which is false
As x = 2 does not satisfy the given equation so 2 is not the root
of the given equation.
1 5
Q4. If is a root of the equation x2 + kx –  0 , then the value of k is
2 4
1 1
(a) 2 (b) – 2 (c) (d)
4 2
1 1
Sol. (a): As is the root of the given equation so x  must satisfy
2 2
the given equation.
1 5
On substituting x = in the equation x2 + kx – = 0, we get
2 4
2
 1  1 5
   k    = 0
2 2 4
1 k 5
   = 0
4 2 4
 1 + 2k – 5 = 0

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 + 2k = + 4
 k = + 2
Q5. Which of the following equations has the sum of its roots as 3?
(a) 2x2 – 3x + 6 = 0 (b) – x2 + 3x – 3 = 0
3
(c) 2 x 2  x 1 0 (d) 3x2 – 3x + 3 = 0
2
Sol. (b): Main concept used: Sum of roots (a, b) of quadratic equation
b
ax2 + bx + c = 0 is a  b 
a
(a) Given equation is 2x2 – 3x + 6 = 0
3
Here, a + b =  3
2
So, the given equation has not the sum of roots as 3.
(b) Given equation is – x2 + 3x – 3 = 0
3
Here, a + b = 3
1
\ The given equation has sum of its roots as 3.
(c) Given equation is
3
2x2  x  1 = 0
2   3

 2  3 3
Here, a + b =   3
2 2 2 2
So, the given equation has not the sum of roots as 3.
(d) Given equation is 3x2 – 3x + 3 = 0
 (  3)
Here, ab = 1  3
3
So, the given equation has not the sum of roots as 3.
Q6. Value(s) of k for which the quadratic equation 2x2 – kx + k = 0 has
equal roots is
(a) 0 only (b) 4 (c) 8 only (d) 0, 8
Sol.(d): Main concept used: The condition for equal roots of quadratic
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is b2 – 4ac = 0.
Given equation is 2x2 – kx + k = 0
For equal roots, b2 – 4ac = 0
 (– k)2 – 4(2) (k) = 0 (a = 2, b = – k, c = +k)
 k2 – 8k = 0
 k(k – 8) = 0
 k = 0 or k – 8 = 0
 k = 0 or k = 8
So, the values of k are 0 and 8. Hence, the answer is (d).

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q7. Which constant must be added and subtracted to solve the

3
quadratic equation 9 x 2  x  2  0 by the method of completing
the square? 4
1 1 1 9
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 64 4 64
3
Sol. (b): The given equation is 9 x 2  x  2 = 0
4
So, to make the expression a complete square, we have to subtract
2
 1 1 .
  or
8 64
2
 1  1 1
 (3x)2     2(3 x)    2  = 0
 8  8 64
 1 2 1
  3 x   = 2 
8 64
Q8. The quadratic equation 2 x 2  5 x  1  0 has
(a) two distinct real roots (b) two equal real roots
(c) no real roots (d) more than two real roots.
Sol. (c): Main concept used: After calculating D = b2 – 4ac, check the
following conditions:
(i) for no real roots D < 0 (ii) for two equal and real roots D = 0
(iii) for two distinct roots D > 0 and any quadratic equation must have
only two roots.
Given equation is 2 x 2  5 x  1 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac
= (  5)2  4(2) (1) (a = 2, b =  5 , c = 1)
= 5 – 8
 D = – 3
As D < 0 so, the given equation has no real roots.
Q9. Which of the following equations has two distinct real roots?
9
(a) 2 x 2  3 2 x   0 (b) x2 + x – 5 = 0
4
(c) x 2  3 x  2 2  0 (d) 5x2 – 3x + 1 = 0
Sol. (b): Main concept used: For real distinct roots D > 0
9
(a) Given equation is 2 x 2  3 2 x   0
4
2
D = b – 4ac
 9 a  9
= (  3 2)2  4(2) 2, b 3 2, c 
 4  4
= 9  2 – 18

