Reviewer IN: Practical Research 1
Reviewer IN: Practical Research 1
Reviewer IN: Practical Research 1
IN
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
-naturalistic observations.
Experience -surveys
b. Class-based projects.
Knowledge
- term papers
- Sought from other people who had experienced
what the problem is or some other sourcws of - service learning
expertise.
- community based learning
Why do Research
- will make you confident in In your ability to find
d. Out-of-the-class student/faculty
information & present it effectively in varied ways collaborative research
Only through research can new inventions come c. Environmental research - ensure
into life. sustainable food production
6. To understand arts
3. Formulate hypothesis
4. Design research
5. Collect data
7. Analyze data
LESSON 4: Difference between Quantitative Research
Quantitative and Qualitative Quantitative research is more often associated
Research with hard data. This research is used to quantify-
that is to put numerical equivalents to findings.
This type of research is not limited to
Similarities of Quantitative and mathematics. It quantifies altitudes, opinions,
behaviors and other defined variables and
Qualitative Research generalize results from a large sample of
populations It discusses the quantitative relation
You have examined and compared qualitative and between the participant's and the researcher.
quantitative categories of research. Further,
Bachman (2009) identifies the following
commonalities:
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research is primarily an exploratory
research. It is used to give an understanding of
underlying reasons opinions and motivations. It is
also used to uncover trends in thought and
opinions and dig deeper into the problem.
- is a type conducted for a problem that has not
LESSON 5: Types and Example been clearly defined. It helps determine the best
of Research in Different research design, data collection method and
Area/Field selection of subjects.
Historical Research
Types and Examples of Research
- is one involving analysis of events that occurred
Applied Research in the remote or recent past.
Exploratory Research
CHAPTER 2
LESSON 1: Kinds of Qualitative Films, Videos and Photographs - these
provide visual records of events, especially the
Research, Characteristics, films and videos which capture the perspective of
Uses, Strengths and the filmmaker or videographer.
Marshall and Rossman (1995) describe succinctly - It offers several avenues to understand
varied qualitative research methods: phenomena, behavior, human conditions and the
like.
Participant Observation - demands immersion
in the natural setting of the research participant's. - It can build on, or even develop theories through
consistent themes, categories, relationships,
Observation - entails the systematic noting or interrelationships that are crystallized during the
recording of events, behaviors and artifacts data gathering and data analysis processes.
(objects) in the social setting chosen for study.
An example of a research topic on an individual level is the problem of low self-esteem. On an organizational
level, a campus organization can investigate the seeming apathy of the majority of students towards Student
Council elections.
Varied reading materials- books, journals, magazines, newspapers, monographs can help crystallize topics of
interest. Films, as well as videos and documentaries, can spark off a research inquiry or problem.
3. Social Networking
The role of netizens in present-day society cannot be overemphasized. Netizens voice their observations,
opinions, even condemnation of current happenings, no- holds-barred.
4.Replication
Theses and dissertations are good sources of topics. A theory used in a previous study can still be further
investigated.
These are breeding grounds of ideas. Many researchers have claimed that their research topics were offshoots
of ideas heard in lectures or even during the open forum.
6. Gray Areas
These are points of interest but very little is known about them. Examples of these are: "Is female circumcision
still practiced among specific groups of people?
a. Replicate a previous research project exactly or
Lesson 2: Writing a Research with slight variations.
Title
b. Explore unexpected findings discovered in
A research title, or research project, is a product of previous research.
real world observations, lemmas, wide reading,
c. Follow suggestions an author gives for future
selective viewing (television programs, films,
research at the end of an article.
documentaries, videos, c) meaningful interactions
with significant others, and deep reflection d. Extend an existing explanation or theory to a
new topic or setting.
The following are examples of broad topics: f. Specify the intervening process and consider
linking relations.
- Lack of Self-confidence
2. Talk over ideas with others.
- Smoking Hazards
a. Ask people who are knowledgeable about the
- Marketable Popular Garment Brand
topic for questions about it that they have thought
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) of.
The following are examples of specific topics: b. Seek out those who hold opinions that differ
from yours on the topic and discuss possible
- Lack of Self-confidence in Adolescents: Root research questions with them.
Causes, Manifestations Intervention
3. Apply to a specific context.
- Health Hazards of Direct and Indirect Smoking:
Prevention and Cure a. Focus the topic on a specific historical period or
time period.
- Marketability of a Popular Garment Brand: A
Case Study b. Narrow the topic to a specific society or
geographic unit.
- HIV: Causes, Prevention, Treatment and Care
c. Consider which subgroups or categories of
people/units are involved and whether there are
differences among them.
Techniques for Narrowing a Topic Into a
Research Question 4. Define the aim or desired outcome of the
study.
1. Examine the literature. Published articles are an
excellent source of ideas for research questions. a. Will the research question be for an
They are usually at an appropriate level of exploratory, explanatory, or descriptive
specificity and suggest researchquestions that study?
focus on the following:
b. Will the study involve applied or basic
researc
Lesson 3: Justification and
2. Validity - refers to an in-depth description that shows the complexities of variables and the
embedding of interactions in data derived from the setting.
3. Transferability - is the applicability of one set of findings to another context. Under this factor is
triangulation which is the act of bringing more than one source of data to bear on a single point.
4. Dependability - refers to the researchers' attempts to account for changing conditions in the
phenomenon chosen for study, as well as change in the design created by increasing refined
understanding of the setting.
Throughout the research process, the researcher makes crucial decisions, particularly in the choice
of methods of data collection, and in data analysis procedures.n. The research questions formulated
give focus to the research, as well as guides the appropriately of decisions made by the researcher.
If the research questions are not clearly formulated, or have no direction, so to speak, the
researcher will find himself/herself with too much data, and yet, not knowing what to do with them
Suffice it to say that the research questions express clearly the specific direction or focus of the
research problem or inquiry. Needless to say, the research questions comprise the core of the study.
- Collection of data
2. This study includes only those English freshman classes that use both Blended Learning and
standard ways of Language teaching.
3. This research investigation covers only Landbank-sponsored livelihood projects in Barangay San
Juan, Apalit, Pampanga
Lesson 6: BENEFITS AND BENEFICIARIES OF RESEARCH
Aspects of Significance
1. Significance for Theory
In this section of the problem statement, the researcher can outline the research study's contribution to
fundamental knowledge by describing how the study fits into the theoretical traditions in the sciences or
applied fields in ways that will be new, insightful or creative (Marshall and Rossman, 1995)
The significance of a study for policy and practice can be established by presenting data that show how often
the problem occurs and how costly it can be.
In conclusion, when mulling over the significance of the research study you wish to undertake, ask yourself the
following questions:
3. What has not been answered adequately in previous research and practice?
4. How will this new research contribute to theory, policy and practice in his area?
Lesson 7: Presentation of Written Statement of the Problem
Research studies generally include the following interrelated parts, with each one building on the other: the
introduction, which includes an overview of the research they, the statement of the problem, its significance,
the research questions and the scope and limitations of the research study, the review of related literature and
the research design and research methods.
2. to frame it as