1.

Which of these refers to the ecological succession on

sand?
A.Xerosere
B.Psammosere
C.hydrosere
D.halosere

Answer: B. Psammosere. A Psammosere is a seral

community, a type of biological succession that started on
freshly exposed coastal sand. Sand dune systems are the
most prevalent Psammosere. When plants colonize bare
sand, primary succession can occur. Sand dunes form over
time as the sand accumulates, increasing the terrain above
sea level. A Psammosere is a type of succession in sand
dunes.
2. In ecological succession, the intermediate
developmental phase is known by what name?
A.ecesis
B.climax
C.nudation
D.sere
Answer: D Sere, A seral community is an intermediate
stage in an ecosystem’s ecological succession on its way to
its climax community. Often, more than one seral stage
develops before climax conditions are reached. Each set of
plants in the succession is referred to as a seral
community. The plant communities that inhabit a place
that has never been vegetated are referred to as primary
succession. The pioneer community is another name for
this group. In a seral community, computer modeling is
sometimes employed to estimate anticipated succession
phases.
3. Which of these about ecological succession is
incorrect?
A.food chain relationships become more complex
B.species diversity increases as succession proceeds
C.role of decomposers becomes all the more
important
D.is a random process

Answer: D it is a random process, The process through

which the mix of species and environment in a given
region changes over time is known as ecological
succession. These communities gradually supplant one
another until a “climax community” emerges, such as a
mature forest, or until a disruption, such as a fire,
happens. In ecology, ecological succession is a basic
concept.
4. Which of the following orders of basic processes are
involved in succession ?
A.invasion -> stabilisation -> completion and
coaction -> reaction -> nudation
B.nudation -> stabilisation -> completion and
coaction -> invasion -> reaction
C.invasion -> nudation -> completion and coaction
-> reaction -> stabilisation
D.nudation -> invasion -> completion and coaction
-> reaction -> stabilisation

Answer: D nudation -> invasion -> completion and

coaction -> reaction -> stabilisation.
5. What is the name of the word for all living creatures that
occupy an area that is experiencing primary succession in
its early stages?
A.Climax community
B.Settled community
 C.Dense community
D.Pioneer community

Answer: D Pioneer community, Smaller species, such as

bacteria and fungi, are frequently the first to arrive when
succession occurs in a given region. The pioneer
community is made up of the earliest creatures to occupy a
region. Biological succession occurs as a result of these
pioneer colonies.
The pioneer community refers to the early settlers.
Lichens, mosses, ferns, and microbes are examples of
creatures with minimal nutritional needs. They crack the
worn rock surface as they colonise, which aids in the
formation of the initial thin layer of soil.
6. What is the name of the process in which older plant
and animal communities are replaced by younger
ones?
A.Primary succession
B. Secondary succession
C.Nitrogen fixation
D. Oxidation
Answer: B Secondary succession, Secondary succession
refers to an ecosystem’s ability to regenerate after
everything else has been destroyed. The lava within a
volcano causes damage to plant and tree life in the region
where it erupts. If the ground damaged by a volcanic
eruption is not covered with fresh volcanic rock, soil roots
and plant parts can regenerate.
7. Which of the following successions is represented by
soil changes due to erosion?
A.Allogenic succession
B. Autogenic succession
C. Computational succession
D.Emigrational succession

Answer: A Allogenic succession, Succession driven by the

abiotic components of an ecosystem is known as allogenic
succession. In contrast, autogenic succession is driven by
the biotic components of the ecosystem. Allogenic
succession happens on a time scale that is proportionate
with the disturbance.
8. What is meant by succession driven by the biotic
components of an ecosystem?
A.Allogenic succession
 B.Autogenic succession
C.Computational succession
D.Migration succession

Answer: B Autogenic succession, They produce succession

in autogenic succession plants by capturing light through
leaves, producing detritus, and fixing nitrogen. Although
the processes of autogenic succession have long been
discussed, the importance of living things in affecting the
path of succession was recognized early on. The concept of
succession is most often associated with communities of
vegetation and forests, though it is applicable to a broader
range of ecosystems. In contrast, allogenic succession is
driven by the abiotic components of the ecosystem.
1. In ecological succession, the intermediate
developmental phase is known as

(a) ecesis

(b) climax

(c) nudation

(d) sere
Answer: (d)

2. This is true about secondary succession

(a) follows primary succession

(b) takes place on a deforested site

(c) is similar to primary succession except that it has a

relatively slower pace

(d) begins on a bare rock

Answer: (b)