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 D = 0
As D = 0, so the given equation has two real equal roots.
(b) x2 + x – 5 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac
= (1)2 – 4(1) (– 5) (a = 1, b = 1, c = –5)
 D = 1 + 20
 D = 21
As D > 0, so the given equation has two distinct real roots.
(c) x 2  3 x  2 2  0
D = b2 – 4ac
= (3)2 – 4(1) ( 2 2 ) (a = 1, b = 3, c = 2 2 )
 D = 9 – 8 2 = 9 – 8  1.414 = 9 – 11.312
 D = – 2.312
As D < 0, so the given equation has no real roots.
(d) 5x2 – 3x + 1 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac
= (– 3)2 – 4(5) (1) (a = 5, b = –3, c = 1)
= 9 – 20
 D = – 11
As D < 0, so the given equation has no real roots.
Q10. Which of the following equations has no real roots?
(a) x 2  4 x  3 2  0 (b) x 2  4 x  3 2  0
2
(c) x  4 x  3 2  0 (d) 3 x 2  4 3 x  4  0
Sol. (a):
(a) Given equation is x 2  4 x  3 2  0
D = b2 – 4ac
2
= (  4)  4(1)(3 2) (a = 1, b = –4, c = 3 2 )
= 16  12 2 = 16 – 12  1.414
= 16 – 16.968
 D = – 0.968
As D < 0, so the given equation has no real roots.
(b) x 2  4 x  3 2  0
D = b2 – 4ac
= (4)2  4(1) (  3 2) (a = 1, b = 4, c =  3 2 )
 D = 16  12 2
 D > 0
Hence, the given equation has two distinct real roots.
(c) x 2  4 x  3 2  0
D = b2 – 4ac

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 D = (  4)2  4(1) (  3 2) (a = 1, b = – 4, c =  3 2 )

 D = 16  12 2
\ D > 0
So, the given equation has two real distinct roots.
(d) 3 x 2  4 3 x  4
D = b2 – 4ac
= (4 3)2  4(3) (4) (a = 3, b = 4 3 , c = 4 )
= 16  3 – 48 = 48 – 48
 D = 0
So, the given equation has two real and equal roots.
Q11. (x2 + 1)2 – x2 = 0 has
(a) four real roots (b) two real roots
(c) no real roots (d) one real root
Sol. (c): Given equation is (x2 + 1)2 – x2 = 0
 (x2)2 + (1)2 + 2(x2) (1) – x2 = 0
 (x2)2 + 1x2 + 1 = 0
2
Let x = y
 y2 + 1y + 1 = 0
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
= (1)2 – 4(1) (1) = 1 – 4 (a = 1, b = 1, c =1)
 D = – 3
 D < 0
So, the given equation y2 + y + 1 = 0 has no values of y in equation
y2 + 1y + 1 = 0 or if y is not real then x2 will not be real so no values of
x are real or the given equation has no real roots.

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 4.2
Q1. State whether the following quadratic equations have two distinct
real roots. Justify your answer.
(i) x2 – 3x + 4 = 0 (ii) 2x2 + x – 1 = 0
2 9
(iii) 2x – 6x +  0 (iv) 3x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
2
(v) (x + 4)2 – 8x = 0 (vi) ( x  2)2  2( x  1)  0
2 3 1
(vii) 2 x  x 0 (viii) x(1 – x) – 2 = 0
2 2
(ix) (x – 1) (x + 2) + 2 = 0 (x) (x + 1) (x – 2) + x = 0
Sol. Main concept used: Quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 will have
two distinct real roots if D > 0 or b2 – 4ac > 0.
(i) Given quadratic equation is x2 – 3x + 4 = 0
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
= (– 3)2 – 4(1) (4) (a = 1, b = –3, c = 4 )

