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C. Why Is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?

D. What Instruments comprised a typical jazz band of the 1920's?


46. Which of the following preceded jazz as a popular music for dancing?
A. Disco           B. Rock         C. Rhythm and blues     D. Ragtime
READING LATEST TESTS 47. According to the passage, jazz musicians are able to demonstrate their individual
artistry mainly by?
PASSAGE 5 :
A. creating musical variations while performing
The development of jazz can be seen as part of the larger continuum of American B. preparing musical arrangements
popular music, especially dance music. In the twenties, jazz became the hottest new C. reading music with great skill
(3) thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century, and as D. being able to play all types of popular music
would rhythm and blues in the fifties, rock in the fifties, and disco in the seventies. 48. Which of the following was the function of "get-off" musicians (line 16)?
But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is A. Assist the other band members in packing up after a performance
improvisation, the changing of a musical phrase according to the player's inspiration. B. Teach dance routines created for new music
Like all artists, jazz musicians strive for an individual style, and the (8)improvise or C. Lead the band
paraphrased is a jazz musician's main opportunity to display his or her individuality. D. Provide solo performances in a band or orchestra
In early jazz, musicians often improvised melodies collectively, thus creating a kind 49. Which two types of music developed around the same time?
of polyphony. There was little soloing as such, although some New Orleans players, A. jazz / rock B. dance / rhythm & blue
particularly cornet player Buddy Bolden, achieved local fame for their ability to C. rock / rhythm & blue D. jazz / dance
improvise a solo. Later the idea of the chorus-long or multichorus solo took hold. 50. Louis Armstrong was mentioned as an influential musician of ………………… .
Louis Armstrong's instrumental brilliance, demonstrated through (14) extended A. "hot" or "swing" jazz B. chorus-long jazz
solos, was a major influence in this development. C. structured jazz D. soloing jazz
Even in the early twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists. 51. The word "consciously" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
Similarly, show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such "get- A. carelessly       B. easily         C. periodically         D. purposely
off" musicians. Unimproved, completely structured jazz does exist, but the ability of 52. The word "unadorned" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(18) the best jazz musicians to create music of great cohesion and beauty during A. lovely          B. plain          C. disorganized        D. inexpensive
performance has been a hallmark of the music and its major source of inspiration 53. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
and change. A. "improvisation" (line 6)           B. "polyphony" (line 10)
The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially C. "cornet player"(line 11)          D. "multichorus"(line 12)
called "hot" and later "swing". In playing hot , a musician consciously departs from 54. The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of
strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that also emphasizes (24) the A. dividing the discussion into two major areas
underlying rhythms. ("Rough" tone and use of moderate vibrato also contributed to B. presenting contrasting points of view
a hot sound .) Not all jazz is hot, however, many early bands played unadorned C. providing biographies of famous musician
published arrangements of popular songs. Still, the proclivity to play hot D. describing historical events in sequence
distinguished the jazz musician from other instrumentalists. PASSAGE 6: The Healing Power of Maggots
45. The passage answers which of the following questions?
The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several
A. which early jazz musicians most Influenced rhythm and blues music? times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand
B. What are the differences between jazz and other forms of music? years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers
with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that
maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these 8. The word “they” in line 23 refers to 
squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem (a) flies  (b) maggots  (c) gangrene-causing bacteria  (d) live patients
may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good 9. All of the following are true EXCEPT 
science. The modern heydey of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an (a) maggots come from eggs  (b) maggots eat bacteria 
American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who (c) maggots are larvae  (d) William Bayer discovered a new type of maggot 
had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested 10. What can be inferred from the passage about maggots? 
with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the (a) modern science might be able to develop new drugs from maggots that would fight
military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that infection 
(b) maggot therapy would have been more popular if antibiotics had not been
maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. 
discovered 
In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires
(c) William Baer later changed his mind about the value of using maggot therapy 
the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes
(d) sulfa drugs were developed from maggots 
common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue,
whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, PASSAGE 7: to answer the questions from 16 to 25.
such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue.
They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient’s wound, the maggots
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one
eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete
most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from
compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don’t happen to swallow. Meanwhile,
they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply ritual.
by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace The argument for this view goes as follows.IN the beginning, human beings viewed
– although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable,
in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of and they sought, through various means, to control these unknown and feared
World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then
1. Why did the author write the passage?  retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose
(a) because of the resistance to using the benefits of maggots  which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites .As time passed some rituals
(b) to demonstrate the important contribution of William Baer  were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided
(c) to outline the healing power of maggots 
material for art and drama.
(d) to explain treatment used before the first antibiotics
2. The word “renaissance” in line 6 is closest in meaning to  Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites
(a) revival (b) resistance  (c) support  (d) condemnation contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were
3. According to the passage, William Bayer was shocked because  almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site hard to be provided for the
(a) two soldiers had lain on the battlefield for a week  performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division
(b) the medical establishment refused to accept his findings  was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium". In addition,
(c) the soldiers abdominal wounds had become infested with maggots  there were performers, and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding
(d) the soldiers had recovered better than those in a military hospital mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.
4. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? 
Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or
(a) sulfa drugs have been developed from maggots 
(b) maggots only eat dead tissue  supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the
(c) bluebottles and greenbottles produce maggots  coming rain, the revival of the Sun as ab actor might. Eventually such dramatic
(d) blowfly maggots only eat dead tissue representations were separated from religious activities.
5. The word “devour” in line 16 is closest in meaning to  Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.
(a) chew  (b) clean  (c) change  (d) consume According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war or other feats)are gradually
6. The word “thrive” in line 19 is closest in meaning to elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a
(a) prosper  (b) eat  (c) move  (d) grow
narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.
7. The word “metamorphose” in line 22 is closest in meaning to 
(a) disappear  (b) grow  (c) change  (d) move
A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical
and gymnastic or that are imitation of animal movements and sounds. roost. Solitary roosters shelter indense vegetation or enter a cavity - horned
larks dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow banks - but the
16.What does the passage manly discuss? effect of sheltering is magnified by several birds huddling together in the roosts,
A. The origins of theater B. The role of ritual in modern dance as wrens, swifts. brown creepers, bluebirds. and anis do. Body contact reduces
C. The importance of storytelling D. The variety of early religious activities. the surface area exposed to the cold air, so the birds keep each other warm.
17.The word they in line 4 refers to _____ Two kinglets huddling together were found to reduce their heat losses by a
A. seasonal changes  B. natural forces C. theories  D. human beings quarter, and three together saved a third of their heat. The second possible
18.What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph? benefit of communal roosts is that they act as "information centers." During the
A. The reason drama is often unpredictable day, parties of birds will have spread out to forage over a very large area. When
B. The reason in which dramas were performed they return in the evening some will have fed well, but others may have found
C. The connection between myths and dramatic plots little to eat. Some investigators have observed that when the birds set out again
D. The importance of costumes in early drama next morning, those birds that did not feed well on the previous day appear to
19.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and follow those that did. The behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate
ritual? different feeding behaviors of similar birds with different roosting habits. The
A. Dance B. Costumes C. Music  D. Magic common kestrel hunts vertebrate animals in a small, familiar hunting ground,
20.The word "considerable" in line 13 is closest in meaning to_____ whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds on insects over a large area. The
A. thoughtful  B. Substantial  C. relational D. ceremonial common kestrel roosts and hunts alone, but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts
21.The word "enactment" in line 14 is closest in meaning to_____
in flocks, possibly so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms.
Finally. there is safety in numbers at communal roosts since there will always be
A. establishment  B. performance C. authorization D. season
a few birds awake at any given moment to give the alarm. But this increased
22.The word "they" in line 14 refers to____
protection is partially
A. mistakes B. costumes C. animals  D. performers
counteracted by the fact that mass roosts attract predators and are especially
23.According to the passage ,what is the main difference between ritual and drama?
vulnerable if they are on the ground. Even those in trees can be attacked by
A. Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.
birds of prey. The birds on the edge are at greatest risk since predators find it
B. Ritual is shorter than drama
easier to catch small birds perching at the margins of the roost.
C. Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.
Câu 31: What does the passage mainly discuss?
D. Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not. A. How birds find and store food
24.The passage supports which of the following statements? B. How birds maintain body heat in the winter
A. No one really knows how the theater began C. Why birds need to establish territory
B. Myths are no longer represented dramatically D. Why some species of birds nest together
C. Storytelling is an important part of dance Câu 32: The word "conserve" is closest in meaning to
D. Dramatic activities require the use of costumes A. retain  B. watch  C. locate  D. share
25.Where in the passage does the author discuss the separation of the stage and the Câu 33: Ptarmigan keep warm in the winter by
audience? A. building nests in trees
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2  C .Paragraph 3  D. Paragraph 4 B. huddling together on.the ground with other birds
C. digging tunnels into the snow
Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer
D. burrowing into dense patches of vegetation
sheet to indicate the correct answer to the following questions. 
Câu 34: The word “ magnified” in line 6 is closest in meaning to.
Birds that feed in flocks commonly retire together into roosts. The reasons for
A. combined  B. caused  C. modified  D. intensified
roosting communally are not always obvious. but there are some likely benefits.
Câu 35: The author mentions kinglets in line 9 as an example of birds that
In winter especially. it is important for birds to keep warm at night
A. prorect themselves by nesting in holes  B. usually feed and nest in pairs
and conserve precious food reserves. One way to do this is to find a sheltered
C. nest together for warmth  D. nest with other species of birds become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous
Câu 36: The word “ forage” in line 12 is closest in meaning ro characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during
A. rest  B. fly  C. feed  D. assemble thunderstorm activity.
Câu 37: Which of the following statements about lesser and common kestrels is
true? Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from
A. The lesser kestrel feeds sociably but the common kestrel does not. its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both
B. The lesser kestrel and the common kestrel have similar diers. originated at about the same
C. The common kestrel nests in larger flocks than does the lesser kestrel. time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of
D. The common kestrel nests in trees; the lesser kestrel nests on the ground. the world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses
Câu 38: The word “counteracted” in line 24 is closest in meaning to an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast
A. shielded  B. negated  C. measured  D. suggested Midwestern hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy,
Câu 39: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of
advantage derived by birds that huddle together while sleeping?
situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original
A. Some birds in the flock function as information centers for others who are
location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such
looking for food.
B. Staying together provides a greater amount of heat for the whole flock. characteristic asslope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal
C. Some members of the flock warn others of impending dangers. shapes, and other physical
D. Several members of the flock care for the young. characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally
Câu 40: Which of the following is a disadvantage of communal roosts that is more significant in early stages of city development than later.
mentioned in the passage? 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Diseases easily spread among the birds. A. The development of trade routes through United States cities
B. Food supplies are quickly depleted. B. Contrasts in settlement patterns in United States
C. Some birds in the group will attack the others C. Historical differences among three large United States cities
D. Groups are more attractive to predators than individual birds are. D. The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States
cities
2. The word “ingenuity” is closest in meaning to ………………… .
Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions A. wealth B. resourcefulness C. traditions D. organization
result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from 3. The passage suggests that a geographer would consider a city’s soil type part
the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that of its………………… .
supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other A. hinterland B. situation C. site D. function
goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site 4. According to the passage, a city’s situation is more important than its site in
of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding regard to the city’s
region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. A. long-term growth and prosperity B. ability to protect its citizenry
Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. C. possession of favorable weather conditions D. need to import food
If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more supplies
likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled 5. The author mentions each of the following as an advantage of Chicago’s
situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west location EXCEPT its……………….
transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of A. hinterland B. nearness to a large lake
significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the C. position in regard to transport routes D. flat terrain
world’s finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would 6. The word “characteristics” is closest in meaning to ………………… .
A. choices B. attitudes C. qualities D. inhabitants Mann’s ideas about school reform were developed and distributed in the
7. The primary purpose of paragraph 1 is to ………………… . twelve annual reports to the state of Massachusetts that he wrote during
A. summarize past research and introduce a new study his tenure as secretary of education. Considered quite radical at the time,
B. describe a historical period the Massachusetts reforms later served as a model for the nation’s
C. emphasize the advantages of one theory over another educational system. Mann was formally recognized as the father of public
D. define a term and illustrate it with an example education.
8. According to the passage, Philadelphia and Boston are similar to New York 1. Which of the following titles would best express the main topic of the
City in………………… . passage ?
A. size of population B. age A. The Father of American Public Education
C. site D. availability of rail transportation B. Philosophy of Education
9. The word “functional” is closest in meaning to ………………… . C. The Massachusetts State Board of Education.
A. alternate B. unknown C. original D. usable D. Politics of Educational Institutions
10. The word “it” refers to ………………… . 2. Which of the following describes Horace Mann’s early life ?
A. account B. primacy C. connection D. hinterland A. He attended school six months a year.
B. He had to study alone, without help.
C. He supported his family after his father died.
Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace D. He was an only child.
Mann to work so hard to accomplish the important reforms in education 3. The word “struggles” in line 5 could best be replaced by
that he advocated. While he was still a boy, his father and older brother A. valuable experiences B. happy situations
died, and he became responsible for supporting his family. Like most of C. influential people D. difficult times
the children in his town, he attended school only two or three months a 4. The word “regret” in line 7 could best be replaced by
year. Later, with the help of several teachers, he was able to study law A. consideration B. feeling sorry
and become a member of the Massachusetts bar, but he never forgot C. limitation D. acceptance
those early struggles. 5. What did Horace Mann advocate ?
While serving in the Massachusetts legislature, he signed an historic A. The state board school system. B. The district school system.
education bill that set up a state board of education. Without regret, he C. The substitute school system. D. The graded school system.
gave up his successful legal practice and political career to become the 6. The word “mandatory” in line 10 is closest in meaning to
first secretary of the board. There he exercised an enormous influence A. required B. equal C. excellent D. basic
during the critical period of reconstruction that brought into existence the 7 How were Mann’s educational reforms distributed ?
American graded elementary school as a substitute for the older district A. In twelve annual reports to the state of Massachusetts
school system. Under his leadership, the curriculum was restructured, the B. In reports that he wrote for national distribution.
school year was increased to a minimum of six months, C. In speeches that he made throughout the country.
and mandatory schooling was extended to age sixteen. Other important D. In books that could be found in school libraries
reforms that came into existence under Mann’s guidance included the 8.The reforms that Horace Mann achieved were
establishment of state normal schools for teacher training, institutes for A. not radical for the time. B. used only by the state of Massachusetts
in service teacher education, and lyceums for adult education. He was C. adopted by the nation as a model. D. enforced by the
also instrumental in improving salaries for teachers and creating school Massachusetts bar
libraries. 9. Among Mann’s school reforms, which of the following is NOT
mentioned ? Question 46: The passage mainly discusses how heat_________
A. Restructuring curriculum B. Schools for teacher training A. is transformed and transported in the Earth’s atmosphere.
C. Lyceums for adult education D. Creating museums B. is transported by ocean currents.
10. Which of the following statements best represents Mann’s philosophy C. can be measured and analyzed by scientists.
? D. moves about the Earth’s equator.
A. Think in new way B. Help others C. Study very hard D. Work hard Question 47: The passage mentions that the tropics differ from the
Earth’s polar regions in which of the following ways?
Because the low latitudes of the Earth, the areas near the equator, A. The height of cloud formation in the atmosphere.
receive more heat than the latitudes near the poles, and because the B. The amount of heat they receive from the Sun.
nature of heat is to expand and move, heat is transported from the C. The strength of their large scale winds.
D. The strength of their oceanic currents.
tropics to the middle and high latitudes. Some of this heat is moved by
Question 48: The word “convert” is closest in meaning to__________
winds and some by ocean currents, and some gets stored in the
A. mix B. change C. adapt D. reduce
atmosphere in the form of latent heat. The term “latent heat” refers to Question 49: Why does the author mention “the stove” in line 9th ?
the energy that has to be used to convert liquid water to water vapor. We A. To describe the heat of the Sun.
know that if we warm a pan of water on a stove, it will evaporate, or turn B. To illustrate how water vapor is stored.
into vapor, faster than if it is allowed to sit at room temperature. We also C. To show how energy is stored.
know that if we hang wet clothes outside in the summertime, they will D. To give an example of a heat source
Question 50: According to the passage, most ocean water evaporation
dry faster than in winter, when temperature are colder. The energy used
occurs especially_________
in both cases to change liquid water to water vapor is supplied by heat – A. around the higher latitudes B. in the tropics
supplied by the stove in the first case and by the Sun in the latter case. C. because of large – scale winds D. because of strong ocean
This energy is not lost. It is stored as vapor in the atmosphere as latent currents
heat. Eventually, the water stored as vapor in the atmosphere will Question 51: According to the passage, 30 percent of the Sun’s incoming
condense to liquid again, and the energy will be released to the energy_________
atmosphere. A. is stored in clouds in the lower latitudes.
B. is transported by ocean currents.
In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun’s incoming energy is used to
C. never leaves the upper atmosphere.
evaporate water, primarily in the tropical oceans. Scienctists have tried to D. gets stored as latent heat.
quantify this proportion of the Sun’s energy. By analyzing temperature, Question 52: The underlined word “it” refers to_______
water vapor, and wind data around the globe, they have estimated the A. square meter B. the Sun’s energy C. latent heat D. the atmosphere
quantity to be about 90 watts per square meter, or nearly 30 percent of Question 53: The word “primarily” is closest in meaning to __________
the Sun’s energy. Once this latent heat is stored within the atmosphere, A. chiefly B. originally C. basically D. clearly
it can be transported, primarily to higher latitudes, by prevailing, large – Question 54: The word “prevailing” is closest in meaning to _________
A. essential B. dominant C. circular D. closest
scale winds. Or it can be transported vertically to higher levels in the
Question 55: All of the following words/ phrases are defined in the
atmosphere, where it forms clouds and subsequent storms, which then passage EXCEPT________
release the energy back to the atmosphere. A. low latitudes (line 1st) B. latent heat (line 4th)
C. evaporate (line 6th) D. atmosphere (line 10th) public life as reformers, activists working for women’s right to vote, or
authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in
written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the American histories being published.
the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to
vote and absence from the seats of power, women were not considered Câu 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant A. The keen sense of history shown by American women  
poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best B. The “great women” approach to history used by American historians   
contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams C. The role of literature in early American histories
penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence D.  The place of American women in written histories
over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But Câu 2: The word “contemporary” in line 5 means that the history was…
little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these A. informative B. written at that time   
centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the C. thoughtful      D. faultfinding  
nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of Câu 3: In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are
female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their mentioned to show that…
male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were  A. poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other
celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use writing by women.       
of sources. During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists B.  only three women were able to get their writing published.     
showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which C. even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored. 
women were engaged. National, regional, and local women’s D. a woman’s status was changed by marriage.
organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal Câu 4: The word “celebratory” in line 11 means that the writings referred
correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and to were…
stored. These sources came from the core of the two greatest collections A. related to parties   B. full of praise  
of women’s history in the United States - one at the Elizabeth and Arthur C. religious D. serious     
Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College, and the other the Sophia Smith Câu 5: It can be inferred from the passage that during the seventeenth
Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable and eighteenth centuries ........
materials for later Generations of historians. Despite the gathering of  A. both male and female writers had no writing about women. 
more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, B.  women had right to vote and could take seats of power. 
most of the writing about women conformed to the “great women” C. women’s contribution to the society was not highly appreciated.
theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history D. women had a great influence on the politics, literature and history.
concentrated on “great men.” To demonstrate that women were making Câu 6: In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century
significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out histories does the author point out? 
women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women  A. They put too much emphasis on daily activities
produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in
B. They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.  thousand years, the Earth's climate has been extraordinarily beneficial, and
C. The sources of the information they were based on were not humans have prospered exceedingly well under a benign atmosphere.
Ice ages have dramatically affected life on Earth almost from the very beginning.
necessarily accurate. It is even possible that life itself significantly changed the climate. All living
D. They were printed on poor-quality paper.  organisms pull carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and eventually store it in
Câu 7: On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the sedimentary rocks within the Earth's crust. If too much carbon dioxide is lost,
following would most likely have been collected by nineteenth-century too much heat escapes out into the atmosphere. This can cause the Earth to
cool enough for glacial ice to spread across the land.
feminist organizations? In general the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has
 A. Books about famous graduates of the country’s first college          been equalized by the input of carbon dioxide from such events as volcanic
B. Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a eruptions. Man, however, is upsetting the equation by burning fossil fuels and
family problem       destroying tropical rain forests, both of which release stored carbon
dioxide. This energizes the greenhouse effect and causes the Earth to warm. If
C. Biographies of John Adams    the warming is significant enough, the polar ice caps eventually melt.
D. Newspaper accounts of presidential election results The polar ice caps drive the atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems. Should
Câu 8: What use was made of the nineteenth-century women’s history the ice caps melt, warm tropical waters could circle the globe and make this a
materials in the Schlesinger Library and the Sophia Smith Collection? very warm, inhospitable planet.
Over the past century, the global sea level has apparently risen upwards of 6
 A. They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia. inches, mainly because of the melting of glacial ice. If present warming trends
B.  They were shared among women’s colleges throughout the United continue, the seas could rise as much as 6 feet by the next century. This could
States.  flood coastal cities and fertile river deltas, where half the human population
C. They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.  lives. Delicate wetlands, where many marine species breed, also would be
reclaimed by the sea. In addition, more frequent and severe storms would batter
D. They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical coastal areas, adding to the disaster of the higher seas.
researchers. The continued melting of the great ice sheets in polar regions could
Câu 9: In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as cause massive amounts of ice to crash into the ocean. This would further raise
possible roles of nineteenth-century “great women” EXCEPT … the sea level and release more ice, which could more than double the area of
sea ice and increase correspondingly the amount of sunlight reflected back into
 A. activists for women’s rights        B. politicians space. The cycle would then be complete as this could cause global
C. authors       D. reformers       temperatures to drop enough to initiate another ice age.
Câu 10: The word “representative” in line 24 is closest in meaning Question 21. According to the passage, carbon dioxide is stored in each of the
to ......... following EXCEPT
A. polar ice caps.      B. sedimentary rocks.       C. rain forests.        D. fossil fuel.
A. typical     B. satisfied   C. supportive D. distinctive
Question 22. What does the final paragraph of the passage mainly discuss?
A. The relationship between the ocean and the sun
We are descendants of the ice age. Periods of glaciation have spanned the B. The amount of sunlight reflected into space
whole of human existence for the past 2 million years. The rapid melting of the C. A rise in global temperatures
continental glaciers at the end of the last ice age spurred one of the most D. The conditions that could lead to an ice age
dramatic climate changes in the history of the planet. During this inter-glacial Question 23. Which of the following does the author NOT mention as a
time, people were caught up in a cataclysm of human accomplishment, including consequence of a large rise in global sea level?
the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Over the past few A. The destruction of wetlands            B. The flooding of cities
C. A more diverse marine population        D. Severe storms
Question 24. According to the passage, what is the relationship between carbon
dioxide and the Earth's climate?
A. Carbon dioxide, which is trapped in glacial ice, is released when warm
temperatures cause the ice melt.
B. The greenhouse effect, which leads to the warming of the climate, is result of
too much carbon stored in the Earth's crust.
C. Rain causes carbon dioxide to be washed out of the atmosphere and into the
ocean.
D. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide results in the warming of the
climate.
Question 25. The word "beneficial" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. calm           B. inviting            C. thoughtful           D. favorable
Question 26. The word "massive" can be replaced to
A. wide            B. huge             C. dense             D. thick
Question 27. It can be inferred from the passage that the development of
agriculture
A. preceded the development of animal husbandry.
B. withstood vast changes in the Earth's climate.
C. did not take place during an ice age.
D. was unaffected by the greenhouse effect.
Question 28. The word "this" in the third paragraph refers to
A. man's upsetting the equation
B. the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide.
C. a volcanic eruption
D. the melting of the polar ice caps
Question 29. The word "inhospitable" is closest in meaning to
A. imperfect.        B. uninhabitable.       C. unlikable         D. cruel.
Question 30. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The possibility that the popular ice caps will melt
B. The coming of another ice age
C. Man's effect on the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere
D. The climate of the Earth over the years.

