EXERCISE–04 [A] SUBJECTIVE LEVEL-I

EL AS TICIT Y
1. The stress versus strain graphs for two materials A and B are shown.
Explain
(i) Which material has greater Young's modulus ?
(ii) Which material is more ductile ?
(iii) Which material is more brittle ?
(iv) Which of the two is the stronger material ?

2. Two different types of rubber are found to have the stress–strain curves as shown in figure.

(i)

IR
A heavy machine is to be installed in a factory. To absorb vibrations of the machine, a block of rubber
is placed between the machinery and the floor. Which of the two rubbers A and B would you prefer

S
to use for this purpose ? Why ?
(ii) Which of the two rubber materials would you choose for a car tyre ?
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3. The maximum stress that can be applied to the material of a wire used to suspend an elevator is × 108


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N/m2. If the mass of elevator is 900 kg and it move up with an acceleration 2.2 m/s2 than calculate the minimum
radius of the wire..

5.
NK
Two wires of diameter 0.25 cm, one made of steel and other made of brass are loaded

as shown in figure. The unloaded length of steel wire is 1.5 m and that of brass wire

is 1.0 m. Young's modulus of steel is 2.0 × 10 11 Pa and that of brass is 0.91 × 10 11

Pa. Calculate the elongation of steel and brass wires. (1 Pa = 1 Nm –2)

A steel rope has length L, area of cross–section A, Young's modulus Y. [Density =d]
(i) It is pulled on a horizontal frictionless floor with a constant horizontal force F = [dALg]/2 applied at
one end. Find the strain at the midpoint.
(ii) If the steel rope is vertical and moving with the force acting vertically up at the upper end. Find the
strain at distance L/3 from lower end.

6. If a compressive force of 3.0 × 10 4 N is exerted on the end of a 20 cm long bone of cross–sectional area
3.6 cm2. (i) Will the bone break and (ii) if not, by how much length does it shorten? Given compressive strength of bone
= 7.7 × 108 N/m2 and young's modulus of bone = 1.5 × 1010 N/m2.

7. A light rod of length 2m is suspended from the ceiling horizontally by means of two vertical wires of equal length tied
to its ends. One of the wires is made of steel and is of cross–sectional area 0.1sq. cm and the other is of brass of
cross–sectional area 0.2 sq. cm. Find out the position along the rod at which a weight may be hung to produce equal
stresses in both wires. : Y for steel = 20 × 1011 dyne cm–2 and Y for brass = 10 × 1011 dyne m–2.

S U R FACE T ENS ION

8. PQRS is a rectangular frame of copper wire shown in figure the side RS of the frame is movable. If a soap
film is formed on it then what is the diameter of the wire to maintain equilibrium (Given surface tension of
soap solution = 0.045 N/m and density of copper = 8.96 × 103 kg/m3)
9. The pressure of air in a soap bubble of 0.7 cm diameter is 8 mm of water above the atmospheric pressure.
Calculate the surface tension of soap solution. (Take g = 980 cm/sec 2)

10. Two soap bubbles whose radii are R 1 and R 2 coalesce to form a new bubble (Isothermally). Whose radius is R. If
change in volume of air inside bubble is V and change in area of whole surface is S, then show that 3PV + 4ST = 0
where P is the atmospheric pressure and T is the surface tension of the soap solution.
11. The capillary tube is dipped in water vertically. It is sufficiently long so that water rises to maximum height
h in the tube. The length of the portion immersed in water is  > h. The lower end of the tube is closed,

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the tube is taken out and opened again. Then, find the length of the water column remaining in the tube.

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12. T here is soap bubble of radius 2.4 × 10 –4 m in air c ylinder which is originally at the pre ssure of
105 N/m2. The air in the cylinder is now compressed isothermally until the radius of the bubble is halved.
Calculate now the pressure of air in the cylinder. The surface tension of the soap film is 0.08 Nm –1.

F LU ID S TAT ICS

13.

