INDEX

S. NO. TOPIC PAGE. NO.

PART 1: BUSINESS MATHS

CHAPTER 1 RATIO AND PROPORTION 1.1 – 1.50

INDICEDS, LOGARITHMS

CHAPTER 2 EQUATION AND MATRICES 2.1 – 2.33

UNIT: 1 EQUATIONS

CHAPTER 3 LINERAR INEQUALITIES 3.1 - 3.16

CHAPTER 4 TIME VALUE OF MONEY 4.1 – 4. 60

CHAPTER 5 BASIS CONCEPTS OF 5.1 – 5. 35

PERMUTATIONS AND
COMBINATIONS

CHAPTER 6 SEQUENCE AND SERIES – 6.1 – 6.42

ARITHMETIC AND
GEOMETRIC
PROGRESSIONS

CHAPTER 7 SETS FUNCTIONS AND 7.1 – 7.30

 RELATIONS

CHAPTER 8 BASIC COMPONENTS OF 8.1 – 8.39

DIFFERNTIAL AND
INTEGRAL CALCULUS

A- DIFFERENTIAL
CALCULUS
B- INTEGRAL CALCULUS

PART 2: LOGICAL REASONING

CHAPTER 9 NUMBER SERIES, CODING 9.1 - 9.28

AND DECODING AND ODD
MAN OUT

CHAPTER 10 DIRECTIONS TESTS 10.1 – 10.37

CHAPTER 11 SEATING ARRANGEMENTS 11.1 – 11.69

CHAPTER 12 BLOOD RELATIONS 12.1 – 12.28

PART 3 STATISTICS

CHAPTER 13 STATISTICAL 13.1 – 13.36

DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA

CHAPTER 14 MEASURES OF CENTRAL

TENDENCY AND 14.1 – 14.82
 DISPERSION

UNIT 1: MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY
UNIT 2: DISPERSIONS

CHAPTER 15 PROBABILITY 15.1 – 15.139

CHAPTER 16 THEORETICAL 16.1-16.33

DISTRIBUTIONS

CHAPTER 17 CORRELATIONS AND 17.1 – 17.35

REGRESSION

CHAPTER 18 INDEXES NUMBER 18.1 – 18.32

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CHAPTER - 1
RATIO AND PROPORTION, INDICES, LOGARITHMS

UNIT I: RATIO

TYPES OF RATIO

Continued ratio is the relation (or A ratio compounded of

compassion) between the magnitude of itself is called duplicate
three or more Quantities of the same kind. ratio a2 : b2 is the
The continued ratio of three similar duplicate ratio of a:b
quantities a, b, c is written as a : b : c

Continued ratio is the relation ( or

compassion) between the
The sub-duplicate ratio magnitudes of three or more.
Similarly the Quantities of the same kind. the
triplicate ratio a : b of a : b is a : b and the
sub-triplicate ratio of a continued ratio of three similar
is a3 : b3. quantities a ,b, c is written as a : b: c
: b is a 1 /3 : b1/3

A ratio is a comparison of the sizes of two or more

RATIO

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If a and b are two quantities of the same kind (in

same units). Then the fraction a/b is called the ratio
of a to b. it is written as a: b. Thus, the ratio of a to b
= a/b or a: b. The quantities a and b are called the
terms of the ratio, a is called the first term or
antecedent and b is called the second term or
consequent
Quantities of the same kind by division.

UNIT II: PROPORTIONS

MEANING An equality of two ratios is called a proportion. Four quantities a,
b, c, d are said to be in proportion if a : b = c : d.
The quantities a, b, c, d are called terms of the proportion a, b,
TERMS OF c, and d are called its first, second, third and fourth terms
PROPORTION respectively.
First and fourth terms are called extremes (or terms), second
and third terms are called means (or middle term.

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Cross product
rule

a : b = c : d => a : c = b
p : q = r : s => q : p =s : :d
r (Invertendo) ( Alternendo)

a : b = c : d => a + b : b a : b = c : d => a - b : b = a : b = c : d => a + b : a - b =

=c+d:d c-d:d c + d : c - d (Componendo
& dividendo )
(Componendo) ( Dividendo )

This is called product rule.

Three quantities a, b, c of the same kind (in same units) are
said to be in continuous proportion if a: b = b:c, i.e. a/b =
b/c i.e. b2 = ac
PROPERTIES
If a, b, c is in continuous proportion, then the middle term b
is called the mean proportion between a and c, a is the first
proportional and c is the third proportion.
Thus, if b is mean proportional between a and c, then b2 =
ac i.e. √𝒂𝒄
If a: b = c: d then d is called fourth proportional.
If a: b = c: d is in proportion then a/b = c/d i.e. ad = bc
i.e. product of extreme = product of means.

Unit: 3 INDICES
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Laws and Properties.

1. am × an = am+n, when m and n are positive
integers (base must be same)
2. am/an =am–nwhen m and n are positive
integers and m > n
3. (am)n = amnwhere m and n are positive
integers
4. (ab)n = an.bnwhen n can take all of the values.
5. ao = 1
6. a–m = 1/am and 1/a–m = am

UNIT IV: LOGARITH

LOGARITHM.
•The two equations ax = n and x = logan are only transformations of
each other and should be remembered to change one form of the
relation into the other.