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Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 D = 9 – 16
 D = – 7 < 0
 D < 0
So, the given equation has no real roots.
(ii) 2x2 + x – 1 = 0
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
= (1)2 – 4(2) (–1) (a = 2, b = 1, c = – 1)
= 1 + 8
 D = 9 > 0
 D > 0
So, the given equation has two distinct real roots.
9
(iii) 2 x 2  6 x   0
2
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
 9  9
 D = (  6)2  4(2) a 2, b   6, c 
 2  2
 D = 36 – 36
 D = 0
So, the given equation has two real and equal roots.
(iv) 3x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
Now, D = b2 – 4ac (a = 3, b = – 4, c = 1)
= (– 4)2 – 4(3) (1) = 16 – 12
 D = 4 > 0
  D > 0
So, the given equation has two distinct real roots.
(v) (x + 4)2 – 8x = 0
 (x)2 + (4)2 + 2(x) (4) – 8x = 0
 x2 + 16 + 8x – 8x = 0
 x2 + 16 = 0
2
 x + 0x + 16 = 0
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
= (0)2 – 4(1) (16)  (a = 1, b = 0, c = 16)
 D = – 64 < 0
As D < 0, so the given equation has no real roots.
(vi) ( x  2)2  2( x  1)  0
 x 2  2 2 x  2  2 x  2 = 0
 x 2  (2 2  2)x = 0
2
Now, D = b – 4ac
= [  (2 2  2)]2  4  1  0
[Q a 1, b  (2 2  2), c 
0]

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

2
= (2 2  2)  0
As D > 0, so the given equation has real and unequal roots.
3 1
(vii) 2 x 2  x  0
2 2
D = b2 – 4ac
2
  3  1  a  2, b  3 , c   1 

 D =   4( 2) 
 2   2   2 2


9 4 98
=  =
2 1 2
1
 D =  0
2
  D > 0
Hence, the given quadratic equation has two real and distinct roots.
(viii) x(1 – x) – 2 = 0

 x – x2 – 2 = 0

 – x2 + x – 2 = 0
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
= (– 12) – 4(– 1) (– 2) (a = –1, b = 1, c = – 2)
= 1 – 8

 D = – 7 < 0
So, the given equation has no real roots.
(ix) (x – 1) (x + 2) + 2 = 0

 x2 + 2x – x – 2 + 2 = 0

 x2 + x = 0
2

 x + x + 0 = 0
Now, D = b2 – 4ac (a = 1, b = 1, c = 0)
= (1)2 – 4(1) (0) = 1

 D = 1 > 0
So, the given equation has two distinct real roots.
(x) (x + 1) (x – 2) + x = 0

 x2 – 2x + x – 2 + = 0

 x2 – 2 = 0
2

 x + 0x – 2 = 0
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
= (0)2 – 4(1) (– 2) (a = 1, b = 0, c = – 2)
 D = 8 > 0
So, the given equation has two distinct real roots.
Q2. Write whether the following statements are true or false.
Justify your answer.
(i) Every quadratic equation has exactly one root.

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(ii) Every quadratic equation has atleast one real root.

(iii) Every quadratic equation has at least two roots.
(iv) Every quadratic equation has atmost two roots.
(v) If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term of a quadratic equation
have opposite signs, then the quadratic equation has real roots.
(vi) If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term have the same
sign and if the coefficient of x term is zero, then the quadratic
equation has no real roots.
Sol. (i) False: Consider a quadratic equation x2 – 4 = 0 which has two
distinct roots – 2 and 2. So, the given statement is false.
(ii) False: Consider a quadratic equation x2 + 1 = 0 which has no
real root. So, the given statement is false.
(iii) False: Consider the quadratic equation x2 – 4x + 4 = 0 which has
only 2 as root. So, the given statement is false.
(iv) True: Consider the quadratic equation x2 – 5x + 6 = 0. Put 2
and 3 in x and the quadratic expression x2 – 5x + 6 becomes
equal to 0. So, 2 and 3 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x2 – 5x + 6 = 0. So, any quadratic equation can have atmost two
roots i.e., one or two roots, but not more than two.
( ) True: In quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, if a and c have
opposite signs, then ac < 0.
Therefore, b2 – 4ac > 0. So, the quadratic equation has real roots.
Hence, the given statement is true.
(vi) True: In quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, if a and c have same
sign and b = 0, then b2 – 4ac = (0)2 – 4ac = – 4ac < 0.
So, the quadratic equation has no real roots.
Hence, the given statement is true.
Q3. A quadratic equation with integral coefficient has integral roots.
Justify your answer.
Sol. No, a quadratic equation with integral coefficients (0, ± 1, ± 2,
± 3…) can have its roots in fraction, i.e., non integral.
For example, 5x2 + 3x – 8 = 0 has integral coefficients (coefficients
5, 3, – 8 are integers).
Now, 5x2 + 3x – 8 = 0
2
 5x + 8x – 5x – 8 = 0
 x(5x + 8) – 1(5x + 8) = 0
 (5x + 8) (x – 1) = 0
 5x + 8 = 0 or (x – 1) = 0
8
Therefore, the roots are given by x =  and x = 1
5
So, the given statement is false.

