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Logarithm PDF

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129 views47 pages

Logarithm PDF

hfhghgfjhgjgjhjh

Uploaded by

Ankit Mandal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MATHEMATICS Ze : ~~ . ‘ 7 LOGARITHM mC GB BANSAL CLASSES CUS NORE ULASOE Course (ACC) ideal for Scholars Topic Page No. LOGARITHM A Basic Mathematics d 2. Historical Development of Number System 3 % Logarithm 5 4. Principal Properties of Logarithm 7 5 Basie Changing theorem 8 6. Logarithmic equations 10 Re Common & Natural Logarithm 12 8 Characteristic Mantissa 2 9, Absolute value Function 4 10, Solved examples 7 I. Exercise 24 12, Answer Key 30 13. Hints & Solutions 31 LOGARITHM™M ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 4 LOGARITHM BASIC MATHEMATICS : Remainder Theorem : Let p(x) be any polynomial of degree geater than or equal to one and ‘a! be any real number, If p(x) isdivided by (x ~a), then the remainder is equal to p(a). Factor Theorem : Let p(x) bea polynomial of degree greater than or equal to 1 and_ ‘a’ be a real number sueh that p(a)=0, then (x —a) isa factor of p(x). Conversely, if (x—a) isa factor of p(x), then p(a)=0. Note : Let p(x) be any polynomial of degree greater than or equal to one, If leading coefficient of p(x) is 1 then p(x) is called monic. (Leading coefficient means coefficient of highest power.) SOME IMPORTANT IDENTITIES : () @+ by? =a? + 2ab + 2) (aby 2ab + Q) b= (a+b) (a—b) (4) (@+by = ab +b! + 3ab (a+b) (3) (a~b)'=a3—b¥—3ab (ab) (6) a +b? =(a +b)’ — 3ab (a + b) = (a +b) (a? + b*— ab) (7) ab? =(a—b)' + Bab (a—b) = (ab) (a? + b? + ab) by + dab (a+b) —4ab (8) (a+b+cP > > 2 1 2 2 ©) te bteetab—tenea= 4 fab? +b-0)? He (10) a+b? +¢3— 3abe (at+b+¢) (a+b? +e? —ab—be~ ca) 1 =z +d +e) (aby? 4 (be)? + (e=a)? If(a+b+c)=0, then a* +b? + c? = 3abe. (1) at bt=(@? +b?) (ab?) = (@? +B?) (@—b) (a+b) (12) If a,b20 then (a~b)= (Ja + Vb) (va vb) (13) atta? +1 = (at + 2a? + 1) a? =(@? + 1a? =(@? +a +1) (at 1) [leansat c1sses Private Lut Gaurav Tower, 10, Road No“, LPIA, Kol-08 2 ACC-MT-_ LOGARITHM Definition of Indices : The product of m factors each equal to a is represented by a". So, a" =a-a-a.......a(m times) Here a is called the base and m is the index (or power or exponent). Law of Indices : (1) a™*®=a"-a", where m and nare rational numbers, 1 Q) a= ys provided #0. @) a?=1, provided a0. (4) a™-"=— where m and nare rational numbers, a#0. a (6) (amypr=am P ©) ge =Yar (7) (aby"= aP be, Intervals : Intervals are basically subsets of R (the set of all real numbers) and are commonly used in solving inequaltities. If a,b € R such that aa} i) [a ~)={x|xza} (ii) (—20,b) = fax 0,a>0,a# 1 Hence logarithm ofa number to some base is the exponent by which the base must be raised in order to get that number. Logarithm of zero does not exist and logarithm of (-) ve reals are not defined in the system of real numbers. ie aisraised what power to getN Mlustration + Find value of (i) log,,27 (ii) log,,100 (iti) log,,, 93 Sob(i) Let log,.27 =x = er > Ha gives. x = 3/4 (i) Let fog, 100 > 100-10 = = givesx =2 (ii) Let log, 93 =x - 5-( gives x =~ 5/2 Note that : (a) Unity hasbeen exeluded from the base of the logarithm as inthis case logiN_ will not be possible and if N~1 then Jog,1 will have infinitely many solutions and will not be unique which is necessary in the funetional notation, (b) al’ =N is an identify forall N>Oanda>0,a41 eg, 2°%5 =5 (©) ThenumberN in (2) is called the antilog of 'x' to the base's’. Hence If log,512is9 then antilog,9 is equal to 2°=512 [leansnt c1asses Private Lut Gaurav Tower 10, Road No“, [PIA Kol-08 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM @) @) oO Using the basie definition of log we have 3 important deductions : (@— logyN=1 i.e. logarithm ofa number to the same base is 1. () tog, N=-! i.e. logarithm of a number to its reciprocal i N (i) tog,1=0 logarithm ofunity to any base is zero, (basic constraints on number and base must be observed.) (iv) a" =n is anidentify forall N > 0 anda>0;a# e.g. 225 =5 Whenever the number and base are on the same side of unity then logarithm of that number to the base is (+ve), however if the number and base are located an diffrent side of unity then logarithm of that number to the base is (-ve) eg (i) log,,100=2 (ii) log, ,,100=-2 Foranon negative number ‘a’ &n>2,neN wa =a" Mlustration : @ fy) Sol. ) Sol. wi Sol. (vii) Sol. Sol. 108, C08 60" = 1 (ii) log, 13 (ii) logy y32+V3 = — logsy SY SNS... Let 550) => 5x = > rose = x=5S => log,5 = (log tan 1°) (log tan 2°) (log tan 3°) ......(log tan 89°) = 0 Since tan 45° = 1 thus log tan 45° = 0 7 + 4 9=0 3x+9=0 => (c= -3) — asitmakes initial problem undefined x=$ 2H 4 Ye — 3)—12=0 x-3+2x-6-12=0 Sx=21 > x=7 log.