•The logarithm of 1 to any base is zero. This is because any number

raised to the power zero is one.

•Since a0 = 1 , loga1 = 0

•The logarithm of any quantity to the same base is unity. This is

because any quantity raised to the power 1 is that quantity.

•Since a1 = a , loga a = 1

Fundamental Laws of Logarithm

1. Loga mn = logam + logan

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loga m/n= logam – logan

2.
3. logamn = n logam

4. logaa = 1, a =1
5. loga1 =0

6. logba ×logab = 1

7. logba ×logcb = logca

logba = log a/log b
8.
logba =1/logab
9.

Question 1
Ratio between 150 gm and 2 kg
(a) 3: 40 (b) 3: 40
(c) 6: 12 (d) None of these
Answer: A
Explanation:
Ratio between 150 gm and 2000 gm =150/2000 = 3/40 = 3:40

Question 2
a: b = c: d, then b: a = d: c
(a) Alternendo (b) Dividend
(c) Invertendo (d) Componendo
Answer: C
Explanation:
Invertendo properties of proportion is a: b = c: d then b: a= d:c
Question 3
The monthly incomes of two persons are in the ratio 4:5 and their
monthly expenditure are in the ratio7:9. If each save Rs. 50 per month,
find their monthly incomes.

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(a) 600 and 100 (b) 500 and 400

(c) 900 and 700 (d) 400 and 500
Answer: D
Explanation:
Let the monthly incomes of oneperson be Rs. 4x and that of the other be Rs.
5x
Let the monthly expenses of one person be 7y and that of other be 9y
According to the question,
4x – 7y = 50 ………... (1)
5x – 9y = 50 ………… (2)
On solving both equations, we get
Y = 50
X = 100
Therefore,
Monthly income of one person
= 4 × 100 = 400
Monthly income for the other person
= 5 × 100 = 500
So, the sum of their monthly incomes
= 400 + 500 = 900
Hence, the monthly incomes of the two persons are Rs. 4 × 100 and Rs. 5× 100
i.e. Rs. 400 and Rs. 500.

Question 4
Ruhanika weights 56.7 kg. If he reduces his weight in the ratio 7: 6, find
his new weight.
(a) 486.96kg (b) 48.6kg
(c) 486kg (d) 4.86kg
Answer: B
Explanation:
Original weight of Ruhanika = 56.7 kg He reduces his weight in the ratio 7 : 6
His new weight = ( 6×56.7)/7= 6×8.1 =48.6 kg

Question 5
Find the value of x if 10/3: x = 5/2: 5/4
(a) 5/3 (b) 3/5
(c) 9/5 (d) 5/9
Answer: A
Explanation:
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10/3: x = 5/2: 5/4

Using cross product rule, x × 5/2 = (10/3) × 5/4
or, x= (10/3) × (5/4) × (2/5) = 5/3

Question6
Find the third proportion to 2.4 kg, 9.6 kg.
(a) 384kg (b) 38.4 kg
(c) 3804kg (d) 3.84 kg
Answer: B
Explanation:
Let the third proportion to 2.4 kg, 9.6 kg be x kg. Then 2.4 kg, 9.6 kg and x kg
are in continued proportion since
b2 = ac so, 2.4/9.6 = 9.6/x or, x = (9.6 × 9.6)/2.4 = 38.4
Question7
The inverse ratio of 11:15 is:
(a) 15: 11 (b) 11: 11
(c) 15: 15 (d) √11 ∶ √15
Answer: A
Explanation:
One ratio is the inverse of another if their product is 1. Thus a: b is the inverse
of b: a and vice – versa.

Question8
If a: b = c: d = e: f = ……………, then each of these ratios is equal
(a) (a + c + e + …….): (b + d +f + (b) (a + c + e +…….): (b + d +f + ……)
……) is equal to each ratio is greater to each ratio
(c) (a + c + e + ……): (b + d + f + ……) (d) None
is zero ratio
Answer: A
Explanation:
Due to addendo property.

Question9
If a: b = c: d = 2.5: 1.5, what are the values of ad: b c and a + c: b + d?
(a) ad: b c and a +c: b + d are 2:1 (b) ad: b c and a + c: b + d are 1: 1
and 8:3 and 5: 3
(c) ad: b c and a + c: b + d are 1:1 (d) None.
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and 5: 5
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the given proportion a: b and c: d, applying cross product rule, we get
ad = bc
Dividing by bc on both sides, we get
𝑎𝑑
=1
𝑏𝑐
𝑎𝑑 1
=
𝑏𝑐 1
ad: bc = 1: 1
Given: a: b = c: d = 2.5: 1.5 --------- (1)
In the given proportion a: b and c: d applying the property addendo, we get
a: b = c: d = (a+b) : (c+d) ---------- (2)
From (1) and (2) we get
(a+b): (c+d) = 2.5: 1.5
(a+b): (c+d) = (2.5 × 10) : (1.5 × 10)
(a+b): (c+d) = 25: 15
(a+b): (c+d) = (25/5) : (15/5)
(a+b): (c+d) = 5: 3

