BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT

Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology

AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK

TABLE OF CONTENTS XXX

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• Description p.1
• Audience p.1
• Impact Factor p.1
• Abstracting and Indexing p.1
• Editorial Board p.1
• Guide for Authors p.4
ISSN: 0387-7604

DESCRIPTION
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Brain and Development (ISSN 0387-7604) is the Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Child
Neurology, and is aimed to promote clinical child neurology and developmental neuroscience.
The journal is devoted to publishing Review Articles, Full Length Original Papers, Case Reports and
Letters to the Editor in the field of Child Neurology and related sciences. Proceedings of meetings, and
professional announcements will be published at the Editor's discretion. Letters concerning articles
published in Brain and Development and other relevant issues are also welcome.

AUDIENCE
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Pediatric Neurologists, Neurologists, Pediatricians, Epileptologists, Neonatologists.

IMPACT FACTOR
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2021: 2.272 © Clarivate Analytics Journal Citation Reports 2022

ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING

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Elsevier BIOBASE
PubMed/Medline
Current Contents - Life Sciences
Current Contents - Clinical Medicine
Embase
Pascal Francis
Research Information Systems
PsycINFO
Scopus

EDITORIAL BOARD
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Editor-in-Chief
Katsuhiro Kobayashi, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Department of Child Neurology, Okayama, Japan

AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 21 Apr 2023 www.elsevier.com/locate/braindev 1

Associate Editor-in-Chief
Masafumi Morimoto, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine School of Nursing Graduate School of Nursing,
Kyoto, Japan
Founding Editor-in-Chief
Yukio Fukuyama, Tokyo, Japan (1979 - 1996) Japan
Former Editor-in-Chief
Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Bunkyo-Ku, Japan (1996 - 2005)
Makiko Kaga, Bunkyo-Ku, Japan ( 2005 - 2013)
Masashi Mizuguchi, Itabashi-Ku, Japan (2014–2019)
Managing Editors
Katsunori Fujii, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics,
Narita, Japan
Keiko Ishigaki, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo, Japan
Yoshimi Kaga, University of Yamanashi, Department of Pediatrics, Chuo, Japan
Hideaki Kanemura, Toho University Medical Center Sakura Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Sakura, Japan
Tatsuya Koeda, National Center for Child Health and Development, Department of Psychosocial Medicine, Tokyo,
Japan
Tetsuo Kubota, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Department of Pediatrics Neuropediatrics and Neonatal, Anjo, Japan
Masakazu Mimaki, Teikyo University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Department of
Paediatrics, Itabashi-Ku, Japan
Kazuhiro Muramatsu, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Department
of Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan
Jun Natsume, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Pediatrics Developmental Pediatrics, Nagoya,
Japan
Masahiro Nonaka, Kansai Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Hirakata, Japan
Hitoshi Osaka, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Department of
Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan
Shinji Saitoh, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Department of
Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya, Japan
Hiroshi Sakuma, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Department of Brain and Neurosciences,
Tokyo, Japan
Toshiyuki Seto, Osaka City University, Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka, Japan
Takao Takahashi, Keio University, Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo, Japan
Jun Tohyama, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, Niigata, Japan
Mitsugu Uematsu, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics,
Sendai, Japan
Takanori Yamagata, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Department of
Pediatrics, Shimotsuke, Japan
Editorial Board
Eishi Asano, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Department of Neurodiagnostics, Detroit,
Michigan, United States of America
Anthony James Barkovich, University of California, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, San
Francisco, California, United States of America
Eugen Boltshauser, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Zurich,
Switzerland
Derrick Chan Wei Shih, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Paediatric Neurology, Paediatric Medicine,
Singapore, Singapore
Tomohiro Chiyonobu, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science,
Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto, Japan
Michael E Cohen, John R Oishei Children’s Hospital, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
Paolo Curatolo, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Medicine of the Systems, Roma, Italy
Olivier Dulac, Necker Hospital in Paris, Paris, France
Kiyoshi Egawa, Hokkaido University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo, Japan
Hideo Enoki, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital Epilepsy Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
Tetsuhiro Fukuyama, Shinshu University Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Matsumoto, Japan
Natan Gadoth, Mayanei HaYeshua Medical Center, Bnei-Brak, Israel
Renzo Guerrini, University of Florence, Neuroscience Department Children’s Hospital IRCCS Meyer, Firenze,
Italy
Atsuko Gunji, Yokohama National University, Faculty of Education, Yokohama, Japan
Florian Heinen, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental
Medicine, München, Germany
Gregory L. Holmes, University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, Vermont, United
States of America

AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 21 Apr 2023 www.elsevier.com/locate/braindev 2

Petra Susan Huppi, University Hospitals Geneva Division of Development and Growth, Genève, Switzerland
Yong Seung Hwang, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, Korea
Takashi Ichiyama, Tsudumigaura Children's Medical Welfare Center, Department of Pediatric Neurology,
Shunan, Japan
Yuji Inaba, Nagano Children's Hospital Division of Neuropediatrics, Azumino, Japan
Nobutsune Ishikawa, Hiroshima University, Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima, Japan
Kyoko Itoh, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Department of
Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto, Japan
Yosuke Kita, Keio University, Faculty of Letters, Department of Psychology, Minato-Ku, Japan
Peter R. Kollros, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of
America
Kazuo Kubota, Gifu University, Department of Pediatrics, Gifu, Japan
Kenneth J. Mack, Mayo Clinic Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
of America
Kathleen Millen, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research & University of
Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
Solomon Moshe, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
Eyal Muscal, Baylor College of Medicine Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience & Division of
Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas, United States of America
Janice R. Naegele, Wesleyan University College of Integrative Sciences, Middletown, Connecticut, United States
of America
Richard Newton, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester, United
Kingdom
Iori Ohmori, Okayama University, Department of Special Needs Education, Okayama, Japan
Akira Oka, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
Sergio Rosemberg, School of Medical Sciences of the Holy House of Sao Paulo, SAO PAULO, Brazil
Elsa G. Shapiro, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United
States of America
Tadashi Shiohama, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chiba, Japan
Hideaki Shiraishi, Hokkaido University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo, Japan
Junichi Takanashi, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics,
Yachiyo, Japan
Toshiki Takenouchi, Keio University, Department of Pediatrics, Shinjuku-Ku, Japan
Ingrid Tein, The Hospital for Sick Children, Dept. of Pediatrics and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and
Pathobiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Milivoj Velickovic Perat, Academy of Developmental Medicine, Kranj, Slovenia
Federico Vigevano, Bambino Gesu Pediatric Hospital, Roma, Italy
Virginia Wong, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Toshiyuki Yamamoto, Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute of Medical Genetics, Shinjuku, Japan
Hideo Yamanouchi, Saitama Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Moroyama, Japan
Yushiro Yamashita, Kurume University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Department of
Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume, Japan
Takeshi Yoshida, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics,
Kyoto, Japan
Advisory Board
Stephen Ashwal, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
Peter Georg Barth, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Harry T. Chugani, New York University, Department of Neurology, New York, New York, United States of America
Victor Dubowitz, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
Kazuie Iinuma, Ishinomaki Red Cross Hospital, Sendai, Japan
Jaak Jaeken, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Department of Development and Regeneration, Centre for
Metabolic Diseases, Leuven, Belgium
Karin B. Nelson, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, MD, USA
Kousaku Ohno, Tottori University, Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
Robert Ouvrier, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
David A. Stumpf, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
Roberto F. Tuchman, Nicklaus Children's Hospital Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weston, Florida, United States
of America
Pongsakdi Visudhiphan, Mahidol University, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Joseph J. Volpe, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
of America
The Editorial Office
[email protected]

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GUIDE FOR AUTHORS
.

INTRODUCTION
Brain & Development is aimed to promote clinical child neurology and developmental neuroscience.
Submissions considered for publication to Brain & Development are received on the understanding
that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part
of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities
where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same
form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder.

