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Solid Liquid Filtration Unit M6: Learning Objectives

1. The document describes a solid-liquid filtration unit used to separate suspended solids from liquid. 2. The unit includes a feed tank, pump, acrylic plate and frame filter press, and associated piping and valves. 3. An experiment is described to determine the pressure drop across the filtration cartridge according to Darcy's law by varying process parameters like flow rate, solid concentration, and measuring cake thickness over time.

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Mayank Vashishtha
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135 views4 pages

Solid Liquid Filtration Unit M6: Learning Objectives

1. The document describes a solid-liquid filtration unit used to separate suspended solids from liquid. 2. The unit includes a feed tank, pump, acrylic plate and frame filter press, and associated piping and valves. 3. An experiment is described to determine the pressure drop across the filtration cartridge according to Darcy's law by varying process parameters like flow rate, solid concentration, and measuring cake thickness over time.

Uploaded by

Mayank Vashishtha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solid liquid filtration unit

M6
Introduction
Solid liquid filtration is designed in order to seprate the suspened solids in a liquid a
flow.Filtration is an important chemical engineering principal that is used in many industries
and applications such as the food industry and waste water treatment. The theory implies
passing a lquid flow through a filtration unit that in this case is a plat and frame system and
by optimizing the flow rate and the pressure applied, cetrain amount of filtrate cake is
formed. The apparatus consists of a frame feed tank that connected to a progressive cavity
pump which feeds a slurry to the acrylic plate and frame filter press that consists of 2 end
plates.

Learning Objectives

 Introduce the fundamental of liquid/solid separation.


 Getting the experimental experience for setting up the equipment.
 Measure the pressure drop with the change of the liquid velocity.

Equipment Description:

Figure 1. Solid/Liquid filtration unit layout (UOP 12)

1 - On/off switch 4 - Plate and frame filtration unit 7 - Optical sensor block
2 - Control panel 5 - Feed tank mixer
3 - Feed tank 6 - Feed pump
Figure 2. Valve distribution.

3 – Feed tank H-Pump to HE line


5 –Feed tank motor J- Filter to V9 valve
6-Float switch V5-Permeate valve
8 –sample tube rack V7-Relief valve
9- Feed pump V8-Tank drain valve
14-Plug V9- 3-way T-valve
A-Tank to feed pump line V10-Retentae valve
D-Filtrate return line

Experimental steps for determination of the experimental trans


cartridge pressure drop
Darcy’s law states that the discharge rate q is proportional to the gradient in the hydraulic
head and the hydraulic conductivity. For filtration, the equation is to describe the
behaviour can be represented as:

(1)
Q: Volumetric flow rate of filtrate
∆ P : Driving pressure
L : Cake thickness.

In order to demonstrate Darcy’s law, the following experimental steps must be followed:

1. Make sure to close Valves V2, V5, V8 (shown on the process rig).
2. Prepare 3 L of 0.6 % (W/V) Perlite and add to the feed tank shown in the figure above.
3. Turn on the Tank motor for stirring and leave it for 5-10 minutes until it maintains a
homogenous solution.
4. We are going to make a circulation that the filtrate will go back to the feeding tank. So, you
will have to re-arrange the valve outings for this purpose. As shown in the figure 4 above,
open valves V1, V3, and V4 (shown on the rig). Then, switch Valve V9 to direct flow back to
the feed tank (shown in figure above).
5. From the control panel, set the control to manual and set the pressure to 1.5 bar.
6. From the pump control unit, set the pump flow rate to 40 Litre h -1 then start the pump.
7. Keep the pump running for 10-15 minutes to bleed any air from the system.
8. Now prepare 7L of calcium carbonate solution mixed with Perlite and add them to the
feeding tank. The total filled volume in the tank will be 10 Litre. The Final concentration in
the tank should round up to 0.25 % (w/v).
9. Switch Valve V9 to allow for the filtrate to collect in the filtrate vessel.
10. Run the unit's software on the computer (software name: UOP12).
11. The software will prompt the user to specify the chosen experiment (Darcy’s law
experiment) and click "Load".
12. click "Go" to start data logging. User can toggle between flow diagram view, table view, or
graph view.
13. Once the pressure reaches 0.20 bar switch the controller to automatic
14. Measure the amount of collected cake every 20 seconds and record the depth of the cake.
15. As the volume filled in the feed tank becomes lower, stop the pump once it goes below the
lower point by setting the pump controller to 0.
16. When the experiment is finished, click "Stop" and export your data by clicking "Save as".
17. Turn off the pump and turn off the main on/off switch.
18. Repeat the experiment adjusting the CaCO 2/filter concentrations to 0.5 % and 0.75 %,
respectively.

Data analysis
Given:

ΔP= (1.5- (back pressure)) {Pa}

μ= 0.0128 Pa-s

Ac= (1.1*0.5) m2

Equation 1

KP 2
t /V = V +B
2

t V ( t ) +2V 0
=
V (t ) k

2 Δ P A 2c
K=
α cF μ
R m Ac
V 0=
α Cf

1. Collect the data from the software. You are required to fine tune the datasets by
taking the moving average of t and V data you collected. Make a column with
name t,avg and V,avg.
2. Calculation of Moving Average of time and volume

T (sec) V (L) T,avg V,avg

A1 B1 AVERAGE(A1:A15) AVERAGE(B1:B15)
A2 B2

3. Since this experiment is based upon constant pressure drop, you are required to
plot t/V vs V in order to calculate cake resistance and filter medium resistance.
4. Convert Cf into Kg/L by dividing mass(g)/ Volume (L).
5. After plotting the scatter plot of t/V vs V, where t is in seconds and V is in L,
compute the slope and intercept by fitting the linear regression curve.
6. Based upon the value of slope and intercept, calculate the cake resistance( and
filter medium resistance with proper units.

How does this affect the process?

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