Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1 

Entrance Ticket: Unit 3, Lesson 1

RI.6.1, W.6.1, W.6.10

(Example for Teacher Reference)

Directions: As you enter class, read the learning targets. Next, read the Model Argument Essay:
“Dorothy” and look at the Model Argument Evidence: Dorothy note-catcher. Compare and
contrast the connections you see between the two documents.

Similarities Differences
• Both address the same prompt. • Essay is written in sentences and
paragraphs and in a formal tone.
• Both include her accomplishments,
why they were remarkable, and • Note-catcher uses bullets.
evidence to support those ideas. • Note-catcher is organized by
• Both quote directly from the anchor accomplishment.
text. • Essay includes an introduction and
• Both state a claim and reasons why conclusion.
Dorothy’s accomplishments were • Essay is organized by two reasons for
remarkable (but on the note-catcher why her accomplishments are
this is at the end, and in the essay, this remarkable.
is at the beginning in the introduction).
• Essay does not include everything
gathered in the Model Argument
Evidence: Dorothy note-catcher.
• Essay uses transition words to connect
ideas.

Other things to think about:

• the way the documents and their information are organized
• the tone and formality of the documents
• the role of the anchor text in the documents

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

Entrance Ticket: Unit 3, Lesson 1

RI.6.1, W.6.1, W.6.10

Name: Date:

Directions: As you enter class, read the learning targets. Next, read the Model Argument Essay:
“Dorothy” and look at the Model Argument Evidence: Dorothy note-catcher. Compare and
contrast the connections you see between the two documents.

Similarities Differences

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1 

Entrance Ticket: Unit 3, Lesson 1

RI.6.1, W.6.1, W.6.10

Name: Date:

Directions: As you enter class, read the learning targets. Next, read the Model Argument Essay:
“Dorothy” and look at the Model Argument Evidence: Dorothy note-catcher. Compare and
contrast the connections you see between the two documents.

Similarities Differences

 Both address the same prompt.  Essay is written in sentences and

paragraphs and in a formal tone.
 Both state a claim and...

Other things to think about:

 the way the documents and their information are organized
 the tone and formality of the documents
 the role of the anchor text in the documents

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

Model Argument Essay: “Dorothy”

Name: Date:

Focus Question: Why are Dorothy Vaughan’s accomplishments remarkable?

When recalling America’s race to put an astronaut on the

moon, history often overlooks Dorothy Vaughan. She, along
with the other women of the segregated West Area
Computing Unit, worked on projects that made airplanes
faster and more stable, which helped the United States
during World War II. Then she was promoted to supervisor
of the West Computers. She led the women whose work
would make space travel possible. As a brilliant
mathematician and one of the first black women to work for
NASA as a “computer,” Dorothy’s accomplishments deserve
to be remembered. Her accomplishments were remarkable
because they led to major advancements in air travel and
because they took place despite tremendous obstacles.

Dorothy’s skills and hard work were very important in

helping change the face of air travel. When Dorothy first
started working at Langley, the laboratory was doing
extensive research in aerodynamics. Langley was trying to
help the United States military by developing airplanes that
were stronger, faster, and more stable than any planes in
other countries (52). Dorothy was inspired by this work. She
took an engineering physics course, participated in training,
and did much independent studying and homework (51).
She thought all day about what made planes fly (51). Her

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

calculations and data were sent directly to engineers, “who

used them to improve airplane designs” (56). Dorothy’s
mathematical brain and her commitment to learning were
outstanding, and her work had a direct impact on the future
of airplanes and aeronautics.

Dorothy achieved all this despite major obstacles, which

makes her accomplishments even more remarkable. In the
early 1940s, when Dorothy began her work at Langley, black
women were horribly discriminated against. They were
given fewer educational and professional opportunities. In
1940, only two percent of black women earned college
degrees, and sixty percent of those graduates became
teachers (41). Teaching was one of the few professions
available to women of any color. The few women able to
find math jobs outside of teaching were not considered
“mathematicians.” Instead they were labeled “sub-
professionals” and were paid less than men who did the
same work (13). At this time in history, “it was unthinkable
for a man to report to a woman” (74). Black women like
Dorothy were not even allowed to eat in the same cafeteria
as the white women with the same job (42). Nonetheless, in
1949, Dorothy was promoted to supervisor of the West Area
computing pool. She was the first black woman to ever have
a supervisor role at the laboratory (74). To get a leadership
position at a time of such discrimination against black
women is a remarkable accomplishment, and Dorothy was a
remarkable woman.

