Name______________________________________________________ Date_____________

Grade_________________

GRAMMAR.

1. Choose the correct answer for each question below. (1 point per answer)

1. He was so angry that he _______ and _________.

a. was getting up / left.

b. got up / was leaving.
c. got up / left.

2. I looked at him and I knew he _______in a fight, because he had a black eye.

a. was
b. was being
c. had been

3. Where ________this morning? I tried to call you, but your phone was off.

a. have you been

b. were you
c. was you

4. It’s a long way off before we have such a promising system _____here in Mexico.

a. to run
b. run
c. running

5. Which sentence is more appropriate or grammatically correct in academic writing?

a. Human activities such as auto and factory emissions are polluting our atmosphere, however,
these so-called greenhouse gases are causing our climate to warm.
b. Because human activities such as auto and factory emissions are polluting our atmosphere,
so these so-called greenhouse gases are causing our climate to warm.
c. Human activities such as auto and factory emissions are polluting our atmosphere;
therefore, these so-called greenhouse gases are causing our climate to warm.
d. Human activities such as auto and factory emissions are polluting our atmosphere. These
so-called greenhouse gases are causing our climate to warm.

6. Which sentence is correct?

a. We would watch a movie tonight if we feel bored.

b. We will watch a movie tonight if we feel bored.
c. If we felt bored, we will watch a movie tonight.
7. The governor had opposed_____ any foreign aid but was overruled and sent on the mission
_____ what he disapproved doing.

a. to seek / to do
b. seeking / doing
c. seeking / to do

8. Why _____ nothing _______?

a. hasn’t / been done yet

b. has / been done yet
c. has / been done still

9. When Patricia ______into the car, she remembered she ______ the water boiler on.

a. got / had left

b. had got / left
c. got / was leaving

10. “To agree with or pretend to agree with” is the definition of which phrasal verb?

a. go against.
b. go ahead.
c. go along with.
d. go on.

11. We ________our meal on the train as it ________across the beautiful countryside.

a. have enjoyed / is going

b. enjoyed / had gone
c. were enjoying / was going.

12. Find and underline the gerund in the sentence, then specify if it’s working as a subject, object
of the verb or object of a preposition. Write your answer over the blank space next to the
sentence.

We discussed going to the cinema, but in the end, we stayed at home. ______________________.

13. Select the grammatically incorrect sentence:

a. John Rodriguez, who living in San Bernardino right now, just completed his undergraduate
degree in accounting.
b. John Rodriguez lives in San Bernardino right now, and he just completed his
undergraduate degree in accounting.
c. A resident of San Bernardino right now, John Rodriguez just completed his undergraduate
degree in accounting.
d. Living in San Bernardino right now, John Rodriguez just completed his undergraduate
degree in accounting.

14. That horse could have won the race if he ________his leg.

a. doesn’t hurt
 b. hadn’t hurt
c. hasn’t hurt

15. The last time we discussed the matter was ____ the 13th of may last year.

a. at
b. on
c. in
d. from

16. Do you mind ______a hand?

a. to give
b. give
c. giving

17. Which of the sentences is NOT first conditional.

a. He will get depressed if he fails the exam.

b. We will never get the keys if we don’t look for them.
c. If we both saved enough money, we could go to Japan.

18. Very early ______the morning of June 29, a heavy mist settled directly ____ the wheatfield.

a. at / beyond
b. on / over
c. in / above

19. _________happiness, we need both history and science.

a. Having understood
b. Understanding
c. In order to understand
d. To have understood

20. If you ________want the job, you should tell her.

a. don’t
b. didn’t
c. won’t want

21. Which sentence uses the passive voice:

a. I usually let my brother play with my toys.

b. Going to the park can be a lot of fun for kids.
c. The bill was passed with a unanimous vote.
d. Yesterday, the old farmer painted the yard.
22. Which of these is NOT an adverb:

a. after
b. fast
c. softly
d. forward

23. Identify the auxiliary verb of the next sentence: I have become one of the best guitar players
in the world because of my discipline.

Write the auxiliar verb ___________________

24. I remember ________the dog last night but not the cat.

a. to give
b. giving
c. give

25. Find the mistake(s) in the sentences and correct it. (Write the whole sentence again correctly)

a. Everyone speak English were I work.

____________________________________________________________________.
b. I seen him just a couple minutes ago.
____________________________________________________________________.
c. The glass was already broke when I open the box.
____________________________________________________________________.

