MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

NAME: ________________________________ YR. & SEC.: ____________

Competency:
The learner proves theorems on the different kinds of parallelogram (rectangle, rhombus, square). M9GE-IIIc-1

Expectations

This module was designed to help you understand concepts about theorems on the different kinds of
parallelogram (rectangle, rhombus and square) and apply these theorems of the different parallelogram (rectangle,
rhombus and square) in answering activities that follows.

After finishing this module, you should be able to do the following:

1. identify parallelogram (rectangle, rhombus or square) based on their theorems;
2. prove the theorems on rectangles, rhombus and square; and
3. apply the different theorems on rectangle, rhombus and square in solving unknown measurements.

Pre-Test
Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Every square is a rectangle. c. Every rhombus is a rectangle.
b. Every rectangle is a square. d. Every parallelogram is a rhombus.
2. Which of the following quadrilaterals has diagonals that bisect each other, perpendicular and congruent?
a. Square c. Rectangle
b. Rhombus d. Trapezoid
3. All sides of a rhombus are ___________ .
a. perpendicular c. congruent
b. skew d. supplementary
4. In rhombus RHOM, ∠𝑀𝑅𝐻 = 70°, what is the measure of ∠ROH? H
R
a. 35°
b. 45°
c. 55°
d. 90°
M O
5. In rectangle KAYE, YO = 18 cm. Find the length of diagonal AE.

a. 6 cm
b. 9 cm
c. 18 cm
d. 36 cm

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

Page | 1
 Looking Back to your Lesson
From your previous module, you have learned some conditions that prove that a quadrilateral is a
parallelogram. You have also learned the properties of a parallelogram and use these properties to find measures of
angles, sides and other unknown values.

Introduction of the Topic

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel side. A parallelogram with equal sides
is called a rhombus, while a parallelogram whose angles are all right angles is a rectangle, and square is a
rectangle with four congruent sides.
RECTANGLE

Definition: A rectangle is a parallelogram with four right angles. A rectangle is equiangular

but not equilateral.

Properties of a Rectangle:
✔ Opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
✔ All angles are congruent. All angles are right.
✔ Opposite angles are congruent and supplementary.
✔ Consecutive angles are supplementary and congruent.
✔ The diagonals bisect each other and congruent.
✔ Each diagonal divides the rectangle into two congruent triangles.

Let us apply the properties of rectangle to answer the following problems:

For examples 1 and 2, please refer on the figure at the right.
Example #1: Given rectangle FIRE. If FI = 15 cm, find the length of ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑅.
Solution:
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑅 ≅ ̅̅̅
𝐹𝐼 Opposite sides are equal (Properties of Rectangle)
Thus, 𝑬𝑹 = 𝟏𝟓𝒄𝒎
Example #2: Given rectangle FIRE. If 𝐹𝑂 = 2𝑥 + 10 and 𝐹𝑅 = 11𝑥 − 15, find the length ̅̅̅̅
𝐹0 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝑅
and ̅̅̅
𝐸𝐼 .
Solution:
2(𝐹𝑂) = 𝐹𝑅 Diagonals of rectangle bisect each other (Properties of Rectangle).
2(2𝑥 + 10) = 11𝑥 − 15 Substitute the values of FO and FR.
4𝑥 + 20 = 11𝑥 − 15
20 + 15 = 11𝑥 − 4𝑥 APE
35 = 7𝑥 Combine similar terms.

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

Page | 2
 5= 𝒙 MPE
Substitute the value of x
𝐹𝑂 = 2𝑥 + 10 𝐹𝑅 = 11𝑥 − 15
𝐹𝑂 = 2(5) + 10 𝐹𝑅 = 11(5) − 15
𝐹𝑂 = 10 + 10 𝐹𝑅 = 55 − 15
𝑭𝑶 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝑭𝑹 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐹𝑅
Since diagonals of rectangle are congruent, then 𝐸𝐼 ̅̅̅̅ . Therefore, 𝑬𝑰 = 𝟒𝟎𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔

Theorem on Rectangle

The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

Given:
Rectangle BAKE
Prove:
̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅≅ AE
BK
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Rectangle BAKE 1. Given
𝐵𝐾 and ̅̅̅̅
2. Draw ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝐸 2. Line Postulate, construction
3. BE ≅ ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ AK 3. Definition of a Parallelogram
4. ̅̅̅̅̅
EK ≅ ̅̅̅̅
EK 4. Reflexive Property
5. ∠𝐵𝐸𝐾 and ∠𝐴𝐾𝐸 are right angles 5. All angles of a rectangle are right.
6. ∠𝐵𝐸𝐾 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐾𝐸 6. All right angles are congruent.
7. ∆𝐵𝐸𝐾 ≅ ∆𝐴𝐾𝐸 7. SAS Congruence Postulate
8. CPCTC (Corresponding Parts of
BK ≅ ̅̅̅̅
8. ̅̅̅̅̅ AE
Congruent Triangles are Congruent)

RHOMBUS
Definition: A rhombus is a parallelogram with four congruent sides. A rhombus is equilateral
but not equiangular.

Properties of a Rhombus:
✔ Opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
✔ All sides are congruent.
✔ Opposite angles are congruent.
✔ Consecutive angles are supplementary.
✔ Each diagonal bisects a pair of opposite angles.
✔ Each diagonal is a perpendicular bisector of the other diagonal.
✔ Each diagonal divides the rhombus into two congruent triangles.

Let us apply the properties of rhombus to answer the following problems:

For examples 1 and 2, please refer on the figure at the right.

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

Page | 3
Example #1: Given: Rhombus CARL. If 𝐶𝐴 = 14𝑖𝑛, find the length of
̅̅̅̅ , 𝐿𝑅
𝐴𝑅 ̅̅̅̅.
̅̅̅̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝐿
Solution:
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝑅
𝐶𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐿𝑅 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐿 All sides of rhombus are congruent (Property of Rhombus)
𝐶𝐴 = 𝐴𝑅 = 𝐿𝑅 = 𝐶𝐿 Definition of Congruent Segments

Thus, 𝑨𝑹 = 𝟏𝟒𝒊𝒏 , 𝑳𝑹 = 𝟏𝟒𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪𝑳 = 𝟏𝟒𝒊𝒏.

Example #2: Given: Rhombus CARL. If 𝑚∠1 = 4𝑥 − 15 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠2 = 2𝑥 + 5 , find the measurements of the
∠2, ∠7, & ∠8.

Solution:
∠1 ≅ ∠2 Diagonals of rhombus bisect opposite angles (Property of Rhombus).
𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 Definition of Congruent Angles
4𝑥 − 15 = 2𝑥 + 5 Substitution
4𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 5 + 15 APE
2𝑥 = 20 MPE
𝑥 = 10
Substitute the value of x
𝑚∠1 = 4𝑥 − 15
𝑚∠1 = 4(10) − 15
𝑚∠1 = 40 − 15
𝑚∠1 = 25
Since 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2, then 𝒎∠𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓

Let’s solve for the measurements of ∠7, & ∠8

𝑚∠𝐶𝐿𝑅 + ∠𝐿𝑅𝐴 = 180 Consecutive angles of Rhombus are supplementary.
(𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2) + 𝑚 ∠𝐿𝑅𝐴 =180 Angle Addition Postulate (𝑚∠𝐶𝐿𝑅 = 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2)
(25 + 25) + 𝑚∠𝐿𝑅𝐴=180 Substitution
50 + 𝑚∠𝐿𝑅𝐴=180
𝑚∠𝐿𝑅𝐴 = 180 − 50 APE
𝑚∠𝐿𝑅𝐴 = 130
𝑚∠7 + 𝑚 ∠8 = 130 Angle Addition Postulate (𝑚∠𝐿𝑅𝐴 = 𝑚∠7 + 𝑚 ∠8)
𝑚∠7 + 𝑚 ∠7 = 130
2(𝑚∠7) = 130
𝒎 ∠𝟕 = 𝟔𝟓 MPE

Since each diagonals of rhombus bisects a pair of opposite angles, then 𝑚∠7 = 𝑚 ∠8. Thus, 𝒎 ∠𝟖 = 𝟔𝟓.

Theorems on Rhombus

The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular.

