02 August 2022 Quick Fill Mechanism

1.
INTODUCTION
In this modern world excavation and backfilling of pits is an essential thing during projects.
For example digging of gravel for road construction, foundations of buildings and bridges,
mining processes, burial ceremonies, brick molding to mention a few. Partially or in full
refilling of these excavated pits is needed. To backfill means to refill an excavated hole with
the material dug out of it. This process may need machines to make it easy for workers and
some examples of these machines are: Backhoe loader, Tipper, Dumpers, Wheelbarrows and
shovels.
The above mentioned machines for digging soil and quickly refill excavated pits are well
established where as others are still in progress of development. Some are manual were
others are automated. Manual machine are cheap and common but slowness and laborious is
a challenging issue. Automated machines are fast and others slow but the problem is that they
are expensive as a result are they are owned mostly with well-established companies.
This gap was identified to be a problem particularly in civil engineering project and some
local business companies, for example funeral ceremony companies that work against limited
time, space and different ground conditions. In this present age were most activities in these
project are handled by machines, it becomes so interest to try to provide an engineering
solution to the problem. The response to this stimulus is what is called a universal quick refill
machine. A machine that can be adopted by any companies in the Small and Medium
Enterprises category.
2. OBJECTIVES
2.1. Main Objective
The objective of the project is to design, manufacture and test a universal quick fill
mechanism for excavated pits that can be affordable.
2.2. Specific Objective
 To give the low income earners a prospect of buying the machine.
 To make sure that machine can work everywhere (Different terrain and compromised
space).
 To block up the gap left by both fast (heavy and expensive) and slow (cheap)
machines.
 To make sure that the machine can be operated by anyone.
3. DESIGN BRIEF
It is required to design and manufacture a model/prototype of a universal quick filling
machine for excavated pits. The machine should be able to operate on different types of
ground being on an incline or flat surface. Further, the machine has to reduce the work in
the way that soil can be hold in a hopper and ejected into the pit quickly.
The need for this project cannot be underrated since the construction projects, burial
ceremonies, mining projects and cement companies needs machine operations to help
improve efficiency so this would mean cutting cost, time and labor.
So the basic aim of this project is to design, manufacture and test the mechanism that can
hold and eject soil in the excavated pits as quickly as possible.
4. METHEDOLOGY
4.1. LITERATURE REVIEW

Different types of information that have been gathered from site visits and the internet are as
follows:
Digging out of soil from the earth and eventually refilling after projects it’s an essential thing
and it requires heavy duty and lighter machines to assist in digging and refilling processes.
Some of the machines that are used are: Backhoe loader, Tippers, Wheelbarrows, shovels and
Equipter RB 3000.
The backhoe Loader is one of the mostly used machine when it comes to backfilling
excavated pits. It comprises a bucket on the end of the articulated boom, set on a pneumatic
crawler tractor unit. The boom, bucket arm and bucket are usually controlled by hydraulic
rams. Buckets are available for back-actors in different sixes up to 3 m³ depending on the
power of the machine and use. Loading is generally carried out by lifting the bucket and
swinging the boom away from the working face to the awaiting haulage vehicle.
Alternatively, material can be dumped adjacent to the machine.
ADVANTAGE OF THE BACKHOE LOADER

 Fast and timeless
 It can tackle both flat surfaces and inclines
 They are durable
DISADVANTAGES OF THE BACKHOE LOADER
 Expensive
 Occupy more space thereby not favorable for small areas
 They need skill to operate
A wheelbarrow is another machine that is used when backfilling excavated pits. A