Question10
Simplify 2x ½ 3x-1 if x = 4
(a) 3 (b) 6
(c) 0.3 (d) 30
Answer: A
Explanation:
We have 2x ½ 3x -1
= 6x ½ x -1 = 6x ½-1
= 6x ½
=3

Question11
Find the value of k form (√𝟗)-7 x (√𝟑)-5 3k
(a) 19/2 (b) 19/3
(c) -19/3 (d) -19/2
Answer: d
Explanation:

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−7 −5
(√9) × (√3) = 3𝑘
1 −7 1 −5
2 )2
⇒ {( 3 } {(3) }
2 = 3𝑘
−5
⇒3−7 × 3 2 = 3𝑘
−5
⇒ 3−7 2 = 3𝑘
−14−5
⇒3 2 = 3𝑘
−19
⇒ 3 = 3𝑘
2
−19
⇒k=
2

Question12
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝟏 =?
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) x (d) m
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to properties of logarithm log 𝑎 1 = 0

Question13
log 6 +log 8 is expressed as
(a) log 11 (b) log 48
(c) either a or b (d) log 14
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to properties of logarithm i.e., log 𝑎 𝑚 + log 𝑎 𝑛 = log 𝑎 𝑚𝑛

Question14
𝟒 𝟐
A and B together have Rs. 1210. If of A’s amount is equal to of B’s
𝟏𝟓 𝟓
amount, how much amount does B have?
(a) Rs. 460 (b) Rs. 484
(c) Rs. 550 (d) Rs. 664
Answer: B
Explanation:
Rs484.
The logarithm of 16 to the base 2 is equal to 4
4 2
𝐴 = B
15 5

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2 15
➔A=( × )B
5 4
3
➔A= B
2
A 3
➔ =
B 2
A: B = 3: 2
2
B’s share = Rs. [1210 × ]
5

Question15
A sum of Rs. 312was divided among 100 boys and girls in such a way
that the boy gets Rs. 3.60 and each girl Rs. 2.40 the number of girls is
(a) 35 (b) 40
(c) 45 (d) 50
Answer: B
Explanation:
Step (I): Let x be the numbers of boys and y be the number of girls.
Given total number of boys and girls = 100
X + y=100 --------- (I)

Step (ii): A boy gets Rs. 3.60 and a girl gets Rs. 2.40
The amount given to 100 boys and girls = Rs. 312
3.60x + 2.40y = 312 ------------- (ii)

Step (iii):
Solving (i) and (ii)
3.60x + 3.60y = 360 --------Multiply (I) by 3.60
3.60x + 2.40y = 312 ----------- (ii)
1.20y = 48
Y = 48 / 1.20
= 40
➔ Number of girls = 40

Question16
Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number.
The ratio of the two numbers is:
(a) 2 :5 (b) 3: 5
(c) 4 :5 (d) 6 : 7
Answer: C
Explanation:

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Let the third number be x.

120x 6x
Then, first number = 120% of x = =
100 5
150x 3x
Second number = 150% of x = =
100 2
6𝑥 3𝑥
Ratio of first two numbers = ( ∶ ) = 12x: 15x = 4: 5.
5 2

Question17
Seats for mathematics, physics and biology in a school are in the ratio
5:7:8, There is a proposal to increase these seats by 40%, 50% and 75%
respectively. What will be the ratio of increased seats?
(a) 2:3:4 (b) 6:7:8
(c) 6:8:9 (d) None of these
Answer: A
Explanation:
Originally, let the number of seats for mathematics, Physics and biology be 5x,
7x and 8x respectively.
Number of increased seats are (140% of 5x), (150% of 7x) and (175% of 8x)
140 150 175
( x × 5x) , ( x × 7x) and ( x × 8x)
100 100 100
21x
7x, and 14x
2
21x
∴ The required ratio = 7x, : 14x
2
→ 14x: 21x: 28x
→ 2: 3: 4

Question18
A sum of money is to be distributed among A, B, C and D in the
proportion of 5: 2: 4: 3. If c gets Rs. 1000 more than D, what is B’s share?
(a) Rs. 500 (b) Rs. 1500
(c) Rs. 2000 (d) None of these
Answer: C
Explanation:
Let the shares of A, B, C and D be Rs. 4x and RS.3X Respectively.
Then, 4x – 3x = 1000
➔ x = 1000.
➔ B’s share = Rs. 2x = Rs. ( 2× 1000 ) = Rs. 2000.
140 𝑥 150 𝑥 175 𝑥
( × ) , ( × ), ( × )
100 5𝑥 100 7𝑥 100 8𝑥

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21𝑥
7x, and 14x
2
14 x: 21x: 28x
2:3:4

Question19
Salaries of Ravi and Sumit are in the ratio 2:3. If the salary of each is
increased by Rs. 4000, the new ratio between 40: 57. What is Sumit’s
salary?
(a) Rs. 17,000 (b) Rs. 20,000
(c) Rs. 25,500 (d) Rs. 38,000
Answer: D
Explanation:
Let the original salaries of Ravi and Sumit be Rs. 2x and Rs. 3x respectively.
2𝑥+4000 40
Then =
3𝑥+4000 57
➔ 57(2x + 4000) = 40(3x + 4000)
➔ 6x = 68,000
➔ 3x = 34,000
Sumit’s present salary = (3x +4000) = Rs. (34000+4000) = Rs. 38,000.