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

Page | 4
Given: V I
Rhombus VICE

Prove:
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ IE
VC ̅ M

Proof: E C
Statements Reasons
1. Rhombus VICE 1. Given
2. ̅̅̅
𝐼𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅
𝑉𝐼 2. Definition of Rhombus
3. 𝑉𝑀 ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ ≅𝑀𝐶 3. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
other.
̅̅̅̅ ≅𝐼𝑀
4. 𝐼𝑀 ̅̅̅̅ 4. Reflexive Property
5. ∆𝑉𝐼𝑀 ≅ ∆𝐶𝐼𝑀 5. SSS Congruence Postulate
6. ∠VMI ≅ ∠CMI 6. CPCTC (Corresponding Parts of ≅
Triangles are ≅)
7. ∠VMI and ∠CMI form a linear pair 7. Definition of Linear Pair
8. ∠VMI and ∠CMI are right angles 8. If two angles are both congruent and
supplementary, then each angle is right.
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ 𝐼𝐸
9. 𝑉𝐶 ̅̅̅ 9. Definition of Right Angle

Each diagonals of a rhombus bisects opposite angles.

Given:
Rhombus TANS
Prove:
∠1 ≅ ∠2
∠3 ≅ ∠4

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Rhombus TANS 1. Given
2. ̅𝑆𝑇
̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐴 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑁 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝑆 2. Definition of Rhombus
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑆 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑆 3. Reflexive Property
4. ∆𝑆𝑇𝐴 ≅ ∆𝐴𝑁𝑆 4. SSS Postulate
5. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 ; ∠3 ≅ ∠4 5. CPCTC (Corresponding Parts of
Congruent Triangles are Congruent)

SQUARE

Definition: A square is a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four congruent angles.
A square is equiangular and equilateral. It is both a rectangle and a rhombus.

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

Page | 5
Properties of a Square:
✔ All sides are parallel and congruent.
✔ All angles are congruent. All angles are right.
✔ Opposite angles are congruent and supplementary.
✔ Consecutive angles are supplementary and congruent.
✔ Diagonals are congruent and bisect opposite angles.
✔ Each diagonal is a perpendicular bisector of the other diagonal.
✔ Each diagonal divides the square into two congruent triangles.

Let us apply the properties of square to answer the following problems:

Refer on the figure at the right.
Example: Given 𝑚∠ 𝑍𝐾𝑅 = 2𝑥 − 10, solve for x and
measurements of ∠ 𝐾𝑅𝑌𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠ 𝑍𝐾𝑌.
Solution:
𝑚∠ 𝑍𝐾𝑅 = 2𝑥 − 10
90 = 2𝑥 − 10 All angles of a square are right. All right angles measures 900 .
90 + 10 = 2𝑥 APE
100 = 2𝑥
50 = 𝑥 MPE
𝒙 = 𝟓𝟎 SyPE

Let us solve now for the measurements of ∠ 𝐾𝑅𝑌 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠ 𝑍𝐾𝑌.

𝒎∠ 𝑲𝑹𝒀 = 𝟗𝟎 All angles of a square are right. All right angles measures 900 .

Since ̅̅̅̅
𝐾𝑌 bisects ∠ 𝑍𝐾𝑅 and ∠ 𝑍𝐾𝑅 is a right angle. (Each diagonal bisects a pair of opposite angles).
Thus, 𝒎∠ 𝒁𝑲𝒀 = 𝟒𝟓

Activities

Activity 1: Fill in the blanks and state the properties that support the statement.
A. Refer to the rectangle HAND
1. If 𝐻𝐴 = 17 and 𝐻𝐷 = 10 , then 𝐷𝑁 = _____ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑁 = _____.
2. If 𝑚∠𝐻𝐷𝑁 = 10𝑥 − 20, then 𝑥 = _____.
3. If 𝐻𝑁 = 4𝑥 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐴 = 10, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = ____ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐻𝑁 = _____.

B. Refer to the rhombus DEFG

1. Find x° = _____

2. If 𝐷𝐸 = 5𝑖𝑛, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐸𝐹 = ___ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐺𝐹 = _____

3. If 𝐷𝐹 = (8𝑥 − 12)𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝐻 = (𝑥 + 3)𝑐𝑚,

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐷𝐹 = ____ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝐻 = _____

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

Page | 6
C. Refer to the rhombus COLA
1. 𝑚∠𝐶 = _____
2. 𝑚∠𝐶AL = _____
3. 𝑚∠1 = _____
4. 𝑚∠2 = _____
5. 𝑚∠3 = _____

D. Refer to the square CORA

1. If 𝐶𝑌 = 10𝑓𝑡 then 𝑌𝑂 = _____ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴0 = _____.
2. If 𝐶𝑂 = 20𝑦𝑑 , then 𝐴𝑅 = _____ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂𝑅 = _____.
3. 𝑚∠𝐶𝑌𝑂 = 7𝑥 − 50, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = _____ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚∠𝐶𝑌𝑂 = ____

