Accident Detection Using Accelerometer Sensor

1
M.Archana, 2J.Jackhulin Jennifer,3V.Sophia Grace,4R .Naveen kumar,
1,2,3
Students, 4Assistant Professor
1,2,3,4
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
1,2,3,4
Rathinam Technical Campus, Coimbatore,

Abstract— In the present day, society, we have seen how bad accidents can be and how much negative effect it can have on a
person’s life. An accident is an unpredicted and unintentional. The lack of treatment in proper time is the major reason for half of
the deaths in road accident. Despite all the measures and precautions, is still the rate of accidents increases day by day leading to
deaths or fatal injuries. Being from metropolitan cities and most of us have witnessed such harsh tragedies and we can understand
how every minute matters and slightest delay in the delivering medical attention could cost us a life in the accident be it for
anyone. It is not necessary that the accident would always take place in the middle of a town or in a human infested dense area
and wait till some passer-by would spot and decide to inform can’t be the solution. Therefore, we present an automotive
localization system using *GPS* and *GSM* and *CC3200* with the help of which an alert message would be generated from
the twilio cloud to the police and hospital, Whenever a car accident occurs, ensuring quick and effective medical attention,
thriving to save as many lives as possible.It is applicable to everyone in the society, be it from the children to the elderly people
whoever may be in the car. It boosts the confidence of the driver as well. It evens helps to maintain the decorum of the entire
traffic as a whole.

Keywords: accidents, Automotive localization system, GPS and GSM and CC3200

I. INTRODUCTION

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an arrangement of interrelated computing gadgets, mechanical and digital machines, objects,
animals or individuals that are given one kind of an identifiers and the capacity to exchange information over a system without
requiring human-to-human or human-to-PC communication. IoT is a new concept that has evolved from the convergence of
wireless technologies. Wireless communication is the transfer of information or signal between two or more points that are not
connected by an electrical conductor. In IoT devices equipped with Wi-Fi allow the machine-to-machine communication.1978.
In the early years, the technology was not yet operational, due to an insufficient number of satellites orbiting the earth. On Jan.
17, 1994, after years of gradual growth, the final of the first 24 satellites was launched, and the GPS system was considered fully
operational. Early GPS was designed primarily only for military but in 1996, President Bill Clinton determined that the system
would be an asset to civilians as well as the military. This policy change made GPS technology available to the average
individual, including fleet managers, who could see the benefit of using the technology to keep tabs on their vehicles. In the early
days of fleet tracking, in order to properly track a fleet, each vehicle had to be enabled with a costly GPS.

II. EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system only use the information about the distance between the two vehicles provided by the ultrasonic system and
does not need to explicitly knows the speed.There are many systems for remote monitoring and control designed as commercial
products or experimental research platforms.Wi-Fi based accident detecting system mainly consist three modules, the server, the
hardware interface module, and the software package. Wi-Fi technology is used by server, and hardware Interface module to
communicate with each other. The same technology uses to login to the server web based application. The server is connected to
the internet, so remote users can access server web based application through the internet using compatible web browser. The
cc3200 software, built using C language, using IDE comes with the microcontroller itself. . The advent of technology has also
increased the traffic hazards and the road accident take place frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of
the poor emergency facilities. This drawback can be overcome by proposed methodology.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

At the time of accident, the process to intimate and locating the place of the victim is a bit difficult task that is to be discovered.
The credentials of the victim are unknown which is tedious during crucial moments for the people at the accidental spot. The
main motive of the project is to design an IOT detection and reporting system. The unique feature of the system is to locate the
victim and report the accident with the relevant information to ambulances and his concerned people to provide a quick medical
aid to the victim . Our project work on the principle of detection and tracking of accident. The system is on and initialization. If
vehicle is normal, no information sends to rescue team. Whenever accident occurred, the vehicle changes it’s direction randomly
and vibrates with high frequency .The accelerometer sensor detects the happening with vehicle. The controller get the input from
sensor and send the accident alert information to rescue team and family member and location of the accident place through
WIFI and GPS .It can facilitate connectivity to the nearest hospital and provide medical assistance through IOT technology.
Benefits