Question20
The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a college is 7:8. If the
percentage increase in the number of boys and girls be 20% and 10%
respectively, what will be the new ratio?
(a) 8: 9 (b) 17: 18
(c) 21: 22 (d) None
Answer: C
Explanation:
Their increased number is (120% of 7x) and (110% of 8x).
Originally, let the number of boys and girls in the college be 7x and 8x
respectively.
120 110
( × 7𝑥) and ( × 8𝑥)
100 100
42𝑥 44𝑥
and
5 5
42𝑥 44𝑥
The required ratio = ( ∶ ) = 21:22
5 5

Question21
If 0.75: x=5: 8, then x is equal to:
(a) 1.12 (b) 1.20

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(c) 1.25 (d) 1.30

Answer: B
Explanation:
0.75: x:: 5: 8
0.75 5
⇒ =
𝑥 8
8
⇒ x = 0.75 ×
5
⇒ 1.2

Question22
The sum of three numbers is 98. If the ratio of the first to second is 2:3
and that of the second to the third is 5:8, then the second number is:
(a) 20 (b) 30
(c) 48 (d) 58
Answer: B
Explanation:
Let the three parts be A, B, C, Then,
3 3 24
A: B = 2: 3 and B: C = 5: 8 =[5 × ] : [8 × ] 3:
5 5 5
24
⇒ A: B: C = 2:3: = 10: 15: 24
5
15
⇒ B = [98 × ] = 30
49

Question23
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
If Rs. 782 be divided into three parts, proportional to : ∶ , then the
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
first part is:
(a) Rs. 182 (b) Rs. 190
(c) Rs. 196 (d) Rs. 204
Answer: D
Explanation:
1 2 3
Given ratio = : ∶ , = 6:8: 9 ………………. Multiplying by 12
2 3 4
6
1st part = Rs. [782 × ]
23
= Rs.204

Question24

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The salaries A, B, C are in the ratio 2:3:5. If the increments of 15%. 10%
and 20% are allowed respectively in their salaries, then what will be
new ratio of their salaries?
(a) 3:3: 10 (b) 10:11: 20
(c) 23:33: 60 (d) None of these
Answer: C
Explanation:
Let A = 2k, B = 3k and C = 5k.
A′ s new 115 𝑜𝑓 115 × 23𝑘
( )=
𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦 = 100 2k = 100 2𝑘 10

B ′ s new 110 of 110 × 33𝑘

( )=
salary = 100 3k = 100 3𝑘 10

110 × 120 of 120 ×

( ) ( ) = 6K
100 3𝑘 100 5k = 100 5𝑘

𝑁𝑒𝑤 23𝑘 33𝑘

( ∶ ∶ 6𝑘)
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 10 10
= 23: 33: 60
Question25
If 40% of a number is equal to two-third of another number, what is the
ratio of first number the second number?
(a) 2: 5 (b) 3:4
(c) 5: 3 (d) 7: 3
Answer: C
Explanation:
2
Let 40% of A = B
3
40𝐴 2𝐵
Then, =
100 3
2𝐴 2𝐵
➔ =
5 3
𝐴 2 5 5
➔ =( × )=
𝐵 3 2 3
A: B = 5: 3

Question26
The fourth proportional to 5, 8, 15 is:
(a) 18 (b) 24
(c) 19 (d) 20

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Answer: b
Explanation:
Let the fourth proportional to 5, 8, 15 be x.
Then, 5:8:15: x
➔ 5x = (8×15)
(8×15)
X= = 24
5
View Answer Discuss in forum workspace Report

Question27
Two number are in the ratio 3: 5. If 9 is subtracted from each, the new
numbers are in the ratio 12:23. The smaller number is:
(a) 27 (b) 33
(c) 49 (d) 55
Answer: B
Explanation:
Let the numbers be 3x and 5x.
3𝑥−9 12
Then, =
5𝑥−9 23
➔ 23(3x-9) = 12(5x-9)
➔ 9x = 99
➔ x = 11
The smaller number = (3x × 11) = 33

Question28
In a bag, there are coins of 25 p, 10 p and 5 p in the ratio of 1:2: 3. If
there is Rs. 30 in all, how many 5 p coins are there
(a) 50 (b) 100
(c) 150 (d) 200
Answer: C
Explanation:
Let the number of 25 p, 10 p and 5 p coins be x, 2x, 3x respectively.
25x 10x2x 5x3x
Then, sum of their values = Rs. [ + + ]
100 100 100
60𝑥 30×100
∴ = 30 → = 50
100 60
Hence, the number of 5 p coins = (3×50) = 150

Question29
𝒂𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐛−𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐜 . 𝐛 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐜−𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐚 . 𝐜 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂−𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟

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(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) -1 (d) None
Answer: A
Explanation:
Let x = 𝑎logb−logc . b logc−loga . c 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏
Taking log both the sides, we get
Log x = log (𝑎logb−logc . b logc−loga . c 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 )
= logalogb−logc + logb logc−loga + logc𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏
= (logb - logc) loga + (logc – loga) logb + (loga – logb) logc
=0
Log x = 0
⇒ x = 𝑒0
⇒1

