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NumPy Methods

NumPy is a Python library used for working with arrays. It also has functions for working in domain of linear algebra, Fourier transform, and matrices.

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35 views

NumPy Methods

NumPy is a Python library used for working with arrays. It also has functions for working in domain of linear algebra, Fourier transform, and matrices.

Uploaded by

Lucknow Plots
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NumPy

numpy.ravel: Flatten a NumPy Array


If you want to get a 1-D array of a multi-dimensional array, try numpy.ravel(arr). You
can either read the elements in the same row first or read the elements in the same column
first.

>>> import numpy as np


>>> arr = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 41]])


>>> arr

array([[ 1, 2],
      [ 3, 41]])

>>> np.ravel(arr)

array([ 1, 2, 3, 41])

>>> np.ravel(arr, order="F")

array([ 1, 3, 2, 41])
Use List to Change the Positions of Rows or Columns in
a NumPy Array
If you want to change the positions of rows or columns in a NumPy array, simply use a
list to specify the new positions as shown below.

>>> arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])


>>> arr

array([[1, 2, 3],
      [4, 5, 6],
      [7, 8, 9]])

>>> new_row_position = [1, 2, 0]


>>> new_arr = arr[new_row_position, :]
>>> new_arr

array([[4, 5, 6],
      [7, 8, 9],
      [1, 2, 3]])
Difference Between NumPy’s All and Any Methods
If you want to get the row whose ALL values satisfy a certain condition, use NumPy’s
all method.

>>> a = np.array([[1, 2, 1], [2, 2, 5]])


# get the rows whose all values are fewer than 3


>>> mask_all = (a < 3).all(axis=1)
>>> a[mask_all]

array([[1, 2, 1]])

To get the row whose AT LEAST one value satisfies a certain condition, use NumPy’s
any method.

>>> mask_any = (a < 3).any(axis=1)


>>> a[mask_any]

array([[1, 2, 1],
      [2, 2, 5]])
Double numpy.argsort: Get Rank of Values in an Array
If you want to get the index of the sorted list for the original list, apply
numpy.argsort() twice.

>>> a = np.array([2, 1, 4, 7, 3])


# Get rank of values in an array


>>> a.argsort().argsort()

array([1, 0, 3, 4, 2])

In the example above, 1 is the smallest value so it is indexed 0. 2 is the second-largest


value to it is indexed 1.
Get the Index of the Max Value in a NumPy Array
To get the index of the max value in a NumPy array, use np.argmax. This can be helpful
to get the highest probability in an array of probabilities.

>>> a = np.array([0.2, 0.4, 0.7, 0.3])


>>> np.argmax(a)

2
np.where: Replace Elements of a NumPy Array Based
on a Condition
If you want to replace elements of a NumPy array based on a condition, use
numpy.where.

>>> arr = np.array([[1, 4, 10, 15], [2, 3, 8, 9]])


# Multiply values that are less than 5 by 2


>>> np.where(arr < 5, arr * 2, arr)

array([[ 2, 8, 10, 15],


      [ 4, 6, 8, 9]])
array-to-latex: Turn a NumPy Array into Latex
!pip install array-to-latex

Sometimes you might want to use latex to write math. You can turn a NumPy array into
latex using array-to-latex.

>>> import array_to_latex as a2l


>>> a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])


>>> latex = a2l.to_ltx(a)
>>> latex

\begin{bmatrix}
1.00 & 2.00 & 3.00\\
4.00 & 5.00 & 6.00
\end{bmatrix}

I copied and pasted the output of array-to-latex to the Markdown cell of Jupyter
Notebook, and below is the output.

Link to array-to-latex.
NumPy Comparison Operators
If you want to get elements of a NumPy array that are greater, smaller, or equal to a value
or an array, simply use comparison operators such as <, <=, >, >=, ==.

>>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3])


>>> b = np.array([4, 1, 2])

>>> a < 2

array([ True, False, False])

>>> a < b

array([ True, False, False])

>>> a[a < b]

array([1])
NumPy.linspace: Get Evenly Spaced Numbers Over a
Specific Interval
If you want to get evenly spaced numbers over a specific interval, use
numpy.linspace(start, stop, num). The code below shows a use case of the
numpy.linspace method.

>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


>>> x = np.linspace(2, 4, num=10)


>>> x

array([2.       , 2.22222222, 2.44444444, 2.66666667,


2.88888889,
      3.11111111, 3.33333333, 3.55555556, 3.77777778, 4.    
  ])

>>> y = np.arange(10)

>>> plt.plot(x, y)
>>> plt.show()
NumPy.testing.assert_almost_equal: Check if Two
Arrays Are Equal up to a Certain Precision
Sometimes, you might only want to check if two arrays are equal up to a certain precision.
If so, use numpy.testing.assert_almost_equal.

>>> from numpy.testing import assert_almost_equal,


assert_array_equal

>>> a = np.array([[1.222, 2.222], [3.222, 4.222]])


>>> test = np.array([[1.221, 2.221], [3.221, 4.221]])
>>> assert_almost_equal(a, test, decimal=2)

>>> assert_array_equal(a, test)

AssertionError:
Arrays are not equal

Mismatched elements: 4 / 4 (100%)


Max absolute difference: 0.001
Max relative difference: 0.000819
x: array([[1.222, 2.222],
      [3.222, 4.222]])
y: array([[1.221, 2.221],
      [3.221, 4.221]])

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