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

As an employee of NASA and a member of the West Area

Computers, Dorothy was part of an exclusive group of black
women who were pioneers in space science. Dorothy’s work
led to major advancements in a new, exciting field. Her
scientific and mathematical accomplishments are truly
remarkable. The fact that she was able to accomplish such
things despite such cruelty and discrimination against her
makes her accomplishments even more worthy of
admiration. The history of NACA and space science is
incomplete without acknowledgment of Dorothy Vaughan’s
remarkable accomplishments.

Source: Shetterly, Margot Lee. Hidden Figures (Young Readers’ Edition). HarperCollins, 2016.

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

Model Argument Evidence: Dorothy

Note-Catcher

RI.6.1, RI.6.3, W.6.1, W.6.9b, W.6.10

(Answers for Teacher Reference)

Directions: As you read about Dorothy Vaughan, keep track of her distinct accomplishments by
adding each to the first column. Explain why this particular accomplishment is remarkable in
the second column. Gather and cite specific evidence from the text as appropriate for both
columns. You will be revising and adding to this note-catcher throughout Unit 3 to help you
eventually be able to make a claim in response to the focus question.

Focus Question: Why are Dorothy Vaughan’s accomplishments remarkable?

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

What are her remarkable Why are these accomplishments

accomplishments? remarkable?
Vaughan was one of the first African Racial discrimination was common,
American women to be hired by NACA as a limiting, and oppressive. Yet, Dorothy was
computer. brave in applying for the job and
persevered despite discrimination within
• Separate bathrooms and areas in the
the workplace.
cafeteria were labeled for white
people only (42).
• West Computers felt they “needed to
be twice as good to get half as far as
their white counterparts” (46).
• She had proven herself a hard worker
and an accurate computer. But
segregation laws kept her from being
treated with the respect she had
earned.

Vaughan applied for the computer job Vaughan helped prove that women were
even though she already had what was better at computing than the male
considered one of the best jobs a black engineers. Women could aspire to any job
woman could get (24). they wanted.
• Only two percent of black women
earned college degrees. Sixty percent
of black female graduates became
teachers (41).
• The few women able to find math jobs
outside of teaching were not
considered “mathematicians.” Instead
they were labeled “sub-professionals”
and were paid less (13).

Vaughan contributed to developing The work she contributed to was

airplanes that were stronger, faster, and significant to the US’s World War II efforts
more stable than any planes in other and success against the powerful forces of
countries. Germany, Japan, and Italy.
• Her calculations and data were sent • Even the NACA director at the time
directly to engineers, “who used them said, “There is no one in the laboratory
to improve airplane designs” (56). who should feel that he or she did not
have a part in the bombing of Japan”
• Vaughan’s advanced knowledge of
(56).
mathematics contributed to America’s

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

What are her remarkable Why are these accomplishments

accomplishments? remarkable?
victory in World War II (56–57).
• Vaughan analyzed the data that helped
engineers create war planes that were
faster, more stable, and could carry
more bombs (52).
• She took the initiative to sign up for an
engineering physics course, participate
in training, and do her own
independent studying and homework
(51).

Vaughan was the first black woman to be Gender discrimination at the time was
promoted to a management position at common, limiting, and oppressive.
NASA. • At the time “it was unthinkable for a
• She was the first black woman to ever man to report to a woman” (74).
have a supervisor role at the
laboratory (74).
• Her work was accurate, she did not
complain, and she made an excellent
leader. Vaughan was consistently given
excellent reviews by her bosses (68).

1. Review your notes in the second column. What are two possible reasons/points you could
use to support a claim about why Dorothy Vaughan’s accomplishments are remarkable?
Remember, you might have to look across the explanations in the second column for
trends or ways to generalize from the specifics to find the wording for your reasons.

Responses will vary, but may include: major advancements in air travel; overcame major
obstacles to success.

2. Draft a possible claim statement by incorporating your two reasons/points:

Responses will vary, but may include: Dorothy Vaughan’s accomplishments are
remarkable because they led to major advancements in air travel and because they took
place despite tremendous obstacles.

Source: Shetterly, Margot Lee. Hidden Figures (Young Readers’ Edition). HarperCollins, 2016.

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

Model Argument Evidence:

Dorothy Note-Catcher

RI.6.1, RI.6.3, W.6.1, W.6.9b, W.6.10

Name: Date:
Directions: As you read about Dorothy Vaughan, keep track of her distinct accomplishments by
adding each to the first column. Explain why this particular accomplishment is remarkable in
the second column. Gather and cite specific evidence from the text as appropriate for both
columns. You will be revising and adding to this note-catcher throughout Unit 3 to help you
eventually be able to make a claim in response to the focus question.