(x-3)=4 x32 xed [leansat e1asses Private tt Gaurav Tower A10, Road Not, LPIA, Kol-0s ACC-MT- LOGARITHM z Practice Problem Q.1_ Find the logarithms of the following numbers to the base 2: 1 (8 Gi) 22 id Fy OR I Q.2 _ Findthelogarithms of the following numbers to the base = = 1 1 @ 81 Gi) 3 di) G (iv) 93 W) ny Q3__ Findall number a for which each of the following equalities hold true? @ log,a=2 (ii) log, 9(a(a+3)) =1 Gi) log, g(a?- I) =-1 (iv) log,(a?-5)=2 Q.4 _ Findall values of x forwhich the following equalities hold true’? @ log, x? = 1 (i) log,x=log,2-x) il) dog, x (i) log, gQx+1)=log, (x41) (W) logy s(x? +8)=-2 =log,x fa + vb where a and b are natural number find (a + b). SS Q5 If 2) (3+ 5-vi3+V48 \ Answer key Qa. Q3 (i) 4,i)- , (iii) — 1/5, (iv) 3/7 Q.2 (i)—4, (ii) — 1/3, (iil) V7, (iv) -5/2, (v) 9/4 2, (iii) 2,2,(iv) 3.3 Q4 (i) V2, - V2. Gi) 1, Gil) Lv) 0.) 1-1 QS 8 PRINCIPAL PROPERTISE OF LOGARITHM : fm, mare arbitrary positive real numbers where a>d;azl (@)— logm+logn=log, mn (m>0,n>0) Proof: Let m =a Now @ tog, fa = log, = n = log, Jog.m-log.n= log, [eanent c1Asses Private te Gaurav Tower, 10, ood No“, LPIA, Kol-08 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM @) — logm=xlogm logm=p 3 m=a? mam taking log both the side with base a log, m‘ =log, a" = px = x log,m @)— tog,. m=— logm x Ex :(i) Find the solution of log,x* Sol. log, & Yog,x=4 and verify solutions. > x > => x = only possible soln, Ex:(il) log,x? + 2logy Sol. log, los BASE CHANGING THEOREM : Can be stated as "quotient of the logarithm of two numbers is independent of their common base." log.a Symbolically, jog = Hoga proof Letloga=x; logb=y & loga=z a=e; be, a=be onb =e" => x=ye log.a =log,a D ei We have proved that joo put Similarly or 1 1 1 eg. prove 1 + + = log, abe * log, abe" log, abe Sol. log,,a*log,,b+ log, C=log, abe=1 [leanent c1assee Private tet “Gaurav Tower, A, ad No-t IPIA, Koleos ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM Case: (log,a).(log.b).(log,c)=log,a loga , logb loge _ loa Proof iced * loge logd ~ logo 3 eg (log,s)(log,27)= 5 Case-IIT: —Veryimp form eye = gloeya lene gle a (00g 0) Gog 2) Proof qe = qitess Hlustration : Iustration : -1 gas? 1 dog; ar Sok ge? ah a? Mlustration = (log, 3)(log; 4\(log, 5)....log, (n+ 1) = 10. Find n = ? Sol. login +1) =10 n+ 1= 1024 :n = 1023 Mlustration = egies titage seis eBlog is 24 80 Sol. log? + 16 log6~ 16 logi5 + 12 log25~ 12 log24 + 7 logS1 ~7 log80 = log? + 64 log? — 16 logs ~ 16 log3 + 24 logs ~12 « 3 log? — 12 logs + 28 log3 ~ 7 log5 — 28 log? = log2 + logs = logl0 = 1 Mlustration : I 2 a + + 1og32 logy4 logy, 8 Sol. log,3 + 2 log,9— 3log,27 mg =0 = 3log,3—3log, [event ctasses prnate tid Gaur Toner, AY, Road Not, IPIA, Kota 10 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM Mlustration : Let a > I be a real number then solve gO = 54 gute Sol. (2%)? geg?4) 5-9 ; r=5 x2 =5 flog ,a).log x = Take log wart. base 5. nS logs x=log, 2 xa (5)? Mlustration = Prove that 2:4 Sok 25 Mlustration = If a>0;¢>0; b= Vac ;ac#1 log, g,N-log,N Prove that 1085 N= lo5N Tog. N log, N log.) Sol. (logy b= logy a), logye , lognb = Togye-logyb "logyb” logya logy bla, log, ¢ logy = log., bla * log, ¢ b = ((og2%\iog, : = log, Ans a LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS : Mlustration : Prove that x? + 71°87" 2 =0 Sol > x? +x-2=0 [ata = xf 0) @ I~) =0 2orl = By definition, x > 0 x=l [leansnt c1Asses Private tt Gaurav Tower, A10, Rood No“, LPIA, Kol-08 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM Mlustration : Find the value of x : (x+ 1/8) = 1006 + I) Sol. By definition (« + 1) > 0 Taking log with base 10 both side = log (x+ 810 = log 100(x + 1) = logy (+ 1). log yy + 1) = logy, 100+ logy (x +1) = flog, (i+ DP — log (x+1) = 2 = let logy e+ =y ap, 0 = log, (e+) =2 or logy e+) xt 1= 100 or xt1=107 x= 99 or x=-09 Mlustration : Find the value of x : 3°** +x°®" = 162 Sol. (srs + loess = 162 ae x 4 ylessx = 162 [otstes = x8 = 87 Taking log both side with base 3 => flog P= log 81-4 => logx-+2 1 0 an > x=9ors Mlustration : i Find the value of x: logs(3!* + 125) = log,(6) + 1+. 2e Sol. 1 log, (5! + 125) = log,6 + (+2) 51K 4125 L = tog,| —— |= (43, = sl 4 125 = (51.525) -6 = 54 125 = 5-6- 51% \ let 5% yP-30y + 125-0 6-25) yas or 25 or ee or AIS 2 [lenient ctasses Prva i Gniar Tower 10 wd Rot TRIAL, Kote 412 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 1 Note: [Ifgivenproblemis Jog,(V/3 +125) =log(6)+1+ 3x, then the equation will haven solution since for 5.x e NandN2>2] Mlustration Prove that: log,? is irrational. Sol Let logy? is Rational So log,7 = a/b where (a & b are integers & b #0) b&w? a logia2 bb = blog)? =a = 7h=28 (7 & 2 are co-prime) So there is no such type of integers for a & h so there is a contradiction. Common and natural logarithm : Jog, N is referred as a common logarithm and log.N is called as natural logarithm or logarithm of N to the base