For information on Ethical guidelines for journal publication see https://www.elsevier.com/authors/

policies-and-guidelines.
Submission of manuscripts
Brain & Development now proceeds totally online via an online submission system. In
case you do not have an internet connection, please contact the Editor-in-Chief for
alternative instructions. By accessing the online submission via Elsevier Editorial System,
https://www.editorialmanager.com/BRADEV you will be guided stepwise through the creation and
uploading of the various files. When submitting a manuscript online, authors need to provide an
electronic version of their manuscript and any accompanying figures and tables.

The journal is dedicated to the field of clinical child neurology and related neuroscience, and covers
topics such as physiological and pathological brain development, neurodevelopmental disorders,
cerebral palsy, genetic and metabolic disorders of the nervous system, epilepsy and seizure disorders,
movement disorders, fetal and neonatal neurology, infectious and inflammatory disorders of the
nervous system, neuromuscular disorders, and other neurologic diseases of infants and children.

The author should select from a list of scientific classifications, which will be used to help the
editors select reviewers with appropriate expertise, and an article type for their manuscript. Once
the uploading is done, the system automatically generates an electronic (PDF) proof, which is then
used for reviewing. All correspondence, including the Editor's decision and request for revisions, will
be processed through the system and will reach the corresponding author by e-mail.

Once a manuscript has successfully been submitted via the online submission system authors may
track the status of their manuscript using the online submission system (details will be provided by
e-mail). If your manuscript is accepted by the journal, subsequent tracking facilities are available on
Elsevier's Author Gateway, using the unique reference number provided by Elsevier and corresponding
author name (details will be provided by e-mail).

For revisions, your revised manuscript should be submitted within 90 days, failing which it will be
expired automatically. If you would require more than 90 days for submitting the revision, please
submit as a new submission.

Authors may send queries concerning the submission process or journal procedures to the Central
Editorial Office: Katsuhiro Kobayashi, Editor-in-Chief: [email protected].

For further details on how to submit online, please visit our Support Center.

Please prepare manuscripts in conformance with the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted
to Biomedical Journals (http://www.icmje.org/urm_main.html).
Language
Only English articles will be accepted. Authors whose native language is not English should enlist the
help of colleagues who are proficient in scientific English.

Please write your text in clear and grammatical English (American or British usage is accepted, but
not a mixture of these) and authors should conform to the general style of the journal and the specific
instructions listed below. Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting

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services pre- and post-submission please visit https://www.elsevier.com/languagepolishing for more
information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or
services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any advertising.

Manuscripts that are written in poor English and/or not properly prepared will be returned to the
authors without review, since it is not feasible for the Editors to undertake extensive revision or
rewriting of manuscripts submitted.

Drugs should be referred to using international non-proprietary (generic) names. All acronyms should
be spelled out at the first usage except for MRI, CT, EEG, IQ, and PCR. The authors are expected
to round to the nearest integer when they calculate percentages for cases less than 100 (e.g.,
63.5% to 64%). To describe sequence variants (DNA, RNA and protein), authors should follow current
recommendations of the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS).
Ethics
For all manuscripts dealing with experimental work involving human subjects, specify that informed
consent was obtained following a full explanation of the procedure(s) undertaken. Patients should be
referred to by number; do not use real names, initials or hospital numbers. Also, the design of special
scientific research (e.g. genetic research and regenerative medicine) in human diseases or of animal
experiments should be approved by the ethical committee of the institution. Animal experiments must
conform to guidelines on animal care and use currently applied in the country of origin. This must
be stated at the last part of Method section with a heading "Ethics" in the article. The institutional
approval may not be required for genetic testing primarily for a diagnostic purpose.
Patient details
Unless you have written permission from the patient (or, where applicable, the next of kin), personal
details of patients included in any part of the article and in any supplementary materials (including
all illustrations and videos) must be removed before submission. For further information see https://
www.elsevier.com/patientphotographs.
Conflict of Interest
Based on the detailed enforcement regulation of the guideline for Conflict of Interest's management in
conducting clinical research, all authors must indicate whether or not they have a financial relationship
with the organization that sponsored the research. (They should also state that they agree to allow
the journal to review their data if requested.)
The manuscript must be accompanied by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
(ICMJE) form for Disclosure of Interests. This form can be obtained from here. At the time of
submission, please be sure to attach this form also the submitting author must include a COI
statement in the body of the manuscript. The statement will describe all the authors' relationships
with companies that may have a financial interest in the information contained in the manuscript.
This information should be provided under the heading titled ' Conflict of Interest Disclosures,' which
should appear after the 'Acknowledgements' section and before the 'References' section. The absence
of any interest to disclose must also be stated as "The authors declare no competing interests."
Authorship
All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: 1) Substantial
contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation
of data for the work; 2) Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;
3) Final approval of the version to be published; 4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of
the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are
appropriately investigated and resolved.
The statement that all authors meet the above ICMJE authorship criteria must be provided under the
heading titled 'Author Contributions,' which should appear after the text and before the 'References'
section.
In accordance with ICMJE recommendations, individuals who provided help, but do not meet the
authorship requirement (e.g., medical writers or statistical analysts) must be mentioned in the
Acknowledgements section.
(Example: Contributor A was responsible for the organization and coordination of the trial. B was the
chief investigator and responsible for the data analysis. A, B, C, D, and E developed the trial design.
All authors contributed to the writing of the final manuscript. All members of the xxx Study Team
contributed to the management or administration of the trial.)