Focus Question: Why are Dorothy Vaughan’s accomplishments remarkable?

What are her remarkable Why are these accomplishments

accomplishments? remarkable?

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© 2019 EL Education Inc.
Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

What are her remarkable Why are these accomplishments

accomplishments? remarkable?

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© 2019 EL Education Inc.
Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

What are her remarkable Why are these accomplishments

accomplishments? remarkable?

1. Review your notes in the second column. What are two possible reasons/points you could
use to support a claim about why Dorothy Vaughan’s accomplishments are remarkable?
Remember, you might have to look across the explanations in the second column for trends
or ways to generalize from the specifics to find the wording for your reasons.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Draft a possible claim statement by incorporating your two reasons/points:

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

Model Argument Essay: Introduction Chunks

Note to Teacher: Make copies and cut the model essay introduction into four sections.

When recalling America’s race to put an astronaut on the

moon, history often overlooks Dorothy Vaughan. She, along
with the other women of the segregated West Area Computing
Unit, worked on projects that made airplanes faster and more
stable, which helped the United States during World War II.
Then she was promoted to supervisor of the West Computers.
She led the women whose work would make space travel
possible.

As a brilliant mathematician and one of the first black women

to work for NASA as a “computer,” Dorothy’s accomplishments
deserve to be remembered.

Her accomplishments were remarkable because they led to

major advancements in air travel . . .

. . . and because they took place despite tremendous obstacles.

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

Painted Model Argument Essay

(Example for Teacher Reference)

Why are Dorothy Vaughan’s accomplishments remarkable?

When recalling America’s race to put an astronaut on the moon, history often overlooks
Dorothy Vaughan. She, along with the other women of the segregated West Area Computing
Unit, worked on projects that made airplanes faster and more stable, which helped the United
States during World War II. Then she was promoted to supervisor of the West Computers. She
led the women whose work would make space travel possible. As a brilliant mathematician and
one of the first black women to work for NASA as a “computer,” Dorothy’s accomplishments
deserve to be remembered. Her accomplishments were remarkable because they led to major
advancements in air travel and because they took place despite tremendous obstacles.
Dorothy’s skills and hard work were very important in helping change the face of air travel.
When Dorothy first started working at Langley, the laboratory was doing extensive research in
aerodynamics. Langley was trying to help the United States military by developing airplanes
that were stronger, faster, and more stable than any planes in other countries (52). Dorothy
was inspired by this work. She took an engineering physics course, participated in training, and
did much independent studying and homework (51). She thought all day about what made
planes fly (51). Her calculations and data were sent directly to engineers, “who used them to
improve airplane designs” (56). Dorothy’s mathematical brain and her commitment to learning
were outstanding, and her work had a direct impact on the future of airplanes and aeronautics.
Dorothy achieved all this despite major obstacles, which makes her accomplishments even
more remarkable. In the early 1940s, when Dorothy began her work at Langley, black women
were horribly discriminated against. They were given fewer educational and professional
opportunities. In 1940, only two percent of black women earned college degrees, and sixty
percent of those graduates became teachers (41). Teaching was one of the few professions
available to women of any color. The few women able to find math jobs outside of teaching
were not considered “mathematicians.” Instead they were labeled “sub-professionals” and
were paid less than men who did the same work (13). At this time in history, “it was
unthinkable for a man to report to a woman” (74). Black women like Dorothy were not even
allowed to eat in the same cafeteria as the white women with the same job (42). Nonetheless,
in 1949, Dorothy was promoted to supervisor of the West Area computing pool. She was the
first black woman to ever have a supervisor role at the laboratory (74). To get a leadership

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

position at a time of such discrimination against black women is a remarkable accomplishment,

and Dorothy was a remarkable woman.
As an employee of NASA and a member of the West Area Computers, Dorothy was part of an
exclusive group of black women who were pioneers in space science. Dorothy’s work led to
major advancements in a new, exciting field. Her scientific and mathematical accomplishments
are truly remarkable. The fact that she was able to accomplish such things despite such cruelty
and discrimination against her makes her accomplishments even more worthy of admiration.
The history of NACA and space science is incomplete without acknowledgment of Dorothy
Vaughan’s remarkable accomplishments.

Source: Shetterly, Margot Lee. Hidden Figures (Young Readers’ Edition). HarperCollins, 2016.