Napierian and is popularly written as /n N. Note that e is an irrational quantity lying between 2.7 to 2.8 which you will study later. Note that e”* =x Characteristic and Mantissa : We observe that log, 10 = 1 and log,100=2 Hence logarithm of a number lying between 10 to 100= log,o(0.1) =—1 and log, (0.01) =—2 hence log (a number between 0.01 to 0.1) =—2 +a posi Hence the common logarithm of a number consists of two parts, integral and fraetional, of which the integral part may be zero or an integer (ve or—ve) and the fractional part, a decimal, less than one and always positive. a positive quantity ive quantity ‘The integral part is called the characteristic and the decimal part is called the mau eg. 1og,o33.8 = 1.5289 => 33.8 = 10'S = 10,1097 Jog,0.338 =~ 1 + 0.5289 = 1.5289 Itshould be noted that, ifthe characteristic of the logarithm of N is, 1 => _ that Nhas two significant digits before decimal . } very Important 2 => _ that Nhasthree significant digits before decimal. (Hence number of significant digitin N=p+ 1 ifp isthe non negative characteristic oflog N.) iffcharacteristic =1 => _ Nhasno zeros after decimal before a significant digit starts —2 => Nhas 1 zeroafter decimal before a significant digit starts and so on. Using log 2 = 0.3010 and log 3 = 0.4771, and log 7= 0.8451 [leansat otAsses Prive 1d “Gnura Tower At, Rond Not, (PIA, Kotns ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 43 Mlustration = Find the number of digits (2.5) Sol Let N= (2.5) Taking log both side with base 10 5 Jog gh = 200 logy, (2.5) = 200 logy, (3) = 200 [log yy5 — log yy2] = 200 [1 =2 logy, 2] = 200 [1 ~2 * 0.3010] = 200 [0.3990] = 79.80 Characteristic = 79 Number of digits = 79 + 1 = 80 Mustration : Find the number of digits 6°° Sol. Let N= 6" Taking log both side with base 10 log N = 50 [log 146] = 50 [log jg? + logy] = 50 [0.3010 + 0.4771] = 50 [0.7781] = 38.9050 Characteristic = 38 Number of digits = 38 + 1 = 39 Mlustration : Find the number of digits 55 Sol Let N= 5% Taking log both side with base 10 log N= 25 logy 5 = 25 [1 ~logy2] = 25 [1 ~ 0.3010] = 17.4750 Characteristic = 17 Number of digits = 17 + 18 Mlustration 100 9 Find the number of zeros after decimal before a significant figure start in G 8 Sot tew=(2) iol. LetN =| Taking log both side with base 10 oy" tognk sg) = =~ 100 [2 « 0.4771 ~3 x 0.3010] =~ 100 [0.0512] =~5.12 Characteristic = — 6 Number of zero after decimal before a significant figure start = 5 100 [log ,, 98] =~ 100 [log jy 9— log;, 8] =~ 100 [2 log y3 ~3 log 2} 10 [eansar o1asses private Let Gaurav Tomer, 10, Road No-1,IRIA, Kote 14 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM Mlustration : Find the number of zeros afier decimal before a significant figure start in 3° Sot Let N= 35? Taking log both side with base 10 10g 493 9 =~ $0 logy, 3 =~ 50 (0.4771) Characteristic =~ 24 Number of zeros afier decimal befores a significant figure start = 23 23.8550 Mlustration : Find the number of zeros after decimal before a significant figure startin (0.35)! Sol Let N = (0.35)? Taking log both side with base 10 z Log yy (0.35)? = 12 logy, (0.35) = 12 logy 39 = 12 Mogg? lox 2 = 12 flog, 7 - logy)2 —1] = 12 [0.8451 — 0.3010 - 1] =- 5.4708 Characteristic Number of zeros after decimal befores a significant figure start = 5 ] Absolute value function : x if x20 @ ya\x -[ -x ifx<0 &) Ye =Ix) (©) logx?"=2nlog|x |, wheren € 1 General Note : Equations of the form [aQo]h= [abo] (Variable exponent on a variable base) with the set of permissible values defined by the condition a(x) >0, can be reduced to the equivalent equation (x) log fa(s)] =e(s) log, fa(s)] by taking logarithms of its both sides. The last equation is equivalent to two equations, logyfax)]=0, bex)=e(x) eg |x-2| x-2P* Sol. Taking log both side wart. base 10 log,9|x—2 log) —2]"* => (10x? 1) log fx ~2|= 3x log |x ~ 2] => log |x — 2 (10x? - 3x-1)=0 =>logix-2|=0 or ~—-10x?~3x-1=0 = 2 or Qx-1)(Sx+1)=0 =ex-2=41 x=3;1 x=1/2,-1/5 [leansat e1asses Private tt Gaurav Tower A10, Road Not, LPIA, Kol-0s ‘ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 45 Mlustration : Solve fore: |3x-2|4+x=11 Sol. |3x-2)= 1 -x [il-x20] Case I : 3x- 220 > $r-2=Il-x > 4x =2B > x =14 Mlustration : Solve for: |x|-|x-2|=2 Sol Case]: x22 => (x)-(-2)=2 => 2=2 for allx 22 Case 2: OSx<2 > xtx-2=2 > =4 x=? No solution (08x<2) Case3: x<0 Su-xte > Not possible xe (2, Mlustration : Solve for x: |x—3|?" 