There are 2 basic types of glaciers.

Toàn bộ reading: vstep 02 - -03 – 04 – test – reading lastest tests


VSTEP 04 A. Assist the other band members in packing up after a performance
PASSAGE 1 : B. Teach dance routines created for new music
The development of jazz can be seen as part of the larger continuum of American C. Lead the band
popular music, especially dance music. In the twenties, jazz became the hottest new D. Provide solo performances in a band or orchestra
(3) thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century, and as would 5. Which two types of music developed around the same time?
rhythm and blues in the fifties, rock in the fifties, and disco in the seventies. A. jazz / rock B. dance / rhythm & blue
But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is C. rock / rhythm & blue D. jazz / dance
improvisation, the changing of a musical phrase according to the player's inspiration. 6. Louis Armstrong was mentioned as an influential musician of ………………… .
Like all artists, jazz musicians strive for an individual style, and the (8)improvise or A. "hot" or "swing" jazz B. chorus-long jazz
paraphrased is a jazz musician's main opportunity to display his or her individuality. In C. structured jazz D. soloing jazz
early jazz, musicians often improvised melodies collectively, thus creating a kind of 7. The word "consciously" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
polyphony. There was little soloing as such, although some New Orleans players, A. carelessly       B. easily         C. periodically         D. purposely
particularly cornet player Buddy Bolden, achieved local fame for their ability to 8. The word "unadorned" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
improvise a solo. Later the idea of the chorus-long or multichorus solo took hold. A. lovely          B. plain          C. disorganized        D. inexpensive
Louis Armstrong's instrumental brilliance, demonstrated through (14) extended solos, 9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
was a major influence in this development. A. "improvisation" (line 6)           B. "polyphony" (line 10)
Even in the early twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists. Similarly, C. "cornet player"(line 11)          D. "multichorus"(line 12)
show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such "get-off" 10. The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of
musicians. Unimproved, completely structured jazz does exist, but the ability of (18) A. dividing the discussion into two major areas
the best jazz musicians to create music of great cohesion and beauty during B. presenting contrasting points of view
performance has been a hallmark of the music and its major source of inspiration and C. providing biographies of famous musician
change. D. describing historical events in sequence
The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially PASSAGE 2: The Healing Power of Maggots
called "hot" and later "swing". In playing hot , a musician consciously departs from The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several
strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that also emphasizes (24) the times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand
underlying rhythms. ("Rough" tone and use of moderate vibrato also contributed to a years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers
hot sound .) Not all jazz is hot, however, many early bands played unadorned with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that
published arrangements of popular songs. Still, the proclivity to play hot distinguished maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these
the jazz musician from other instrumentalists. squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem
1. The passage answers which of the following questions? may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good
A. which early jazz musicians most Influenced rhythm and blues music? science. The modern heydey of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an
B. What are the differences between jazz and other forms of music? American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who
C. Why Is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States? had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested
D. What Instruments comprised a typical jazz band of the 1920's? with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the
2. Which of the following preceded jazz as a popular music for dancing? military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that
A. Disco           B. Rock         C. Rhythm and blues     D. Ragtime maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. 
3. According to the passage, jazz musicians are able to demonstrate their individual In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the
artistry mainly by? right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common
A. creating musical variations while performing bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an
B. preparing musical arrangements open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of
C. reading music with great skill the screw-worm eat live tissue.
D. being able to play all types of popular music They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient’s wound, the maggots
4. Which of the following was the function of "get-off" musicians (line 16)? eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete
compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don’t happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they
ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by ritual.
crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace – The argument for this view goes as follows.IN the beginning, human beings viewed
although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable,
live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World and they sought, through various means, to control these unknown and feared
War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then
1. Why did the author write the passage?  retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose
(a) because of the resistance to using the benefits of maggots  which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites .As time passed some rituals were
(b) to demonstrate the important contribution of William Baer  abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art
(c) to outline the healing power of maggots  and drama.
(d) to explain treatment used before the first antibiotics Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites
2. The word “renaissance” in line 6 is closest in meaning to  contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were
(a) revival  (b) resistance  (c) support  (d) condemnation almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site hard to be provided for the
3. According to the passage, William Bayer was shocked because  performances, and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division
(a) two soldiers had lain on the battlefield for a week 
was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium". In addition, there
(b) the medical establishment refused to accept his findings 
were performers, and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding
(c) the soldiers abdominal wounds had become infested with maggots 
mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task.
(d) the soldiers had recovered better than those in a military hospital
4. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? 
Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or
(a) sulfa drugs have been developed from maggots  supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the
(b) maggots only eat dead tissue  coming rain, the revival of the Sun as ab actor might. Eventually such dramatic
(c) bluebottles and greenbottles produce maggots  representations were separated from religious activities.
(d) blowfly maggots only eat dead tissue Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling.
5. The word “devour” in line 16 is closest in meaning to  According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war or other feats)are gradually
(a) chew  (b) clean  (c) change  (d) consume elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a
6. The word “thrive” in line 19 is closest in meaning to narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.
(a) prosper  (b) eat  (c) move  (d) grow A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical
7. The word “metamorphose” in line 22 is closest in meaning to  and gymnastic or that are imitation of animal movements and sounds.
(a) disappear  (b) grow  (c) change  (d) move
8. The word “they” in line 23 refers to  1.What does the passage manly discuss?
(a) flies  (b) maggots  (c) gangrene-causing bacteria  (d) live patients A. The origins of theater B. The role of ritual in modern dance
9. All of the following are true EXCEPT  C. The importance of storytelling D. The variety of early religious activities.
(a) maggots come from eggs  (b) maggots eat bacteria  2.The word they in line 4 refers to _____
(c) maggots are larvae  (d) William Bayer discovered a new type of maggot  A. seasonal changes  B. natural forces C. theories  D. human beings
10. What can be inferred from the passage about maggots?  3.What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first paragraph?
(a) modern science might be able to develop new drugs from maggots that would fight
A. The reason drama is often unpredictable
infection 
B. The reason in which dramas were performed
(b) maggot therapy would have been more popular if antibiotics had not been
C. The connection between myths and dramatic plots
discovered 
D. The importance of costumes in early drama
(c) William Baer later changed his mind about the value of using maggot therapy 
(d) sulfa drugs were developed from maggots  4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and
ritual?
PASSAGE 3: A. Dance B. Costumes C. Music  D. Magic
5.The word "considerable" in line 13 is closest in meaning to_____
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one A. thoughtful  B. Substantial  C. relational D. ceremonial
most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from 6.The word "enactment" in line 14 is closest in meaning to_____
A. establishment  B. performance C. authorization D. season
7.The word "they" in line 14 refers to____ vulnerable if they are on the ground. Even those in trees can be attacked by birds
A. mistakes B. costumes C. animals  D. performers of prey. The birds on the edge are at greatest risk since predators find it easier to
8.According to the passage ,what is the main difference between ritual and drama? catch small birds perching at the margins of the roost.
A. Ritual uses music whereas drama does not. Câu 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
B. Ritual is shorter than drama A. How birds find and store food
C. Ritual requires fewer performers than drama. B. How birds maintain body heat in the winter
D. Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not. C. Why birds need to establish territory
9.The passage supports which of the following statements? D. Why some species of birds nest together
A. No one really knows how the theater began
Câu 2: The word "conserve" is closest in meaning to
B. Myths are no longer represented dramatically
A. retain  B. watch  C. locate  D. share
C. Storytelling is an important part of dance
Câu 3: Ptarmigan keep warm in the winter by
D. Dramatic activities require the use of costumes
10.Where in the passage does the author discuss the separation of the stage and the A. building nests in trees
audience? B. huddling together on.the ground with other birds
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2  C .Paragraph 3  D. Paragraph 4 C. digging tunnels into the snow
PARAGRAPH 4 D. burrowing into dense patches of vegetation
Birds that feed in flocks commonly retire together into roosts. The reasons for Câu 4: The word “ magnified” in line 6 is closest in meaning to.
roosting communally are not always obvious. but there are some likely benefits. In A. combined  B. caused  C. modified  D. intensified
winter especially. it is important for birds to keep warm at night Câu 5: The author mentions kinglets in line 9 as an example of birds that
and conserve precious food reserves. One way to do this is to find a sheltered A. prorect themselves by nesting in holes  B. usually feed and nest in pairs
roost. Solitary roosters shelter indense vegetation or enter a cavity - horned larks C. nest together for warmth  D. nest with other species of birds
dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow banks - but the effect of Câu 6: The word “ forage” in line 12 is closest in meaning ro
sheltering is magnified by several birds huddling together in the roosts, as wrens, A. rest  B. fly  C. feed  D. assemble
swifts. brown creepers, bluebirds. and anis do. Body contact reduces the surface Câu 7: Which of the following statements about lesser and common kestrels is
area exposed to the cold air, so the birds keep each other warm. Two kinglets true?
huddling together were found to reduce their heat losses by a quarter, and three A. The lesser kestrel feeds sociably but the common kestrel does not.
together saved a third of their heat. The second possible benefit of communal B. The lesser kestrel and the common kestrel have similar diers.
roosts is that they act as "information centers." During the day, parties of birds C. The common kestrel nests in larger flocks than does the lesser kestrel.
will have spread out to forage over a very large area. When they return in the D. The common kestrel nests in trees; the lesser kestrel nests on the ground.
evening some will have fed well, but others may have found little to eat. Some Câu 8: The word “counteracted” in line 24 is closest in meaning to
investigators have observed that when the birds set out again next morning, those A. shielded  B. negated  C. measured  D. suggested
birds that did not feed well on the previous day appear to follow those that did. Câu 9: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an advantage
The behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate different feeding derived by birds that huddle together while sleeping?
behaviors of similar birds with different roosting habits. The common kestrel A. Some birds in the flock function as information centers for others who are
hunts vertebrate animals in a small, familiar hunting ground, whereas the very looking for food.
similar lesser kestrel feeds on insects over a large area. The common kestrel B. Staying together provides a greater amount of heat for the whole flock.
roosts and hunts alone, but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks, possibly C. Some members of the flock warn others of impending dangers.
so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms. Finally. there is D. Several members of the flock care for the young.
safety in numbers at communal roosts since there will always be a few birds Câu 10: Which of the following is a disadvantage of communal roosts that is
awake at any given moment to give the alarm. But this increased protection is mentioned in the passage?
partially A. Diseases easily spread among the birds.
counteracted by the fact that mass roosts attract predators and are especially B. Food supplies are quickly depleted.
C. Some birds in the group will attack the others its………………… .
D. Groups are more attractive to predators than individual birds are. A. hinterland B. situation C. site D. function
PARAGRAPH 5 4. According to the passage, a city’s situation is more important than its site in
Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions regard to the city’s
result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from A. long-term growth and prosperity B. ability to protect its citizenry
the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that C. possession of favorable weather conditions D. need to import food
supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other supplies
goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site 5. The author mentions each of the following as an advantage of Chicago’s
of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding location EXCEPT its……………….
region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. A. hinterland B. nearness to a large lake
Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. C. position in regard to transport routes D. flat terrain
If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more 6. The word “characteristics” is closest in meaning to ………………… .
likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled A. choices B. attitudes C. qualities D. inhabitants
situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west 7. The primary purpose of paragraph 1 is to ………………… .
transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of A. summarize past research and introduce a new study
significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the B. describe a historical period
world’s finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would C. emphasize the advantages of one theory over another
become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous D. define a term and illustrate it with an example
characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during 8. According to the passage, Philadelphia and Boston are similar to New York City
thunderstorm activity. in………………… .
Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from A. size of population B. age
its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both C. site D. availability of rail transportation
originated at about the same 9. The word “functional” is closest in meaning to ………………… .
time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the A. alternate B. unknown C. original D. usable
world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an 10. The word “it” refers to ………………… .
easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast A. account B. primacy C. connection D. hinterland
Midwestern hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, PARAGRAPH 6
but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of There are two basic types of glaciers. those that flow outvvard in all directions
situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original with little regard for any underlying terrain and those that are confirmed by
location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such terrain to a particular path.
characteristic asslope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, The first category of glaciers includes those massive blankets that cover whole
continents, approximately called ice sheets. There must be over 50,000 square
and other physical
kilometers of land covered with ice for the glacier to qualify as an ice sheet.
characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more When portions of an ice sheet spread out over the ocean, they form ice
significant in early stages of city development than later. shelves.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss? About 20,000 years ago the Cordilleran Ice Sheet covered nearly all the
A. The development of trade routes through United States cities mountains in Southern Alaska, western Canada, and the western United
B. Contrasts in settlement patterns in United States States, It was about 3 kilometers deep in its thickest point in northern Alberta.
C. Historical differences among three large United States cities Now there are only two sheets left on Earth, those covering Greenland and
D. The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States cities Antarctica.
2. The word “ingenuity” is closest in meaning to ………………… . Any domelike body of ice that also flows out in all directions but covers less
than 50,000 square kilometers is called an ice cap. Although ice caps are rare
A. wealth B. resourcefulness C. traditions D. organization
nowadays, there are a number in northeastern Canada, on Baffin Island, and
3. The passage suggests that a geographer would consider a city’s soil type part of
on the Queen Elizabeth Islands. A. They are confined to mountain valleys.
The second category of glaciers includes those of a variety of sliapes and sizes B. They cover large areas of land.
generally called mountain or alpine glaciers. Mountain glaciers are typically C. They are thicker in some areas than in others.
identified by the landfrom that controls their flow. One form of mountain glacier D. They have a characteristic circular shape.
that resembles an ice cap in that it flows outward in several directions is called Câu 4:According to the passage, ice shelves can be found_________.
an ice field. The difference between an ice field and an ice cap is subtle. A. covering an entire continent  B. buried within the mountains 
Essentially, the flow of an ice field is somevvhat controlled by surrounding C. spreading into the ocean D. filling deep valleys
terrain and thus does not have the domelike shape of a cap. There are several Câu 5:According to the passage, where was the Cordillera Ice Sheet thickest?
ice fields in the Wrangell, St. Elias, and Chugach mountains of Alaska and A. Alaska B. Greenland C. Alberta D. Antarctica
northern British Columbia. Câu 6:The word “rare” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to______.
A. small B. unusual C. valuable D. widespread
Less spectacular than large ice fields are the most common types of mountain Câu 7:According to the passage, ice fields resemble ice caps in which of the
glaciers: the cirque and valley glaciers. Cirque glaciers are found in following ways?
depressions in the surface of the land and have a characteristie circular shape. A. Their shape  B. Their flow  C. Their texture D. Their location 
The ice of vallcy glaciers. bound by terrain. flows down valleys. curves around Câu 8:The word “subtle” in the fifth paragraph is closest in meaning to____.
their corners. and falls over cliffs. A. slight B. common C. important D. measurable
Câu 9:All of the following are alpine glaciers EXCEPT_____________ .
Câu 1:What does the passage mainly discuss? A. cirque glaciersB. ice caps C. valley glaciers D. ice fields
A. Where major glaciers are located. B. How glaciers shape the land. Câu 10:Which of the following types of glaciers does the author use to illustrate
C. How glaciers are formed. D. The different kinds of giaciers. the two basic of elaciers mentioned in line 1?
Câu 2:The word “massive” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to A. Ice fields and cirques. B. Cirque and alpine glaciers.
A. huge B. strange C. cold D. recent C. Ice sheets and ice shelves. D. Ice sheets and mountain
Câu 3:It can be inferred that ice sheets are so named for which of the following glaciers.
reasons?
Bài 1 - Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the answer to
each of the questions from 66 to 75.
Esperanto is what is called a planned, or artificial, language. It was created more than a century ago by Polish eye
doctor Ludwik Lazar Zamenhof. Zamenhof believed that a common language would help to alleviate some of the
misunderstandings among cultures.
In Zamenhof’s first attempt at a universal language, he tried to create a language that was as uncomplicated as
possible. This first language included words such as ab, ac, ba, eb, be, and ce. This did not result in a workable
language in that these monosyllabic words, though short, were not easy to understand or to retain.
Next, Zamenhof tried a different way of constructing a simplified language. He made the words in his language
sound like words that people already knew, but he simplified the grammar tremendously. One example of how he
simplified the language can be seen in the suffixes: all nouns in this language end in o, as in the noun amiko, which
means “friend”, and all adjectives end in -a, as in the adjective bela, which means “pretty”. Another example of the
simplified language can be seen in the prefix mal-, which makes a word opposite in meaning; the
word malamiko therefore means “enemy”, and the word malbela therefore means “ugly” in Zamenhof’s language.
In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a description of this language and published it. He used a pen name, Dr. Esperanto, when
signing the book. He selected the name Esperanto because this word means “a person who hopes” in his language.
Esperanto clubs began popping up throughout Europe, and by 1950, Esperanto had spread from Europe toAmerica
andAsia.
In 1905, the First World Congress of Esperanto took place inFrance, with approximately700 attendees from 20
different countries. Congresses were held annually for nine years, and 4,000 attendees were registered for the
Tenth World Esperanto Congress scheduled for 1914, when World War I erupted and forced its cancellation.
Esperanto has had its ups and downs in the period since World War I. Today, years after it was introduced, it is
estimated that perhaps a quarter of a million people are fluent in it. This may seem like a large number, but it is
really quite small when compared with the billion English speakers and billion Mandarin Chinese speakers in today’s
world. Current advocates would like to see its use grow considerably and are taking steps to try to make this
happen. 
Question 66: The topic of this passage is
A. one man’s efforts to create a universal language
B. how language can be improve
C. using language to communicate internationally
D. a language developed in the last few years
Question 67: According to the passage, Zamenhof wanted to create a universal language
A. to build a name for himself                                 B. to provide a more complex language
C. to resolve cultural differences                            D. to create one world culture
Question 68: It can be inferred from the passage that the Esperanto word malespera means
A. hopeless           B. hope              C. hopelessness               D. hopeful
Question 69: The expression “popping up” in line 17 could best be replaced by
A. shouting                      B. opening            C. hiding          D. leaping
Question 70: It can be inferred from the passage that the Third World Congress of Esperanto took place
A. in 1905                B. in 1909          C. in 1907                        D. in 1913
Question 71: According to the passage, what happened to the Tenth World Esperanto Congress?
A. It had attendees from20 countries                      B. It never took place
C. It had 4,000 attendees                                        D. It was scheduled for 1915
Question72: The expression “ups and downs” in line 23 is closest in meaning to
A. tops and bottoms                                                B. floors and ceilings
C. takeoffs and landings                                         D. highs and lows
Question 73: Which paragraph describes the predecessor to Esperanto?
A. The first paragraph                                              B. The second paragraph
C. The third paragraph                                            D. The fourth paragraph
Question 74: The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on
A. European history        B. English grammar         C. world government    
  D. applied linguistics
Question 75: The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses
A. how current supporters of Esperanto are encouraging its growth
B. another of Zamenhof’s accomplishments
C. the disadvantages of using an artificial language
D. attempts to reconvene the World Congress of Esperanto in the 1920s 

Bài 2 - VII/ (ID: 80497 ) Read the following passage on commuting, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 51 to 60.
Many folk cures which have been around for centuries may be more therapeutic than previously
suspected. A case in point is that of penicillin Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese molds to
study when he discovered this very important bacteria-killing substance. Moldy cheese was frequently given to
patients as a remedy for illness at one time Fleming just isolated what it was about the cheese which cured the
patients.
In parts of South America, a powder obtained from grinding sugar cane is used for healing infections in wounds and
ulcers. This usage may date back to pre-Colombian times. Experiments carried out on several hundred patients
indicate that ordinary sugar in high concentrations is lethal to bacteria. Its suction effect eliminates dead cells and it
generates a glasslike layer which protects the wound and ensures healing. Another example of folk medicine which
scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a venomous catfish to quicken
healing. This catfish excretes a gel like slime which scientist found to contain antibiotics coagulant that helps close
injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and a chemical that directs production of a glue-like material that
aids healing. It is hoped that by documenting these folk remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed
beneficial, an analysis of the substance be made, and synthetic substances be developed for human consumption.
Câu 51: This passage is mainly about ________.
A. isolating antibiotics in cheese, sugar, and slime
B. antibiotics in the field of medicine
C. using folk medicines in place of modern medicines
D. the validity of folk remedies and their use for advances in modem medicine
Câu 52: The word "therapeutic" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. medicinal
B. traditional
C. psychological
D. physiological
Câu 53: It can be inferred from the Message that Alexander Fleming ________.
A. suspected medicinal properties of mold
B. discovered moldy cheese
C. enjoyed eating cheese
D. isolated infectious patients
Câu 54: The word "eliminates" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. kills off
B. disposes of
C. excretes
D. cleanses
Câu 55: To the passage, ________.
A. bacteria feed on sugar
B. sugar kills unhealthy cells
C. lass is formed from sugar
D. sugar promotes healing
Câu 56: The gellike substance which promotes healing comes from ________.
A. Arab fishermen
B. catfish bodies
C. catfish venom
D. coagulants
Câu 57: Which one of the following is NOT an important quality of the catfish slime?
A. It prohibits inflammation
B. It stops bleeding
C. It produces mold
D. It fights bacteria
Câu 58: The word "consumption" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to________.
A. utilisation
B. destruction
C. experimentation
D. manipulation
Câu 59: In what way are cheese molds, sugar, and catfish slime similar?
A. They eliminate dead cells
B. They heal wounds
C. They fight bacteria
D. They cause blood clots
Câu 60: According to the passage, why is it important to study folk medicine?
A. To perpetuate superstitions
B. To advance modern medical practices
C. To experiment with synthetic substances
D. To document cultural heritages.
Bài 3 - Read the passage and choose the best answer for each question ( 55-64) below.
         By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was
cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile
touch. Mechanization of spinning and weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile
industry during
this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. American producers were able to
meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown
throughout the South, but separating the fiber – or lint – from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton
was relatively easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were concentrated at the base of the
flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only along the nation's eastern seacoast. Short-staple
cotton required a much shorter growing season, but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant
that a worker could
hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney's gin was a hand-powered machine with revolving drums and
metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from seeds. Using the gin, a worker could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a
day.   The later development of larger gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.
          The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of the cultivation of cotton
and to a surge in production. It became the main American export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed
14 percent of total American exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share
in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton. In contrast, wheat and
wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American exports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the
trade of the young republic. The growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to
an unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States---west of
the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.
 