wheelbarrow uses two simple machines: the wheel and the axle, and the lever to make the
process of carrying heavy loads easier. So it can be used to carry or hold soil, so to offload
the soil in order to refill the pit one need to raise the lever (handles) so that the soil carried
can be dumped by gravitational force. This is an easy machine to operate but it is however
limited to scope of use and small quantities can be carried hence making it not a fast and very
efficient machine.
ADVANTAGES OF A WHEELBARROW
 Easy to service
 Does not require skill to drive
 Excellent maneuverability
DISADVANTAGES OF A WHEELBARROW
 Awkward and unstable when you have loaded it to capacity
 It requires more back work to fill while using a shovel because it is raised much higher
than the surface level
Furthermore there is a tipper truck. It is a truck having a rear platform which can be raised at its
front end, thus enabling a load to be discharged. It carries bulk materials such as sand, gravel and
grain. They are usually loaded from overhead hoppers. At the destination, the back of the truck is
tipped to discharge the load. The body of the truck is pivoted at the back. At the front, hydraulic
rams extend to raise the front of the body. The rams operate using oil under pressure, pumped by
the main engine or by a separate diesel engine.
ADVANTAGES OF A TIPPER TRUCKS

 They offer precise unloading and agile maneuverability, without compromising on
weight capacity.
 They are cost effective material transportation
 They transport heavy or high volume materials
DISADVANTAGES OF A TIPPER TRUCKS
 They are expensive to buy
 Lubrication is required for running smoothly
 Require compressor for store air
The last example of a tool that is used when refilling pits it’s a shovel. A shovel is a tool with a
long handle and broad scoop used to lift and throw loose material. The shovel operates using
several main motions including: Hoisting-Pulling the bucket up through the bank of material
being dug. Crowding-Moving the dipper handle in or out in order to control the depth of cut or to
position for dumping. Swinging-Rotating the shovel between the dig site and dumping location.
ADVANTAGES OF A SHOVEL
 It is cheap to buy
 Maintenance free
 Readily available
 Easy to operate and handle
DISADVANTAGES OF A SHOVEL
 It carries small amount of loads
 Cannot with stand heavy loads
 Tiresome
The RB 3000 commentary dump trailer revolutionizes the burial process. Great digging crews
uses the drivable trailer to move and store displaced soil out of site during funerals. Then its
hydraulic tailgate and dump fracture make it easy to dump back into the grave once the casket is
lowered into the place.
ADVANTAGES OF THE RB 3000
 Eliminate the use of dumper track i.e. tipper
 Cheap to buy as we use a compressor to dump track i.e. tipper
 Light weight
 Less fuel consumption
DISADVANTAGES
 Installation of engine is expensive
 Needs regular maintenance
EQUIPTER RB3000 (Self-Propelled Dump Trailer )
7. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
The design specifications were developed to guide in the design process.
7.1. Basic Function
The machine should be able to:
 Hold soil to a maximum capacity of 6 m³
 Reload and eject soil quickly from its reservoir
7.2. Quality
The machine should have a good design and appearance.
It should consist of easily manufactured parts that are strong and have a long life span.
7.3. Environmental Factors

The end product should;
 Work satisfactory in different types of terrains and spaces.
 Environmental friendly ( no air pollution)
 Not pose danger to those operating it
7.4. Life Expectancy
The machine is expected to at least last for 10 years with a deviation of 5% per annum
7.5. Maintenance
The machine should:
 Be easy to service with no special tools required during the maintenance
 Not require skilled labor
 Have parts that are easily accessible in order to make the maintenance work easy
7.6. Target Costs
The cost of the manufacture should be less than K 100,000 and the product should have
an end cost user of K 200,000.
7.7. Transportation
The machine should easily transferred although it is a bit huge with the aid of wheels and
motors.
7.8. User Accuracy
To improve probability that the estimated value is really indeed the right one by
measuring the amount of soil being handled by calibrating the hopper. By doing so errors
in estimations will be eliminated.
8. CONCEPT GENERATION
9. EVALUATING AND SELECTING OF CONCEPT
10. CALCULATIONS
11. DRAWINGS
12. CONCLUSION
13. RECOMMENDATIONS
14. REFERENCES

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1.

4.1. LITERATURE REVIEW

ADVANTAGE OF THE BACKHOE LOADER

A wheelbarrow is another machine that is used when backfilling excavated pits. A

ADVANTAGES OF A TIPPER TRUCKS

7.3. Environmental Factors

9. EVALUATING AND SELECTING OF CONCEPT

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