Question30
𝟏 𝟏
If log a = logb = logc, the value of a4 b3 c-2 is
𝟐 𝟓
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) -1 (d) None
Answer: A
Explanation:
1 1
Let loga = logb = logc = k
2 5
Then log a = k ➔ a = ek
1
logb = k ➔ logb = 2k
2
➔ b = e2k
1
logc = k ➔ logc = 5k
5
➔ c = e5k
a4b3c-2 = e4k. e6k. e-10k
= e0 = 1

Question31
The ratio of market prices of wheat and paddy is 2:3 and the ratio of
quantities consumed in a family is 5:4. Find the ratio expenditure of
wheat and paddy.
(a) 6:5 (b) 5:6
(c) 1:1 (d) 8:15
Answer: B
Explanation:

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Expenditure = Price × Quantity

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 2 Wheat quantity consumed 5
= and =
𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 3 paddy quantity consumed 4
Multiplying both ratios
Wheat price × Wheat quantity consumed = 2×5
Paddy price × paddy quantity consumed = 3×4
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 5
=
𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑦 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 6

Question32
If A: B = 2:3, B:C = 4:5 and C: D = 6:7, then find the value of A: B:C:D
(a) 15:24:30:35 (b) 16:24:30:35
(c) 17:24:30:35 (d) 18:24:30:35
Answer: B
Explanation:
Given a: b = 2: 3, b: c = 4: 5, c: d = 6: 7
a: b = 2 × 8: 3 × 8 = 16: 24
b: c = 4 × 6: 5 × 6 = 24: 30
c: d = 6 × 5: 7 × 5 = 30: 35
So, a: b: c: d = 16: 24: 30: 35

Question33
The value of log2 (log5 625) is:
(a) 2 b) 5
(c) 10 (d) 15
Answer: A
Explanation:
Let log5 625 = x.
Then. 5x = 625 = 54 or x= 4
Let log2 4 = y or 2y = 4 = 22 or y = 2
Log2 (log5 625) = 2

Question34
In a library, he ratio of number of story books to that of non - story
books was 4:3 and total number of story books was 1248. When some
more story books were bought, the ratio became 5:3. Find the number of
story books bought.
(a) 312 (b) 321

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(c) 936 (d) 1560

Answer: A
Explanation:
story books 4
=
Non − story books 3
3 3
Non – story books = x story books = × 1248 = 936
4 4
Let M story books be added. So number of story books = 1248: M

Story books 5
=
Non − story books 3
1248+𝑀 5
=
936 3
1248 + M = 1560
M = 312 – Number of books added

Question35
Log144 is equal to:
(a) 2log4+ 2log2 (b) 4 log 2 + 2log3
(c) 3log2 + 4log3 (d) 3 log2 × 4log3
Answer: B
Explanation:
Log 144
Log (24× 32)
Log 24 + log 32
4 log 2 + 2log3

Question36
Price of each article of type P, Q AND R is Rs. 300, Rs. 180 and Rs. 12
Respectively. Suresh buys articles of each type in the ratio 3:2:3 in Rs.
6480. How many articles of type Q did he purchase?
(a) 8 (b) 14
(c) 20 (d) None of the above
Answer: A
Explanation:
Let the common factor be k.

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Hence, the number of articles of type P, Q and R will be 3k, 2k and 3k

respectively
Also,
Unit price of article x Number of articles = Total amount for the articles
300 x 3k + 180 x 2k + 120 x 3k = 6480
K=4
Number of articles of type Q = 2k = 8

Question37
Ajay and Raj together have Rs. 1050. On taking Rs. 150 from Ajay will
have same amount as what Raj had earlier. Find the ratio of amounts
with Ajay and Raj initially.
(a) 3:4 (b) 7:1
(c) 1:3 (d) 4:3
Answer: D
Explanation:
Let initially money with Ajay be A and with Raj be R
So, A+R = 1050 ………… (1)
Also, money is taken from Ajay, so
A-150 = R
A-R = 150 …………… (2)
Adding both equations
2A = 1200
A = Rs. 600 = Initial money with Ajay
R = 1050 - 600 = Rs. 450 = Initial money with Raj
Amount with Ajay 600 4
= =
Amount with Raj 450 3

Question38
The three numbers are in the ratio ½: 2/3: ¾. The difference between
greatest and smallest numbers is 36. Find the numbers.
(a) 72, 84, 108 (b) 60, 72, 96
(c) 72, 84, 96 (d) 72,96, 108
Answer: A
Explanation:
Let the common factor be k
𝑘 2𝑘 3𝑘
So the three numbers are , ,
2 3 4
Also, we know that, greatest – smallest = 36

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3𝑘 𝑘
− = 36
4 2

K = 144
𝑘 144
The numbers are = = 72
2 2

2𝑘 2 × 144 3𝑘 3 × 144
= = 84 ∶ = = 108
2 2 4 4

Question39
If log3y = 100 and log3x = 10, then the value of y is:
(a) 310 (b) 3100
(c) 31000 (d) 310000
Answer: C
Explanation:
Log3x = 10
Hence, x = 310
logx y = 100
y = x100 = (3100) = y = 31000