Sophisticated security
Monitors all hazards and threats
Less time consumption

IV. HARDWARE EXPLANATION

Fig 1.Block diagram

A Hardware Features:

a. CC3200, SimpleLink Wi-Fi, Internet-on-a-chip solution with integrated MCU

b. 40-pin LaunchPad standard that leverages the BoosterPack ecosystem
c. FTDI-based JTAG emulation with serial port for flash programming
d. Supports both 4-wire JTAG and 2-wire SWD
e. Two buttons and three LEDs for user interaction
f. Virtual COM port UART through USB on PC
g. On-board chip antenna with U.FL for conducted testing
h. On-board accelerometer and temperature sensor for out-of-box demo, with option to isolate
them from the inter-integrated circuit (I2C) bus
i. Micro USB connector for power and debug connections
j. Headers for current measurement and external JTAG connection
k. Bus-powered device with no external power required for Wi-Fi
l. Long-range transmission with highly optimized antenna (200 m typical in open air with a
6-dBi antenna AP)
m. Can be powered externally, with 2xAA or 2xAAA alkaline batteries working
down to 2.3 V typical.
B. Connecting a BoosterPack Plug-in Module:

A compatible BoosterPack module can be stacked on top of the revent the misalignment of the pins or
reverse connection. Ensure that VCC and 5V pins are aligned with the BoosterPack module header pins. This same
marking, provided on compatible BoosterPack modules, must be aligned before powering up the boards.Jumpers,
Switches, and LEDs
 C. JTAG Headers:

The headers are provided on the board to isolate the CC3200 device from the mounted FTDI JTAG emulator.
These jumpers are shorted by default when the board is shipped from TI. To connect an external emulator, remove these
jumpers and place the external emulator on the pins closer to the CC3200 device. When a battery is used, disconnect all
the JTAG headers to prevent any reverse leakage current.

D. Global system for mobile communication (GSM)

General :

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular
networks used by mobile devices . The GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized
for full duplex voice telephony. This expanded over time to include data communications, first by circuit-switched
transport, then by packet data transport via General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM
Evolution (EDGE).Subsequently, the 3GPP developed third-generation (3G) UMTS standards, followed by fourth-
generation (4G) LTE Advanced standards, which do not form part of the ETSI GSM standard.

Types of GSM size:

There are five different cell sizes in a GSM network:

Macro
Micro
Pico
Femto
umbrella cells.
speech channels per radio frequency. These eight radio timeslots are grouped into a TDMA frame. Half-rate channels use
alternate frames in the same timeslot. The channel data rate for all 8 channels is 270.833 kbit/s, and the frame duration is
4.615 ms.The transmission power in the handset is limited to a maximum of 2 watts in GSM 850/900 and 1 watt in GSM
1800/1900.

E. Global Positioning system(GPS) :

General :

The GPS does not require the user to transmit any data, and it operates independently of any
telephonic or internet reception, though these technologies can enhance the usefulness of the GPS positioning
information.The GPS concept is based on time and the known position of GPS specialized satellites.
The satellites carry very stable atomic clocks that are synchronized with one another and with the ground
clocks. Any drift from time maintained on the ground is corrected daily. In the same manner, the satellite
locations are known with great precision. GPS receivers have clocks as well, but they are less stable and less
precis.
Application:

GPS is considered a dual-use technology, meaning it has significant civilian

applications as well.GPS has become a widely deployed and useful tool for commerce, scientific uses,
tracking, and surveillance. GPS's accurate time facilitates everyday activities such as banking, mobile
phone operations, and even the control of power grids by allowing well synchronized hand-off switching.

V. SOFTWARE AND EXPLANATION

a. Energia

Energia is a reliable application that provides you with multiple tools, which can help you compile your code
efficientlyEnergia - You can access an extensive list of examples organized in multiple categories via the File menu
 Energia - It is possible to cut, copy or paste code fragments, undo or redo actions and increase or decrease
indentation.

i. Energia is a powerful, electronics prototyping dedicated platform, designed to help you

insert and manage the Wiring, plus Arduino framework in MSP430 Launchpad.

ii. The program can also be used with other editions, including MSP432, Stellaris, CC3200
C2000 and TivaC LaunchPads.

iii. Energia is a specialized, cross-platform development environment which offers support for
compiling and processing code.

iv. You need to connect it to the LaunchPad hardware to ensure data transfer, to upload
programs, provide input and retrieve results.

v. The tool is based on the Wiring network and it is designed to help you implement various
patterns into LaunchPads.
vi. A LaunchPad is a microcontroller board, with different specifics, depending on the
manufacturer.
vii. Energia brings you the tools for developing interactive objects, importing elements from
switches or sensors, as well as controlling multiple lights, motors and other physical
output.