14.

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A hydraulic automobile lift is designed to lift cars with a maximum mass of 3000 kg. The area of cross–
section of the piston carrying the load is 425 cm 2. What maximum pressure would the piston have to bear?
(taking g = 10 m/s 2 )
For the system shown in the figure, the cylinder on the left at L has a mass of 600 kg and a cross sectional
area of 800 cm 2. The piston on the right, at S, has cross sectional area 25 cm 2 and negligible weight. If the
apparatus is filled with oil (  =0.75 gm/cm 3) Find the force F required to hold the system in equilibrium.

F
S

8m
600kg

h
15. A piston of mass M=3kg and radius R=4cm has a hole into which a thin pipe of radius

r= 1cm is inserted. The piston can enter a cylinder tightly and without friction, and initially

it is at the bottom of the cylinder. 750 gm of water is now poured into the pipe so that H

the piston & pipe are lifted up as shown. Find the height H of water in the cylinder and

height h of water in the pipe.

17. Two identical cylindrical vessels with their bases at the same level each contain a liquid of densit y . The height
of the liquid in one vessel is h 1 and in the other is h 2. The area of either base is A. What is the work done
by gravity in equalising the levels when the two vessels are connected ?

18. A tube of uniform cross–section has two vertical portions connected with a horizontal thin tube 8 cm long
at their lower ends. Enough water to occupy 22 cm of the tube is poured into one branch and enough oil
of specific gravity 0.8 to occupy 22 cm is poured into the other. Find the position of the common surface
E of the two liquids.

19.

IR
Two U–tube manometers are connected in series as shown in figure. Determine difference of pressure between
X and Y. Take specific gravity of mercury as 13.6

X water
water

S water

KC
175cm
112cm
75cm 88cm
150cm

20.

N Air
Mercury

The container shown below holds kerosene and air as indicated. Compute the pressure at P, Q, R and S
in KN/m 2. Take specific gravity of kerosene as 0.8

Air Air Air

Q 3m

1.5m 2.5m

R
3m

Kerosene
Kerosene
21. A light metal stick of square cross–section ( 5 cm × 5cm) and length '4m' mass 2.5 kg and is shown in the figure
below. Determine its angle of inclination when the water surface is 1m above the hinge. What minimum depth
of water above high will be required to bring the metal stick in vertical position.

Light stick

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
(50 kg)

1m


22. A metallic plate having shape of a square is suspended as shown in figure. The plate is made to dip in
water such that level of water is well above that of the plate. The point 'x' is then slowly raised at constant
velocity. Sketch the variation of tension T in string with the displacement 'S' of point x.

R
x

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23. A block weight 15 N in air and 12 N when immersed in water. Find the specific gravity of block.

24. A wooden plank of length 1m and uniform cross–section is hinged at one end to the bottom of a tank as

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shown in figure. The tank is filled with water upto a height 0.5 m. The specific gravity of the plank is 0.5.
Find the angle  that the plank makes with the vertical in the equilibrium position. (exclude the cos  = 0°).

25. N 

A glass beaker is placed partially filled with water in a sink. It has a mass of 390 gm and an interior volume
of 500 cm 3. When water starts filling the sink, it is found that if beaker is less than half full it will float.
But if it is more than half full, it remains on the bottom of the sink, as the water rises to its rim. What
is the density of the material of which the beaker is made ?

F L UID DY NAMICS
2 6 . A non–viscous liquid of constant density 1000 kg/m3 flows in streamline motion along a tube of variable cross–
section. The tube is kept inclined in the vertical plane as shown in the figure. The area of cross–section of
the tube at two points P and Q at height of 2 m and 5m metres are respectively 4 × 10–3 m2 and 8 × 10–3 m2. The
velocity of the liquid at point P is 1 m/s. Find the work done per unit volume by the pressure and the gravity forces
as the fluid flows from point P to Q.