Question40
The third proportional between a2 – b2 and (a + b)2 is
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
(a) (b)
𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
(𝑎+𝑏)3 (𝑎+𝑏)3
(c) (d)
𝑎−𝑏 (𝑎−𝑏)3
Answer: C
Explanation:
Let x be required third proportional, then
(a2 – b2):(a + b)2:: (a + b )2 : x
𝑎 2 − 𝑏2 (𝑎+𝑏)2
➔ =
(𝑎+𝑏)2 𝑥
➔x (a2 – b2) = (a+ b )4 i.e. x (a – b)(a + b) = (a + b )4
(𝑎+𝑏)3
➔x=
𝑎−𝑏

Question41
A sum of Rs. 53 is divided in such a way that A gets Rs. 7 more than what
b gets and b gets Rs. 8 more than what C gets. The ratio of their share is.
…………
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(a) 25:18:10 (b) 25:18:1

(c) 2:18:10 (d) 25:8:10
Answer: A
Explanation:
Let the share of c = Rs. X.
Then share of B = Rs. (x+8) and share of A = Rs. (x + 8 +7)
Therefore x + (x+8) + (x+15) = 53
➔ 3x = 30 i.e. x = 10
Hence ratio
A: B: C = 25:18: 10

Question42
Fourth proportion to 4, 6, 8 is:
(a) 12 (b) 32
(c) 48 (d) None
Answer: A
Explanation:
Let x be the required fourth proportional. Then 4,6,8, x are in proportion.
4: 6:: 8: x or 4/6, 8/x
= 4x = 48
X = 12

Question43
The mean proportion between 64 and 81 is
(a) 72 b) 62
(c) 48 d) None
Answer: A
Explanation:
Let x be the mean proportional then 64: x:: x: 81
64 𝑥
➔ =
𝑥 81
➔ x2 = 5184
➔ x = 72

Question44
The ratio of numbers of girls and boys participating in sports of a school
is 4:5. If the number of girls is 212, determine the number of boys
participating in the sports.
(a) 256 (b) 265

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(c) 251 (d) 263

Answer: b
Explanation:
Let the number of girls 4x
But number of girls 212
So,
4x = 212
212
x=
4
x = 53 …. (1)
Number of boys = 5x
Put the value of x
= 5 × 53 = 265

Question45
Income ratio of Ramesh and Suresh is 5:6. Their spending ratio is 7:9,
Ramesh saves 4000 and Suresh saves 3000. Income and spending
respectively of Ramesh and Suresh are
(a) Ramesh – 25000, 21000,Suresh (b) Ramesh – 36000, 32000;
– 30000, 27000 Suresh -30000,27000
(c) Ramesh – 30000, 27000; (d) None of the above
Answer: A
Explanation:
5
Income ratio = Ramesh: Suresh = 5:6 = ;
6
Common factor helps in finding actual values easily
So, Take ‘A’ as common factor
Income of Ramesh = 5A: Income of Suresh = 6A
Spending of ramesh Ramesh income 7
= =
spending of Suresh Suresh income 9
5A − 4000 7
=
6A − 3000 9
9(5A-4000) = 7(6A-3000)
A = 5000
Income of Ramesh = 5A = 25000;
Income of Suresh = 6A = 30000
Spending of Ramesh = 25000-4000=21000
Spending of Suresh = 30000 – 3000 = 27000
Ramesh – 25000, 21000; Suresh – 30000, 27000

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Question46
Find A: B: C: D when A: B = 2:3; B:C = 7:9; C:D = 5:7
(a) 70:105:135: 189 (b) 105:115:236: 189
(c) 70:124:155: 201 (d) 12:78:256: 189
Answer: A
Explanation:
A: B = 2:3; B: C = 7:9; C: D = 5:7
a=2
b=3
c=7
d=9
e=5
f=7
A: B: C: D = [2 × 7 × 5]: [3 × 9 × 5]: [3 × 9 × 7]
A: B: C: D = 70:105:135:189

Question47
Find the mean proportional between 7 and 63?
(a) 35 (b) 21
(c) 27 (d) 30
Answer: B
Explanation:
In a: b: c, mean proportion = b
a: b : c can be written as a : b :: b : c
𝑎 𝑏
a: b :: b : c = = = 𝑏2 = 𝑎𝑐
𝑏 𝑐
Here, a = 7; c = 63
b = √7 × 63 = 21

Question48
It was intended that Rs. 585 be divided among P, Q and R in the ratio of
4:3:2, but by mistake the distribution was made in the proportion of 1/4
: 1/3 : 1/2. How much does ‘R’ gain by the error?
(a) Rs. 99 (b) Rs. 126
(c) Rs. 140 (d) Rs. 152
Answer: C
Explanation:
Total amount = Rs. 585
On dividing it in the ratio of 4:3: 2
Share of P = 4/9 * 585 = Rs. 260
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Share of Q = 3/9 * 585 = Rs. 195

