GSM-R

GSM-R

 Introduction to GSM-R Introduction to GSM-R Railway Applications Railway Applications Network Features & Functions Network Features & Functions Vendors Solution Vendors Solution

GSM-R

GSM-R specificity

Private networks dedicated to Railway operators Private networks dedicated to Railway operators High speed trains communications : up to 500 High speed trains communications : up to 500 km/h km/h Cab radio : train mounted terminals Cab radio : train mounted terminals New features supported to meet Railway New features supported to meet Railway operators needs operators needs

Separate frequency band Separate frequency band

GSM-R

Issues with the current architecture

Multiple communication Multiple communication systems needed for systems needed for different applications different applications Different frequencies Different frequencies utilized utilized Multiple country Multiple country standards standards High Training, High Training, Operation & Operation & Maintenance costs Maintenance costs Low spectrum Low spectrum efficiency, efficiency, increases costs increases costs Limited support for Limited support for cross-border traffic cross-border traffic

Lower cost solutions required Lower cost solutions required

GSM-R
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GSM-R Definition
UIC UIC Requirements developed for a Requirements developed for a new common communication new common communication standard for the railways standard for the railways

ETSI ETSI

EIRENE EIRENE

GSM selected as preferred GSM selected as preferred standard standard

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS PARTNERS

MORANE MORANE

In charge of development & In charge of development & testing of a GSM-R system testing of a GSM-R system based on EIRENEs defined based on EIRENEs defined specifications specifications

GSM-R, Ready for deployment GSM-R, Ready for deployment

GSM-R
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GSM-R frequencies

20 GSM channels available for GSM-R frequencies

45 MHz
E-GSM E-GSM

R-

GSM

R-

GSM

876 880
4 MHz 10 MHz

890
25 MHz

915

921 925
4 MHz 10 MHz

935
25 MHz

960

f/MHz

Uplink

Downlink

GSM-R Terminals

GSM-R

GSM-R Advantages
Common Standard technology Common Standard technology Lower infrastructure costs Lower infrastructure costs Interoperability with international networks Interoperability with international networks Benefits from global GSM R&D program Benefits from global GSM R&D program and economies of scale and economies of scale Simplified maintenance Simplified maintenance High Reliability High Reliability Improved responsiveness Improved responsiveness Reduced licence fees Reduced licence fees Reduced training costs Reduced training costs Improved operational efficiency Improved operational efficiency Improved passengers satisfaction Improved passengers satisfaction New revenue generation source New revenue generation source

Shared infrastructure Shared infrastructure Centralized OA&M Centralized OA&M Single frequency utilization Single frequency utilization Standard applications Standard applications with common interface with common interface

New passengers applications New passengers applications

EIRENEs business case identified GSM-R as the EIRENEs business case identified GSM-R as the most appropriate technology most appropriate technology
GSM-R
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 Introduction to GSM-R Introduction to GSM-R Railway Applications Railway Applications Network Features & Functions Network Features & Functions Nortels Solution Nortels Solution

GSM-R

Track to train communications

DMS-MSC

Data Network

VOICE

Controller - Driver Communications :: Controller - Driver Communications

provide communications between the provide communications between the controller(s) and driver to control and controller(s) and driver to control and enhance the safety of train movements. enhance the safety of train movements. Sending of Position Information Sending of Position Information Messages from the Train to the TCC Messages from the Train to the TCC Sending of Movement Authority Sending of Movement Authority Messages from Train Control Center Messages from Train Control Center to Train to Train

Automatic Train Control Automatic Train Control

is the process by which the movement is the process by which the movement of a train is influenced without any of a train is influenced without any action by the driver action by the driver

Remote Control supports Remote Control supports bidirectional data flow between bidirectional data flow between fixed center and the train fixed center and the train

Air conditioning Air conditioning Brake testing equipment Brake testing equipment Fixed installations such as points or Fixed installations such as points or level crossing barraries level crossing barraries
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GSM-R

Emergency Area Broadcast

DMS-MSC

Emergency Area Broadcast is required to alert other railway staff in a specific area of an emergency situation. The feature supports: Fast Call Setup Area definition Single emergency key stroke: Red button Origination from controllers or other wireline subscribers, train driver, shunting, trackside worker or any other type of user at risk

Voice

GSM-R

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Shunting and Trackside Maintenance

Shunting Shunting

Communications between: Communications between: shunting leader shunting leader shunting driver shunting driver other shunting team members other shunting team members signal man (fixed network) signal man (fixed network) shunting manager (fixed network) shunting manager (fixed network) train controller (fixed network) train controller (fixed network)

Trackside Maintenance Trackside Maintenance

Voice group calls between workers at a site Voice group calls between workers at a site Wide area communication: workers at a site, Wide area communication: workers at a site, distant workers or fixed network positions distant workers or fixed network positions (controllers, stations, technical department,..) (controllers, stations, technical department,..) Supports automatic track warning systems Supports automatic track warning systems
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GSM-R

And other services ...