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Changes to authorship
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their
manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any
addition, deletion, or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only
before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such
a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for
the change in the author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they
agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors,
this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of
authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication
of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue,
any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
The below guidance only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and
draw insights from data as part of the research process.

Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing
process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the
technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and
edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or
biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as
an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed
by humans, as outlined in Elsevier’s AI policy for authors.

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing
process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please
note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.

Disclosure instructions
Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by
adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References
list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-
assisted technologies in the writing process’.

Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order
to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed
and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references
etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.
Submission declaration and verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in
the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent
publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that
its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where
the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in
English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-
holder. To verify compliance, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other
originality or duplicate checking software.
Preprints
Please note that preprints can be shared anywhere at any time, in line with Elsevier's sharing policy.
Sharing your preprints e.g. on a preprint server will not count as prior publication (see 'Multiple,
redundant or concurrent publication' for more information).
Use of inclusive language
Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences,
and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or
commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to

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another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health
condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias,
stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek
gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible
to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer
to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or
health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend
to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We
suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary",
"secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help
identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (see
more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of
the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version
of this agreement.

Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal
circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution
outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If
excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission
from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for
use by authors in these cases.

Author rights
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More
information.
Role of the funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or
preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in
the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to
submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended
to state this.
Open access
Please visit our Open Access page for more information.
Referee recommendations and negative preference
To help ensure that papers are reviewed by the most suitable referees, authors may provide a list
of three potential referees (including names, addresses, fax and e-mail) who do not have conflict of
interest in the research being submitted. The Editors reserve the right to choose different referees
from the ones suggested. You may also suggest reviewers you do not want to review your manuscript,
but please state your reasons for doing so.

PREPARATION
Queries
For questions about the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for
technical support on submissions, please visit our Support Center.
Article Types
Original Articles
These may describe original clinical or laboratory research. The main text of original articles should
generally be in the format of: Structured Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials/Subjects,
Methods, Results and Discussion. Authors are reminded that articles should be clear and concise and
non-standard abbreviations avoided. Please provide approximately 250 words structured abstract and
3-9 keywords separately. Up to 50 references are recommended.

Review Articles

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Reviews may concern either clinical or laboratory scientific topics. Relatively brief reviews of between
2,500 and 3,000 words are particularly welcome. Longer reviews are acceptable when justified by
topic and comprehensiveness. The format of the main text is same as above original articles.

Case Reports
A case report should describe a new disease, or confirmation of a rare or new disease; a new insight
into pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, or treatment; or a new finding associated with a currently
known disease. A report of special scientific investigation, even in a single patient, will be regarded
as an original article. The length should ordinarily be less than 1,500 words, with no more than a
total of 3 tables and figures and 20 references. This can be exceeded only when justified by extensive
special studies. The format of the main text of case reports is also same as original articles.