55. The main point of the passage is that the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were a time when
        A. the European textile industry increased its demand for American export products
        B. mechanization of spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry
        C. cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to process
        D. cotton became the most important American export product
56. The word "favored" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
        A. preferred                    B. recommended           C. imported                   D. included
57. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for the increased demand for cotton EXCEPT
       A. cotton's softness                                                B. cotton's ease of processing
      C. a shortage of flax and wool                                D. the growth that occurred in the textile industry.
58. The word "laborious" in line 6 is closest in meaning to
      A. unfamiliar                    B. primitive                   C. skilled                       D. difficult
59. According to the passage, one advantage of sea island cotton was its
       A. abundance of seeds                                          B. long fibers
       C. long growing season                                          D. adaptability to different climates
60. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about cotton production in the United States after the
      introduction of Whitney's cotton gin?
      A. More cotton came from sea island cotton plants than before.
      B. More cotton came from short-staple cotton plants than before.
      C. Most cotton produced was sold domestically.
      D. Most cotton produced was exported to England.
61. The word "surge" in line 14 is closest in meaning to
      A. sharp increase              B. sudden stop               C. important change      D. excess amount
62. The author mentions "wheat and wheat flour" in line 17 in order to
      A. show that Americans exported more agricultural products than they imported.
      B. show the increase in the amount of wheat products exported.
      C. demonstrate the importance of cotton among American export products.
      D. demonstrate that wheat farming was becoming more profitable.
63. The word "unprecedented" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
      A. slow                             B. profitable                  C. not seen before         D. never explained
64. According to the passage, the Mississippi River was
     A. one of the boundaries of a region where new agricultural settlement took place
     B. a major source of water for agricultural crops
     C. the primary route by which agricultural crops were transported
     D. a main source of power for most agricultural machinery
Bài 4 - Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions from 21 to 30.
We are descendants of the ice age. Periods of glaciation have spanned the whole of human existence for the past 2
million years. The rapid melting of the continental glaciers at the end of the last ice age spurred one of the most
dramatic climate changes in the history of the planet. During this inter-glacial time, people were caught up in a
cataclysm of human accomplishment, including the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Over the
past few thousand years, the Earth's climate has been extraordinarily beneficial, and humans have prospered
exceedingly well under a benign atmosphere.
Ice ages have dramatically affected life on Earth almost from the very beginning. It is even possible that life itself
significantly changed the climate. All living organisms pull carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and eventually
store it in sedimentary rocks within the Earth's crust. If too much carbon dioxide is lost, too much heat escapes out
into the atmosphere. This can cause the Earth to cool enough for glacial ice to spread across the land.
In general the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been equalized by the input of carbon
dioxide from such events as volcanic eruptions. Man, however, is upsetting the equation by burning fossil fuels and
destroying tropical rain forests, both of which release stored carbon dioxide. This energizes the greenhouse effect
and causes the Earth to warm. If the warming is significant enough, the polar ice caps eventually melt.
The polar ice caps drive the atmospheric and oceanic circulation systems. Should the ice caps melt, warm tropical
waters could circle the globe and make this a very warm, inhospitable planet.
Over the past century, the global sea level has apparently risen upwards of 6 inches, mainly because of the melting
of glacial ice. If present warming trends continue, the seas could rise as much as 6 feet by the next century. This
could flood coastal cities and fertile river deltas, where half the human population lives. Delicate wetlands, where
many marine species breed, also would be reclaimed by the sea. In addition, more frequent and severe storms
would batter coastal areas, adding to the disaster of the higher seas.
The continued melting of the great ice sheets in polar regions could cause massive amounts of ice to crash into the
ocean. This would further raise the sea level and release more ice, which could more than double the area of sea
ice and increase correspondingly the amount of sunlight reflected back into space. The cycle would then be
complete as this could cause global temperatures to drop enough to initiate another ice age.
Question 21. According to the passage, carbon dioxide is stored in each of the following EXCEPT
A. polar ice caps.      B. sedimentary rocks.       C. rain forests.        D. fossil fuel.
Question 22. What does the final paragraph of the passage mainly discuss?
A. The relationship between the ocean and the sun
B. The amount of sunlight reflected into space
C. A rise in global temperatures
D. The conditions that could lead to an ice age
Question 23. Which of the following does the author NOT mention as a consequence of a large rise in global sea
level?
A. The destruction of wetlands            B. The flooding of cities
C. A more diverse marine population        D. Severe storms
Question 24. According to the passage, what is the relationship between carbon dioxide and the Earth's climate?
A. Carbon dioxide, which is trapped in glacial ice, is released when warm temperatures cause the ice melt.
B. The greenhouse effect, which leads to the warming of the climate, is result of too much carbon stored in the
Earth's crust.
C. Rain causes carbon dioxide to be washed out of the atmosphere and into the ocean.
D. An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide results in the warming of the climate.
Question 25. The word "beneficial" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. calm           B. inviting            C. thoughtful           D. favorable
Question 26. The word "massive" can be replaced to
A. wide            B. huge             C. dense             D. thick
Question 27. It can be inferred from the passage that the development of agriculture
A. preceded the development of animal husbandry.
B. withstood vast changes in the Earth's climate.
C. did not take place during an ice age.
D. was unaffected by the greenhouse effect.
Question 28. The word "this" in the third paragraph refers to
A. man's upsetting the equation
B. the reduction of the level of carbon dioxide.
C. a volcanic eruption
D. the melting of the polar ice caps
Question 29. The word "inhospitable" is closest in meaning to
A. imperfect.        B. uninhabitable.       C. unlikable         D. cruel.
Question 30. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The possibility that the popular ice caps will melt
B. The coming of another ice age
C. Man's effect on the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere
D. The climate of the Earth over the years.
Bài 5 –
Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace Mann to work so hard to accomplish the
important reforms in education that he advocated. While he was still a boy, his father and older brother died, and
he became responsible for supporting his family. Like most of the children in his town, he attended school only two
or three months a year. Later, with the help of several teachers, he was able to study law and become a member of
the Massachusetts bar, but he never forgot those early struggles.
While serving in the Massachusetts legislature, he signed an historic education bill that set up a state board of
education. Without regret, he gave up his successful legal practice and political career to become the first secretary
of the board. There he exercised an enormous influence during the critical period of reconstruction that brought
into existence the American graded elementary school as a substitute for the older district school system. Under his
leadership, the curriculum was restructured, the school year was increased to a minimum of six months,
and mandatory schooling was extended to age sixteen. Other important reforms that came into existence under
Mann’s guidance included the establishment of state normal schools for teacher training, institutes for in service
teacher education, and lyceums for adult education. He was also instrumental in improving salaries for teachers
and creating school libraries.
Mann’s ideas about school reform were developed and distributed in the twelve annual reports to the state of
Massachusetts that he wrote during his tenure as secretary of education. Considered quite radical at the time, the
Massachusetts reforms later served as a model for the nation’s educational system. Mann was formally recognized
as the father of public education.

During his lifetime, Horace Mann worked tirelessly to extend educational opportunities to agrarian families and the
children of poor laborers. In one of his last speeches he summed up his philosophy of education and life: “Be
ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity.” Surely, his own life was an example of that
philosophy.

List of new vocabulary with their meaning


Adequate = Memenuhi syarat
Advocated = Mengajurkan

Enormous = Besar

The ideas of each paragraph


Paragraph 1: Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace Mann to work so hard to
accomplish the important reforms in education that he advocated.

Paragraph 2: While serving in the Massachusetts legislature, he signed an historic education bill that set up a state
board of education.

Paragraph 3: Mann’s ideas about school reform were developed and distributed in the twelve annual reports to the
state of Massachusetts that he wrote during his tenure as secretary of education.

Paragraph 4: During his lifetime, Horace Mann worked tirelessly to extend educational opportunities to agrarian
families and the children of poor laborers.

Answer questions given


1. Which of the following titles would best express the main topic of the passage?
a. The Father of American Public Education
b. Philosophy of Education

c. The Massachusetts State Board of Education

d. Politics of Educational Institutions

2. Why does the author mention Horace Mann’s early life?


a. As an example of the importance of an early education for success

b. To make the biography more complete


c. Because it served as the inspiration for his later work in education
d. In tribute to the teachers who helped him succeed

3. The word struggles in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by …


a. valuable experiences

b. happy situations

c. Influential people

d. difficult times
4. The word there refers to …
a. the Massachusetts legislature

b. the state board of education


c. Mann’s legal practice

d. his political career

5. The word mandatory in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to …


a. required
b. equal

c. excellent

d. basic

6. With which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?
a. Horace Mann’s influence on American education was very great
b. A small but important influence on American education was exerted by Horace Mann
c. Few educators fully understood Horace Mann’s influence on American education

d. The influence on American education by Horace Mann was not accepted or appreciated

7. Horace Mann advocated all of the following EXCEPT …


a. a state board of education

b. a district school system


c. classes for adult

d. graded elementary schools

8. The reforms that Horace Mann achieved …


a. were not very radical for the time

b. were used only by the state of Massachusetts

c. were later adopted by the nation as a model


d. were enforced by the Massachusetts bar

9. With which of the following statements would Horace Mann most probably agree?
a. Think in new ways

b. Help others 
c. Study as much as possible

d. Work hard
Bài Reading mới;

Read  the  following  passage  and  mark  the  letter  A,B,C  or  D  on  your  answer  sheet  to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions from 4 to 10.
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period
and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not
considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren
produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised
great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these
contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.
Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers,
like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they  were uncritical in their
selection and use of sources.
During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women
were engaged. National, regional, and local women's organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper
clippings,  and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women's history in the United
States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College.
Such sources have provided valuable materials for later Generations of historians.
Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth  Century, most of the writing about women
conformed to the "great women" theory of History, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on "great men." To
demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote
biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers,
activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of
ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.
Câu 1: In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth - century "great women" EXCEPT
________

● A. reformers
● B. politicians
● C. activists for women's rights
● D. authors
● Câu 2:Mã câu hỏi: 45507
The word "they" in the 2nd paragraph refers to________
o A. sources
o B. efforts
o C. authors
o D. counterparts
● Câu 3:Mã câu hỏi: 45508
In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that ________.

o A. even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored


o B. poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women
o C. only three women were able to get their writing published
o D. a woman's status was changed by marriage
● Câu 4:Mã câu hỏi: 45509
The word "representative" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to___________.

o A. satisfied
o B. typical
o C. distinctive
o D. supportive
● Câu 5:Mã câu hỏi: 45510

In the 2nd paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author point out?

o A. The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.
o B. They were printed on poor-quality paper.
o C. They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.
o D. They put too much emphasis on daily activities.
● Câu 6:Mã câu hỏi: 45511
What use was made of the nineteenth-century women's history materials in the Schlesinger Library and the Sophia Smith Collection?

o A. They provided valuable information for twentieth- century historical researchers.


o B. They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.
o C. They were shared among women's colleges throughout the United States.
o D. They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia.
● Câu 7:Mã câu hỏi: 45512
What does the passage mainly discuss?

o A. The place of American women in written histories


o B. The "great women" approach to history used by American historians
o C. The keen sense of history shown by American women
o D. The role of literature in early American histories

Bài mới tiếp:


Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 46 to 55.

Because the low latitudes of the Earth, the areas near the equator, receive more heat than the latitudes near the poles, and because the nature of heat is to
expand and move, heat is transported from the tropics to the middle and high latitudes. Some of this heat is moved by winds and some by ocean currents, and some
gets stored in the atmosphere in the form of latent heat. The term “latent heat” refers to the energy that has to be used to convert liquid water to water vapor. We
know that if we warm a pan of water on a stove, it will evaporate, or turn into vapor, faster than if it is allowed to sit at room temperature. We also know that if we
hang wet clothes outside in the summertime, they will dry faster than in winter, when temperature are colder. The energy used in both cases to change liquid water to
water vapor is supplied by heat – supplied by the stove in the first case and by the Sun in the latter case. This energy is not lost. It is stored as vapor in the atmosphere
as latent heat. Eventually, the water stored as vapor in the atmosphere will condense to liquid again, and the energy will be released to the atmosphere.

In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun’s incoming energy is used to evaporate water, primarily in the tropical oceans. Scienctists have tried to quantify
this proportion of the Sun’s energy. By analyzing temperature, water vapor, and wind data around the globe, they have estimated the quantity to be about 90 watts per
square meter, or nearly 30 percent of the Sun’s energy. Once this latent heat is stored within the atmosphere, it can be transported, primarily to higher latitudes, by
prevailing, large – scale winds. Or it can be transported vertically to higher levels in the atmosphere, where it forms clouds and subsequent storms, which then release
the energy back to the atmosphere.

Question 46: The passage mainly discusses how heat_________

A. is transformed and transported in the Earth’s atmosphere.

B. is transported by ocean currents.

C. can be measured and analyzed by scientists.

D. moves about the Earth’s equator.

Question 47: The passage mentions that the tropics differ from the Earth’s polar regions in which of the following ways?
A. The height of cloud formation in the atmosphere.

B. The amount of heat they receive from the Sun.

C. The strength of their large scale winds.

D. The strength of their oceanic currents.

Question 48: The word “convert” is closest in meaning to__________

A. mix B. change C. adapt D. reduce

Question 49: Why does the author mention “the stove” in line 9th ?

A. To describe the heat of the Sun. B. To illustrate how water vapor is stored.

C. To show how energy is stored. D. To give an example of a heat source

Question 50: According to the passage, most ocean water evaporation occurs especially_________

A. around the higher latitudes B. in the tropics

C. because of large – scale winds D. because of strong ocean currents

Question 51: According to the passage, 30 percent of the Sun’s incoming energy_________

A. is stored in clouds in the lower latitudes. B. is transported by ocean currents.

C. never leaves the upper atmosphere. D. gets stored as latent heat.

Question 52: The underlined word “it” refers to_______

A. square meter B. the Sun’s energy C. latent heat D. the atmosphere

Question 53: The word “primarily” is closest in meaning to __________

A. chiefly B. originally C. basically D. clearly

Question 54: The word “prevailing” is closest in meaning to _________

A. essential B. dominant C. circular D. closest

Question 55: All of the following words/ phrases are defined in the passage EXCEPT________

A. low latitudes (line 1st) B. latent heat (line 4th)

C. evaporate (line 6th) D. atmosphere (line 10th)


American jazz is a conglomeration of sounds borrowed from such varied sources as American and African folk music, European classical music,
and Christian gospel songs. One of the recognizable characteristics of jazz is its use of improvisation: certain parts of the music are written out and
played the same way by various performers, and other improvised parts are created spontaneously during a performance and vary widely from
performer to performer.
The earliest form of jazz was ragtime, lively songs or rags performed on the piano, and the best-known of the ragtime performers and composers
was Scott Joplin. Born in 1868 to former slaves, Scott Joplin earned his living from a very early age playing the piano in bars along the Mississippi. One
of his regular jobs was in the Maple Leaf Club in Sedalia, Missouri. It was there that he began writing the more than 500 compositions that he was to
produce, the most famous of which was "The Maple Leaf Rag."

11. This passage is about


A. jazz in general and one specific type of jazz
B. the various sources of jazz
C. the life of Scott Joplin
D. the major characteristics of jazz

12. The word "conglomeration" in line 1 could best be replaced by


A. Disharmony
B. Mixture
C. Purity
D. treasure

13. In line 3, the word "improvisation" involves which of the following?


A. Playing the written parts of the music
B. Performing similarly to other musicians
C. Making up music while playing
D. Playing a varied selection of musical compositions

14. According to the passage, ragtime was


A. Generally performed on a variety of instruments
B. the first type of jazz
C. extremely soothing and sedate
D. performed only at the Maple Leaf Club in Sedalia

15. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?


