Digital Signal Processing

With
MATLAB / Simulink
RYAN D. REAS
What is Signal Processing
Focuses on analyzing, modifying, and synthesizing signals such as sound, images, and
scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques can be used to improve
transmission, storage efficiency and subjective quality and to also emphasize or detect
components of interest in a measured signal
Why Signal Processing in Matlab
Provides functions and apps to analyze,
preprocess, and extract features from
uniformly and nonuniformly sampled
signals. The toolbox includes tools for filter
design and analysis, resampling,
smoothing, detrending, and power
spectrum estimation. The toolbox also
provides functionality for extracting
features like changepoints and envelopes,
finding peaks and signal patterns,
quantifying signal similarities, and
performing measurements such as SNR
and distortion. You can also perform modal
and order analysis of vibration signals.
Digital Signal Processing
Is the use of digital processing, such as by computers or more specialized digital signal
processors, to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations. The digital signals
processed in this manner are a sequence of numbers that represent samples of a continuous
variable in a domain such as time, space, or frequency. In digital electronics, a digital signal is
represented as a pulse train, which is typically generated by the switching of a transistor.
Digital Signal Processing
Is the use of digital processing, such as by computers or more specialized digital signal
processors, to perform a wide variety of signal processing operations. The digital signals
processed in this manner are a sequence of numbers that represent samples of a continuous
variable in a domain such as time, space, or frequency. In digital electronics, a digital signal is
represented as a pulse train, which is typically generated by the switching of a transistor.
Analog to Digital Converter
Is a system that converts an analog signal, such as a sound picked up by a microphone or light
entering a digital camera, into a digital signal. An ADC may also provide an isolated
measurement such as an electronic device that converts an analog input voltage or current to a
digital number representing the magnitude of the voltage or current. Typically the digital output
is a two's complement binary number that is proportional to the input, but there are other
possibilities.
A Simple Simulink Model of ADC
ADC Simulink Simulation Results
Visualization of Aliasing in ADC using Simulink
Elementary Signals in Simulink
Other Signal Source in Simulink
Discrete Time System
In m any applications of digital signal processing we wish to design a device or an algorithm
that performs some prescribed operation on a discrete-time signal. Such a device o r algorithm
is called a discrete-time system . More specifically, a discrete-time system is a device or
algorithm that operates on a discrete-time signal, called the input or excitation, according to
some well-defined rule, to produce an other discrete-time signal called the output or response
of the system .

y(n) = 0.5y(n-1) + 0.5x(n) + 0.5x(n-1)

Fundamental Components of a Discrete Time System
• ADDITION

• CONSTANT MULTIPLIER

• SIGNAL MULTIPLIER

• UNIT DELAY
Adder
Performs the addition o f two signal sequences to form another (the sum )
Adder
Constant Multiplier
Simply represents applying a scale facto r on th e input x(n). Note that this operation is also
memoryless.
Constant Multiplier
Signal Multiplier
Performs the multiplication of two signal sequences to form another (the product) sequence,
 Signal Multiplier
Simple Amplitude Modulation Simulink Model
UNIT DELAY
The unit delay is a special system that simply delays the signal passing through it by one
sample.
UNIT DELAY
UNIT DELAY
Development of Discrete Time Systems in Simulink

1 n
y (n) = 
n + 1 k =0
x (k )
n −1
( n + 1) y ( n ) =  x ( k ) + x ( n )
k =0

( n + 1) y ( n ) = ny ( n − 1) + x ( n )
n 1
y (n) = y ( n − 1) + x (n)
n +1 n +1
y ( n ) = x ( n ) + ay ( n − 1)
y ( 0 ) = x ( 0 ) + ay ( −1)
y (1) = x (1) + ay ( 0 ) = x (1) + ax ( 0 ) + a 2 y ( −1)
Development of and FIR & IIR Filter in Simulink
FIR Filter
In signal processing, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a filter whose impulse response (or
response to any finite length input) is of finite duration, because it settles to zero in finite time

IIR Filter
is a recursive filter in that the output from the filter is computed by using the current
and previous inputs and previous outputs. Because the filter uses previous values of
the output, there is feedback of the output in the filter structure.
Development of and FIR & IIR Filter in Simulink
Direct Form I Structure
- A discrete time system structure that uses separate delays (memory) for both the input and
output signal samples

Direct Form II Structure

- A discrete time system structure that use at least one delay (memory) for both the input and
output signal samples
Other Forms of Realizing FIR & IIR Filter in Simulink
Simulink