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

Annotated Model Argument Essay

(Example for Teacher Reference)

Focus Question: Why are Dorothy Vaughan’s accomplishments remarkable?
Use all relevant rows on the Grade 6 Argument Writing rubric and the sample response below
to assess student writing.
Sample Proficient Response: Scorepoint 3, for Teacher Reference:

W.6.1d, W.6.4: Formal style is

established and maintained.

W.6.1a: The claim is introduced.

Context on the text is given; claim is
clearly communicated, and the focus is
maintained.

W.6.1a: The first reason and its

evidence are organized clearly.

W.6.1b: Claims are supported with

clear reasons and relevant evidence
from the text.

L.6.2: Adequate use of the conventions

of standard English capitalization,
punctuation, and spelling is evident.

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

When recalling America’s race to put an astronaut on

the moon, history often overlooks Dorothy Vaughan.
She, along with the other women of the segregated
West Area Computing Unit, worked on projects that
made airplanes faster and more stable, which helped
the United States during World War II. Then she was
promoted to supervisor of the West Computers. She
led the women whose work would make space travel
possible. As a brilliant mathematician and one of the
first black women to work for NASA as a “computer,”
Dorothy’s accomplishments deserve to be
remembered. Her accomplishments were remarkable
because they led to major advancements in air travel
and because they took place despite tremendous
obstacles.
Dorothy’s skills and hard work were very important in
helping change the face of air travel. When Dorothy
first started working at Langley, the laboratory was
doing extensive research in aerodynamics. Langley was
trying to help the United States military by developing
airplanes that were stronger, faster, and more stable
than any planes in other countries (52). Dorothy was
inspired by this work. She took an engineering physics
course, participated in training, and did much
independent studying and homework (51). She
thought all day about what made planes fly (51). Her
calculations and data were sent directly to engineers,
“who used them to improve airplane designs” (56).
Dorothy’s mathematical brain and her commitment to
learning were outstanding, and her work had a direct
impact on the future of airplanes and aeronautics.

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

Dorothy achieved all this despite major obstacles,

W.6.1a: The second reason and its
which makes her accomplishments even more
evidence is organized clearly.
remarkable. In the early 1940s, when Dorothy began
her work at Langley, black women were horribly
discriminated against. They were given fewer
educational and professional opportunities. In 1940,
only two percent of black women earned college W.6.1b: Claims are supported with
clear reasons and relevant evidence
degrees, and sixty percent of those graduates became from the text.
teachers (41). Teaching was one of the few professions
available to women of any color. The few women able
to find math jobs outside of teaching were not
considered “mathematicians.” Instead they were
labeled “sub-professionals” and were paid less than
W.6.1c, L.6.6: Words, phrases, and
men who did the same work (13). At this time in
clauses are consistently used to clarify
history, “it was unthinkable for a man to report to a the relationships among claim(s) and
woman” (74). Black women like Dorothy were not even reasons.
allowed to eat in the same cafeteria as the white
women with the same job (42). Nonetheless, in 1949,
Dorothy was promoted to supervisor of the West Area
computing pool. She was the first black woman to ever
have a supervisor role at the laboratory (74). To get a
leadership position at a time of such discrimination
against black women is a remarkable accomplishment,
and Dorothy was a remarkable woman. W.6.1e: Concluding statement follows
from the argument presented.
As an employee of NASA and a member of the West
Area Computers, Dorothy was part of an exclusive
group of black women who were pioneers in space RI.6.1, W.6.9: A clear understanding of
the text is demonstrated by developing
science. Dorothy’s work led to major advancements in
a valid claim supported by logical
a new, exciting field. Her scientific and mathematical reasons and evidence from the text.
accomplishments are truly remarkable. The fact that
she was able to accomplish such things despite such
cruelty and discrimination against her makes her
accomplishments even more worthy of admiration.
The history of NACA and space science is incomplete
without acknowledgment of Dorothy Vaughan’s
remarkable accomplishments.

Source: Shetterly, Margot Lee. Hidden Figures (Young Readers’ Edition). HarperCollins, 2016.

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

5-Minute Mini Language Dive Guide

RI.6.1, W.6.1a, W.6.1c, SL.6.1

(For Teacher Reference)

Sentence
Her accomplishments were remarkable because they led to major advancements in air travel
and because they took place despite tremendous obstacles. (from the introduction of the
Model Argument Essay: “Dorothy”)

Lesson 1 Placement
Lead this Mini Language Dive after students analyze the model argument essay in Work Time A.