A. Scott Joplin was a slave when he was born.
B. Scott Joplin's parents had been slaves before Scott was born.
C. Scott Joplin had formerly been a slave, but he no longer was after 1868.
D. Scott Joplin's parents were slaves when Scott was born.

16. The word "living" in line 9 could most easily be replaced by


A. Money
B. life-style
C. enjoyment
D. health

17. The word "regular" in line 10 could best be replaced by


A. Popular
B. Steady
C. Unusual
D. boring

18. The word "which" in line 12 refers to


A. regular jobs
B. the Maple Leaf Club
C. Sedalia, Missouri
D. 500 compositions

19. The name of Scott Joplin's most famous composition probably came from
A. the name of a saloon where he performed
B. the maple tree near his Sedalia home
C. the name of the town where he was born
D. the school where he learned to play the piano

20. The paragraph following the passage probably discuss


A. Sedalia, Missouri
B. the Maple Leaf Club
C. the numerous compositions of Scott Joplin
D. the life of Scott Joplin
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In
many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of
communication - having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionals worried. Some doctors
are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England,
there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of
such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones.
Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning equipment. In one case, a
travelling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple
tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a
day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his
employer's doctor didn't agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High- tech machines can detect
very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but
they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. Use your
regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones
can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label
that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often.
1. According to the passage, cell phones are especially popular with young people because
A. they keep the users alert all the time.
B. they are indispensable in everyday communications.
C. they make them look more stylish.
D. they cannot be replaced by regular phones.
2. The word “Means” in the passage most closely means
A. transmission
B. method
C. meanings
D. expression
3. Doctors have tentatively concluded that cell phones may
A. change their users' temperament
B. damage their users' emotions
C. change their users' social behaviours
D. cause some mental malfunction
4. Negative publicity " in the passage most likely means
A. the negative public use of cell phones.
B. poor ideas about the effects of cell phones.
C. information on the lethal effects of cell phones,
D. widespread opinion about bad effects of cell phones.
5. The changes possibly caused by the cell phones are mainly concerned with
A. the mobility of the mind and the body.
B. the arteries of the brain.
C. the smallest units of the brain.
D. the resident memory.
6. The man mentioned in the passage, who used his cell phone too often
A. suffered serious loss of mental ability.
B. abandoned his family.
C. could no longer think lucidly.
D. had a problem with memory.
7. The most suitable title for the passage could be
A. The Reasons Why Mobile Phones Are Popular.
B. Technological Innovations and Their Price.
C. The Way Mobile Phones Work.
D. Mobile Phones: A Must of Our Time.

Reality television is genre of television programming which, (it is claimed), presents unscripted dramatic or humorous
situation, documents actual events, and features ordinary rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form
of artificial or “heightened” documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of
television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.
Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble
the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai),
to surveillance- or voyeurism- focused productions such as Big Brother.
Critics say that the term “reality television” is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a
modifies and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic location or abnormal situations, sometimes
coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other
post-production techniques.
Part of reality television’s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example,
on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, traveling on extraordinary dates to
scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent
and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some
degree of celebrity.
Some commentators have said that the name “reality television” is an inaccurate description for several styles of
program included in the genre. In competition- based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and other special-living-
environment shows like The Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities
and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically
select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage particular
behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and
avoids the word “reality” to describe his shows; he has said, “I tell good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is
unscripted drama.”
Question 61: In the first line, the writer says “it is claimed” because _____.
A. they are agree with the statement
B. everyone agrees with the statement
C. no one agrees with the statement
D. they want to distance themselves from the statement
Question 62: Reality television has __________.
A. always been this popular
B. been popular since before 2000
C. only been popular since 2000
D. been popular since approximately 2000
Question 63: Japan _____ .
A. is the only one place to produce demeaning TV shows
B. has produced demeaning TV shows copied elsewhere
C. produced Big Brother
D. invented surveillance focused productions
Question 64: People have criticized reality television because_____
A. it is demeaning
B. it uses exotic locations
C. the name is inaccurate
D. it shows reality
Question 65: Reality TV appeals to some because _________
A. it shows eligible males dating women
B. it uses exotic locations
C. it shows average people in exceptional circumstances
D. it can turn ordinary people into celebrities
Question 66: Pop Idol _____.
A. turns all its participants into celebrities
B. is more likely to turn its participants into celebrities than Big Brother
C. is less likely to turn its participants into celebrities than Big Brother
D. is a dating show
Question 67: The term “reality television” is inaccurate __________.
A. for all programs
B. just for Big Brother and Survivor
C. for talent and performance programs
D. for special-living-environment programs
Question 68: Producers choose the participants _____.
A. on the ground of talent
B. only for special-living- environment shows
C. to create conflict among other things
D. to make a fabricated world
Question 69: Paul Burnett _______.
A. was a-participant on Survivor
B. is a critic of reality TV
C. thinks the term “reality television” is inaccurate
D. writes the script for Survivor
Question 70: Shows like Survivor_____.
A. are definitely reality TV
B. are scripted
C. have good narratives
D. are theatre

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive
population growth. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada’s
population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase. The depression of
the 1930s and the war had held back marriages, and the catching-up process began after 1945. The baby boom
continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five yea
rs
from 1951 to 1956. This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before in Canada’s history, in the decade b
efore 1911, when the prairies were being settled. Undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950s
supported a
growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in t
he average size of families. In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one of the highest in
the world.
After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966 it
stood at the lowest level in 25 years. Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and th
e
war, but it was also caused by changes in Canadian society. Young people were staying at school longer, more wo
men were working; young married couples were buying automobiles or houses before starting families; rising living
standards were cutting down the size of families. It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the tre
nd toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the
Industrial Revolution.
Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase in the first half of the
1960s was only nine percent), another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed o
f the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.
Question 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Educational changes in Canadian society        B. Canada during the Second World War
C. Population trends in postwar Canada               D. Standards of living in Canada
Question 2. The word “five” in bold refers to
A. Canadians             B. years                      C. decades                 D. marriages
Question 3. The word “surging” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. new                        B. extra          C. accelerating          D. surprising
Question 4. The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950’s
A. the urban population decreased rapidly          B. fewer people married
C. economic conditions were poor                        D. the birth rate was very high
Question 5. The word “trend” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. tendency               B. aim                         C. growth                   D. directive
Question 6. The word “peak” in bold is closest in meaning to
A. pointed                              B. dismal                    C. mountain               D. maximum
Question 7. The author mention all of the following as causes of declines in population growth after 1957 EXCEPT
A. people being better educated                            B. people getting married earlier
C. better standards of living                                   D. couples buying houses
Question 8. It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution
A. families were larger                                            B. population statistics were unreliable
C. the population grew steadily                             D. economic conditions were bad
Question 9. The word “it” in bold refers to
A. horizon                             B. population wave        C. nine percent  D. first half
Question 10. The phrase “prior to” in bold is closest in meaning to
A.  behind                               B. since          C. during                    D. preceding
Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds. When this short amount of time elapses, however, the
numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way
to the short term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is
of immediate interest to pass on to the STM, also known as the working memory.
There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory. The most accepted theory comes from
George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of
information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or name rather than just a letter or
number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking, or classifying
similar information together. By organizing information, one can optimize the STM, and improve the chances of a memory
being passed on to long term storage.
When making a conscious effort to memorize something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote
rehearsal". By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of
memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it
has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by
repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before a person has the opportunity to make a phone
call, he will likely forget the number instantly.* Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the
short term to long term memory.* A better way is to practice "elaborate rehearsal".* This involves assigning semantic
meaning to a piece of information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.*
Encoding information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information can be done by recognition or
recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often; however, if a memory
seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the
more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of
memorization.
Reading Comprehension questions:
1. According to the passage, how do memories get transferred to the STM?
A) They revert from the long term memory.
B) They are filtered from the sensory storage area.
C) They get chunked when they enter the brain.
D) They enter via the nervous system.
2. The word elapses in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
A) passes
B) adds up
C) appears
D) continues
3. All of the following are mentioned as places in which memories are stored EXCEPT the:
A) STM
B) long term memory
C) sensory storage area
D) maintenance area
4. Why does the author mention a dog's bark?
A) To give an example of a type of memory
B) To provide a type of interruption
C) To prove that dogs have better memories than humans
D) To compare another sound that is loud like a doorbell
5. How do theorists believe a person can remember more information in a short time?
A) By organizing it
B) By repeating it
C) By giving it a name
D) By drawing it
6. The author believes that rote rotation is:
A) the best way to remember something
B) more efficient than chunking
C) ineffective in the long run
D) an unnecessary interruption

7. The word it in the last paragraph refers to:


A) encoding
B) STM
C) semantics
D) information
8. The word elaborate in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
A) complex
B) efficient
C) pretty
D) regular
The correct answer is A. This is a vocabulary question.
9. Which of the following is NOT supported by the passage?
A) The working memory is the same as the short term memory.
B) A memory is kept alive through constant repetition.
C) Cues help people to recognize information.
D) Multiple choice exams are the most difficult.
10. The word cues in the passage is closest in meaning to
A) questions
B) clues
C) images
D) tests
Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking, and salting
could preserve meat for a short time , but the availability of fresh meat , like that of fresh milk, was very limited, there was
no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810 a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking and sealing
process of canning. And in the 1850s an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving
milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because
cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-
produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.Other trends
and inventions had also helped make it possible for American to vary their daily diets. Growing urban populations created
demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and
meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city
dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most ,
for up to six months of the year . In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. An easy
means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand
commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so
until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s.Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet.
Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavy in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford
meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to
achieve more varied fare. 
20. What does the passage mainly discuss?
               (A) Causes of food spoilage       
               (B) Commercial production of ice
               (C) Inventions that led to changes in the American diet
               (D) Population movements in the nineteenth century
 
            21. The phrase “in season” in line 2 refers to
               (A) a kind of weather
              (B) a particular time of year
               (C) an official schedule
              (D) a method of flavoring food
 
            22. The word “prevent” in line 4 is closest in meaning to
               (A) estimate
               (B) avoid
               (C) correct
               (D) confine
 
            23. During the 1860's, canned food products were
               (A) unavailable in rural areas
               (B) shipped in refrigerator cars
               (C) available in limited quantities
               (D) a staple part of the American diet
 
            24. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use
               (A) before 1860
               (B) before 1890
               (C) after 1900
               (D) after 1920
 
            25. The word “them ” in line 14 refers to
               (A) refrigerator cars
               (B) perishables
               (C) growers
               (D) distances
 
            26. The word “fixture” in line 20 is closest in meaning to
               (A) luxury item
               (B) substance
               (C) commonplace object
               (D) mechanical device
 
            27. The author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home deliveries of ice
               (A) decreased in number
               (B) were on an irregular schedule
               (C) increased in cost
             (D) occurred only in the summer
 
            28. The word “Nevertheless” in line 24 is closest in meaning to
               (A) therefore
               (B) because
               (C) occasionally
               (D) however
 
            29. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?
               (A) Drying
               (B) Canning
               (C) Cold storage
               (D) Chemical additives
 
            30. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
               (A) Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available.
               (B) Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owners.
               (C) Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.
               (D) People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.

Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month
of their lives, babies’ responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of
auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At
first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at
the end of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables
pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies’
emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is
playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, the
volume, and melody of adult speech.

Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed
babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax,
short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that
when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words.
They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make
relatively fine distinction between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely
those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too; even as young as nine months old they will listen to songs or stories,
although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than
the route to convey meaning that it often is for adults.
Câu 21

The passage mainly discusses _____

A. the response of babies to sounds other than the human voice

B.how babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds

C. the differences between a baby’s and an adult’s ability to comprehend language

D. how babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development

Câu 22

The author mentions a bell and a rattle in paragraph 1 in order to ____

A. give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry

B.give examples of typical toys that babies do not like

C. explain how babies distinguish between nonhuman sounds

D. contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds

Câu 23

The author mentions syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflection in order to ____ .

A. demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions

B.illustrate that a six-week-old baby can already distinguish some language differences

C. provide an example of ways adults speak to babies

D. give a reason for babies’ difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another
Câu 24

The word “noted” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .

A. observed

B.disagreed

C. theorized

D. requested

Câu 25

The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to_______ .

A. mothers

B.words

C. babies

D. investigation

Câu 26

All of the following are mentioned as ways adults use to modify their speech when talking to babies EXCEPT_______.

A. using meaningless sounds

B.speaking more loudly than normal

C. speaking with shorter sentences

D. giving all words equal emphasis


Câu 27

It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that _____ .

A. the mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak

B.mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways

C. babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language

D. babies ignores facial expressions in comprehending aural language

Câu 28

The point the author makes to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire languages is that____ .

A. babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds

B.babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions

C. babies begin to understand words in songs

D. babies are more sensitive to sounds than adults are

Câu 29

According to the author, babies listen to songs and stories even though they cannot understand them because____.

A. they understand the rhythm

B.they enjoy the sound

C. they focus on the meaning of their parents’ words

D. they can remember them easily


Câu 30

All of the following are true about young babies EXCEPT that they____.

A. use language the way adults do

B.consider language as a source of joy

C. find pleasure from what they hear

D. enjoy listening to music without understanding it

Câu 31 The word “emphasize” is closest in meaning to

A. Stress
B. Leave out
C. explain
D. repeat

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that have existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a
species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species' death vary from
situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures
may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will
then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment,
resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred
throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions, many species became extinct
at the same time- a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with
the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225
million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died. Mass extinction can be caused by a relatively rapid
change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something
were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affecting even
organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.One interesting, and
controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intensive every 26 million
years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth's orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is
purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species
may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species' survival may have nothing to do with its ability
or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.
1. The word “it” in line 2 refers to
A. environment
B. Species
C. extinction
D. 99 percent
2. The word “ultimately” in line 7 is closest meaning to
A. exceptionally
B. dramaticall
C. eventually
D. unforunately
3. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earth’s history? • • • • . C
A. They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms
B. They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
C. They have caused rapid change in the environment.
D. They are no longer in existence
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological change? • • • •
A. Temperature changes
B. Availability of food resources
C. Introduction of new species
D. Competition among species
5. The word “demise” in line 12 is closest in meaning to
A. Change
B. recovery
C. help
D. death
6. Why is “ plankton” mentioned in line 16?
A. To demonstrate the interdependence of different species
B. To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.
C. To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in the ocean
D. To point out that certain species could never become extinct.
7. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that
A. extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earth’s history.
B. Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive
C. there has been only one mass extinction in Earth’s history.
D. dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.
8. The word “finding” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
A. published information
B. research method
C. ongoing experiment
D. scientific discovery
9. Which of the following can be inferred from the theory of periodic extinction mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it
B. evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
C. The theory is no longer seriously considered.
D. Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
10. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species‟ survival?
A. It reflects the interrelationship of may species.
B. It may depend on chance events.
C. It does not vary greatly from species to species
D. It is associated with astronomical conditions.
11. According to the passage, it is believed that the largest extinction of a species occurred _______.
A. 26 million years ago
B. 250 million
C. 225 million
D. 65 million
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.
The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a
group or an individual and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice
of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language
itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the
utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate uncertainty or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal
levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the participant’s tone
can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm
or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is
highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and/or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and
in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will
determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.
Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be
indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality
traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an
overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation
can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the
voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of
the depressed.  
Câu 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Communication styles.    

