Properties of Equality
Properties of Equality
•Ex: 1 + 9 = 9 + 1
Commutative Property
•Multiplication:
a·b=b·a
•Ex: 8 · 6 = 6 · 8
Associative Property
•The change in grouping of three or
more terms/factors does not
change their sum or product.
•“Associative” comes from
“associate” or “group”, so the
Associative Property is the one that
refers to grouping.
Associative Property
•Addition:
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
•Ex: 1 + (7 + 9) = (1 + 7) + 9
Associative Property
•Multiplication:
a · (b · c) = (a · b) · c
•Ex: 8 · (3 · 6) = (8 · 3) · 6
Distributive Property
•The product of a number and a
sum is equal to the sum of the
individual products of terms.
Distributive Property
• a · (b + c) = a · b + a · c
•Ex: 5 · (x + 6) = 5 · x + 5 · 6
Additive Identity Property
•The sum of any number and zero is
always the original number.
•Adding nothing does not change
the original number.
•a + 0 = a
•Ex: 4 + 0 = 4
Multiplicative Identity
Property
•The product of any number and
one is always the original number.
•Multiplying by one does not
change the original number.
•a · 1 = a
•Ex: 2 · 1 = 2
Additive Inverse Property
•The sum of a number and its
inverse (or opposite) is equal to
zero.
•a + (-a) = 0
•Ex: 2 + (-2) = 0
Multiplicative Inverse
Property
•The product of any number and its
reciprocal is equal to 1.
a b
• b • a =1
•Ex: 4 • 5 =1
5 4
Multiplicative Property of
Zero
•The product of any number and
zero is always zero.
•a · 0 = 0
•Ex: 298 · 0 = 0
Exponential Property of
Equality
• a = a , then b = c
b c
x 4
•Ex: 2 = 2 , then x = 4
M-A-T-H-O
Homework
Worksheet