183 Sol. Taking log both side with 10 doa = log |x—3} slog] BPH +3) logy, b-3/=0 [x 43) > Br=1) 3) logy, e- 3] =0 1 > xe5. bo3l again when x > 3 > x35] = x4 when x<3 x= 3) = 1-2 1 Sore [leansnt c1asses Private Lt Gaurav Tower 10, Road No-t, LPIA, Kola-0S 16 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM Mlustration Solve fore: log fs? ~ 1) ~log x 1? = logy4 Sol. log, (x? — 1) ~ log, 6 I = log, y(4-xy log, (x1) (e+ 1) log, (+ IP (1) +1) los eat | = 18s l4—sl aot iy oe Lr | = & +N =(- I) \x-4| (2. [4x] = 4) Case(i): x24 > &+)=%-NK-4 > oxtl=x-Syt4 > 6x +3 =0 _ 6424 errs x=34 6 x #3— 6 (not in domain) > xa3+ from case (i) and case (ii) = x=34+ 6 Mlustration : Solve for x: 2 log(x—2) + log x 4 Sol. 2 log, (x-2) + log, (x- 4 = 0 = 2log, (2) + 2log,|x- 4 =0 > 2 flog, (x-2)|x-4) =0 > &-Ilr-4 Case): x24 > &-YeR-Yrl > P-&t7= = = => x=3- V2 Wotin domain) > x-3+7 Case (ii): x<4 > 6&-Ya-x > P-brt9= x=3 from case (i) and case (ii) x (3, 3+\2} ACL ay Case (ii): x <4 S(t =I) Ax) xt] =4e-P 44x sx? de + 5=0 Discriminant <0 —dr +540 = no solution [x-2> 0.x #4] [lenient otnssce Prien tt “Gaiar Tower 70 Road Wo“, IPI, Kolnds ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 47 Solved Examples Qu Find the value of x satisfying log), (2+ x—41)=x (1 —logio5)- Sol. Wehave, logy 2% + x41) =x (1 ~ log, 05) => dog yg(2+ X41) =x logig2= log, 2) => BHx-41=2" > x=41. Ans, (2 tog, 0?+ tog, x-(5} 1 Q.2._ Ifthe product of the roots of the equation, x\* 22 is Va (where a, b e N) then the value of (a +b) Sol. Take logon both the sides with base 2 5 {loss + tog, ~$ Jog, x log,x=y By +4y?—Sy-2=0> — 3y%y-1) +7 y(y-1) +Ky-1)=0 = Y-DGY+7¥4+2)=0 => (y-DGyF Ny +2)=0 = = yalory=—2ory=5 1 1 x=2, Gi pT > XK > atb=19 V6 Q3_ For 0 = |xty|=a = xty=ta ....{I) Also, tog) -t,.4 > y=2|x| (2) 7 1! a I x>O,then x= 5. y= 5 If x<0,then y=2a, x possible ordered pairs 2a) aca? 3} and (a, 2a) Q.4 — Thesystemofequations log, o(2000xy) — log, x “log, log o(2y2)—log yy log,yz= and 1ogio(2x)—log,92-“log,,x=0 has two solutions (x, y,,2,) and (X. Sol, From (1), 3 + logio(2xy)— logy 9X logo) or logig(xy) —logiox-log,gy= ). Find (y, + y9). onli) ~logig(2) [eansar c1asses Private tt Gaurav Yowor, 10, Road Not, IPIA, Kol-0s 18 Qs Sol, Qo Sol. ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM From (2) Log oly2)— log ay “log, gz From (i) and (ii), we get logx +log y— log x log => logx(1-logy)=logz(1 Either, logx=logz, or log,y=1 => y=10 but y= 10 does not satisfy equation (1), hence rejected. log x=logz From (3), we get (log,¢x)? = 20og,)%) = logyys [logy x—2]=0 x=1 or x=100 ltheny=5 => (x,y,2,)=(1,5,1 100 then y=20 => (x,y. 2)) = (100, 20, 100) Hence (¥, + y,) = 25 Ans. —log,(2) weil) logy + logz—logy: log z logy) => (logx—logz)(1—logy)=0 if x= x=z A circle has. radius of log, (a2) and a circumference of log,(b*). The value of log,b is equall to 1 1 Ore ® nx (D) 2 C=4 logyb = 2nt 4log,b=2x-2log2 (as r=2 log,a) logy b logya ™ logb=" Ans. (C) (log, n)=1 2 (A) 24 (B)36 (C)20 (D)12 If log, ,sinx + log,gcosx=—1 and log, «(sin x + c0s x) = then the value of 'n'is sin2x Given log)9| J sin2x 1 1 > = sindx== a) A to Also log(sinx +e0sx)= — a = log sins #0827124 3] iveilice = oe i+tes = Ltsin2x= 15 > 145 75 gin 2 Ans.(D > 5720" ns. (D) [leansat e1Asses Private tt “Gaurav Tower, A10, ood No“, LPIA, Kol08 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 19 Q7 Hint: QB Sol, Qo Hint: Q10 Sol. 2 i> simplifies to 7 -1 a-l (©v-atl Oe iota Slog, 3 (0741) 7H gy =2a =I —(a—1P Ans. (D) logs 16-logs log, The number of values of x satisfying the equation 2 $58 xWBHS 2S is, (Ayo (B)1 (C)2 (D)3 Togs 16-ogsx+l08e 5 cx. towed sg ua5 4 gt 4 xlodes 2llgs 4logy xx logs 4S ag $58 xB 4S 4S =O 2085 910825 4 5X 4 20H? gS 4S (omsf seas folma)atend <0 sf + exo + i} 0 & +x'] bef «| =0 S+x=0 Qefa1-0 This possible only when x will be—ve Nosotution while according to question x 22 *. number of values of x = zero ‘Ans.(A) The number N=6 log,,2+ logiy31, lies between two successive integers whose sum is equal to (ays (B)7 oo» (Dy 10 N = log, 964 + log),31 =log,,1984 . 3 7 Ans. ‘Ans. (B) If 2*=7> then number of ordered pairs (a, b) of real numbers is (A) zero (B) one (©) two. (D) more than 2 28=7%=>a=b=0 if a and bare integers Incase a and b are not integers then 1 196349 a ge ana = or 2°? = 7 = a=log,49 and b=2 207 = 7 = a=log,7 and b hy? or 28 = a=1 and b=log,2 ©. Infinite solutions. Ans.(D) [leansat c1sses Private Lut Gaurav Tower, 10, Road No“, LPIA, Kol-08 20 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM Qu Sol. Qi Sol. Qs Sol. Qi4 Qs Sol. Dog, (e4 The number grhesb | simplifies as: (A) 12, (B) 16 (C) 24 (D) 72 (geese hes gamelitoe) ton = peal?) = yunle) = genta _ 92 aoe (a If log,log,log,log,A~ x, then the value of Ais (A) 120" (B) 25% ©” os" logylog,log,A = 2 logylog,A = 37 Suppose log,2 =m, log,3 =r, log,5 = sand log,11 =, The value of log, 990, is (A) 2mrst (BymbI2xtset (C)mertstt (Dym+24+5+t a®=2;a'=3;a'=5 anda'=11 now, 102,990 = log, 11 +2 log,3 + log,? + log,S=t+2r+m+s, Ans. (D) Suppose log,,p ~q and log,r~q for positive numbers p, q and r. Which of the following must be true? LSlogr=logp p= 7 IL. Slog, ,r=logsp (A) Only (I) must be true (B) Only (11) must be true (©) Only dl) must be true (D) none of the statements must