B. The function of the voice in performance.


C. The production of speech.            

D. The connection between voice and personality.

Câu 2: According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be an indication of a person's ______.

A. vocal quality     

B. general physical health   

C. ability to communicate 

D. personality

Câu 3: The word "evidenced" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.

A. indicated     

B. questioned  
C. exaggerated            

D. repeated

Câu 4: The word "derived" in paragraph one is closest in meaning to ______.                

A. obtained

B. discussed    

C. registered    

D. prepared

Câu 5: Why does the author mention "artistic, political, or pedagogic communication" in paragraph 1?

A. To contrast them to singing        

B. As examples of public performance


C. As examples of basic styles of communication  

D. To introduce the idea of self-image

Câu 6: According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide ______.

A. shyness       

B. strength       

C. hostility                   

D. friendliness

Câu 7: The word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to ______.

A. self-image      

B. personality                 
C. tone of voice     

D. psychological

Câu 8: What does the author mean by staring that "At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen"?

A. Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.

B. A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication.

C. The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words.

D. Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.

Câu 9 The word "Here" in line 9 refers to ______

A. interpersonal interaction
B. The tone
C. ideas and feelings
D. words chosen

Câu 10: According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?

A. Lethargy
B. Depression
C. Boredom
D. Anger

Câu 11 The word "drastically" in line 21 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. Severely
B. Easily
C. exactly
D. frequently

Around the year 1500, hunting people occupied the entire northern third of North America. They lived well from the animals with which
they shared these lands. Hunters of sea mammals had colonized the Arctic coasts of Canada and Greenland between four and five thousand
years before. Land-hunting people had lived throughout much of the northern interior for at least 12,000 years.
Northern North America is part of a larger circumpolar ecological domain that continues across the narrow Bering Strait into Siberia and
northern Europe. The overall circumpolar environment in the 1500's was not very different from the environment of the present. This vast
landmass had a continental climate and was dominated by cold arctic air throughout a long winter and spring season. Summer temperature
ranged from near freezing to the mid-20's Celsius, while winter temperature were often as low as 40 degrees below zero Celsius.
...

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?


(A) The hunting people of North America
(B) The circumpolar environment of the sixteenth century
(C) Animals that inhabit the Arctic coast
(D) The geography of Canada and Greenland
2. The word “domain”in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) temperature
(B) period
(C) region
(D) process
3. Which of the following terms is used to describe the landforms
of the Arctic region?
(A) Subarctic
(B) Taiga
(C) Tundra
(D) Muskeg
4. For how many months of the yearwere temperatures below freezing
in the circumpolar region?
(A) 4-5 months (B) 6 months
(C) 8-9 months (D) 12 months
5. The word “saturated”in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) enriched (B) dissolved
(C) removed (D) soaked
6. The word “arduous”in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) humid (B) difficult
(C) indirect (D) unnecessary
7. The word “standing”in line 25 is closest in meaning to
(A) not flowing (B) very deep
(C) numerous (D) contaminated
8. All of the following are mentioned ashaving made travel in the summer
difficult EXCEPT
(A) insects (B) wet clothing
(C) swampy lands (D) lack of supplies
9. The subsurface soil in the Arctic`s tundra is most comparable to which
of the following?
(A) Cement (B) A bog
(C) A pond (D) Sand
10. Where in the passage does the author mention a means by which
people traveled in the northern lands?
(A) Lines 2-4
(B) Lines 6-7
(C) Lines 20-21
(D) Lines 27-29
Social parasitism involves one species relying on another to raise its young. Among vertebrates, the best known social parasites are such
birds as cuckoos and cowbirds; the female lays egg in a nest belonging to another species and leaves it for the host to rear
The dulotic species of ants, however, are the supreme social parasites. Consider, for example, the unusual behavior of ants belonging to
the genus Polyergus. All species of this ant have lost the ability to care for themselves. The workers do not forage for food, feed their brood
or queen, or even clean their own nest. To compensate for these deficits, Polyergus has become specialized at obtaining workers from the
related genus Formica to do these chores
In a raid, several thousand Polyergus workers will travel up to 500 feet in search of a Formica nest, penetrate it, drive off the queen and her
workers, capture the pupal brood, and transport it back to their nest. The captured brood is then reared by the resident Formica workers
until the developing pupae emerge to add to the Formica population, which maintains the mixed-species nest. The Formica workers forage
for food and give it to colony members of both species. They also remove wastes and excavate new chambers as the population increases
The true extent of the Polyergus and dependence on the Formica becomes apparent when the worker population grows too large for
existing nest. Formica scouts locate a new nesting site, return to the mixed-species colony, and recruit additional Formica nest mates. During
a period that may last seven days, the Formica workers carry to the new nest all the Polyergus eggs, larvae, and pupae, every Polyergus adult,
and even the Polyergus queen
Of the approximately 8000 species of ants in the world, all 5 species of Polyergus and some 200 species in other genera have evolved some
degree of parasitic relationship with other ants

Câu hỏi số 1:
Which of the following statements best represents the main idea of the passage?
A. Ants belonging to the genus Formica are incapable of performing certain tasks.
B. The genus Polyergus is quite similar to the genus Formica.
C. ants belonging to the genus Poiyergus have an unusual relationship with ants genus belonging to the Formica.
D. Polyergus ants frequently leave their nests to build new colonies.

Câu hỏi số 2:

The word “raise” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________ .


A. rear
B. lift
C. collect
D. increase

Câu hỏi số 3: The author mentions “cuckoos and cowbirds” in paragraph 1 because they ________ .
A. share their nests with each other
B. are closely related species
C. aise the young of their birds
D. are social parasites
Câu hỏi số 4:
The word “it” in parasraph 1 refers to ____________ .
A. species
B. nest
C. egg
D. female

Câu hỏi số 5:
What does the author mean by stating that “The dulotic species of ants ... are the supreme social parasites”?
A. The Polyergus are more highly developed than the Formica.
B. The Formica have developed specialized roles.
C. The Polyergus are heavily dependent on the Formica.
D. The Formica do not reproduce rapidly enough to care for themselves.

Câu hỏi số 6: Which of the following is a task that an ant of the genus Polyergus might do?
A. look for food
B. raid another nest
C. care for the young
D. clean its own nest

Câu hỏi số 7: The word “excavate” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________ .


A. find
B. clean
C. repair
D. dig

Câu hỏi số 8:
The word “recruit” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to __________ .
A. create
B. enlist
C. endure
D. capture

Câu hỏi số 9: What happens when a mixed colony of Polyergus and Formica ants become too large?
A. The Polyergus workers enlarge the existing nest.
B. The captured Fonnica workers return to their original nest.
C. The Polyergus and the Formica build separate nests.
D. The Polycrgus and the Formica move to a new nest.

Câu hỏi số 10:


According to the information in the passage, all of the following terms refer to ants belonging to the genus Formica EXCEPT the
_________ .

A. dulotic species of ants


B. captured brood
C. developing pupae
D. worker population

The Winterthur Museum is a collection and a house. There are many museums devoted to the decorativearts and many
house museums, but rarely in the United States is a great collection displayed in a greatcountry house. Passing through
successive generations of a single family, Winterthur has been a privateestate for more than a century. Even after the
extensive renovations made to it between 1929 and 1931, thehouse remained a family residence. This fact is of importance to
the atmosphere and effect of the museum.The impression of a lived-in house is apparent to the visitor: the rooms look as if
they were vacated only ashort while ago whether by the original owners of the furniture or the most recent residents of the
housecan be a matter of personal interpretation. Winterthur remains, then, a house in which a collection offurniture and
architectural elements has been assembled. Like an English country house, it is an organicstructure; the house, as well as the
collection and manner of displaying it to the visitor, has changed overthe years. The changes have coincided with developing
concepts of the American arts, increasedknowledge on the part of collectors and students, and a progression toward the
achievement of a historicaleffect in period-room displays. The rooms at Winterthur have followed this current, yet still retained
thecharacter of a private house
 21. What does the passage mainly discuss?
              (A) The reason that Winterthur was redesigned
              (B) Elements that make Winterthur an unusual museum
              (C) How Winterthur compares to English country houses
              (D) Historical furniture contained in Winterthur
 
            22. The phrase “devoted to”in line 2 is closest in meaning to
              (A) surrounded by
              (B) specializing in
              (C) successful with
            (D) sentimental about
           
            23. What happened at Winterthur between 1929 and 1931 ?
              (A) The owners moved out.
              (B) The house was repaired.
              (C) The old furniture was replaced.
              (D) The estate became a museum.
 
            24. What does the author mean by stating “The impression of a lived-in
              house is apparent to the visitor”(line 7) ?
              (A) Winterthur is very old.        
              (B) Few people visit Winterthur.
              (C) Winterthur does not look like a typical museum.
              (D) The furniture at Winterthur looks comfortable
 
            25. The word “assembled”in line 11 is closest in meaning to
              (A) summoned
              (B) appreciated
              (C) brought together
              (D) fundamentally changed
 
            26. The word “it”in line 12 refers to
              (A) Winterthur
              (B) collection
              (C) English country house
              (D) visitor
 
            27. The word “developing”in line 14 is closest in meaning to
              (A) traditional
              (B) exhibiting
              (C) informative
              (D) evolving
           
            28. According to the passage, objects in a period room are related by all of the
             following EXCEPT
              (A) date
              (B) style
              (C) place of manufacture
              (D) past ownership
 
            29. What si the relationship between the two paragraphs in the passage?
              (A) The second paragraph explains a term that was mentioned in the
                first paragraph.
              (B) Each paragraph describes a dafferent approach to the display of
                objects in a museum.
              (C) The second paragraph of explains a philosophy art appreciation that
                contrasts with the philosophy explained in the first paragraph.
              (D) Each paragraph describes a different historical period.
 
            30. Where is the passage does the author explain why displays at Winterthur have
             changed?
              (A) Lines 1-3
              (B) Lines 5-6
              (C) Lines 7-10
              (D) Lines 13-16

The modern comic strip started out as ammunition in a newspaper war between giants of the American press in the late nineteenth
century. The first full-color comic strip appeared in January 1894 in the New York World, owned by Joseph Pulitzer. The first
regular weekly full-color comic supplement, similar to today’s Sunday funnies, appeared two years later, in William Randolph
Hearst’s rival New York paper, the Morning Journal.
Both were immensely popular and publishers realized that supplementing the news with comic relief boosted the sale of papers.
The Morning Journal started another feature in 1896, the “Yellow Kid”, the first continuous comic character in the United States,
whose creator, Richard Outcault, had been lured away from the World by the ambitious Hearst. The “Yellow Kid” was in many ways
a pioneer. Its comic dialogue was the strictly urban farce that came to characterize later strips, and it introduced the speech
balloon inside the strip, usually placed above the characters’ heads.
The first strip to incorporate all the elements of later comics was Rudolph Dirks’s “Katzenjammer Kids”, based on Wilhelm Busch’s
Max and Moritz, a European satire of the nineteenth century. The “Kids” strip, first published in 1897, served as the prototype for
future American strips. It contained not only speech balloons, but a continuous cast of characters, and was divided into small
regular panels that did away with the larger panoramic scenes of earlier comics.

Question 61: In what order does the author discuss various comic strips in the passage?
A. In the order in which they were created.
B. According to the newspaper in which they appeared.
C. In alphabetical order by title.
D. From most popular to least popular.

Question 62: According to the passage, the “Yellow Kid” was the first comic strip to do all of the following EXCEPT _______.
A. characterize city life in a humorous way
B. include dialogue inside a balloon
C. feature the same character in each episode
D. appear in a Chicago newspaper

Question 63: The word “prototype” is closest in meaning to _______.


A. humor B. model C. story D. drawing
Question 64: The word “staple” is closest in meaning to _______.
A. new version
B. huge success
C. popular edition
D. regular feature
Question 65: The word “incorporate” is closest in meaning to _______.
A. mention B. create C. combine D. affect
Question 66: Why does the author mention Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst?
A. They established New York’s first newspaper.
B. They published comic strips about the newspaper war.
C. Their comic strips are still published today.
D. They owned major competitive newspapers.
Question 67: The word “it” refers to _______.
A. farce
B. balloon
C. the “Yellow Kid”
D. dialogue
Question 68: The passage suggests that comic strips were popular for which of the following reasons?
A. Readers could identify with the characters.
B. They were about real-life situations.
C. They provided a break from serious news stories.
D. Readers enjoyed the unusual drawings.
Question 69: To say that Richard Outcault had been “lured away from” the World by Hearst means which of the following?
A. Hearst convinced Outcault to leave the World.
B. Hearst warned Outcault not to leave the World.
C. Hearst wanted Outcault to work for the World.
D. Hearst fired Outcault from the World.
Question 70: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The differences between early and modern comic strips.
B. A comparison of two popular comic strips.
C. Features of early comic strips in the United States.
D. The effects of newspapers on comic strip stories
Tools and hand bones excavated from the Swartkrans cave complex in South Africa suggest that a close relative of early
humans known as Australopithecus robustus may have made and used primitive tools long before the species became extinct
1 million years ago. It may even have made and used primitive tools long before humanity's direct ancestor, Homo habilis,
or “handy man,” began doing so. Homo habilis and its successor, Homo eretus, coexisted with Australopithecus robustus on
plains of South Africa for more than a million years. The Swartkrans cave in South Africa has been under excavation since the
1940's. The earliest fossil-containing layers of sedimentary rock in the cave date from about 1.9 million years ago and contain
extensive remains of animals, primitive tools, and two or more species of apelike hominids. The key recent discovery involved
bones from the hand of Australopithecus robustus, the first time such bones have been found. The most important feature of
the Australopithecus robustus hand was the pollical distal thumb tip, the last bone in the thumb. The bone had an attachment
point for a “uniquely human” muscle, the flexor pollicis longus, that had previously been found  only in more recent ancestors.
That muscle gave Australopithecus robustus an opposable thumb, a feature that would allow them to grip objects, including
tools. The researchers also found primitive bone and stone implements, especially digging tools, in the same  layers of
sediments.

16. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that all of the following
                may have made and used tools EXCEPT
              (A) Australopithecus robustus
              (B) Home erectus
              (C) Home habilis
              (D) Australopithecus robustus' ancestors
 
            17. Which of the following does the author mention as the most important
                recent discovery made in the Swartkrans cave?
              (A) Tools
              (B) Teeth
              (C) Plant fossils
              (D) Hand bones
 
            18. What does the third paragraph mainly discuss?
              (A) Features of Australopithecus robustus' hand
              (B) Purposes for which hominids used tools
              (C) Methods used to determine the age of fossils 
              (D) Significant plant fossils found in layers of sediment
 
            19. It can be inferred from the description in the last paragraph that
                Australopithecus robustus was so named because of the species'
              (A) ancestors
              (B) thumb
              (C) build
              (D) diet
 
            20. The word “supplant”in line 24 is closest in meaning to
              (A) exploit
              (B) displace
              (C) understand
              (D) imitate
 
            21. The word “them” in line 25 refers to
              (A) tools
              (B) Homo habilis
              (C) Australopithecus robustus
            (D) experts
 
            22. The word “innate” in line 25 is closest in meaning to
              (A) inherent
              (B) incidental
              (C) objective
              (D) irrelevant
 
            23. What does the author suggest is unclear about Australopithecus robustus?
              (A) whether they used tools
              (B) what they most likely ate
              (C) whether they are closely related to humans
              (D) why they became extinct   
24. word “extensive” in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A)    Numerous 
(B)    Exposed
(C)    Ancient
(D)    Valuable
25. The phrase “reliance on” in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A)  impact on
(B)  dependence on
(C)  tolerance of
(D)  discovery of

A distinctively American architecture began with Frank Lloyd Wright, who had taken
            to heart the admonition that form should follow function, and who thought of buildings
            not as separate architectural entities but as parts of an organic whole that included the
 Line     land, the community, and the society. In a very real way the houses of colonial New
  (5)      England and some of the southern plantations had been functional, but Wright was the
            first architect to make functionalism the authoritative principle for public as well as for
            domestic buildings.
              As early as 1906 he built the Unity Temple in Oak Park, Illinois, the first of those
            churches that did so much to revolutionize ecclesiastical architecture in the United
 (10)      States. Thereafter he turned his genius to such miscellaneous structures as houses,
            schools, office buildings, and factories, among them the famous Larkin Building
            in Buffalo, New York, and the Johnson Wax Company Building in Racine, Wisconsin.   
 