Share of R = 2/9 * 585 = Rs. 130
But the amount has been divided in the proportion of 1/4: 1/3: 1/2 i.e. 3: 4: 6
Share of P = 3/13* 585 = Rs. 135
Share of Q = 4/13* 585 = Rs. 180
Share of R = 6/13* 585 = Rs. 270
Therefore, gain for R by Virtue of error = Rs. 270 – Rs. 130 = Rs. 140

Question49
By giving Rs. 50 to M, A would have the amount equal to what M had
earlier. If the sum of the amounts with A and M is Rs. 650. What is the
ratio of the amount with A to that with M earlier.
(a) 7 : 4 (b) 5 : 3
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 7 : 6
Answer: D
Explanation:
Let the amounts with A and M be Rs. ‘’x’’ and Rs. ‘’y’’ respectively.
Thus, we have, x + y = 650
X – 50 = y
X – y = 50.
Hence, x = 350 & y = 300
Thus the required ratio is 350: 300 = 7: 6

Question50
A housewife wishes to purchase three articles A, B and C from a sum of
Rs. 200. The unit prices of the articles A, B and C are Rs.20 Rs. 35 and Rs.
25 respectively. If she spends the entire amount by purchasing 5
numbers of articles of type C, what is the ratio of the number of articles
purchased of type A to that of type, B?
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 1 (d) None of these
Answer: B
Explanation:
After spending Rs. 125 (25 *5) for article of type C, the housewife is left with
Rs. 75(200-125). Since this amount has to be spent in totality, she must have
purchased 2 articles of type a equivalent to Rs. 40) and 1 article of type B
(equivalent to Rs. 35) Thus, the required ratio is 2: 1.

Question51

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In what ratio should the profit be divided if M, N, O invests capital in

ratio 2:3:5 and their timing of their investments are in the ratio 4:5:6.
(a) 8:15:30 (b) 5:18:28
(c) 4:5:6 (d) 2:3:5
Answer: A
Explanation:
P1:P2: P3 = (2*4): (3*5): (5*6)
= 8:15: 30

Question52
If a flat costs Rs. 4500per sq. ft, and a commercial space costs Rs. 9500
per sq. ft, then what is the ratio of their areas if the total cost of both are
the same?
(a) 9:19 (b) 19:9
(c) 15:28 (d) 28:15
Answer: B
Explanation:
Let A1 be the area of flat and A2 be that of the commercial space
Total cost = area * rate
Therefore, cost of flat = A1*4500; cost of commercial space = A2*9500
Both the above costs are same
A1*4500 = A2*9500
A1:A2 = 9500:4500 = 19:9

Question53
In what ratio should the profit of Rs. 8000 be divided if x starts a
business with an investment of Rs. 20000, y invests Rs. 7500 for 4
months and z invests Rs. 15000 after 3 months from the start of the
business?
(a) 16:2:3 (b) 8:3:6
(c) 16:2:9 (d) 6:9:1
Answer: C
Explanation:
Let the profit of x be P1, that of Y be P2 and of Z be P3.
P1:P2: P3 = 20000*12: 7500*4: 15000*9 = 240: 30: 135 = 80: 10: 45
= 16: 2: 9

Question54
The third proportional to x2-y2, x - y is?
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(a) x + y (b) x – y
(b) x – y/(x + y) (d) 1
Answer: C
Explanation:
A simple problem involving geometric progression (G.P)
In each term, a term of (x +y) is divided.
Hence the third term becomes x-y/ (x + y)

Question55
If the ratio of present ages of jeet and jay is 5:7 and after 6 years the
ratio will be 3:4, what is the present age of jay?
(a) 42 (b) 30
(c) 36 (d) None of these
Answer: A
Explanation:
As the present age of jeet and jay are in the ratio 5: 7, let their ages be 5x and
7x respectively.
Therefore, their ages after 6 years will be (5x + 6) and (7x + 6) respectively.
(5𝑥+6) 3
Now, it is given that =
(7𝑥+6) 4
4× (5x + 6) = 3× (7x + 6)
20x + 24 = 21x + 18
⇒6=x
⇒ x= 6
Present age of jay = 7x = 7 × 6 = 42

Question56
What is the fourth proportional to the numbers 2, 5, 8?
(a) 40 (b) 20
(c) 15 (d) 10
Answer: B
Explanation:
2/5 = 8/x: x = 40/2 = 20

Question57
The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7:8. If the second train
runs 400 kms. In 5 hours, the speed of the first train is:
(a) 10 km/hr (b) 50 km/hr
(c) 70 km/hr (d) None of these

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Answer: C
Explanation:
Speed = Distance/Time
2ND train: speed = 400 / 5
= 80 km/hr
1st train speed = (80/8) ×7 km/hr
= 70 km/hr

Question58
If (5x-3y)/ (5y-3x) = ¾, the value of x: yis:
(a) 2:9 (b) 7:2
(c) 27:29 (d) none of these
Answer: C
Explanation:
(5x – 3y) / (5y – 3x) = 3/4
Cross multiplying the numbers in the left and right,
4 (5x – 3y) = 3 (5y – 3x)
Opening the brackets,
20x – 12y = 15y – 9x
Grouping like terms to one side,
20x + 9x = 15y +12y
29x = 27y
→ 29* x = 27 * y
→ X/y = 27 / 29
→ x: y = 27:29