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q4. Does there exist a quadratic equation, whose coefficients are

rational but both of its roots are irrational? Justify your answer.
Sol. Yes, a quadratic equation having coefficients as rational number,
has irrational roots.
For example, 2x2 – 3x – 15 = 0 has rational coefficients.
D = b2 – 4ac (a = 2, b = –3, c = –15)
= (– 3)2 – 4(2) (– 15) = 9 + 120
 D = 129
 b  b2  4 ac
 Roots are given by x =
2a
 (  3)  129
 x =
22
3  129
 x =
4
The roots are irrational as 129 is irrational.
Q5. Does there exist a quadratic equation whose coefficients are all
distinct irrationals but both the roots are rationals? Why?
Sol. Yes, there may be a quadratic equation whose coefficients are all
distinct irrationals, but both the roots are rational.
For example, consider a quadratic equation having distinct irrational
coefficients
3 5 2
3 x2 
x2 = 0
2 6 3
Now, D = b2 – 4ac
2
 5  3 3  2 2 
=    4  
 6  2   3 
 3 3 5 2 2
a
  ,b  ,c 
 2 6 3 
25 24 25  144
=  =
6 1 6
169 13
 D =    D =
6 6
5 13
 
b  D 6 6
Roots are given by x = 
2a 3 3
2
2

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

1
[  5  13] 2
6 (  5  13) 2
= =
6 3 2 36 3
(  5  13)
 x =
18
8  18
 x = or
18 18
4
 x = or  1
9
Hence, the roots are rational while coefficients a, b, c were irrational.
Q6. Is 0.2 a root of equation x2 – 0.4 = 0? Justify your answer.
Sol. If 0.2 is a root of equation x2 – 0.4 = 0, then 0.2 must satisfy the
given equation.
x2 – 0.4 = 0 [Given]
2
 (0.2) – 0.4 = 0
 0.04 – 0.4 = 0
 –0.36  0
So, 0.2 is not a root of the given equation.
Q7. If b = 0, c < 0, is it true that the roots of x2 + bx + c = 0 are numerically
equal and opposite in sign? Justify your answer.
Sol. Given equation is x2 + bx + c = 0
b = 0 [Given]
 x2 + c = 0
 x2 = – c
 x =  c
As c is negative so – c becomes positive or  c is real.
So, the roots of the given equation are
x =   c

or x =   c and   c [Q (– c) is positive]

Hence, the roots of the given equation are real, equal and opposite in
sign.

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 4.3
Q1. Find the roots of the quadratic equations by using the quadratic
formula in each of the following:
(i) 2x2 – 3x – 5 = 0 (ii) 5x2 + 13x + 8 = 0
2
(iii) – 3x + 5x + 12 = 0 (iv) – x2 + 7x – 10 = 0

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(v) x2 + 2 2x – 6 = 0 (vi) x 2  3 5 x  10  0
1 2
(vii) x  11x  1  0
2
Sol. Main concept used: Roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
are given by
 b  b2  4 ac b  D
 x  or x
2a 2a
(i) Given equation is 2x2 –3x – 5 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac
 D = (– 3)2 – 4(2) (– 5) (a = 2, b = –3, c = –5)
= 9 + 40
 D = 49
 D = 7
 b  b2  4 ac
Now, x =
2a
 (  3)  7 37
 x =    x =
22 4
37 3 7
 x1 = and x2 =
4 4
10 5 4
 x1 =  and x2 =  1
4 2 4
5
 Roots of the given equation are and – 1.
2 2
(ii) 5x + 13x + 8 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac
= (13)2 – 4(5) (8) (a = 5, b = 13, c = 8)
= 169 – 160
 D = 9 = 3
 b  D  (13)  3
Now, x = 
2a 2 5
 13  3  13 – 3
 x1 = and x2 =
10 10
 10  16
 x1 = and x2 =
10 10
8
 x1 = – 1 and x2 =
5
8
So, the roots of the given equation are –1 and .
5