 
            1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
              (A) The architecture of public buildings
              (B) An architectural pioneer
              (C) New England architecture
              (D) principles of architecture
 
            2. The phrase “taken to heart” in lines 1-2 is closest in meaning to which
               of the following?
              (A) Taken seriously
              (B) Criticized
              (C) Memorized
              (D) Taken offence
 
            3. The word “admonition” in line 2 is closest in meaning to
              (A) monition
              (B) support
              (C) discussion
              (D) consideration
 
            4. The word “entities” in line 3 is closest in meaning to
              (A) principles
              (B) existences
              (C) subtractions
              (D) properties
 
            5. In what way did Wright's public buildings differ from most of those
               built by earlier architects?
              (A) They were built on a larger scale.
              (B) Their materials came from the southern United States.
              (C) They looked more like private homes.
              (D) Their designs were based on how they would be used.
 
            6. The author mentions the Unity Temple because it
              (A) was Wright's first building
              (B) influenced the architecture of subsequent churches
              (C) demonstrated traditional ecclesiastical architecture
              (D) was the largest church Wright ever designed
 
            7. Which of the following statements best reflects one of Frank Lloyd Wright's
               architectural principles?
              (A) Beautiful design is more important than utility.
              (B) Ecclesiastical architecture should be derived from traditional designs.
              (C) A building should fit into its surroundings.
              (D) The architecture of public buildings does not need to be revolutionary.
 
            8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of structure Frank Lloyd
               Wright made ?
              (A) houses
              (B) factories
              (C) southern plantations
              (D) churches
After inventing dynamite, Swedish-born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man. However, he foresaw its universally
destructive powers too late. Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite, so in 1895, just two weeks
before his death, he created a fund to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contributions to
mankind. Originally there were five awards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, and peace. Economics was added in
1968, just sixty-seven years after the first awards ceremony. Nobel's original legacy of nine million dollars was invested, and
the interest on this sum is used for the awards which vary from
125,000. Every year on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, the awards (gold medal, illuminated diploma, and
money) are presented to the winners. Sometimes politics plays an important role in the judges' decisions. Americans have
won numerous science awards, but relatively few literature prizes. No awards were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the
beginning of World War II. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare; others have shared their prizes. No awards
were presented from 1940 to 1942 at the beginning of World War 11. Some people have won two prizes, but this is rare;
others have shared their prizes.

Câu 1: The word "foresaw" in the first paragraph is nearest in meaning to ________.
A. prevailed
B. postponed
C. prevented
D. predicted
Câu 2: The Nobel prize was established in order to ________.
A. recognize worthwhile contributions to humanity
B. resolve political differences
C. honor the inventor of dynamite
D. spend money
Câu 3: In which area have Americans received the most awards?
A. Literature
B. Peace
C. Economics
D. Science
Câu 4: All of the following statements are true EXCEPT ________.
A. Awards vary in monetary value
B. ceremonies are held on December 10 to commemorate Nobel's invention
C. Politics plays an important role in selecting the winners
D. A few individuals have won two awards

Câu 5: In how many fields are prizes bestowed?


A. 2
B. 5
C. 6
D. 10
Câu 6: It is implied that Nobel's profession was in ________.
A. chemistry
B. medicine
C. literature
D. science
Câu 7: In the first paragraph, "worthwhile" is closest in meaning to ________.
A. economic
B. prestigious
C. trivial
D. valuable
Câu 8: How much money did Nobel leaves for the prizes?
A. $30,000
B. $125,000
C. $155,000
D. from 30,000 to 125,000

Câu 9: What is the main idea of this passage?


A. Alfred Nobel became very rich when he invented dynamite.
B. Alfred Nobel created awards in six categories for contributions to humanity.
C. Alfred Nobel left all of his money to science
D. Alfred Nobel made a lasting contribution to humanity
Câu 10: The word "legacy" in the second paragraph means most nearly the same as ________.
A. legend
B. bequest
C. prize
D. debt
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been
said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied
by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education
knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It
includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of
education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a
distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A
chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are
engaged in education in infancy. Education, then, is a very broad/ inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that
starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life. Schooling, on the
other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a
country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar
textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the
alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subjects
being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about
political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite
conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.

Câu 1: What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The best school teach a wide variety of subjects.

B. Education and schooling are quite different experiences.

C. Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.

D. The more years students go to school, the better their education is.

Câu 2: What does the author probably mean by using the expression “children interrupt their education to go to school” in
paragraph 1?
A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.

B. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.

C. Summer school makes the school year too long.

D. All of life is an education.

Câu 2: the word “bounds” is closest in meaning to

A. rules

B. experiences

C. limits

D. expectation

Câu 4: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to .......

A. slices of reality

B. similar textbooks

C. boundaries

D. seats

Câu 5: The phrase “For example,” in paragraph 3, introduces a sentence that gives examples of....

A. similar textbooks

B. the results of schooling

C. the workings of a government


D. the boundaries of the subjects

Câu 6: The passage supports which of the following conclusions?

A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.

B. Education systems need to be radically reformed.

C. Going to school is only part of how people become educated.

D. Education involves many years of professional training.

Câu 7: The passage is organized by ........

A. listing and discussing several educational problems

B. contrasting the meanings of two related words

C. narrating a story about excellent teacher

D. giving examples of different kinds of schools

Câu 8: The writer seems to agree that .......

A. Schooling is more important than education

B. Education is not as important as schooling

C. Schooling is unlimited and more informal

D. Education is more influential than schooling

Câu 9: The word ”change” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_______.

A. unplanned
B. unusual
C.lengthy
D.lively

Câu 10 The word “an integral” in line 15 is closest in meaning to


              (A) an equitable
              (B) a profitable
              (C) a pleasant
              (D) an essential

The issue of equality for women in British society first attracted national attention in the early 20th century, when the suffragettes won for
women the right to vote. In the 1960s feminism became the subject of intense debate when the women’s liberation movement encouraged women
to reject their traditional supporting role and to demand equal status and equal rights with men in areas such as employment and pay.
Since then, the gender gap between the sexes has been reduced. The Equal Pay Act of 1970, for instance, made it illegal for women to be paid less
than men for doing the same work, and in 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act aimed to prevent either sex having an unfair advantage when applying
for jobs. In the same year the Equal Opportunities Commission was set up to help people claim their rights to equal treatment and to publish
research and statistics to show where improvements in opportunities for women need to be made. Women now have much better employment
opportunities, though they still tend to get less well-paid jobs than men, and very few are appointed to top jobs in industry.
In the US the movement that is often called the “first wave of feminism” began in the mid 1800s. Susan B. Anthony worked for the right to vote,
Margaret Sanger wanted to provide women with the means of contraception so that they could decide whether or not to have children, and
Elizabeth Blackwell, who had to fight for the chance to become a doctor, wanted women to have greater opportunities to study. Many feminists
were interested in other social issues.The second wave of feminism began in the 1960s. Women like Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem became
associated with the fight to get equal rights and opportunities for women under the law. An important issue was the Equal Rights Amendment
(ERA), which was intended to change the Constitution. Although the ERA was not passed, there was progress in other areas. It became illegal for
employers, schools, clubs, etc. to discriminate against women. But women still find it hard to advance beyond a certain point in their careers, the
so-called glass ceiling that prevents them from having high-level jobs. Many women also face the problem of the second shift, i.e. the household
chores.
In the 1980s, feminism became less popular in the US and there was less interest in solving the remaining problems, such as the fact that most
women still earn much less than men. Although there is still discrimination, the principle that it should not exist is widely accepted.
Câu hỏi số 1:
It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that in the 19th century, ______.
A. British women did not have the right to vote in political elections
B. most women did not wish to have equal status and equal rights
C. British women did not complete their traditional supporting role
D. suffragettes fought for the equal employment and equal pay
Câu hỏi số 2:
The phrase “gender gap” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. the social distance between the two sexes
B. the difference in status between men and women
C. the visible space between men and women
D. the social relationship between the two sexes
Câu hỏi số 3:
Susan B. Anthony, Margaret Sanger, and Elizabeth Blackwell are mentioned as ______.
A. American women who had greater opportunities
B. American women who were more successful than men
C. pioneers in the fight for American women’s rights
D. American women with exceptional abilities
Câu hỏi số 4:
The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) ______.
A. supported employers, schools and clubs
B. was brought into force in the 1960s
C. was not officially approved
D. changed the US Constitution

Câu hỏi số 5:
In the late 20th century, some information about feminism in Britain was issued by ______.
A. the Equal Pay Act of 1970
B. the Sex Discrimination Act
C. the Equal Opportunities Commission
D. the Equal Rights Amendment
Câu hỏi số 6:
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The US movement of feminism became the most popular in the late 20th century.
B. The women’s liberation movement in the world first began in Britain.
C. The movement of feminism began in the US earlier than in Britain.
D. The British government passed laws to support women in the early 20th century.
Câu hỏi số 7:
The phrase “glass ceiling” in paragraph 4 mostly means ______.
A. an overlooked problem
B. a ceiling made of glass
C. an imaginary barrier
D. a transparent frame
Câu hỏi số 8:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Many American women still face the problem of household chores.
B. An American woman once had to fight for the chance to become a doctor.
C. British women now have much better employment opportunities.
D. There is now no sex discrimination in Britain and in the US.
Câu hỏi số 9:
It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. the belief that sex discrimination should not exist is not popular in the US
B. women in Britain and the US still fight for their equal status and equal rights
C. the British government did not approve of the women’s liberation movement
D. women do not have better employment opportunities despite their great efforts
Câu hỏi số 10:
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Women and the Right to Vote
B. Opportunities for Women Nowadays
C. The Suffragettes in British Society
D. Feminism in Britain and the US

Passage 2
The development of so-called keyhole surgery means that the surgeon’s knife may soon disappear altogether as it is replaced by
miniature cameras, microscopic scissors and staplers. Instead of making long cuts in the patient’s body, surgeons look at the site through
an “endoscope”, or operating telescope. This is passed into the body through a small hole that will barely leave a scar.
As long as the operation is carried out skillfully by an experienced surgeon, keyhole surgery damages the patient far less than a
conventional operation. “Minimal access surgery is a real breakthrough,” says Alf Cuschieri, a leading endoscopic surgeon. “I wish we’d
developed it years ago. Not only does it reduce the trauma to the patient – it also means that we no longer have to make major incisions
to perform major operations.”
The viewing technology that allows doctors to see what is happening deep inside the human body has been borrowed from the aerospace
industry. Although in the 1960s flexible scopes were developed by technicians in order to check engine interiors without them having to
be taken apart, today’s endoscopes are not just simple tubes you can see through; they are equipped with very small television cameras.
An image of the operation – magnified eight times – is transmitted by the camera onto a strategically placed TV screen. Doctors and nurses
needn’t crowd round to look into the wound. Instead, they keep their eyes on the screen with straight backs and plenty of elbow room. As
surgeons cannot work in the dark, light is beamed into the area of the body being operated on through optical fibres – strands of special
glass, each as thin as a human hair, through which light travels.
Keyhole surgeons hope that miniaturization will make it possible for patients to have their operations performed by robots small enough
to crawl through the patient’s body. Despite the fact that, until now, even the smallest robots have been too large to be exploited in
endoscopic surgery, in Massachusetts the Institute of Technology’s Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory is working on ever-
smaller miniature and microrobots. These robots could be used for filming, taking biopsy specimens or on-the-spot analysis.
One of the most exciting future developments involves telesurgery, where doctors will operate by remote control. This means that a
patient can be operated on by two surgeons who are hundreds of kilometresaway from each other – and from the patient.
Some believe that such techniques will have been perfected in the next ten years or so.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. How to operate an endoscope B. Different uses of optical fibres
C. Robots used in medicine in the future D. How surgery can benefit from new technology
2. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
A. Miniature camera B. Stapler C. Endoscope D. A human hair
3. What does the word “conventional” mean?
A. early B. small C. traditional D. convenient
4. According to the passage, which statement is true?
A. Keyhole surgery cannot be used in major operations.
B. Keyhole surgeons have to keep straight backs and should not enjoy plenty of elbowroom.
C. The smallest robots have long been exploited in endoscopic surgery.
D. The viewing technology that endoscopic doctors are making use of has been borrowed from the aerospace industry.
5. According to the passage, Alf Cuschieri______ .
A. is the father of keyhole surgery
B. wished that endoscopic surgery had been developed earlier
C. is a leading technician in telesurgery
D. is experimenting with microrobots operated by remote control
6. What was the main use of flexible scopes in the 1960s?
A. to check the inside of an engine
B. to see what is happening deep inside the human body
C. to film, take biopsy specimens or on-the-spot analysis
D. to transmit images onto a strategically placed TV screen
7. Compared to the original image, how large is the image ofthe operation transmitted by the camera onto a strategically placed TV
screen?
A. eight times reduced B. eight times enlarged
C. the same D. as many times at will
8. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about optical fibres?
A. they are strands of special glass
B. they are equipped with television cameras
C. they are as thin as a human hair
D. they can carry light into an area of the body
9. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED as one of the advantages of keyhole surgery?
A. rarely leaving a scar
B. making smaller incisions to perform major operations
C. allowing surgeons to work in the dark
D. damaging the patient far less
10. What can we expect for future surgery?
A. Surgery will be carried out by microrobots only.
B. Two patients can be operated at the same time.
C. The surgeon can operate on a patient from a distance.
D. Keyhole surgery will become successful.

The changing profile of a city in the United States is apparent in the shifting
definitions used by the United States Bureau of the Census. In 1870 the census
officially distinguished the nation's “urban” from its “rural” population for the first
Line time. “Urban population” was defined as persons living in towns of 8,000 inhabitants
(5) or more. But after 1900 it meant persons living in incorporated places having 2,500 or
more inhabitants.
Then, in 1950 the Census Bureau radically changed its definition of “urban” to take
account of the new vagueness of city boundaries. In addition to persons living in incorporated units of 2,500 or more, the census now
included those who lived in
(10) unincorporated units of that size, and also all persons living in the densely settled urban
fringe, including both incorporated and unincorporated areas located around cities of
50,000 inhabitants or more. Each such unit, conceived as an integrated economic and
social unit with a large population nucleus, was named a Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Area (SMSA).
(15) Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one central city with 50,000 inhabitants or
more or (b) two cities having shared boundaries and constituting, for general economic
and social purposes, a single community with a combined population of at least 50,000,
the smaller of which must have a population of at least 15,000. Such an area included
the county in which the central city is located, and adjacent counties that are found to
(20) be metropolitan in character and economically and socially integrated with the county
of the central city. By 1970, about two-thirds of the population of the United States was
living in these urbanized areas, and of that figure more than half were living outside the
central cities.
While the Census Bureau and the United States government used the term SMSA
(25) (by 1969 there were 233 of them), social scientists were also using new terms to
describe the elusive, vaguely defined areas reaching out from what used to be simple “towns” and “cities”. A host of terms came into
use : “metropolitan regions,”
“polynucleated population groups,” “conurbations,” “metropolitan clusters,” “megalopolises,” and so on.