P
5m
2m
27. A large open top container of negligible mass and uniform cross–sectional area A has a small holes of cross–sectional
A
area in its side wall near the bottom. The container contains a liquid of density  and mass m0. Assuming
100
that the liquid starts flowing out horizontally through the hole at t = 0. Calculate :
(i) the acceleration of the container and
(ii) its velocity when 75% of the liquid has drained out.

28. The diagram shows venturimeter through which water is flowing. The speed of water at X is 2 cm/sec. Find
the speed of water at Y (taking g = 1000 cm/sec 2).

5.1mm

R
8

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29. A siphon has a uniform circular base of diameter cm with its crest A 1.8 m above water level as in fig-

ure. Find (i) velocity of flow (ii) discharge rate of the flow in m 3/sec (iii) absolute pressure at the crest level A.
[Use P 0 = 10 5 N/m 2 & g = 10 m/s 2 ]

1.8m
A

S
C
3.6m

K
30. A syringe containing water is held horizontally with its nozzle at a height h above the ground as shown in
fig. The cross–sectional areas of the piston and the nozzle are A and a respectively. The piston is pushed
with a constant speed v. Find the horizontal range R of the stream of water on the ground.

N v

31. In a movable container shown in figure a liquid of density  is filled up to a height h. The upper & lower tube
cross sectional areas are A2 & A1 respectively (A2 >> A1). If the liquid leaves out the container through the tube
of cross–sectional area A 1 then find –

(i) Velocity of liquid coming out. (ii) Backward acceleration of the container.
32. A large tank is filled with two liquids of specific gravities 2 and  . Two holes are made on the wall of the tank
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as shown. Find the ratio of the distance from O of the points on the ground where the jets from holes A & B strike.

h/4 A
h/2 

h/2 
h/4 B
O

V I S CO S I T Y

33. A flask contains glycerine and the other contains water. Both are stirred vigorously and placed on the table.
In which flask will the liquid come to rest earlier and why ?

34. There is a 1mm thick layer of glycerine between a flat plate of area 100 cm 2 and a big plate. If the coefficient
of viscosity of glycerine is 1.0 kg/m–sec, then how much force is required to move the plate with a velocity
of 7 cm/sec.

35.

IR
A spherical ball of radius 3 × 10–4 m and density 104 kg/m3 falls freely under gravity through a distance h before entering
a tank of water. If after entering the water the velocity of the ball does not change, find h. The viscosity of water is
9.8 × 10–6 N–s/m2.

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E X E RC I S E – 4 ( A )

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1. (i) A (ii) A (iii) B (iv) A 2. (i) B (ii) A
ANSWER K EY
3. 6 mm

N
dgL dgL
4. Steel wire : 1.49 × 10–4m, Brass wire : 1.31 × 10–4 m 5. (i) (ii) 6. (i) No (ii) 1.11 mm
4Y 6Y
4
7. m from steel wire 8. 1.14 mm 9. 68.6 dyne/cm 11. 2h
3
12. 8.08 × 105 N/m2 13. 7.06 × 105 Pa 14. 37.5 N
2
11 2  h1  h 2 
15. H  m, h m 16. 10.34 m 17.  A g   18. BE = 6 cm
32    2 
19. 248 kN/m 2 20. P P =124.9 kN/m 2, P Q = 89.5 kN/m 2 , P R = 89.5 kN/m 2, P S = 46.4 kN/m 2

21.   30 0 depth of water  2m 22. T 23.5 24. 450 25 . 2.78

m0
26. + 29625 J/m 3, – 30000 J/m 3 27. (i) 0.2 m/s 2 (ii) 2g 28. 32 cm/s
A

Av 2h
–3 3 4 2
29. (i) 6 2 m/s, (ii) 9.6 2 × 10 m /s (iii) 4.6 × 10 N/m 30. R =
a g

2gA 1
31. (i) v =  2gh  (ii) a = A2 32. 3: 2 33. Glycerine Flask 34. 0.7 N 35. 1.65 × 103 m