Activity 2: Complete the two-column proof below. Write your answer on the space provided.
Given:
Rectangle VIBE
Prove:
̅̅̅̅̅≅ EI
VB ̅

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. Rectangle VIBE 1.
2. 2. Line Postulate, construction
̅̅̅̅≅ IB
3. VE ̅ 3.
̅̅̅̅≅ EB
4. EB ̅̅̅̅ 4.
5. ∠𝑉𝐸𝐵 and ∠𝐼𝐵𝐸 are right angles 5. All angles of a rectangle are right.
6. 6. All right angles are congruent.
6. ∆𝑉𝐸𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐼𝐵𝐸 7.
7. ̅̅̅̅̅≅ EI
VB ̅ 8.

B. R
Given: 8
Rhombus RADE 1
E 3
2 4
A
Prove:
∠1 ≅ ∠2
∠3 ≅ ∠4
D
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. 2. Definition of Rhombus
3. 3. Reflexive Property
4. 4. SSS Postulate
5. 5. CPCTC (Corresponding Parts of ≅
Triangles are ≅)

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

Page | 7
 Remember

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel.

Special Parallelogram:
Rectangle is a parallelogram that is equiangular.
Rhombus is a parallelogram that is equilateral.
Square is a parallelogram that is both equiangular and equilateral.
Properties of a Rectangle:
✔ Opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
✔ All angles are congruent. All angles are right.
✔ Opposite angles are congruent and supplementary.
✔ Consecutive angles are supplementary and congruent.
✔ The diagonals bisect each other and congruent.
✔ Each diagonal divides the rectangle into two congruent triangles.
Properties of a Rhombus:

✔ Opposite sides are parallel and congruent.

✔ All sides are congruent.
✔ Opposite angles are congruent.
✔ Consecutive angles are supplementary.
✔ Each diagonal bisects a pair of opposite angles.
✔ Each diagonal is a perpendicular bisector of the other diagonal.
✔ Each diagonal divides the rhombus into two congruent triangles.
Properties of a Square:
✔ All sides are parallel and congruent.
✔ All angles are congruent. All angles are right.
✔ Opposite angles are congruent and supplementary.
✔ Consecutive angles are supplementary and congruent.
✔ Diagonals are congruent and bisect opposite angles.
✔ Each diagonal is a perpendicular bisector of the other diagonal.
✔ Each diagonal divides the square into two congruent triangles.
Theorems on Special Parallelogram
• The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.
• The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular.
• Each diagonals of a rhombus bisects opposite angles.

Check your Understanding

Indicate with a check (√ ) mark in the table below the property that corresponds to the given
quadrilateral.
Property Quadrilaterals
Parallelogram Rectangle Rhombus Square
1. All sides are congruent
2. Opposite sides are congruent.
3. Opposite sides are parallel.
4. Opposite angles are congruent
5. All angles are right angles
6. Diagonals bisect each other
7. Diagonals are congruent
8. Diagonals are perpendicular to
each other
9. Each diagonal bisects opposite
angles.
10. Consecutive angles are
Supplementary

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

Page | 8
 Post-Test
Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

_____ 1. The opposite sides of a parallelogram are _____________.

a. congruent c. perpendicular
b. skew d. supplementary
_____ 2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Every square is a rectangle. c. Every rhombus is a rectangle.
b. Every rectangle is a square. d. Every parallelogram is a rhombus.
_____ 3. Which of the following quadrilaterals has diagonals that bisect each other, perpendicular and congruent?
a. Square c. Rectangle
b. Rhombus d. Trapezoid
_____ 4. In rectangle KAYE, 𝑌𝑂= 18 cm. Find the length of diagonal 𝐴𝐸. K A
a. 6 cm O
b. 9 cm 18
c. 18 cm cm
d. 36 cm E Y
_____ 5. In rhombus RHOM, ∠MRH = 70°, what is the measure of ∠ROH?
a. 35° R H
b. 45°
c. 55°
d. 90°

M O

Reflection

What I have learned so far … ___________________________

____________________________________________________

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

Page | 9
 MATHEMATICS
Quarter 3 Week 2
ANSWER SHEET
Name: Math Teacher:
Section: Score:

MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2

Page | 10
MATH 9 QUARTER 3 WEEK 2
Page | 11