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(iii) – 3x2 + 5x + 12 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac
= (5)2 – 4(–3) (12) (a = – 3, b = 5, c = 12)
= 25 + 144

 D = 169

 D = 13
 b  D  5  13  5  13
Now, x =  
2a 2  (  3) 6
 5  13  5  13
 x1 = and x2 =
6 6
8  18
 x1 = and x2 =
6 6
4
 x1 =  and x2 = + 3
3
4
Hence, the roots of the given equation are  and 3.
3
(iv) – x2 + 7x – 10 = 0
2
D = b – 4ac
= (7)2 – 4(– 1) (– 10) (a = –1, b = 7, c = – 10)
= 49 – 40 = 9

 D = 3
b  D 7  3
Now, x = 
2a 2  (  1)
7  3 7  3

 x1 = and x2 =
2 2
4  10

 x1 = and x2 =
2 2

 x1 = 2 and x2 = 5
Hence, the roots of the given quadratic equation are 2 and 5.
(v) x 2  2 2 x  6  0
D = b2 – 4ac
= (2 2)  4(1) (  6) ( a  1, b  2 2 , c   6)
= 4  2 + 24 = 8 + 24 = 32

 D = 32    D = 4 2
  D 2 2  4 2
Now, x =
2 21

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

2 2  4 2 2 2  4 2

 x1 = and x2 =
2 21
2 2 6 2

 x1 = and x2 =
2 2

 x1 = 2 and x2 =  3 2
Hence, the roots of the given equation are 2 and  3 2 .
(vi) x 2  3 5 x  10 = 0
D = b2 – 4ac
2
 D = (  3 5)  4(1) (10) (a = 1, b =  3 5 , c = 10)
= 9  5 – 40
 D = 45 – 40 = 5
 D = 5
 b  D  (  3 5)  5 3 5  5
Now,  x = 
2a 21 2
3 5 5 3 5 5

 x1 = and x2 =
2 2
 5 2 5

 x1 = and x2 =
2 2

 x1 = 2 5 and x2 = 5
Hence, the roots of the given equation are 2 5 and 5 .
1 2
(vii) x  11x  1  0
2
D = b2 – 4ac
 1  1 
= (  11)2  4 (1) a ,b
 11, c 
1
 2  2 
= + 11 – 2 = 9

 D = 9    D = 3
 b  D  11  3
Now, x =   11  3
2a 1
2
2

 x1 = 11  3 and x2 = 11  3
Hence, the roots of the given equation are 11  3 and 11  3 .
Q2. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by the
factorization method.
5 2 2 3
(i) 2 x 2  x  2 0 (ii) x x  0
3 5 5

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(iii) 3 2 x 2  5 x  2  0 (iv) 3 x 2  5 5 x  10 
0
2 1
(v) 21x  2 x  0
21
5
Sol. (i) 2x2  x  2 = 0
3
 6x2 + 5x – 6 = 0
 6x2 + 9x – 4x – 6 = 0
 3x (2x + 3) – 2(2x + 3) = 0
 (2x + 3) (3x – 2) = 0
 2x + 3 = 0 or 3x – 2 = 0
 2x = – 3 or 3x = 2
3 2
 x = or x =
2 3
3 2
So, the roots of the given quadratic equation are and .
2 3
(ii) 2 x 2  x  3  0
5 5
 2x2 – 5x – 3 = 0
 2x2 – 6x + 1x – 3 = 0
 2x(x – 3) + 1(x – 3) = 0
 (x – 3) (2x + 1) = 0
 x – 3 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0  
1
 x = 3 or 2x = –1 or x =
2
1
So, the roots of the quadratic equation are 3 and .
2
(iii) 3 2 x 2  5 x  2  0
2
 3 2 x  6 x  1x  2 = 0
 3 2 x ( x  2)  1( x  2) = 0