26. I cannot think of anything _____I would love the more than a car right now.

a. where
b. who
c. when
d. whom
e. that

27. Which answer correctly completes the sentence?

Not only Ryan finished his Biology degree, _______________ his graduate degree in the same
subject.

a. but has also started

b. he has also started
c. but he has also started
d. and he has started

28. Which bolded word is incorrectly written? Write the corrected word here:
__________________________.

When explaining why the United States lost its neutral status and entered World War II, the
professor illustrated this criteria as being important factors.
29. Which sentence is correct?

a. If the weather is hot, we turn on the air conditioning.

b. If the weather is hot, we would turn on the air conditioning.
c. If the weather were hot, we turn on the air conditioning.

30. Which bolded word is incorrectly written? Write the corrected answer here:
_____________________.

Neither the other students nor Larry are going to attend the seminar.

31. The new movie performed poorly ______ the low ratings it has received by the viewers.

a. due to
b. since
c. despite
d. however
e. because

32. “To cancel an activity, meeting or other scheduled activity” is the definition of which phrasal
verb:

a. Bring off.
b. Call off.
c. Lay off.
d. Put off.

33. It can completely cover the weft that binds by spacing the wrap more closely. What is the
function of the gerund in this sentence?

a. subject
b. object of the verb.
c. object of the preposition.

34. If I hadn’t overslept, I _____on time.

a. will have been

b. would have been
c. will be

35. I _________revised more for the exam. Now I’m going to fail!

a. could have
b. might have
c. should have

36. I don’t know where they went but they _______ gone to Paris.

a. could have
b. must have
c. can have
37. This conditional uses the future form in the main clause.

a. Zero
b. First

c. Second

38. Write if the form of the verb that follows in an infinitive or gerund. Write an I or a G or
both.

a. appreciate_________.
b. love_______.
c. stop ________.
d. promise_______.
e. afford_______.
f. hope_______.
g. give up _______.
h. refuse________.
i. offer_________.
j. regret________.

39. I’m not sure it is fine to blame Ray for that mistake:

a. Ray must not have made that mistake.

b. Ray might not have made that mistake.
c. Ray can’t have made that mistake.

40. _______Amazon rain forest is located in South America.

a. An
b. The
c. No article
 READING COMPREHENSION.

ECOTOURISM

If you still believe the once-commonly held misconception that tourism is only an indulgence for the
wealthy, you are out of step with the times! The tourism market is accessible to, and indeed
marketed toward, many different sections of the community. Adventurers, fitness freaks, nature-
lovers, and businesspeople all contribute to a rapidly expanding sector of the global economy.

Section A

This billion-dollar industry, whilst affected slightly by the unforeseen events of 11 September 2001,
has experienced significant growth since the late 1980s. The subsequent economic benefits for
governments are well-documented as tourism boosts foreign investment and foreign exchange.
Large-scale resorts and civil infrastructure were often the only response to successful marketing and
increased tourist demand. It is not surprising then that the direct impact on the environment and
regional or indigenous populations became a contentious issue. Governments and big business
became the target of environmentalists and activists who argued that mass tourism was not (and is
not) sustainable. As hordes of tourists descended on often overcrowded beaches and overused
parklands, this became apparent. Eco-tourism was born.

Section B

The broad concept of eco-tourism as a nature-based, culturally sensitive form of tourism was taken
up enthusiastically because there appeared to be few losers. Governments were given a convenient
escape route as eco-tourism appeased the environmentalists and local communities but still
provided income. Environmentalists saw eco-tourism as an alternative to mass tourism and its
resource-exploiting ways. Local communities envisaged receiving at least a percentage of the tourist
dollars, creating job opportunities, and giving them control over the impact on their own
communities. It seemed that the benefits of mass tourism were going to be expanded in the new
world of eco-tourism to include cultural, social and environmental elements.

Section C

As evidence of the benefits of eco-tourism unfolded, the practice has spread. So much so that the
United Nations nominated 2002 as the International Year of Eco-tourism. Perhaps inevitably, the
meaning of ecotourism became less clear as it enveloped the globe. It could be argued that the form
of eco-tourism adopted in some cases was found wanting in certain aspects and the need for
agreement on a tighter definition resulted. The eco-tourist is one who does not wish to contribute
to the negative impact of large-scale tourism. He/she generally travel in small groups to low-key
developments and attempts to “tread lightly” on the earth. These smaller-scale developments are
environmentally responsible with a view to sustainability in all of the resources used. Their
landscaping often relies on the use of native flora, and they incorporate recycling methods and
energy-efficient practices. Within the eco-tourists, holiday experience will be an element of
education about the local environment. The emphasis is on conservation and the part that humans
play in keeping ecosystems functioning. If the area is of cultural or social importance, this too is
highlighted. The eco-tourist doesn’t condone the exploitation of the indigenous or local community.
Far from it, they insist that the host culture is acknowledged and respected. The repatriation of
funds to external sources is frowned upon. Wherever possible, the benefits of an eco-tourist’s
holiday should be shared with the regional community — the hosts.