DSP System tool box

Discrete Time Systems Realization and Validation In Matlab
tf(NUM,DEN,TS) creates a discrete-time transfer function with sample time TS (set TS=-1 if
the sample time is undetermined).
Discrete Time Systems Realization and Validation In Matlab
tf(NUM,DEN,TS) creates a discrete-time transfer function with sample time TS (set TS=-1 if
the sample time is undetermined).
Discrete Time Systems Realization and Validation In Matlab
tf(NUM,DEN,TS) creates a discrete-time transfer function with sample time TS (set TS=-1 if
the sample time is undetermined).
Discrete Time Systems Realization and Validation In Matlab
Step Response of a discrete time system
Discrete Time Systems Realization and Validation In Matlab
Impulse Response of a discrete time system
Discrete Time Systems Realization and Validation In Matlab
Pole-Zero Plot
Discrete Time Systems Realization and Validation In Matlab
Bode Plot
Discrete Time Systems Validation In Simulink
Discrete Time Systems Validation In Simulink
Discrete Time Systems Validation In Simulink
Discrete Time Systems Validation In Simulink
Linear Systems In Simulink
Linear Systems In Simulink
Non-Linear Systems In Simulink
Non-Linear Systems In Simulink
Stable Systems In Simulink
Stable Systems In Simulink
The filterBuilder function provides a graphical interface to the fdesign object-oriented filter design paradigm and is intended to reduce development time during the filter design process. filterBuilder uses a specification-centered approach to fi

Filter Design using Matlab Filter Builder and Filter Designer

Matlab Filter Builder

The filterBuilder function provides a graphical interface to the fdesign object-oriented filter
design paradigm and is intended to reduce development time during the filter design process.
filterBuilder uses a specification-centered approach to find the best algorithm for the desired
response.

Select the type of filter

The filterBuilder function provides a graphical interface to the fdesign object-oriented filter design paradigm and is intended to reduce development time during the filter design process. filterBuilder uses a specification-centered approach to fi

Filter Design using Matlab Filter Builder and Filter Designer

Configure the type of filter

` Visualization of Filter’s Response

Filter structure
& Order

Frequency Specification

Respective magnitudes @ specific frequency

Filter Algorithm
 Filter Design using Matlab Filter Builder and Filter Designer

`
The filterBuilder function provides a graphical interface to the fdesign object-oriented filter design paradigm and is intended to reduce development time during the filter design process. filterBuilder uses a specification-centered approach to fi

Filter Design using Matlab Filter Builder and Filter Designer

Code generation for Matlab & HDL

Generates HDL Code

Generates Matlab Code

Generates Simulink Model

The filterBuilder function provides a graphical interface to the fdesign object-oriented filter design paradigm and is intended to reduce development time during the filter design process. filterBuilder uses a specification-centered approach to fi

Filter Design using Matlab Filter Builder and Filter Designer

Matlab Filter Designer

Specify filter order

Select Filter Type

& Structure

Set frequency Set frequency

parameters gains
The filterBuilder function provides a graphical interface to the fdesign object-oriented filter design paradigm and is intended to reduce development time during the filter design process. filterBuilder uses a specification-centered approach to fi

Filter Design using Matlab Filter Builder and Filter Designer

Matlab Filter Designer

Create a Multitrate Filter

Filter’s Quantization Parameters

Filter’s Realization
Pole Zero Editor
Import Filter Parameters
The filterBuilder function provides a graphical interface to the fdesign object-oriented filter design paradigm and is intended to reduce development time during the filter design process. filterBuilder uses a specification-centered approach to fi

Filter Design using Matlab Filter Builder and Filter Designer

Matlab Filter Designer

Impulse & Step Response & Pole-Zero Plot

Magnitude & Phase

Response
Adaptive Filters
Is a system with a linear filter that has a transfer function controlled by variable parameters and a means to
adjust those parameters according to an optimization algorithm. Because of the complexity of the
optimization algorithms, almost all adaptive filters are digital filters. Adaptive filters are required for some
applications because some parameters of the desired processing operation (for instance, the locations of
reflective surfaces in a reverberant space) are not known in advance or are changing.
FIR & IIR Adaptive Filters

FIR Adaptive Filters IIR Adaptive Filters

Applications of Adaptive Filters
• Noise cancellation

• Signal prediction

• Acoustic feedback cancellation

• Echo cancellation

• ECG enhancement

• Adaptive Control
Adaptive Filters Implementation In Simulink
FIR Filter

LMS Adaptive Algorithm

Adaptive Filters Implementation In Simulink
Example Application of Adaptive Filters
Example Application of Adaptive Filters : System Identification
Example Application of Adaptive Filters : ANC
Exercise / Practice Problem
1. Modify the simulation model of an AM modulator full carrier (AMFC ) in order to produce a single side
band suppressed carrier (SSBSC).

2. Using the system identification model, verify if the approximated model is a good match to the unknown
subsystem.

3. Using the ANC simulation model, determine how the number of filter weights and adaptation rate affects
the quality of the audio signal and speed in eliminating noise signal.

4. Using audio system toolbox identify the quantifiable characteristics of a howling effect