 ( x  2) (3 2 x  1) = 0
 x  2 = 0
or 3 2 x + 1 = 0

 x = 2 or 3 2 x = – 1
1 2
 x = 2 or x =

3 2 2
 2
  x = 2 or x =

6
 2
Hence, the roots of the given equation are 2 and .
6

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Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(iv) 3 x 2  5 5 x  10  0
2

 3 x  6 5 x  5 x  10 = 0
 3 x ( x  2 5)  5 ( x  2 5) = 0


 (3 x  5) ( x  2 5) = 0

 3 x  5 = 0 or x  2 5 = 0

 3x = 5 or x =  2 5
5

 x = or x =  2 5
3
5
Hence, the roots of the given quadratic equation are and
3
2 5 .
1
(v) 21x 2  2 x   0
21
 441x2 – 42x + 1 = 0

 441x2 – 21x – 21x + 1 = 0


 21x(21x – 1) – 1(21x – 1) = 0

 (21x – 1) (21x – 1) = 0

 (21x – 1) = 0 or (21x – 1) = 0

 21x = 1 or 21x = 1
1 1

 x = or x =
21 21
1 1
So, the roots of the given equation are and .
21 21
OR
1
The given equation is 21x 2  2 x   0
21
 441x2 – 42x + 1 = 0

[Multiplying by 21 (LCM of equation) to both sides]
As 441 and 1 are perfect squares so
(21x)2 + (1)2 – 2 (21x) (1) = 0
 (21x – 1)2 = 0
 (21x – 1) (21x – 1) = 0
 21x – 1 = 0 or 21x – 1 = 0
 21x = 1 or 21x = 1
1 1
 x = or x =
21 21
1 1
Hence, the roots of the given equation are and .
21 21

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 4.4
Q1. Find whether the following equations have real roots. If real roots
exist, find them.
(i) 8x2 + 2x – 3 = 0 (ii) – 2x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
1 1 3
(iii) 5x2 – 2x – 10 = 0 (iv)  1, x  , 5

(2 x  3) ( x  5) 2
2
(v) x  5 5 x  70  0
Sol. Main concept used: For real roots of quadratic equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0, b2 – 4ac > 0

(i) The given equation is 8x2 + 2x – 3 = 0
Discriminant (D) = b2 – 4ac

 D = (2)2 – 4(8) (– 3) (a = 8, b = 2, c = – 3)

 D = 4 + 96  D = 100
As D > 0, so, roots are real.
Now, Discriminant D = 10
 b  D  2  10  2  10
So, roots
 are x  
2a 28 16
 2  10  2  10
 x1 = and x2 =
16 16
8  12
 x1 = and x2 =
16 16
1 3
 x1 = and x2 =
2 4
1 3
So, the roots of the given equation are and .
2 2 4
(ii) – 2x + 3x + 2 = 0
Discriminant D = b2 – 4ac
 D = (3)2 – 4(–2) (2) (a = – 2, b = 3, c = 2)
 D = 9 + 16
 D = 25 > 0
So, the given equation has real and distinct roots.
Now, D = 5
b  D 3  5 3  5
And, x =  
2a 2(  2) 4
3  5 3  5
 x1 = and x2 =
4 4
2 8
 x1 = and x2 =
4 4

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

1

 x1 = and x2 = 2
2 1
Hence, the roots of the given equation are 2 and .
2 2
(iii) 5x – 2x – 10 = 0
Discriminant D = b2 – 4ac

 D = (– 2)2 – 4(5) (– 10) (a = 5, b = – 2, c = – 10)
= 4 + 200

 D = 204 > 0
So, the roots of the given equation are real and distinct.
Now, D = 204    D = 2 51
 b  D  2  2 51
And, x = 
2a 25
2[1  51] 1  51
= =
10 5
1  51 1  51
 x1 =   and x2 =
5 5
1  51 1  51
Hence, the roots of the given equation are , .
3 5 5
1 1
(iv)   1 , x  , 5
2x  3 x  5 2
( x  5)  (2 x  3)
 = 1
(2 x  3) ( x  5)
 2x2 – 10x – 3x + 15 = x – 5 + 2x – 3
 2x2 – 13x + 15 = 3x – 8
 2x2 – 13x + 15 – 3x + 8 = 0
 2x2 – 16x + 23 = 0
Now, D = b2– 4ac
= (–16)2 – 4(2) (23) (a = 2, b = –16, c = 23)
 D = 256 – 184 = 72 > 0
 D = 72
 D = 6 2
 b  D  16  6 2 16 6 2
Now, x =   
2a 22 4 4
3 3
 x1 = 4  2  and x2 = 4  2
2 2
Hence, the roots of the given quadratic equation are
 3   3 
 4  2  and  4 
 