Letters to the Editor

These should be up to 300 words in length, and should be submitted in response to material published
in the journal to make small clinical points or to introduce a point of view. They can be accompanied
by up to 5 references but no illustrations. Letters do not carry an abstract.

Proceedings of Meetings
Full manuscripts or abstracts of papers presented at scientific meetings shall be considered for
publication as Proceedings in the form either of a supplementary volume, a special issue, or as a
section in an issue. Publication will be at the discretion of the editors. Printing costs should be borne
by the contributor.

As an approximate guide to authors judging the length of their paper, the following estimation may
be used: 3 typewritten A4 pages = 1 printed page; 3 'average' figures + legends = 1 printed page;
3 'average' tables = 1 printed page; 35 references = 1 printed page.
Manuscript format
The manuscript should be set out with the following sections:

(i) Title page (title taking up to 200 spaces; full names and affiliations of all cited authors with the
surname in uppercase letters; corresponding author's name, full mailing address, fax number, and
email address; present address of authors where appropriate); See concrete examples See concrete
examples
(ii) Structured abstract and 3-9 key words;
(iii) Text and acknowledgments;
(iv) Author Contributions;
(v) Conflict of Interest Disclosures;
(vi) References; (vii) Figure legends;
(viii) Tables with their legends.
Keywords
Effective and apt keywords will help others find your article quickly and accurately.
References
Text: References to literature must be indicated by Arabic numerals in square brackets which run
consecutively through the paper. Where a reference is cited more than once in the text the same
number should be used each time.
List: Number the references in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.

Reference style should follow the standards summarized in the NLM's ICMJE Recommendations for
the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals, also known as
Vancouver Style: Sample References webpage and detailed in the NLM's Citing Medicine, 2nd edition.

In your reference list, you should: List all authors or editors, but if there are more than six authors,
list the first six authors followed by "et al." (with a full stop). Use Roman text for article titles and
written precisely as it appears in work cited, ending with a full stop. Abbreviate the journal name
according to common usage. Provide the year of publication followed by a semicolon, the volume
number followed by a colon, and the page range (or article number). Omit the month, and day of
publication. The issue number may be omitted. For an electronic publication ahead of print (article in
press), use "in press" instead of the volume number and page range (or article number), followed by
the digital object identifier (DOI), as in the example listed below. Examples of journals

AUTHOR INFORMATION PACK 21 Apr 2023 www.elsevier.com/locate/braindev 8

Published articles
[1] Okanishi T, Saito Y, Ohno K. Acute encephalitis with refractory, repetitive partial seizures (AERRPS).
Brain Dev 2009;31:92-3.
[2] Barnerias C, Boddaert N, Pascale G, Isabelle D, Pannier LH, Dulac O, et al. Unusual magnetic
resonance imaging features in Menkes disease. Brain Dev 2008;30:489-92.

Electronic publication ahead of print

[3] Gunji A, Inagaki M, Inoue Y, Takeshima Y, Kaga M. Event-related potentials of self-face recognition
in children with pervasive developmental disorders. Brain Dev 2009, in press. doi: 10.1016/
j.braindev.2008.04.011.

Journal article in Japanese

[4] Ogawa A, Hamamoto K, Hirose S, Fujikawa M, Mitsudome A. Sympathetic skin response in patients
with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. No To Hattatsu (Tokyo) 2007;39:347-50. Japanese.

Examples of books and other monographs

Personal author(s)
[5] Aicardi J. Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons
Inc; 2009.

Editor(s), compiler(s)
[6] Armstrong DL, Halliday W, Hawkings C, Takashima S, editors. Pediatric Neuropathology: A Text-
Atlas. New York: Springer; 2007

Chapter in a book
[7] Sarnat HB. Cerebral plasticity in embryological development. In: Fukuyama Y, Suzuki Y, Kamoshita
S, Casaer P, editors. Fetal and perinatal neurology. Basel: Karger; 1992. p. 118-31.

