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ARDUINO BASED SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM

SHRADDHA SINGH1 SNEHAL MORE2 ADESH TARMALE3 ROHAN WALIMBE4
5
PROF.DEEPIKA PATIl
1-5
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication
K.C. College of Engineering & Management Studies & Research, Kopri, Thane (E)-400 603, India.

Many problems occur for the car parking system in big theatres, Malls, Auditorium areas,
Sensational tourist places of car traffic and need some advanced solution for that. Smart car parking
system obtains information about available parking spaces it saves the time and efforts and also fuel wastage
it could help bring order out of the chaos that exist at present in the car parking issue

I. INTRODUCTION

A car parking system is a mechanical device that multiplies parking capacity inside a parking lot. Parking
systems are generally powered by electric motors or hydraulic pumps that move vehicles into a storage
position. Car parking systems may be traditional or automated. Automatic multi-storey automated car park
systems are less expensive per parking slot, since they tend to require less building volume and less ground
area than a conventional facility with the same capacity. In the long term, automated car parking systems are
likely to be more cost effective than traditional parking garages. Car parking systems reduce exhaust gas cars
need not drive around in search of street parking spaces.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Finding a suitable parking space has become a significant concern for people residing in
metropolitan cities.. The traditional parking methods cannot be used today as they are ineffective at
utilizing space; hence it is vital to find alternative parking systems. The cost of land has grown
exponentially in cities, so it becomes essential that the parking solution requires the least possible
space and can accommodate the maximum amount of vehicles. The biggest issue with owning a car
in a metropolitan city in India is finding a suitable parking space due to a lack of parking space. The
number of cars in India is more than 40 million, which corporations and personal individuals own.

III. DESIGN SYSTEM

III.1. BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Figure 1. Smart Car Parking System

Initial stage of the project began from the literature review along with the assembly of the components
followed by block diagram, studying its circuit, etc. Ardiuno is programmed through Ardiuno IDE
software. When a car arrives, the IR sensors sends signal to Ardiuno and it decodes the signal and then
the servo motor opens the gate for the car to pass. The second IR sensor is used to indicate the cars
which are going outside and the value of the spots is incremented by Ardiuno. When the parking is full,
the servomotor will not be used unless the second IR sensor sends the signal to Ardiuno i.e. until a car
passes and goes outside. Ardiuno has ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) which encodes and decodes
the signal received by IR sensors.

IV. COMPONENTS LIST AND SPECIFICATION.

IV.1. ARDUINO UNO

Figure 2. Arduino Uno Board

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and
developed by Arduino. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be
interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits.[1] The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable
of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), via a type B USB cable.[4] It can be powered by the USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery, though
it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo.[5][6] The hardware reference
design is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino
website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.

IV.2. LCD DISPLAY

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Figure 3. LCD Display

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical
device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers. Liquid
crystals do not emit light directly,[1] instead using a backlight or reflector to produce images in color
or monochrome. LCDs are available to display arbitrary images (as in a general-purpose computer
display) or fixed images with low information content, which can be displayed or hidden. For instance:
preset words, digits, and seven-segment displays, as in a digital clock, are all good examples of devices
with these displays. They use the same basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made from a
matrix of small pixels, while other displays have larger elements. LCDs can either be normally on
(positive) or off (negative), depending on the polarizer arrangement. For example, a character positive
LCD with a backlight will have black lettering on a background that is the color of the backlight, and a
character negative LCD will have a black background with the letters being of the same color as the
backlight. Optical filters are added to white on blue LCDs to give them their characteristic appearance.