2
2 2 

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(v) x 2  5 5 x  70  0
D = b2 – 4ac
= (5 5)2  4(1) (  70) (a = 1, b = 5 5 , c = – 70)
= 25  5 + 280 = 125 + 280

 D = 405 > 0
So, the roots of the given equation are real and distinct.
For roots D = 405    D = 9  9  5

 D = 9 5
 b  D  5 5  9 5 (  5  9) 5
Now, x =
 
2a 21 2
(  5  9) 5 (  5  9) 5
 x1 = and x2 =
2 2
4 5  14 5
= =
2 2
= 2 5 =  7 5
Hence, the roots of the given quadratic equation are
2 5 and  7 5.
Q2. Find a natural number whose square diminished by 84, is equal to
thrice of 8 more than the given number.
Sol. Let the required number be x.
According to the question,
x2 – 84 = 3  (x + 8)
2
 – 84 = 3x + 24
2
 x – 3x – 84 – 24 = 0
 x2 – 3x – 108 = 0
2
 x – 12x + 9x– 108 = 0
 x(x – 12) + 9(x – 12) = 0
 (x – 12) (x + 9) = 0
 x – 12 = 0 or x + 9 = 0
 x = 12 or x = –9
(x = –9 is not a natural number so it is rejected.)
Hence, the required number is 12.
Q3. A natural number, when increased by 12 equals 160 times its
reciprocal. Find the number.
Sol. Let the required number be x. (where x  0)
According to the question,
1
x + 12 =  160
x
 x2 + 12x = 160

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 x2 + 12x – 160 = 0
2
 x + 20x – 8x – 160 = 0
 x(x + 20) – 8(x + 20) = 0
 (x + 20) (x – 8) = 0
 x + 20 = 0 or x – 8 = 0
 x = – 20 or x = 8
But, x = – 20 is not a natural number.
Hence, the required number is 8.
Q4. A train travelling at a uniform speed for 360 km, would have
taken 48 minutes less to travel the same distance if its speed were 5
km/h more. Find the original speed of the train.
Sol. Let the original speed of train = x km/hr
So, the new increased speed of train = (x + 5) km/hr
Time taken by train in covering 360 km with original speed
Distance 360
= = hr
Speed x
360
Time taken by train in covering 360 km with new speed = hr
x5
According to the question,
360 360 48
 = hr
x x5 60
1 1  4
 360    = 5
 x ( x  5) 
x  5  x 4
 360   =
 x ( x  5)  5
90[5] 1
 2
=
x  5x 5
 x2 + 5x = 90  25
2
 x + 5x – 90  25 = 0
2
 x + 50x – 45x – 90  25 = 0
 x(x + 50) – 45[x + 10  5] = 0
 (x + 50) (x – 45) = 0
 x + 50 = 0 or x – 45 = 0
 x = – 50 or x = 45
x = – 50 is rejected as it is negative.
Hence, the original speed of train is 45 km/hr.  
Q5. If Zeba were younger by 5 years than what she really is, then the
square of her age (in years) would have been 11 more than five times
her actual age. What is her age now?

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. Let Zeba’s actual (real) age now = x years

