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Fundamentals of Water Supply System

The document discusses the fundamentals of water supply systems. It describes the water cycle and how human activity has impacted it through dams, reservoirs and wells. It explains that in the water-use cycle, water moves from a source, to a point of use, and then to a point of disposition. The three main sources of water are rainwater, surface water, and underground water. It also categorizes water use into commercial, domestic, industrial, and irrigation uses.

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157 views2 pages

Fundamentals of Water Supply System

The document discusses the fundamentals of water supply systems. It describes the water cycle and how human activity has impacted it through dams, reservoirs and wells. It explains that in the water-use cycle, water moves from a source, to a point of use, and then to a point of disposition. The three main sources of water are rainwater, surface water, and underground water. It also categorizes water use into commercial, domestic, industrial, and irrigation uses.

Uploaded by

cess
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LESSON 2:

FUNDAMENTALS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM


> Water is constantly in motion by way of the hydrologic cycle.
> Water evaporates as vapor from oceans, lakes, and rivers; is transpired from plants; condenses
in the air and falls as precipitation; and then moves over and through the ground into water bodies,
where the cycle begins again.

The water-use cycle


> composed of the water cycle with the added influence of human activity.
> Dams, reservoirs, canals, aqueducts , withdrawal pipes in rivers, and groundwater wells all
reveal that humans have a major impact on the water cycle.
> In the water-use cycle, water moves from a source to a point of use, and then to a point of
disposition.
>The sources of water are either surface water or groundwater.
> Water is withdrawn and moved from a source to a point of use, such as an industry,
restaurant, home, or farm.
> After water is used, it must be disposed of (or reused).
> Used water is either directly returned to the environment or passes through a
treatment processing plant before being returned

3 main sources of water


1. Rainwater
 Water source that comes from water runoff from roofs is collected in cisterns and used for
irrigation purposes.
 A cistern is a holding tank for rainwater.
 May be contaminated by the atmosphere or the roof.

2. Surface water
 Water source that is found in lakes, reservoirs, ponds, or oceans.
 Most plentiful source but easily contaminated.

3. Underground water
 Water table is a saturated water source from the underground surface beneath which earth
materials such as soil or rock.
 Deep well
> most common source of water.
> The object of a well is to make the water lying beneath the water table available for
use.
> If the water table is close to the surface, wells are sometimes dug by hand.
> Dug wells are rarely deeper than 30 feet

Categories of Water use


1. Commercial
 includes fresh water for motels, hotels, restaurants, office buildings, other commercial
facilities, and civilian and military institutions

2. Domestic
 includes water that used in the home every day

3. Industrial
 valuable resource to the nation's industries such purposes as processing, cleaning,
transportation, dilution, and cooling in manufacturing facilities.
 Major water-using industries include steel, chemical, paper, and petroleum refining.
 Industries often reuse the same water over and over for more than one purpose.

4. Irrigation
 water artificially applied to farm and crops
 water used to irrigate pastures, for frost and freeze protection, chemical application, crop
cooling, harvesting, and for the leaching of salts from the crop root zone.
 Non-agricultural activities include self-supplied water to irrigate public and private golf
courses, parks

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