be true 1 SoWvefollowinglogequation log, (2log, (1 + log,(1 +3 log,x)))= 5 1 1 = zlog,@ log,(1 +log,(1 + 3log,x))= 5 => 2log, (I+og,(1+3log,x)))=2'=2 => (1+ log, (1 +3 log,4)=3! => log, (1#3log,x)=3-1 => 1+3log,x=2? => Blog, => log, x=1 > xs3! *. Final solution ¢ {3} [Bleansat ctasses private ia “Gaurav Tower, A-10, Road Wo-1, LPIA, Kota-05 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM Q.16 Solve followinglog equation Sol. log /x —logx + log’x—3=0 1 > zlog,,x—log,,x + (log, x)-3 =0 => log, x2 log, x +2 (log, x -6=0 => => Alog, x)’ 4 log,,X +3 log, x-6=0 => = 2 x= 10% > logyx=2 or Nog, x => x=10°=100 or Qi7 (x-2) Sol. log (x —2)h8°-2 Solve followinglog equation 246-12) Jog 10286- = log (x2) (log* => tf +st-12)]}=21 > => t(t+7)(t-2)=0 => > x=3,2+107, 102 24 glwen® — loge + log? x—3=0 2 (log,,x)°—log,,x-6=0 (2log,,x +3) (log,,x-2)=0 goths (Let log (x-2)=1) ~2) + log (x—2)'— 12)) = log, 102m? + 5e=14t= => (P+ 5t-14)=0 = log(x-2)=0,-7,2 Q.18 Solvefollowinglogequation x? = 10°**s* log 5 logx+5 Sol, logx. a = log, 10 = logx. — =5+logx > logx 5 log, x= 15+3log,,x => logx +2 log,,x-15=0 => log, x (log,,x+5)—3(log,,x+5)=0 => (log,,x—3)(log,,x +5)=0 => log, log,x=-5 x x= 10° Q.19 Solve followinglog equation x * = 10%" Sol. taking log both the side with base 10 logx +7 i logx =logx +1 => log, x +3 log,,x-4=0 => logi,x +4 log,,x—log,x-4=0 => x =104andx=10! Q.20 Solve followinglog equation Sol. logix~3logx ~2logx+4=0 > ~log,,x 4 log, x+4=0 log, .x=4 log,,X=1 > > > => (log,x +4) (log,,x—1)=0 log’x ~3 log x =log (x?) 4 = bog, = (log,,x 4) (log, x— 1) =0 x5 log,.x + [eansat otAsses Privan tt “Gnuray Tower: a0, Rona Not, PIA, Koln as 22 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM Q21 Sol. Q.22 Sol. Q23 Sol. Solve followinglogequation log,,x—3 flog, ,x #2=0 —log,x —3 flog, x +2=0 => (2-log,x)'= (3Tog, x} — 4log.x=-9 logx )(log,x +1)=0 log.x=-1 x=3" Solvethe valueofx: 2(log, 5 ¥-3 log, Y5 +1=0 2 3 = (log, x)°~ log, x * log, x—2log ,,x—log,,x+2=0 (log ,; x-2)—(log - x-2)=0 = => log, => (log, x-I)(log,;x-2)=0 => log.,x =1or log, x = x= J5 orx= (5) 1 Solvethe valucofx: (log100 x)' + (logi0x)'= 14+ log = (logl00 + log x)? + (log]0 + log x)= 14—logx = (2+ log x)? +(1 +log x)= 14 log x = putlogx=t = (24+P+(1+0P=14—t =28+1-9 = 26+ 9t-2t-9=0 = t(2t+9)-102t+9)=0 or [eansat c1Asses Private tt “Gaurav Tower, A10, ood No“, LPIA, Kol-08 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 23 Q2 Q3 Q4 Qs Q6 Q7 Qs EXERCISE-1 (Exercise for JEE Main) [SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE] fs. [s_ [3 5 [3 : +5 + F- The sum V a 12 Va 2 is equal to x x x x (aytans (Bycors (Cysees (D) sin (OTOTTOGSO) 1 1 log,N logy log,,N logy 128 For N> 1, the product simplifies to 3 3 3 OW; ®)7in2 © Sinz >, OTonTaeaa 15 p IF p isthe smallest value of x satisfying the equation 2° + 5¢ = 8 then the value of 4” isequalto (Ayo (B) 16 (25 ()1 [3010110950] The sum of two numbers a and b is J18 and their difference is V4 . The value of log,a is equal to 1 (A)-1 (B)2 (cl Oo, (3010112439) ‘The value of the expression (log;,2)’ + log, 8 logyy5 + (log,95)* is (A) rational which is less than 1 (B) rational which is greater than 1 (C)equal to 1 (D) an irrational number 13010111646] ~avidhonie®) el tae)? LaN=10"™ 2toglloe 10") to oso} } logarithm of N to the base 3, is equal to (a2 (B)3 (4 (ps {3010112388} vid+V2 =< ad where base of the logarithm is 10. The characteristic of the If x (Ayo (B)2 ©3 (D4 [3010112337] , then the value of log,(x2? +xy+y2), is equal to _fo-2 bd ‘Suppose that x <0. Which of the following.is equal to [2x = V(x- 27 | (A)x-2 (B)3x-2 (C)3x+2 (D)-3x+2 [Jeanent c1Asses Private Le Gaur Tower, A10, Rood No“, LPIA, Kol-08 24 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 0.9 1 N= (29802858!) (7e2), then Nis equal to (A)20 (B)60 is (p40 (levlerteme Q.10 Theexpression q° Ap ®Ba (er (D)3 simplified to oy QUI If.a,bareco-prime numbers and satisfying (2+ v3) then (a-+ b) can be is equal to (A)13 (B)5 ©7 ws Q.2 Tf 2Mee23* <3 2° then the value of x is equal to 1 L 1 1 “Ws By ©; OE [leavsnt o1a80e0 Phat tt “aura Tower, 310 oad Noi, IPI, Koln06 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 25 Qi Q2 Q3 Q4 Qs Q6 EXERCI (Exercise for JEE Advanced) [PARAGRAPH TYPE] Paragraph for Question no. 1 to 3 A denotes the product xyz where x, yand 7 satisfy log,x=log5—log? loggy=log7 —log3 log,2=log3 — logs B denotes the sum of square of solution of the equation log, (log,x* —3) —log, (log,x*—5)=log,3 C denotes characterstie of logarithm. log, (log,3) — log, (log,3) + log, (log,5)- log, (log,5) + log, (log,7) —log,(log,7) Find value of A+B+C (A) 18 (B)34 (C)32 (D) 24 Find log,A +log,B+log,C (A)S (B)6 (C)7 (D4 Find |A-B+C| (a)-30 (B)32 (C28 (D)30 [MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE] log,135 log, 5 log,s3 — losgs3 (A) anatural number (B)coprime with 3 (C)arational number (D) acomposite number [3010112387] If (av) 5 x*** +6=0, where a>0, b>O & ab+1, then the value of x can be equal to (a) 28" (B) 3° (C) vhs? (D) a®®?