Rationale
 Guiding Question and Focus Standards: The sentence helps students respond to the guiding
question (What were the accomplishments of the “hidden figures” at NACA, and why
were they remarkable?) and address W.6.1a by presenting two reasons to support the claim
that Dorothy Vaughan’s accomplishments were remarkable. This sentence also helps students
address W.6.1c by featuring conjunctions (because) to clarify the relationship between the
model essay’s main claim and its reasons. Supporting standards: RI.6.1, SL.6.1.
 Language Structure: This sentence is compelling because it features multiple clauses and
because it uses conjunctions and prepositions (despite).
 Transfer: Students can use the Practice frame to develop the focus statements for their
collaborative essays about the hidden figures and for their independent essays about their
focus figures.

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

Deconstruct
 Display and read aloud the sentence: Her accomplishments were remarkable because they
led to major advancements in air travel and because they took place despite tremendous
obstacles.
 Ask:
“What is this sentence about?” (Responses will vary. Encourage and acknowledge all
responses.)
 Read aloud the focus structure: because they led to major advancements in air travel and
because they took place despite tremendous obstacles.
 Ask:
“What do you notice about this chunk?” (Responses will vary, but may include: this chunk
presents two reasons to support the main claims; the word because is used twice; there are
two dependent clauses separated by and.)
 Underline the two uses of the word because in the sentence, and invite students to do the
same on their note-catchers.
“What does the word because tell us about what comes next?” (The word because tells us
that what comes next is a reason or an explanation.)
“Can you figure out why the word because would likely be found in an argument essay
like this one?” (Argument essays feature a main claim, and claims require reasons to
prove that the claims are true. The word because signals that a reason is going to be given,
so it follows that because would be used to introduce reasons in an argument essay.)
“What do you notice about the structures that follow the word because in this sentence?”
(Responses will vary, but look for students to notice that complete sentences, or
independent clauses, follow each use of the word because. As needed, remind students that
independent clauses can stand alone and contain a subject [e.g., they] and a verb [e.g., led
to; took place].)

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

Reconstruct
 Read aloud the entire sentence on display: Her accomplishments were remarkable because
they led to major advancements in air travel and because they took place despite
tremendous obstacles.
 Ask:
“What adjectives do you see in this sentence? Underline them on your note-catcher.”
(remarkable, major, tremendous)
“How do these adjectives add to the idea that Dorothy’s accomplishments were
remarkable?” (These adjectives show how big and important Dorothy’s work was. Her
accomplishments were remarkable because they were challenging and had an impact.
These adjectives make it clear that Dorothy’s work was important and remarkable.)
“How can you use meaningful adjectives in your own focus statements to highlight how
remarkable Mary or Katherine’s accomplishments were?” (Responses will vary.)
“Now what do you think is the meaning of this sentence?” (Responses will vary.)
“How does the Language Dive add to your understanding of the guiding question:
What were the accomplishments of the ‘hidden figures’ at NACA, and why were they
remarkable?” (Responses will vary, but may include: This sentence includes specific
reasons that explain why the accomplishments were remarkable. In Dorothy’s case, her
accomplishments were remarkable because of their impact on airplanes and because of
their context.)
“How can you use a similar structure in your own argument essays?” (Responses will
vary, but may include that in our own argument essays, we can use the word because to
introduce the two reasons that we will use to support our main claims.)

Practice
 Display the sentence frame:
__________________’s accomplishments were remarkable because _________________
hidden figure’s name independent clause
and _____________________.
independent clause

 Say:
“Use this frame to talk about the remarkable accomplishments of either Mary Jackson or
Katherine Johnson. Use your own words and work with your collaborative writing
partners.”
 Responses will vary, but may include:
Katherine’s accomplishments are remarkable because they required profound courage
and because they led to huge advancements in the world of flight.

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Remarkable Accomplishments in Space Science Grade 6: Module 4: Unit 3: Lesson 1

5-Minute Mini Language Dive Note-Catcher

Name: Date:

Lesson 1

RI.6.1, W.6.1a, W.6.1c, SL.6.1

Sentence
Her accomplishments were remarkable because they led to major advancements in air travel
and because they took place despite tremendous obstacles. (from the introduction of the
Model Argument Essay: “Dorothy”)
Practice
_______________________________________’s accomplishments were remarkable because
hidden figure’s name

______________________________________________________________________________
independent clause

and __________________________________________________________________________
independent clause

_____________________________________________________________________________.

Lesson 3

RI.6.1, W.6.1a, W.6.1d, SL.6.1

Sentence
Dorothy’s skills and hard work were very important in helping change the face of air travel.
(from Proof Paragraph 1 of the Model Argument Essay: “Dorothy”)

Practice
____________________________________’s ________________________________________
hidden figure’s name noun phrase(s)

were very important in _______________________________________.

-ing phrase

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