∴ Zeba’s age when she was 5 years younger than now = (x – 5) years
According to the question,
(x – 5)2 = 5x + 11
 (x)2 + (5)2 – 2(x)(5) – 5x – 11 = 0
 x2 + 25 – 10x – 5x – 11 = 0
 x2 – 15x + 14 = 0
2
 x – 14x – 1x + 14 = 0
 x(x – 14) – 1(x – 14) = 0
 (x – 14) (x – 1) = 0
 x – 14 = 0 or x–1=0
 x = 14 or x = 1 year
When 5 is subtracted from 1, we get negative age so x = 1 is rejected.
Hence, the age of Zeba is 14 years.
Q6. At present Asha’s age (in years) is 2 more than the square of her
daughter Nisha’s age. When Nisha grows to her mother’s present age,
Asha’s age would be one year less than 10 times the present age of
Nisha. Find the present ages of both Nisha and Asha.
Sol. Let the present age of Asha = x years
and the present age of her daughter Nisha = y years
At present, Asha’s age, x = (y2) + 2 (I)
Age of Nisha will be equal to age of her mother (x) after
= Age of Mother – Age of Daughter
= x – y
= y2 + 2 – y = y2 – y + 2
 Age of (Nisha) daughter after (y2 – y + 2) years
= y2 – y + 2 + y = (y2 + 2) years
Age of Asha (mother) after (y­2 – y + 2) years
= x + y2 – y + 2
= y2 + 2 + y2 – y + 2 [From I ]
= 2y2 – y + 4 years
After (y2 – y – 2) years, age of Asha = 2y2 – y + 4 = 10y – 1
 2y2 – y – 10y + 5 = 0
 2y2 – 11y + 5 = 0
2
 2y – 10y – 1y + 5 = 0
 2y(y – 5) –1(y – 5) = 0
 (y –5) (2y – 1) = 0
 y – 5 = 0 or 2y – 1 = 0
1
 y = 5 or y = years
2

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

From I, we have
x = y2 + 2
Putting y = 5, we have
x = (5)2 + 2 = 25 + 2 = 27
1
Putting y = , we have
2
1 2 1
x =    2 = 2 years
 2 4
1
Mother’s age can never be 2 years , so it is rejected.
4
Hence, the ages of Asha and Nisha are 27 years and 5 years respectively.
Q7. In the centre of a rectangular lawn of dimensions 50 m  40 m,
a rectangular pond has to be constructed, so that the area of grass
surrounding the pond would be 1184 m2 (see figure). Find the length
and breadth of the pond.
50 m

Grass

Grass Pond Grass 40 m

Grass

Sol. Pond and lawn both are rectangular. Pond is inside the lawn.
x

x Pond x
40– 2 x 40 m
50 – 2x
x

50 m
Let the length of pond = (50 – 2x) m
and the breadth of pond = (40 – 2x) m
But, Area of grass around the pond = 1184 m2
 Area of Lawn – Area of Pond = 1184
 50  40 – (50 – 2x) (40 – 2x) = 1184
 2000 – (2000 – 100x – 80x + 4x2) – 1184 = 0
 2000 – (2000 – 180x + 4x2) – 1184 = 0

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 Chapter 4 - Quadratic Equations NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 2000 – 2000 + 180x – 4x2 – 1184 = 0

 4x2 – 180x + 1184 = 0
 x2 – 45x + 296 = 0
2
 x – 37x – 8x + 296 = 0
 x(x – 37) – 8(x – 37) = 0
 (x – 37) (x – 8) = 0
 x – 37 = 0 or x – 8 = 0
 x = 37 or x = 8
When x = 37, then When x = 8, then
the length of pond = 50 –2  37 the length of pond = 50 – 2x
= 50 – 74 = 50 – 2  8
= – 24 m = 50 – 16
Length cannot be negative. So, = 34 m
x = 37 is rejected. and the breadth of the pond
= 40 – 2x
= 40 – 2  8
= 40 – 16
= 24 m
Hence, the length and breadth of the pond are 34 m and 24 m
respectively.
Q8. At t minutes past 2 p.m., the time needed by minute hand of a
t2
clock to show 3 p.m. was found to be 3 min. less than min. Find t.
4
Sol. Total time taken by min hand from 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. is 60 min.
After t min past 2 p.m. the time needed by min. hand of a clock to
t2
show 3 p.m. is given by 3 min less than min.
4
2
t 
 t    3 = 60
4 
 4t + t2 – 12 = 240
 t2 + 4t – 252 = 0
2
 t + 18t – 14t – 252 = 0
 t(t + 18) – 14 (t + 18) = 0
 (t + 18) (t – 14) = 0
 t + 18 = 0 or t – 14 = 0
 t = –18 or t = 14 min.
Being, negative value, t = – 18 is rejected.
Hence, t = 14 min.

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