39. What does the passage mainly discuss?


(A) How cities in the United States began and developed
(B) Solutions to overcrowding in cities
(C) The changing definition of an urban area
(D) How the United States Census Bureau conducts a census

40. According to the passage, the population of the United States was
first classified as rural or urban in
(A) 1870
(B) 1900
(C) 1950
(D) 1970

41. The word “distinguished”in line 3 is closest in meaning to


(A) differentiated (B) removed
(C) honored (D) protected
42. Prior to 1900, how many inhabitants would a town have to have before being defined as urban?
(A) 2,500
(B) 8,000
(C) 15,000
(D) 50,000

43. According to the passage, why did the Census Bureau revise the definition
of urban in 1950?
(A) City borders had become less distinct.
(B) Cities had undergone radical social change.
(C) Elected officials could not agree on an acceptable definition.
(D) New businesses had relocated to larger cities.

44. The word “those”in line 9 refers to


(A) boundaries
(B) persons
(C) units
(D) areas

45. The word “constituting” in line 16 is closest in meaning to


(A) located near
(B) determined by
(C) calling for
(D) making up

46. The word “which ” in line 18 refers to a smaller


(A) population (B) city
(C) character (D) figure

47. Which of the following is NOT true of an SMSA?


(A) It has a population of at least 50,000
(B) It can include a city's outlying regions.
(C) It can include unincorporated regions.
(D) It consists of at least two cities.

48. By 1970, what proportion of the population in the United States did NOT live in
an SMSA?
(A) 3/4 (B) 2/3 (C) 1/2 (D) 1/3

49. The Census Bureau first used the term “SMSA” in


(A) 1900 (B) 1950 (C) 1969 (D) 1970
50. Where in the passage does the author mention names used by social scientists for
an urban area?
(A) Lines 4-5 (B) Line 7-8 (C) Line 21-23 (D) Line 27-29

As Christmas evolved in the United States, new customs were adopted and many old ones were reworked. The legend of Santa Claus, for
example, had origins in Europe and was brought by Dutch settlers to New York in the early 18th century. Traditionally, Santa Claus - from
the Dutch Sinter Klaas - was depicted as a tall, dignified, religious figure riding a white horse through the air. Known as Saint Nicholas in
Germany, he was usually accompanied by Black Peter, an elf who punished disobedient children. In North America he eventually
developed into a fat, jolly old gentleman who had neither the religious attributes of Saint Nicholas nor the strict disciplinarian character of
Black Peter.

Santa's transformation began in 1823, when a New York newspaper published the poem " A Visit from Saint Nicholas ", which Clemen
Clark Moore had written to amuse his daughter. The poem introduced many Amercians to the story of a kindly saint who flew over
housestops in a reindeer-drawn sleigh. Portraits and drawings of Santa Claus by American illustrator Thomas Nast further strengthened the
legend during the second half of the 19th century. Living at the North Pole and assisted by elves, the modern Santa produced and delivered
toys to all good children. By the late 19th century, he had become such a prominent figure of American folklore that in 1897, when
Virginia O'Hanlon wrote to the New York Sun newspaper asking if Santa was real, she received a direct answer : " Yes, Virginia, there is a
Santa Claus ".

Question 1: Who brought the legend of Santa Claus to the USA according to the passage ?

A. Sinter Klaas
B. Saint Nicholas

C. A German

D. Dutch settlers

Question 2: Who was Black Peter ?

A. An elf accompaning Saint Nicholas

B. An elf who rode a white horse

C. One of the disobedient children

D. A popular traditional figure

Question 3: Where did the legend of Santa Claus come from ?

A. The North Pole

B. Europe

C. North America

D. The City of New York

Question 4: According to Clemen Clark Moore's poem

A. Santa Claus had nothing different in appeanrance from the traditional one.

B. Santa Claus had wings and could fly.

C. Santa Claus liked poetry.


D. Santa Claus was a kindly saint who flew over housestops in a sleigh.

Question 5: Which of the following statements is true ?

A. Santa Claus was an imaginary old man created by artists based on traditional figure.

B. Living in the North Poly, Santa Claus visited children at Christmas.

C. Santa Claus was a real figure living in northern America.

D. Santa Claus was a story based on Saint Nicholas and Black Peter.

Question 6: Santa Claus was traditionally described as a

A. tall man who could walk through the air

B. fat, jolly, old man

C. religious figure

D. fat man riding a white horse

Question 7: Santa Claus in North America was depicted as

A. a man with the strict disciplinarian character of Black Peter

B. a jolly man on horseback

C. a good old man with less religious character

D. one with religious attributes of Saint Nicholas

Question 8: What word is closest in meaning to “attributes”?


A. outer appearance

B. natural qualities

C. effects

D. symbols of a person

Question 9: 1823 was mentioned as a year when

A. Clement Clark Moore wrote his first poem

B. Clement Clark Moore’s poem made him popular

C. Saint Nicholas visited New York

D. the image of Santa Claus was transformed

Question 10: The answer Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus is an illustration for the fact that

A. the New York Sun was popular with children

B. Santa Claus was a prominent figure at that time

C. newspapers are unreliable

D. Virginia O’Hanlon was a reader of the New York Sun

Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after Earth was formed.
Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared
on the continents. Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an
Line evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life.
(5) What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle ? The
traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils ― relatively
large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals. Vascular plants, related to
modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record. Because
of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected
(10) the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. In this view, primitive vascular plants
first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the
plants, and lastly by animals that preyed on the plant-eaters. Moreover, the megafossils
suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary
between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a little more than 400 million
(15) years ago.
Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at the sediments
below this Silurian-Devonian geological boundary. It turns out that some fossils can be
extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath.The technique has
uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the
(20) ancient oceans ― plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many
instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although
they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils
consist of the organic remains of the organism.
These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously
(25) unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by
multicellular organisms. Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal communities are now being revised. And with
those revisions come new speculations
about the first terrestrial life-forms.

28. The word “drastic” in line 5 is closest in meaning to


(A) widespread
(B) radical
(C) progressive
(D) risky

29. According to the theory that the author calls “the traditional view,” what was the
first form of life to appear on land?
(A) Bacteria
(B) Meat-eating animals
(C) Plant-eating animals
(D) Vascular plants

30. According to the passage, what happened about 400 million years ago?
(A) Many terrestrial life-forms died out.
(B) New life-forms on land developed at a rapid rate.
(C) The megafossils were destroyed by floods.
(D) Life began to develop in the ancient seas.

31. The word “extracted” in line 18 is closest in meaning to


(A) located
(B) preserved
(C) removed
(D) studied

32. What can be inferred from the passage about the fossils mentioned in lines 17-20 ?
(A) They have not been helpful in understanding the evolution of terrestrial life.
(B) They were found in approximately the same numbers as vascular plant fossils.
(C) They are older than the megafossils.
(D) They consist of modern life-forms.

33. The word “instances” in line 21 is closest in meaning to


(A) methods
(B) processes
(C) cases
(D) reasons

34. The word “they” in line 22 refers to


(A) rocks
(B) shores
(C) oceans
(D) specimens

35. The word “entombed” in lime 22 is closest in meaning to


(A) crushed
(B) trapped
(C) produced
(D) excavated

36. Which of the following resulted from the discovery of microscopic fossils?
(A) The time estimate for the first appearance of terrestrial life-forms was revised.
(B) Old techniques for analyzing fossils were found to have new uses.
(C) The origins of primitive sea life were explained.
(D) Assumptions about the locations of ancient seas were changed.

37. With which of the following conclusions would the author probably agree?
(A) The evolution of terrestrial life was as complicated as the origin of
life itself.
(B) The discovery of microfossils supports the traditional view of how terrestrial
life evolved.
(C) New species have appeared at the same rate over the course of the last
400 million years.
(D) The technology used by paleontologists is too primitive to make accurate
determinations about ages of fossils.

Televisions show sounds and pictures. They get data from cables, discs, or over-the-air signals. They turn this data into sounds and
images. People watch news and shows on them. You probably call them TVs.

John Baird made the first TV in 1925. It had one color. It could only show 30 lines. This was just enough room for a face. It didn't work
well, but it was a start.

The first TV station was set up in 1928. It was in New York. Few people had TVs. The broadcasts were not meant to be watched. They
showed a Felix the Cat doll for two hours a day. The doll spun around on a record player. They were experimenting. It took many years
to get it right.

By the end of the 1930s, TVs were working well. America got its first taste at the 1939 World's Fair. This was one of the biggest events
ever. There were 200 small, black and white TVs set up around the fair. The U.S. President gave a speech over the TVs. The TVs were
only five inches big but the people loved it.

They wanted TVs. But World War II was going on during this time. Factories were busy making guns and bombs. When the war was
over, TV spread across the country. By 1948 there were 4 big TV networks in America. They aired their shows from 8 to 11 each night.
Local shows were aired at other times. Most of the time, nothing was shown at all.

TV was not "always on" like it is now. Color TVs came out in 1953. They cost too much money for most. Also, shows were aired in
black and white. By 1965, color TVs were cheaper. TV stations started airing shows in color. People had to switch if they wanted to see
the shows.
Now most TVs are high-def. This means that they have many lines on them. This makes the image clear. TVs have come a long way
since Baird's 30 line set. High-def TVs have 1080 lines. There are state of the art sets called 4K TVs. These TVs have 3,840 lines. Some
people watch TV in 3D. I wonder what they will come up with next. Smell-o-vision anyone?
1. When did color TVs come out?
a. 1925
b. 1953
c. 1939
d. 1965

2. Which was not true about the first TV?


a. It could only show one color
b. It only had 30 lines
c. It did not have sound
d. It did not work well

3. When did networks start showing programs in color?


a. 1948
b. 1953
c. 1965
d. 1939

4. Why did the first TV station only show Felix the Cat for two hours a day?
a. They were running tests.
b. Felix the Cat was really popular.
c. Felix the Cat had been a big radio star.
d. Felix the Cat was the only show that they had.

5. Which of these events slowed the spread of TVs?


a. The World's Fair of 1939
b. The Civil War
c. The election of the U.S. President.
d. World War II

6. What is the author's main purpose in writing this?


a. He is trying to explain how a TV works.
b. He is telling readers how TVs became popular
c. He is describing the history of the TV.
d. He is trying to get people to watch more TV.

7. Why did many families switch to color TVs in 1965?


a. Color TVs cost a lot of money.
b. Many shows were only shown in color
c. Color TVs came out in 1965.
d. World War II ended and troops returned home.

8. Why was 1939 an important year for TV?


a. Many Americans were introduced to TV
b. The first color TV was released.
c. The first TV station began broadcasting.
d. John Baird created the first TV.

9. How many lines does a 4K TV have?


a. 30
b. 1,080
c. 4,000
d. 3,840

10. Which happened first?


a. The 1939 World’s Fair
b. The release of high-def TVs
c. The end of World War II
d. The release of color TVs

Thunderstorms, with their jagged bursts of lightning and roaring thunder, are actually one of nature’s primary mechanisms for
transferring heat from the surface of the earth into the atmosphere. A thunderstorm starts when low-lying pockets of warm air from
the surface of the earth begin to rise. The pockets of warm air float upward through the air above that is both cooler and heavier. The
rising pockets cool as their pressure decreases, and their latent heat is released above the condensation line through the formation of
cumulus clouds.What will happen with these clouds depends on the temperature of the atmosphere. In winter, the air temperature
differential between higher and lower altitudes is not extremely great, and the temperature of the rising air mass drops more slowly.
During these colder months, the atmosphere, therefore, tends to remain rather stable. In summer, however, when there is a high
accumulation of heat near the earth’s surface, in direct contrast to the considerably colder air higher up, the temperature differential
between higher and lower altitudes is much more pronounced. As warm air rises in this type of environment, the temperature drops
much more rapidly than it does in winter; when the temperature drops more than 4 degrees Fahrenheit per thousand feet of altitude,
cumulus clouds aggregate into a single massive cumulonimbus cloud, or thunderhead.In isolation, a single thunderstorm is an
impressive but fairly benign way for Mother Earth to defuse trapped heat from her surface; thunderstorms, however, can appear in
concert, and the resulting show, while extremely impressive, can also prove extraordinarily destructive. When there is a large-scale
collision between cold air and warm air masses during the summer months, a squall line, or series of thunderheads, may develop. It is
common for a squall line to begin when an advancing cold front meets up with and forces itself under a layer of warm and moist air,
creating a line of thunderstorms that races forward at speeds of approximately forty miles per hour. A squall line, which can be
hundreds of miles long and can contain fifty distinct thunderheads, is a magnificent force of nature with incredible potential for
destruction. Within the squall line, often near its southern end, can be found supercells, long-lived rotating storms of exceptional
strength that serve as the source of tornadoes.

Câu 1: The topic of the passage is ________.

A. the development of thunderstorms and squall lines

B. the devastating effects of tornadoes


C. cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds

D. the power of tornadoes

Câu 2: The word “mechanisms” in paragraph 1 is most likely ________.

A. machines

B. motions

C. methods

D. materials

Câu 3: It can be inferred from the passage that, in summer, ________.

A. there is not a great temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes

B. the greater temperature differential between higher and lower altitudes makes thunderstorms more likely to occur

C. there is not much cold air higher up in the atmosphere

D. the temperature of rising air drops more slowly than it does in winter

Câu 4: The word “benign” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. harmless

B. beneficial

C. ferocious
D. spectacular

Câu 5: The expression “in concert” in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ________.

A. as a chorus

B. with other musicians

C. as a cluster

D. in a performance

Câu 6: The word “itself” in paragraph 3 refers to ________.

A. a large-scale collision

B. a squall line

C. an advancing cold front

D. a layer of warm and moist air

Câu 7: All of the following are mentioned in the passage about supercells EXCEPT that they ________.

A. are of short duration

B. have circling winds

C. have extraordinary power

D. can give birth to tornadoes


Câu 8: This reading would most probably be assigned in which of the following courses?

A. Geography

B. Meteorology

C. Marine Biology

D. Chemistry

The oxidation of exhaust gases is one of the primary sources of the world’s pollution. The brown haze that is poised over
some of the world’s largest cities is properly called photochemical smog; it results from chemical reactions that take place in the air,
using the energy of sunlight. The production of smog begins when gases are created in the cylinders of vehicle engines. It is there that
oxygen and nitrogen gas combine as the fuel burns to form nitric oxide (NO), a colorless gas. The nitric oxide is forced out into the air
through the vehicle tailpipe along with other gases.

When the gas reaches the air, it comes into contact with available oxygen from the atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to
produce nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which is a gas with a brownish hue. This nitrogen dioxide plays a role in the formation of acid rain in
wetter or more humid climates and tends to decompose back into nitric oxide as it releases an oxygen atom from each molecule; the
released oxygen atoms quickly combine with oxygen (O2) molecules to form ozone (O3). The brownish colored nitrogen dioxide is
partially responsible for the brown color in smoggy air; the ozone is the toxic substance that causes irritation to eyes.
1. The word "poised" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:

a) interacting

b) sitting

c) blowing

d) poisoning
2. The phrase "take place" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:

a) position themselves

b) visit

c) are seated

d) occur

3. The word "forced" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

a) obliged

b) required

c) pushed

d) commanded

4. The word "hue" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

a) color

b) odor

c) thickness

d) smoke

5. The phrase "plays a role" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

a) makes fun of
b) serves a function in

c) acts the part of

d) moves about in

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