viii. Energia features a text editor that you can easily use to type or modify the source code,
thanks to its integrated syntax highlighting function.

b. The tool also includes a console, in which the results of the processes are displayed, a message area and a
convenient toolbar.

i. The program offers several text editing tools, such as cut, copy, paste, find or replace.
Advanced editing functions include copy the text and convert it for posting on forums, or
copy the lines as HTML code.

ii. You can add or remove comments, modify the indent or undo several actions.

iii. You can easily insert your script and save it as a local file, called sketch. Energia allows
you to copy the HEX file as a path, or import sketch libraries, before compiling the script.

iv. Moreover, you can select the type of board you wish to connect to, from the extensive list
of supported devices.
c. Tiwilo cloud:

Twilio host telephony infrastructure and provide connectivity between HTTP and the public
switched telephone network* (PSTN) through its APIs .Twilio supports the development of open source software and
regularly makes contributions to the open source community. In June 2010 Twilio launched openVBX, an open source
product that lets business users configure phone numbers to receive and route phone calls.Stash board has been released ,an
Open source status dashboard written in the *Python Programming language* that any API or software service can use to
display whether their service is functioning properly.Twilio also sponsors local tunnel,which enables software developers
to expose their local development environment to the public. Twilio used to send voice, SMS,MMS,SIP trunking .
Program

Pin map
Pin
number
loop
digital write ( LED – BUTTON – HIGH ); delay (
holding the controller );
digital write ( LED – BUTTON – LOW ); delay
(1000 );
digital write
 pulldown - only in digital
pullup - only in digital serial
begin (9600); URAT
communication Pinmode
(2,input); Pinmode (13,
output);

VI. CONCLUSION

The proposed methodology has been implemented in hardware using the CC3200 MCU. The major causes may be the late
arrival of ambulance or no person at the place of accident to give information to the ambulance or family members. The
proposed work offers a solution to this problem by introducing accident detection and reporting system aiming to save at least
half the lives that are lost due to accidents. In case of an accident, their physical location would be sent along with the accident
SOS message from the twilio cloud, thereby helping the concerned authorities to locate them and take the necessary actions with
effectiveness.By installing the system in the car, the drivers can feel secure while driving. The early detection and reporting will
account to the responsibility of saving many lives.

REFERENCES

[1] The proposed methodology has been implemented in hardware using the CC3200 MCU. The major causes may be the late
arrival of ambulance or no person at the place of accident to give information to the ambulance or family members. The
proposed work offers a solution to this problem by introducing accident detection and reporting system aiming to save at
least half the lives that are lost due to accidents. In case of an accident, their physical location would be sent along with the
accident SOS message from the twilio cloud, thereby helping the concerned authorities to locate them and take the
necessary actions with effectiveness.By installing the system in the car, the drivers can feel secure while driving. The early
detection and reporting will account to the responsibility of saving many lives.

[2] Md Syedul Amin, Jubayer Jalil, M.B.I Reaz, “Accident detection and reporting system using GPS, GPRS and GSM
technology”,InternationalConference of Informatics, Electronics and Vision- 2012[3]R.K. Megalingam, R.N. Nair, S.M.
Prakhya, “Wireless Vehicular Accident Detection and Reporting System” International Conference of Mechanical and
Electrical Technology (ICMET), 2010, pp-636-640[4]William M. Evanco,” The impact of Rapid Incident Detection on
Freeway Accident Fatalities” -MS-IVHS

[3] Hamid M. Ali, Zairab S. Alwan, “Car Accident Detection and Notification System using Smartphone” International
Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing (IJCSMC) Vol-4, Issue-4, 2015[6]Zenon Chaczko, Frank Jiang,
Benazir Ahmed, “Road Vehicle Alert System using IoT” 25th International Conference on System Engineering, 2017.

[4] Khaleefa Al Hammadi, Mohammed Ismael, Tarig Faisal, “Intelligent car safety system.”2016 IEEE Industrial Electronics
and Applications Conference (IEACon), Malaysia, 2016

[5] James Hayes, “Calling all cars” Engineering and Technology, Vol- 9 No-3, 2014, pp- 58-61

[6] Hang-Bong Kang,“Various Approaches for Driver and Driving Behavior Monitoring: A Review” 2013 IEEE International
Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, 2013, pp- 616-623