— (SOOTT2336) Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? Then N is L 1 (A) log, 92 lies between 5 and > (C) el) jg smaller than 1 1 (D) logyy 1+ 5 log ;93 + log yg (2+ V3) [lenient ctasses Prnae it Gavan Tower 10 oad Ho“, TPIA, Kates 26 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM Q7 The equation log , 16 +log,,64=3 has (A) one irrational solution (B)noprime solution (C)tworeal solutions (D)no integral solution (3010112381) Q8 Which ofthe followingreal numbers is(are) non-positive ? 243 (243) 8) tog,, (V 3)3 (C) log, (tog, 3- log, 5 log, 7) (D) we) (3010112330) [MATRIX TYPE] Q9 Column- Column (A) Theexpression x=log, log, (6+ {6+ Y6~....26 simplifiesto (P)_—_aninteger (B)_—Themumber N= 2822834108, 5-——-189910) i nptifiesto (Q) aprime (©) Theexpression + 1 — simplifies to ®) a natural logs3 logg3 logi3 —————=— (D)— ThemumberN= 2+ V5 6-35 +yi4—6V5 simplifiesto — (S)__a composite Q10 Column-T Column-IT (A) The value(s) of x, which does not satisfy the equation 2 log,? (x? — x) —4 log,(x — 1) log,x = 1, is (are) (B) —Thevalueof x satisfying the equation @ 3 ner 1081089-9) ashes! gieere! = 13,18 ® 4 L 1 + log, x log, (©) ThenumberN= ( } is less than () 5 (D) Let /=(log,4-+log,9)?~ (logy4~log,9)*and m= (0.8)(1+9°%8)%* m 6 then (+ m) is divisible by [leansat c1asses Private tt Gaurav Tower 10, Road No“, [PIA Kets ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 27 Q2 Q3 Q4 Qs Q6 Q7 QB Qe Qo EXERCISE-3 (Miscellaneous Exercise) Let A denotes the value of wn 2 ab + y(aby? i) ‘tog —s 10 when a= 43 and b= 57 and B denotes the value of the expression (oe 18) {sist s) Find the value of (AB). (a) Ifx=log,4 andy log,3, find the value of log,10 and log,(1.2) in terms of x and y. (by Ir KS = 16, find the value of k%2)", If mantissa ofa number N to the base 32s varying from 0.2 to 0.8 both inclusive, and whose characteris is 1, then find the number of integral values of N. For x,y €N, if 3-¥*!=3y-2*1_8 and log,|2x°y — xy? 1+ log,o(xy), then find the absolute value of (xy). Let — log,x+logyy+logz=2 log,x+ log,y + log,z=2 and — log, ,x+log,,y +log,z—2. Findthe valueot Find the value of x satisfying log,, (2° +x—41)=x (1 —log,05). Positive numbers x, y and z satisfy xyz 10" and (log,¢x)(log, yz) + (log, ,¥l0g, 97) = 468. Find the value of (logyg x)’ + (logy y +(logyo 2) Find the number of integral solution of the equation log (x+-| x -2\) = log (x—6+5 |x—2). then find the value of (pq +1) 89 Suppose p, q,rand s € N satisfying the relation p+ “3 If 'x'and'y’ are real numbers such that, 2 log(2y —3x x logx+logy, find 5. JBANSAL CLASSES Private Lid ‘Gaurav Towor', A-10, Road Not, PLLA, Kota-05 28 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM QL (a) Given: log,934.56= 1.5386, find log,,3.456 ; log,90.3456 & log, 0.003456. (b) Find the number of positive integers which have the characteristic 3, when the base of the logarithm is. (©) If log,,2=0.3010 & log,,3 = 0.4771, find the value of log, (2.25). (@) If N=antilog, (log, antilog ,, (log, 1296))), then find the characteristic of log Nto the base 2. Q.12._If log,)2 =0.3010, log,o3 = 0.4771. Find the number of integers in (a 6 & (© the number of zeros after the decimal in 3, 2 e 5 B 5 Q13 If logyM~=a, +b, and logsM=a,+b, where a,,a, ¢Nandb,,b, € [0, 1).If a, a,— the number of integral values of M. Q14 If log,,45=log,, 403 then find the characteristic of x? to the base 7. QU5_ If (x,,y,)and (x,,y,) are the solution of the system of equation log, 5(x) + log,,(y)=4 log, (225) —log,(64)= 1, then find the valueof log(X,¥,%393) {i Teo mm ie Q.16 Prove that : 2 og, |. oe py Vee 2 itbeart 28° iflebea Q.17 Find the value of x satisfying the equation, (log, ¥3x +1og, 3x Hog, x° + (log, Yx/3 +log, ¥Y3/x flog, x QI8 > Given that log, (a,b,e>0, c# 1). s, log,b = s? and log ,(8) = Q.19 Lety= flog, 3log, 12-log, 48-1og, 192 +16 — log,12 -log,48 + 10. Find y € N. [lpnent c1Asses Private Let “Gaurav Tower, A10, Road No“, IPIA, Kat08 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 20 EXERCISE-4 (IIT JEE Previous Year's Questions) Q.1 The least value of the expression 2 og, x—log, (0.01), forx> Lis LITT 1980) (A) 10 (B)2 (C)-0.01 (D) None of these Q2__ Solve forx the following equation : (IT 1987, 3M] logo, .3((6X? + 23% +21) = 4—loga, , (4x? + 12x +9) Q.3. The equation x4" "4 = JF has: [IT 1989, 2M) (A) at least one real solution (B) exactly three real solution (Chexactly one irrational (D) Complex roots Q4 — Thennber of solution of log, (x ~1)=log,(x~3)is uirr2001) (A)3 (B)1 (C2 (D0 QS Let (Xp, yp) be the solution of the following equations, xy"? = Gy)" inn = ay, Then xy is ) : (B) ; ot (D6 [VEE 2011, 3] Q6 is [JEE 2012.4] [lenient ctasscs Prva tia Gaver Tower 10 oad no“, TPIA, Kates 30 Qu Qs Qu0 Qu2 Quy ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-1 A Q2 D Q3 A Q4 A Qs B Q7 oc Qs Dd Qe D Q.10 c Qi2 A EXERCISE-2 B Q2 A Q3 D Q4 AC Qs A,B,D Q7 ABC Qs ACD (A) P, (B) P, R, S, (C) P, R, (D) P, QR (A) Q, R, 8, T; (B) P; (C) Q, R, 8, T; (D) P, R, S EXERCISE-3 xy+2 xy+2y-2 12 Q2 (a) ay? 2y 3 (b) 625 Q3 449 Q4 34 Q6 41 Q7 5625 Qs 1 Qs 49 Q.11 (a) 0.5386; 1.5386; 3.5386 (b) 2058 (c) 0.3522 (d)3 (a) 140 (b) 12. (@) 47 Qs 54 Qi4 2 Qus xe [1/3,3]- {1} QS 2s + 10s?