IV.3. I2C MODULE

Figure 4. I2C Module

I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit, eye-squared-C), alternatively known as I2C or IIC, is a synchronous,
multi-controller/multi-target (controller/target), packet switched, single-ended, serial
communication bus invented in 1982 by Philips Semiconductors. It is widely used for attaching lower-
speed peripheral ICs to processors and microcontrollers in short-distance, intra-board communication.
Several competitors, such as Siemens, NEC, Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics, Motorola, Nordic
Semiconductor and Intersil, have introduced compatible I2C products to the market since the mid-
1990s. System Management Bus (SMBus), defined by Intel in 1995, is a subset of I2C, defining a
stricter usage. One purpose of SMBus is to promote robustness and interoperability. Accordingly,
modern I2C systems incorporate some policies and rules from SMBus, sometimes supporting both I2C
and SMBus, requiring only minimal reconfiguration either by commanding or output pin use.
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IV.4. SERVO MOTOR

A servomotor is designed to move to a given angular position. A typical servo motor has three
connections. Two of them are the positive and 0V supply lines. The third connection carries the control
signal pulses from the control circuit (the Arduino in this case).Servo motors may be classified,
according to the torque it can withstand, as mini, standard and giant servos. Usually mini and standard
size servo motors can be controlled by Arduino directly with no need to external driver. The rotor of
the motor has limited ability to turn. Generally it can turn 60-90° on either side of its central position.
The control signal is a series of pulses transmitted at intervals of about 18 ms, or 50 pulses per second.

The angle (of mechanical rotation) is determined by the width of an electrical pulse that is applied to
the control wire. This is a form of pulse-width modulation, however servo position is not defined by
the PWM duty cycle (i.e., ON vs. OFF time) but only by the width of the pulse. The width of the
pulse will determine how far the motor turns. For example, a 1.5 ms pulse will make the motor turn
to the 90 degree position (neutral position)as shown in Figure 5 ms turn as far as possible to the left.
A2 ms turn as far as possible to the right. Intermediate pulse lengths give intermediate positions; this
is very useful for controlling robot arms.

Figure 5. PWM Duty Cycle

IV.5. IR SENSOR
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Figure 6. IR Sensor
An infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from
objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors. PIR sensors are
commonly used in security alarms and automatic lighting applications. PIR sensors detect general
movement, but do not give information on who or what moved. For that purpose, an imaging IR
sensor is required. PIR sensors are commonly called simply "PIR", or sometimes "PID", for "passive
infrared detector". The term passive refers to the fact that PIR devices do not radiate energy for
detection purposes. They work entirely by detecting infrared radiation (radiant heat) emitted by or
reflected from objects.

4.6. BERG STRIP

Figure 7. Berg Strip

A pin header (or simply header) is a form of electrical connector. A male pin header consists of one or
more rows of metal pins molded into a plastic base, often 2.54 mm (0.1 in) apart, though available in
many spacings. Male pin headers are cost-effective due to their simplicity. The female counterparts are
sometimes known as female socket headers, though there are numerous naming variations of male and
female connectors. Historically, headers have sometimes been called "Berg connectors", but headers
are manufactured by many companies.

V. RESULT AND CONCLUSION

Our project detects the empty slots and helps the drivers to find parking space in unfamiliar city. The
average waiting time of users for parking their vehicles is effectively reduced in this system .It
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effectively satisfy the needs and requirements of existing car. It also eliminates unnecessary travelling
of vehicles across the filled parking slots in a city.

VI. FUTURE SCOPE

 In future works, this framework can be enhanced by including different applications. For Example :
internet booking by utilizing GSM
 We can use wireless communication to enhance the usage of the system and can book a place from
home.
 We will attempt to decrease the mechanical structure and attempt to make it eco-friendly.

REFERENCES

[1] Thanh Nam Pham, Ming-Fong Tsai, Duc Bing Nguyen, Chyi-Ren Dow and Der-Jiunn Deng, “A
Cloud- Based Smart-Parking System Based on Internet-of-Things Technologies,” IEEE Access,
volume 3, pp. 1581 – 1591, September 2015.

[2] M. Fengsheng Yang, “Android Application Development Revelation”, China Machine Press, 2010.

[3] Yanfeng Geng and Christos G. Cassandras, “A New Smart Parking System Based on Optimal
Resource Allocation and Reservations,” IEEE Transaction on Intelligent Transportation Systems,
volume 14, pp. 1129 -1139, April 2013.