Voice communication support for on board Voice communication support for on board Staff to increase efficiency of operations Staff to increase efficiency of operations Train support Communications Train support Communications Customer support services: public Customer support services: public addresses by voice, seat reservation, addresses by voice, seat reservation, timetables timetables Revenue generating Data services eg. Revenue generating Data services eg. Ticketing and information services Ticketing and information services Local communications at Local communications at stations and depots stations and depots

General radio General radio Track side, non train-originated Track side, non train-originated communication (eg. Road vehicles, track communication (eg. Road vehicles, track inspectors, railway police, access to inspectors, railway police, access to private network or PSTN) private network or PSTN) Railroad maintenance communication Railroad maintenance communication Coin operated telephone or telefax Coin operated telephone or telefax communication for on board passengers communication for on board passengers Access to the Internet Access to the Internet

Wide Area Communications Wide Area Communications

Passenger services Passenger services

GSM-R

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Covered Areas
Railways Train Stations

Copyright 1996 Northern Telecom

Tunnels

Railroad Depots

GSM-R

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 Introduction to GSM-R Introduction to GSM-R Railway Applications Railway Applications Network Features & Functions Network Features & Functions Nortels Solution Nortels Solution

GSM-R

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Network features and functions

Controller-Driver Operational Communications Automatic Train Control Remote Control Shunting Trackside Maintenance

Railway Applications

Emergency Area Broadcast Train Support Communications Local Communications at Station and Depots Wide Area Communications Passenger Services

Railway Operation Aspects Telecommunication Services - ASCI

Functional Addressing

Presentation of Functional Numbers

Access Matrix

Location Dependent Addressing

eMLPP

VBS GSM Infrastructure

VGCS

GSM-R

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GSM-R specific functions & features

Functional Addressing Presentation of Functional Numbers Access Matrix Location Dependent Addressing

Allows a user or an application to be reached by means of a number which identifies the relevant function and not the physical terminal Presents visual information about the call destination and origination via user to user signalling Provides access control within/among groups of users Provides the routing of mobile originated calls to the correct controller enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Preemption allowing resource preemption for priority calls Voice Broadcast Services allowing groups of users to receive common information Voice Group Call Service allowing groups of users to make calls within/among the groups

Railway Operation Aspects

Telecommunication Services Advanced speech call items (ASCI)

eMLPP VBS VGCS

Dedicated functions requiring reliability, speed and flexiblity Dedicated functions requiring reliability, speed and flexiblity
GSM-R
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Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption Service

Priority Levels

Pre-emption Capabilities

eMLPP service prevents network eMLPP service prevents network congestion while ensuring congestion while ensuring prioritized connection for prioritized connection for emergency situations and specific emergency situations and specific users. users. The eMLPP service consists of 2 The eMLPP service consists of 2 parts: parts: Precedence - assigns a priority Precedence - assigns a priority level for call setup and call level for call setup and call continuity in case of handover. continuity in case of handover. Pre-emption - in the absence of Pre-emption - in the absence of idle resources, a call of higher idle resources, a call of higher level precedence can seize the level precedence can seize the resources being used for a call resources being used for a call of lower precedence of lower precedence

eMLPP
Call Set-up Class Queuing

eMLpp service applies to: Point-to-point calls Voice Broadcast Service Voice Group Call Service

GSM-R

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Voice Broadcast Service

Voice Broadcast Service allows the Voice Broadcast Service allows the distribution of speech originated by: distribution of speech originated by:
GCA 3
VBS Originating Subscriber

a service subscriber a service subscriber a dispatcher a dispatcher

to all or a group of service to all or a group of service subscribers located in a pre-defined subscribers located in a pre-defined geographical area geographical area A standard full duplex channel is A standard full duplex channel is provided to the originator of VBS provided to the originator of VBS A Simplex channel is provided to the A Simplex channel is provided to the receiving subscribers receiving subscribers One common simplex downlink per One common simplex downlink per cell of the VBS Group Call Area is cell of the VBS Group Call Area is allocated for frequency efficiency allocated for frequency efficiency