Japanese book
[8] Igarashi T, Ishii M, Takida J, Hiraiwa M, Mizuguchi M, Yokota S, editors. Evidence-based Pediatrics
2007-2008. Tokyo: Chugai-Igakusha; 2007. Japanese.
Others
Refer to "NLM's International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations for the
Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals: Sample References
webpage": https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html
Peer review
This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by
the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of
two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible
for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final. Editors
are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written
by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an
interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal's usual procedures, with peer review
handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types
of peer review.
Use of word processing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text
should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting
codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word
processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts,
superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each
individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns.
The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see
also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics
will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic
artwork.

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To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check'
functions of your word processor.
Artwork
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Embed the used fonts if the application provides that option.
• Aim to use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol, or
use fonts that look similar.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version.
• Submit each illustration as a separate file.
• Ensure that color images are accessible to all, including those with impaired color vision.

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.

You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then
please supply 'as is' in the native document format.
Regardless of the application used other than Microsoft Office, when your electronic artwork is
finalized, please 'Save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution
requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings, embed all used fonts.
TIFF (or JPEG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones), keep to a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPEG): Bitmapped (pure black & white pixels) line drawings, keep to a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF (or JPEG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale), keep to a minimum of
500 dpi.
Please do not:
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these typically have a
low number of pixels and limited set of colors;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF), or
MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit
usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear
in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations
are reproduced in color in the printed version. For color reproduction in print, you will receive
information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please
indicate your preference for color: in print or online only. Further information on the preparation of
electronic artwork.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A
caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep
text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the
relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in
accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be
sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results
described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.

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Preprint references
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal
publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that
cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced.
Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name
of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.
Supplementary material
Supplementary material such as applications, images and sound clips, can be published with your
article to enhance it. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received
(Excel or PowerPoint files will appear as such online). Please submit your material together with the
article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. If you wish to make
changes to supplementary material during any stage of the process, please make sure to provide
an updated file. Do not annotate any corrections on a previous version. Please switch off the 'Track
Changes' option in Microsoft Office files as these will appear in the published version. Material that
should not be published (e.g. Institutional Review Board [IRB] Approval, etc.) is to be designated as
Author Agreement as the file type and NOT as e-Component at submission.
Research data
This journal encourages and enables you to share data that supports your research publication
where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data
refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings. To facilitate
reproducibility and data reuse, this journal also encourages you to share your software, code, models,
algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.

Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement
about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. If you are sharing data in one of
these ways, you are encouraged to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to
the "References" section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing,
sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.
Data linking
If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to
the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with
relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a better understanding
of the research described.

There are different ways to link your datasets to your article. When available, you can directly link
your dataset to your article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more
information, visit the database linking page.

For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published
article on ScienceDirect.

In addition, you can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your
manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053;
PDB: 1XFN).
Data statement
To foster transparency, we encourage you to state the availability of your data in your submission.
This may be a requirement of your funding body or institution. If your data is unavailable to access
or unsuitable to post, you will have the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process,
for example by stating that the research data is confidential. The statement will appear with your
published article on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data Statement page.

AFTER ACCEPTANCE
Online proof correction
To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly ask authors to provide us with their proof
corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online
proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to

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MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions
from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing
you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
If preferred, you can still choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions
for proofing will be given in the e-mail we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online
version and PDF.
We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this
proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and
figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this
stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back
to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent
corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
Offprints
From 2023 publication, the corresponding author will, at no cost, receive a customized Share Link
providing 50 days free access to the final published version of the article on ScienceDirect. The Share
Link can be used for sharing the article via any communication channel, including email and social
media. Corresponding authors who have published their article gold open access do not receive a
Share Link as their final published version of the article is available open access on ScienceDirect and
can be shared through the article DOI link.

AUTHOR INQUIRIES
Visit the Elsevier Support Center to find the answers you need. Here you will find everything from
Frequently Asked Questions to ways to get in touch.
You can also check the status of your submitted article or find out when your accepted article will
be published.
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Last update April 2022
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