-3(s3 + 1) Qs EXERCISE-4 D Q.2. x=-I/4is the only solution Q3 B Q4 c Qo 4 aa B.C 12 y=6 [leawsnt otassce prnat i aura Tower 10, Road Nat, IBIA, Wolds AGC-MT-_LOGARITHM 34 HINTS & SOLUTIONS EXERCISE-1 (Exercise for JEE Main) [SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE] _ 54206 + 5-206 _ (V3+V3)+(V5-W2 2 2 1 i 1 in2 InN Sin2 InN i 2. = =a Ans. log,N logy8 log,,N logy128 InN 32 MN Tin2 21 a We have, 2-8-2 + 1S=0 => (28—3)(2*~5)=0 = 2*=3 or B=S Hence smallest x is obtained by equating 2*=3 > x=log,3 So, p=log,3 Hence, 4” = 2°98? = Ans. 4. Wehave, = a+b= vi8 a-b= Vid squaring & subtract, we get 4ab = 4 = ab=1 Hence number are reciprocal of each other => log,a=—1. Ans. 5. logyg2=a and logyS=b = = at b=1; ab +3ab+b'=? Now (a+b=1 = a+b? +3ab=1=(C) 6. N=10?:p=log,,8~ log, 99 + 2log,,6 p= tox{ *3 s) = logy,32 N = 10°80? = 32 Hence characteristic of log,32is3. Ans. 7. tog, (x+y)? -xy) tut x+y= Vids x-y= 7; log,(10-2 Jog,8=3 Ans. [leansnt e1asses Private Lt Gaurav Tower 10, Road Not LPIA, Kola-05 32 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 8. y=|2x-|x~2I| =|2x—@—-x)| =|3x-2] as x <0 hence 3x Ans. oN [2ielomta fosecns en sso = 20 (2x57) = 20 (70!%n?) = 20x 2=40. Ans. andlet y= (6+V6+V6+....0 .y>0 sy= Oty sy =6ty => Poy 6=0 = (y-3)(y+2)=0 But y>0,s0 y=3 *. Givenexpression log, (log,0) slssliogge) ghee Ans. 1 , —t + = log, satlog < ,b A) avi 8 1 3-1 3H 341 . = log, ,atlog, .,b=log, (ab) Now, (243) 2 12 Bh yon 2p 2 > As a, bare co-prime numbers, so eithera=4,b=3 ora=3,b=4. Hence , (a+b) =7. ‘Ans. 12, yon _ slows ‘Taking log to the base 2 on both the sides, we get (log,3)* log,2 = (log,2)* log,3 (log, 3)*" (log,3)-!=(log,2 => “(og,2" 1 (log,3)°*~! = 1 = (log,3)”” 1 = k-1-0 > x3 ‘Ans. [leansAt otAsses Prive 1a “Gnura Tower At, Rond Noi, [PIA Kotws ACC-MT- LOGARITHM 33 EXERCISE-: (Exercise for JEE Advanced) [PARAGRAPH TYPE] Paragraph for Question no. 1 to3 31005 — log? lou? — le 7 = Toes leas xeyez=1 6 AFL og, (6 log, | x |~ 3) —log, (4 log |x|~5)=log, 3 Glog, |x|-3_, ot Mog, |x|-5 tog, |xI= 1 4-5 6t-3=12t-15, 6t=12 t=, log, |x|=2, |x]=4 . xsd B=16+16=32 log, (log,3) + log, (log,4) + log, (log,5) + log, (loge6) + log, (log,7) + log, (log,8) = log, (log,8) = log,3 my [MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE] 4. N=log,(5 35). log,(5 * 3)—log,5 log,(81 * 5) Let log,S=y, N=@G+y)(1+y)-y(4+y) =3+3ytyty—4y-y'=3 Ans. 5. loops = xlosga =y Sy+6=0 = y=2,3 where y al%)* => log,x=log,2 > x= plea? where y alps => x= gloead Ans. 1 6 (A) 1082 joe, t0 log,8T (B) LHS.=log1/2=-1 >T (C) et) = fn3 =log, 3 >1 => F 1 - & ths 5 me (D) LMS. logiy1+ 5 logiy3-+108i9 (2 + V3) =logie (I-V/3 -(2+V3))= log,9(8+2V3) = logio(1-+ V3 + (2+ V3)) =RHS. ST. [eansnt c1asses Private tt Gaurav Yowor, 10 Road Noi, IPIA, Kol-0s 34 (a) 8) © ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 1 1 1 ps -3> ; = Tou, @2x 1/2log, x 1/6(1-+ log, x) let log,x=y s 2472-5 => 21+) + 6y=3y(1 +y) => (y-2) Gy+)=0=> y=2ory=-13 y ity logy =2 >x=4 and log,x= Ans, Ans, [MATRIX TYPE] Let t= (64 J64V6 t= ort > Pt-6=0 > 1-32 3(t>0) 1 x=log,log, 3 =log,log,.3 =log, 5 =>—I (Integer) log,3.log.4.log,5.log.6....log,,100 log3, log4 logs log 100 > ae we ag log2 log3 log 4 log99 log100 = Jog = oe, 100 ~. N= gleg2!00 = 100 (Integer, Natural, composite) 1 1 1 ee = Jogs3 logg3 logio3 = log,5 + log,6—log, 10 5x6 > tog (2) =log,3=1 (Integer, Natural) [leawsat o1assee priate tt ura Tower, 8, Road Novi, LPIA, Kolo ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM @) N= 24/5 [6-35 4-65 14 65 =945~ 65 GY + (VEY -65 2 B~ EP » ia—6N5 = 3-5 J6-3¥5 +3-V5 = Yo-aV5_ Vor +015)? 45 = ols 27? 