Section D

All these elements promote minimal impact on human resources as well as on physical, cultural and
environmental ones. They support conservation through education and experience. Despite the
best of intentions, as the popularity of eco-tourism spreads, there is concern that the eco-tourist
will have a more adverse effect on the environment. Critics argue that unethical tour operators
wanting to take advantage of the trendy eco-tourism market print brochures that espouse the ethics
of eco-tourism and show familiar emblems of green frogs and crocodiles to promote themselves but
do little else. If such operators are not held accountable, the industry will not survive. Open and
honest eco-tourism marketing, as well as world-recognized accreditation, must be endorsed and
implemented. The sheer volume of tourists wanting to visit unique, unspoiled environments is also
a cause for concern. Evidence of the need to restrict the number of visitors to sensitive areas exists
in many eco-tourist attractions already. Hikers and bushwalkers in Mount Kenya National Park have
caused damage by straying from set trails and leaving food scraps behind. The number of Orca
whales visiting Canada has declined in recent migratory seasons, as the restrictions placed on whale-
watching boats and organizers are thought to be inadequate.

Section E

Eco-tourism does not guarantee sustainable tourism and it should not be viewed as a complete cure
for the problems that have beset tourism. Until all stakeholders agree to a definition of eco-tourism,
insist that ecotourism operators abide by a strict code of ethics and carefully monitor the impact of
eco-tourism (and all tourism), fragile ecosystems will continue to be besieged by tourists. There
must be an educational program to promote ecologically-sustainable tourism across the board so
that the underlying principle in ALL forms of tourism is the management of resources. Eco-tourism
can bring wealth to areas where there is nothing else but natural attractions. The reasons for visiting
The Galapagos Islands in Ecuador can only be explained by an interest in nature itself. The
subsequent tourist dollars, if re-injected into the community, can mean the survival of such habitats.
Licenses and entry fees to some sites have, in many cases, replaced government funding as their
source of income. Countries as diverse as Australia, New Zealand, Costa Rica and Kenya are
developing strategies to identify and cope with the constraints that inevitably come with a long-
term vision of sustainable tourism. Eco-tourism has played an important role in developing an
awareness for sustainable tourism practices but governments, tourist agencies, and operators must
be willing to join forces with eco-tourists to ensure that natural attractions are protected from their
own popularity.
1. Look at the list of headings (I-IV) below. Choose the most suitable heading for Sections A-E.
Write your answers (A-E) next to the heading.

Heading Section
I. Eco tourism explained
II. The appeal of ecotourism
III. Tourism gives birth to Ecotourism
IV. The future of Ecotourism
V. Questioning sustainability
VI. The Ecotourists itinerary

2. Complete the sentences below with words taken from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS for each answer.

5. Polluted, high density tourist destinations are proof that ___________cannot be allowed to
continue.

6. Eco-tourism spread because of __________ was obvious to environmental and government

representatives as well as cultural and social groups.

7. Eco-tourists choose to stay in ___________ that do relatively less harm to the environment.

8. ___________ can damage the eco-tourism industry and governments need to supervise them
carefully.

9. The success of the Galapagos Islands shows that __________ can be a magnet for tourists.

3. Choose the correct answer for each statement.

10. The main aim of the writer is to

A. point out the economic benefits of tourism.

B. outline the impact of tourism on the environment.
C. introduce the concept of eco-tourism.
D. explain the origins of eco-tourism.

11. The tourism industry cannot survive unless it

A. promotes ecologically sustainable activities.

B. ensures that eco-tourism operators are genuine.
C. considers the long-term effects of tourism on physical resources.
D. All of the above.

12. The eco-tourist

A. is often a victim of false advertising by unethical tour operators.

B. accepts the restrictions that are placed on natural habitats.
C. can unintentionally contribute to the negative effects of tourism.
D. never goes to larger-scale tourist resorts.
13. The eco-tourism market

A. is more likely to impact on natural habitats.

B. is likely to restrict marketing of unethical tour operators.
C. is more likely to repatriate profits from local communities.
D. is likely to be more sustainable than mass tourism.