GCA 2

GCA 1
Dispatcher

Dispatcher
GSM-R
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Voice Group Call Service

Shunting Leader Shunting Team Members

Voice Group Call Service allows a group of service subscribers in a pre-defined service area to have a speech conversation Voice Group Call Service includes all the functionalities in Voice Broadcast Service

Driver

Shunting Group Call

In addition, the originator can pass the full duplex channel to another subscriber Dispatchers involved in the group calls can talk at any moment, while service subscribers have to signal when they wish to talk
Dispatcher

GSM-R

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Functional Addressing
Functional # CFU MSISDN IMSI MSISDN

Functional HLR HLRm

Functional Addressing allows a user or an application to be reached by means of a number which identifies the relevant function and not the physical terminal The GSM features involved are: USSD for Registration, deregistration and interrogation of functional numbers Follow Me for call setup Functional HLR manages the mapping of Functional Number to MSISDN Functional numbers presentation using the end-toend supplementary service UUS1 (user-to-user signaling)
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GCR
GMSC MSC/VLR

Fixed Network

Controller
GSM-R

Controller calling a Functional Number to reach the driver on a specific train number

Location Dependent Addressing

Controller #1
Controller #2

ISDN

Location Dependent Addressing allows the routing of mobile originated calls to the correct controller by evaluating the mobile subscribers actual location at the time. Location Dependent Addressing will initially be based on the Cell Specific Routing procedures - Short code triggered Mobile originated calls are routed based on Cell Of Origin, as defined by EIRENE and MORANE. More accurate positioning of the train can be achieved by: External positional device IN based Location Dependent Addressing
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VLR

AUC

DMS-MSC DMS-

B B S S C C

DMS-HLR DMS-

2 MSC then routes the

call based on the Cell Identification, to the appropriate controller of that train area

B T S

B T S

originates a call using a specific Short Code

1 Train Driver

GSM-R

Access Matrix
Train Controler Train Controler Leading Driver Other Drivers Operations Support Train Prep & Supervision Systems Customer Support Systems Ticketing Leading Driver Other Drivers Operations Support Train Prep & Supervision Systems Customer Support Systems Ticketing

X X X X X

X X X

Each GSM-R functional call is screened to determine if a connection between the originators function and the terminators function is allowed according to the defined Access Matrix. For each originating function, the Access Matrix defines the terminating functions which allow connection. The originator Class Of Registration is stored in the HLRm function. The terminators Class of Registration (and function) is derived from the Railway Subscriber Number dialed digits

GSM-R

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 Nortel Overview Nortel Overview Introduction to GSM-R Introduction to GSM-R Railway Applications Railway Applications Network Features & Functions Network Features & Functions Vendors Solution Vendors Solution

GSM-R

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Infrastructure of the network

ServiceBuilder IN

OSS

SCP ServiceBuilder IN

SCE

OPTION

OMC-S

VMS

EIR

SMS B B S S C C

B T S

General purpose Radio Operational Radio B T S

OMC-R LAN

VLR

GCR

AUC

HLR B B S S C C

Data Server

B T S

CAB RADIO B T S B T S

MSC

Data Network Other EIRENE system

ATC Centers

PSTN/ PLMN/ Data Network/ ISDN

PABX
Dispatcher centers GSM-R
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BSS impact

RBS to be adapted to support RBS to be adapted to support GSM-R frequencies GSM-R frequencies ASCI feature ASCI feature

BSC to be adapted to support ASCI features : BSC to be adapted to support ASCI features : Group call management Group call management New channels management New channels management

GSM-R

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High Speed impacts

500 km/h
RXQUAL BER
Legend 1 Antenna corr. = 1 (sep=.01wl) corr. = .9 (sep=.5wl) corr. = .6 (sep=1wl) corr. = .2 (sep=9wl) corr. = .2 (sep=20wl)

7 6 5 4

1e-1

1e-2

3 2 1 0

1e-3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 (dB)

Eb/N0

Poor & saturated RxQual

RxQual follows signal strenght

High Speed affects signal quality High Speed affects signal quality Vendors antidistorsion algorithm enhances received signal quality Vendors antidistorsion algorithm enhances received signal quality
GSM-R
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High Speed Handover

10 km 500 km/h

1 Handover every 70 s

Handling of fast mobility within GSM-R networks: Handling of fast mobility within GSM-R networks: Early Hand-Over Decision Algorithm Early Hand-Over Decision Algorithm
GSM-R
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NSS impact
Group call management Maximum priority per subscriber (HLR) New element : Group Call Register (GCR) Contains information on group calls : group ID, a list of dispatchers, Group Call Area (GCA), priority associated to a broadcast call, etc.