2+V5-V5+2 =2 (Integer, Prime, Natural) 10. (A) Let log, 1)=A & log, x=B then = (AtBY-4AB=1 => (A-BY=1 => (A-B)=41 x-l log, (——Ja1 or 2! x=-1 or 2 Only 2is solution, B) [alm =b] a (©) N=| ogre fogs x} = (82 + los) = log,12> = 10 = log.r’ 2 4-7593 jog = 16 1=(A+BY-(A-BY =16 m=0.8 (14-3885 yess => (0.8) 4648515 => (0.8) (65)F) => (0.8)(5)=4 m=4 so, /+m=16+4=20 3s [leans o1asses priate tt Gaur Tower, AO, Road Movi, LPIA, Kol 36 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM EXERCISE-3 (Miscellaneous Exercise) ee ab+ y(aby’ -4(a +b. 7 ben, von aa + i J A=logyy [a+ b] = logy, [43 + 57] =log,, 100=2 w= (P"} 0%) (>) (re) (ee) Om) B= 2-(6)%e = A-B=12. Ans. (208 ahs") x3=6. (@) x=log,4.y=log3 log, 10=log,$ + log,2 6 1 log, 1:2= og; 5 = log,6 — log,5 = log,2 + 1—log,S= 5 log, 4 +1—log,S edaatet _ t2y-2 y 2y (b) (16)25 = 2425 = ples! 625. Ans. isk it 3. Wehave 1:2.SlogN<18 > 325 64 ~8 => 3P+8-3=0 = 1=-3, 5 But t= —3 (rejected) So, 3% anh wel) Again, log,| 2x7y — x => log,|xy(2x-y)|=1+ log, xy => logdxy| =log,(6Jxy) => xy=36 seve) On solving (1) and 2), we get x=4 and y=9 => |x-yl=5 Ans. 5. From(1) > (1) (2) 3) (1) * (2) * (3), > from (1) from (2) 2 =54. Ans. from (3) 6. Wehave, logy, (2% +x —41)=x (1 —log,95) => logo(2*+x-41) =x log,,2=logyy (2%) > B+x-41= 2% >x=41, Ans, 7. Let logygx=a; loggy=b and logygz=c Here xyz= 108! > 108 9X + log yyy + 10g ,,2=81 ie atb+e=81 ay Also a(b +c) + be = 468 ab+be+ca=468 — ....(2) Now a? +b? +c? =(a tb +e)?— 2) ab = (81)? (2)(468) = 6561 — 936 = 5625 Ans. [eansat c1asses Private Ltt Gaurav Tower 10, Road No“, LPIA, Kol-08 38 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 8 Let xt|x-2|=y +. Equation becomes log,(Sy-6) => y=Sy-6 => yP-Syt+6=0 => y=2 or3 then x+|x-2|=2 = 0 ela) > (a) a) 7 82 3 log, 45=— Mage 3 45 = (3x)2 squaring both sides 45 x 45 = (3x) x8=75 log, x*=log,75 =» log, 49< log, 75 2b-4=4b-0? b?—2b—4=0, Let b,, b, be the roots b +b, =2 loggsy, * log, Similarly a, +a, a, +a,=6 logaagk, + xx, = 2258= 15!2, Now, logsoX)X3y, ¥p=logyy2!? x 15! = 12 logy,30= 12. Ans, => logayyy= 642 = 2"? —b,) +(4—b,)=8-(b, +b, = 8-2 [leansat o1asses private tet Gaurav Tomer, 10, Road No-1, IRI, Kote Os ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 44 ie tae Hoe, ¥ab + toy Fab aout? met} fe 2 ifbea>l ety=2 2h iptcbea i i { J rivet 10154) log, b-tstogy a ys v4! -2 Let log,b=t _ sale - Ve-¥F] ailot|-jano-t) ae Caselif — b>a>1, log,b> 1, then ya palleesben toast 8) Caseli — If1) ya gilda ius ( l 1 Le (x).t., (3 17. ee) Blog, x + (5 tor (3]=4 to,(2} a0 x = ((rog, x +14 log, 3) tog, x + (log, x—1+ Tog, 3—i)log, x = ft ieee = y log,” x +2log,* +1 + y/log,” x —2log, x +1 = yllog, x +1P + yllog, x -1f =| Jog, x +1]+| log, x-1]=2. Case-T: logx>1=3x>3 log,x + log,x= x=3, Case-I -1x< 5 1 2logyx=2; x= 1 Hence solution is x © [33] - 0} Since base ean not be equal to [eansnt c1asses Private ti Gaurav Yowor, 10, Road Novi, IPIA, Kol-08 42 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 18, 19, =5+ 10s?-3 (s3+ 1). y= ylog, 3-log, 12 log, 48 log, 192+16 —log,12- log,48+ 10 = flog,3-@ log, 3)(4+ log, 3)(6+ log, 3)+16 — (2 +1og, 3)(4+ log, 3)+10 Let us put log,3=x = fxl2+ x) 44x) (6x) +16 -(2+x)(44x)+10 = |e + 6x]? + 6x +8)4+16 - (x? +6x+8)+10 Put again x?+6x=0 = a (a +8)+16 —(448)+10 = Jo? +80 +16 -(.+8)+10 = \(a+4? -(a+8)+10 = (a+4)—(0+8)+10 y=6. Ans. [leansat e1asses Private tt Gaurav Tower 10, Road Newt, LPIA, Kelas ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 43 EXERCISE-4 (IIT JEE Previous Year's Questions) 1. 2log,,x=log,(0.01) = Dlog,x—log, (107) => 2log,,x+2log.10 => 2(log,,x+ log,10) 1 Logix + 2{ box jot } => 222) 24 Soleast valueis 4, Ans. 2 logiog (6x? + 23x +21) = 4— loge, , (4x2 + 12x +9) > log, (2x +3) Bx+7)]= 4-log,,. 2x+3)? => log, 2x+3)+log,,.8x+7)=4—2 log, 2x+3) => 1+ log,,.,3x-+7)=4—2log,, .(2x+3) Let (log, ,(2x+3)=y) = lty=4-2 oy ytynay-2 = y-3y+2=0 y => (-2)(y-)=0 or or 3x +7)=(2x +3) or 3x +7)=(2x +37 or x=—4 or 3x+7=4x+9412x or dx? +9x+2=0 or 4x(x+2)+ (x +2)=0 1 or x= ory By definition of log,,..,3x +7). 3x+7>0 and 2x+3>0 Only x= t is solution. a gates ata S Take log both side with base 2. 3 > => | =(log, x)? + (log, x)-= | (3c 82 x) + (logy ) 3 (tog,x)+ dog,x7— 5 dogay=+4 = {(log,a)? + (log.ay— 5 (log.x) = +5 = 3(log,x)' +4(log,x}? — S(log,x)-2=0 Let (log,x) =>3t+4-S5t-2=0 St Ya+2 t+ D=0 1 11 Ste Lor 2 or 5 6 X=2 Ye [eansat cesses private tia. “Gaurav Tower, A-10, Road Wo-1, IPI, Kota-06 44 ACC-MT-_LOGARITHM 6. => (x- I= (x-3F 2+9—6x => x?-7x+10=0 or2 issolution, — (x>3) (2xyh? = By) =) gies = Diny (2) Take log both side w.rte In2 In(2x)=In3 ny) ae.) or nx n3=Inyin2 A) by equation (4) put the vlaue of long,y in equation (3) In2 [In 2+ nx] =In3 [Jn 3+ Iny] Inx al => In2 [n2+Inx]=In3 [19 = (In 2) [im 2 + nx] = (In 3)? [in 2+ In x] => (In2 + nx) [(In2)?—(In3)"] =0 tn2 n2+ hence by equation (4) Ans, | = 4 Many ww? => 18x2+x-4=0 x _ le Viv i8x4x4d 1417 16 4 -(2 - - 36 36 3609 Hence, 6 + wes{2) =6-2=4 Ans, [leansat e1asses Private tt Gaurav Tower A10, Road Not, LPIA, Kol-0s www.bansaltestprep.com DCC > Online Test Series for JEE Main, JEE Main + JEE Advanced, BITSAT, NEET-UG, AIIMS, KVPY& NTSE, i.e. DPP and Topic-wise Test- Bank Packages for Engineering & Medical Entrance examination, © [email protected] J 095710-42039 BANSAL CLASSES PRIVATE LIMITED Ideal for Scholars ‘A-10, ‘Gaurav Tower" Road No. 1, |.PI.A., Kota-324005 (Rajasthan) INDIA ‘Tel: 0744-2423738/39/2421097/2424097 Fax: 0744-2496779 Email: [email protected]

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