3. Lithosphere serves as a reservoir for

(a) nitrogen cycles

(b) carbon cycles

(c) oxygen cycles

(d) phosphorus cycles

Answer: (d)
4. This is not a climax vegetation

(a) grasses

(b) savannah

(c) forests

(d) hydrophytes

Answer: (d)

5. This about ecological succession is incorrect

(a) food chain relationships become more complex

(b) species diversity increases as succession proceeds

(c) role of decomposers becomes all the more important

(d) is a random process

Answer: (d)

6. An example of plants occupying the second stage of

hydrosere is
(a) Salix

(b) Vallisneria

(c) Azolla

(d) Typha

Answer: (b)

7. On the sand, ecological succession is

(a) halosere

(b) xerosere

(c) hydrosere

(d) psammosere

Answer: (d)

8. Order of basic processes involved in succession is

(a) invasion -> stabilization -> completion and coaction ->

reaction -> nudation
(b) nudation -> stabilization -> completion and coaction ->
invasion -> reaction

(c) invasion -> nudation -> completion and coaction ->

reaction -> stabilization

(d) nudation -> invasion -> completion and coaction ->

reaction -> stabilization

Answer: (d)

9. Process of the successful establishment of species in a

new area is known as

(a) climax

(b) sere

(c) ecesis

(d) invasion

Answer: (c)

10. In ecological succession, the final stable community is

known as
(a) climax community

(b) ultimate community

(c) final community

(d) seral community

Answer: (a)

The pioneers in xerach succession is the

a) crustose lichen
b) mosses
c) foliose lichen
d) shrubs

2. The final stable community in an ecological succession

is called the
a) final community
b) ultimate community
c) climax community
d) seral community

3. The process of successful establishment of the species

in a new area is called
a) sere
b) climax
c) invasion
d) ecesis

4. The order of basic processes involved in succession is

a) Nudation->Invasion-> competition and co
action->reaction->stabilization
b) Nudation->stabilization-> competition and
co action->Invasion->reaction
c) Invasion-> Nudation->competition and co
action->Reaction->stabilization
d) Invasion->stabilization-> competition and
co action->Reaction->nudation

5. The formation of a climax community from an

abandoned farm land is a an example of
a) Autogenic succession
b) allogenic successsion
c) primary succession
d) secondary succession

6. Succession initiated on large sand deposits or deserts

is called
a) hydrosere
b) psammosere
c) xerosere
d) oxylosere
7. The development of a bare area without
any life form is called
a) nudation
b) ecesis
c) sere
d) reaction

8. The conversion of a pond to a climax

forest community is an example of
a) xerarch succession
b) mesarch succession
c) hydrarch succession
d) all of these

9. The intermediate developmental stages

in the ecological succession is called
a) sere
b) ecesis
c) climax
d) nudation

10. All the statements are correct

regarding ecological succession except
a) It is a random process
b) Species diversity increases as succession
proceeds
c) The food chain relationships becomes
more complex
d) The role of decomposers becomes more
and more important

11. The order of succession in a lithosere or

xerosere is
a) Foliose lichen stage->Crustose lichen
stage->moss stage->herb stage->shrub
stage->forest stage (climax community)
b) Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen
stage->moss stage->herb stage->shrub
stage->forest stage (climax community)
c) Moss stage ->Foilose lichen stage->
Crustose lichen stage ->herb stage->shrub
stage->forest stage (climax community)
d) Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen
stage->moss stage-> ->shrub stage-> herb
stage->forest stage (climax community)

12. The order of succession in a hydrosere

is
a) Rooted aquatic plants-> phytoplankton-
>Free floating stage->Reed swamp stage-
>Sedge Meadow stage-> wood land stage->
Climax forest
b) Rooted aquatic plants-> phytoplankton-
>Free floating stage-> Sedge Meadow
stage-> Reed swamp stage-> wood land
stage-> Climax forest
c) phytoplankton->Rooted aquatic plants-
>Free floating stage->Reed swamp stage->
wood land stage-> Sedge Meadow stage->
Climax forest
d) phytoplankton->Rooted aquatic plants-
>Free floating stage->Reed swamp stage-
>Sedge Meadow stage-> wood land stage->
Climax forest

Answers:
1. a) crustose lichen
2. c) climax community
3. d) ecesis
4. a) Nudation->Invasion-> competition and
co action->reaction->stabilization
5. d) secondary succession
6. b) psammosere
7. a) nudation
8. c) hydrarch succession
9. a) sere
10. a) It is a random process
11. b) Crustose lichen stage->Foilose lichen
stage->moss stage->herb stage->shrub
stage->forest stage (climax community)
12. d) phytoplankton->Rooted aquatic plants-
>Free floating stage->Reed swamp stage-
>Sedge Meadow stage-> wood land stage->
Climax forest