VLR

GCR

AUC

HLR

DMS-MSC

Service Creation and Management Environment

IN based sulution to support

Functional Adressing Location Dependant Adressing Access Matrix Other IN services : VPN, Welcome to this Area, Location Inquiry (for location dependent information alert)

ServiceBuilderTM Intelligent Network

SCP SCP SCP (CSE) (CSE) (CSE)

SMC SMC SMC

GSM-R

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GSM-R Terminals
Track-to-Train radio, ATC, Data Redundant ATC access (2 ETCS Interfaces) Support of 2 cabs (driver positions) Driver can use Handheld when leaving cab General purpose radio Operational Radio Shunting

Cab Radio

Handsets

Trackside terminals

Using GALA terminals as trackside emergency phones

Integration of Railway specific features Can use the public GSM network as a fall-back
GSM-R
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Cab Radio System (Planned)

Track-to-Train radio, ATC, Data Communication (Remote Train Diag.) Track-to-Train radio, ATC, Data Communication (Remote Train Diag.) Redundant ATC access (2 ETCS Interfaces) Redundant ATC access (2 ETCS Interfaces) Support of 2 cabs (driver positions) for driver MMI Support of 2 cabs (driver positions) for driver MMI MMI based on MORANE/EIRENE guidelines MMI based on MORANE/EIRENE guidelines Driver can use Handheld (HH) when leaving cab for train inspection) Driver can use Handheld (HH) when leaving cab for train inspection) Compatibility with existing equipment (On-Board cabling,..) Compatibility with existing equipment (On-Board cabling,..)
Portable Cab Radio Cab #1 Portable Cab Radio Cab #2

MT
DV

MT
DV

MT
DV

EMS

HH

HH

RCS

Direction Switch Foreward Direction Switch Backward Parallel I/F Intercom / PA (UIC 568) Fax / Data Modem (RS 422) ETCS #1 ETCS #2

MT HH RCS D V PS. ETCS

PS1

PS2

Mobile Teminal Handheld Terminal Radio Channel Server Data Voice Power Supply European Train Control System EMS EIRENE Mobile Station

Event Recorder Service Interface

GSM-R

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Capacity and Dimensioning issues

MSC Capacity
3Processing and management of group calls Processing and management of group calls 3Priority level management Priority level management 3High percentage of IN calls High percentage of IN calls 3Group call management Group call management 3 Load depends on Group Call Area size Load depends on Group Call Area size 3Long Group calls (shunting) and ATC Long Group calls (shunting) and ATC 3 High percentage of data and IN calls High percentage of data and IN calls 3Mobility Mobility 3 Group calls :: 1 TCH per cell per call Group calls 1 TCH per cell per call 3 NCH :: impact on AGCH and PCH capability NCH impact on AGCH and PCH capability 3 Data calls Data calls 3Group Calls Group Calls 3IN calls IN calls
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BSC Capacity

New Call Profile

Air Interface

A - Interface
GSM-R

Future markets in Europe

Sweden 7 000 km

Germany 30 000 km

Benelux 3 000 km

France 13 000 km

Spain 5 000 km Switzerland

GSM-R

Austria 2 000 km Italy 1 000 km

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Mapping of applications to functions

Train Controller calling train driver Controller informing group of train or users in its area Train driver calling train contoller Functional addressing, eMLPP Functional addressing, eMLPP Voice Broadcast service Location dependent addressing eMLPP Multi-party call, eMLPP on-board wired system Voice Group Call Service, eMLPP (low priority) Voice Group Call Service, eMLPP (high priority) link assurance signal eMLPP with fast call setup, Voice Group Call Service eMLPP- Resource pre-emption

Driver communicating with other on-train drivers Preparation of shunting Conducting shunting movement

Emergency call (general, shunting,..)

High priority call; no ressources available in BSS

GSM-R

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