Question59
A number consist of three digits of which the middle one is zero and the
sum of the other digit is 9. The number formed by interchanging the first
and third digit is more than the original number by 297. Find the
number:
(a) 405 (b) 306
(c) 504 (d) 103
Answer: B
Explanation:
Let ‘’x0y’’ be the required three-digit number. (As per the given information,
middle digit is zero)
‘’ The sum of the other digits is 9’’ ---> x+ y = 9 ---- (1)

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‘’Interchanging the first and third digits ‘’ ----->y0x

From the information given in the question we can have
Y0x – x0y = 207
(100y + x) – (100x +y) = 297
100y + x – 100x – y = 297
-99x + 99y = 297
-x + y = 3 ----- (2)
Solving (1) & (2), we get x = 3 and y = 6
So,
X0y = 306
Hence the required number is 306.

Question60
𝒙𝒂 𝒙𝒃 𝒙𝒄
Show that ( 𝒃 )1/ab × ( 𝒄 )1/bc ×( 𝒂)1/ca reduce to:
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
(a) 1 (b) 3
(c) 0 (d) 2
Answer: A
Explanation:
𝑥𝑎 𝑥𝑏 𝑥𝑐
( 𝑏 ) 1/ab × ( 𝑐 )1/bc × ( 𝑎 )1/ca
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 1
xa × 1 xb × bc xc × ca
ab
× 1 × 1
xb × 1
ab xc × bc xa × ca

1 1 1
xb xc xa
1 × 1 × 1
xa xb xc

=1
Question61

If 5= √𝒙 + √𝒙 + +√𝒙 … … … … … … … . . ∞ then value of x is

(a)10 (b) 20
(c) 5 (d) ∞
Answer: B
Explanation:
5 = √𝑥 + √5
5 = √𝑥 + 5
25 = x + 5
25- 5
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X = 20

Question62
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝐱) +
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐚/𝐛 𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐛/𝐜 (𝐱)
+
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐜/𝐚(𝐱)
is equal to:
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) -1
Answer: B
Explanation:
By the Circular motion
1 1 1
loga/b(x) +
logb/c(x) + logc/a(x)
=1

Question63
If 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 𝒚= 100 and 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒛 𝒙 = 10 then the value of y:
(a) 210 (b) 2100
(c) 21000 (d) 210000
Answer: C
Explanation:
logzx = 10 → log2 x = 10
log 𝑥 𝑦 = 100
Y = x100
Y = (210)100(put value of x)
Y = 21000

Question 64
A computer software company wishes to start the production of floppy
disks. It was observed that the company had to spend a Rs. 2 lakhs for
the technical information’s. The costs of setting up the machine is Rs.
88,000 and the cost of producing each unit is Rs. 30, while each floppy
could be sold at Rs. 45. Find:
(i) The total cost function for producing x floppies; and
(ii) The break - even point
(a) C (x) = 45x +200000, 198000 (b) C (x) = 30x+200000,19200

(c) C (x) = 30x + 288000, 19200 (d) None of these

Answer: C
Explanation:
(i) Cost of floppy + cost on technical information + Cost of setting up
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30x+200000+88000
30x+288000
(ii) By the option Method
45= 864000 = 19200
30+288000, 19200
So, if the owner sells 19200 units of floppy, then only, he will be on BEP

Question65
Division of Rs. 324 between x and y is in the ratio 11:7. X and y would get
Rupees:
(a) (208,120) (b) (200,124)
(c) (180,144) (d) (198,126)
Answer: D
Explanation:
Ratio of division is 11:7 so,
X share = 11a and y is 7a
Total 11a + 7a = 18a
18a = 324
a = 18
x share = 11a = Rs. 198
y share = 7a = Rs. 126

Question66
𝒂 𝒃
If = then:
𝟒 𝟓
𝑎+4 𝑏+4 𝑎+4 𝑏+5
(a) = (b) =
𝑎−4 𝑏−4 𝑎−4 𝑏−5
(c)
𝑎−4
=
𝑏+5 (d) None of these
𝑎+4 𝑏−5
Answer: B
Explanation:
By Componendo Dividendo: -
a /4 = b/5 => a/4 +1 => (a + 4) / (b + 5) = 4/5
a/4 = b/5 => a/4 – 1= b/5 – 1 => (a - 4)/ (b – 5) = 4/5
𝑎+4 𝑏+5
= =
𝑎−4 𝑏−5

PREPARE FOR WORST

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Question 1
(𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟏)−(𝟐/𝟑) B
1 11
(a) − (b) −
11 121
1 121
(c) − (d) −
121 11

Question 2
(𝟑𝟐)(𝒏/𝟓) × 𝟐𝟐𝒏+
𝟒𝒏 × 𝟐𝒏−𝟏
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 2𝑛 (d) 2𝑛+1

Question 3
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Find the value of −(𝟐/𝟑)+ −(𝟑/𝟒)+ −(𝟑/𝟔)
𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝟕𝟗𝟓
(a) 132 (b) 177
(c) 185 (d) 225

Question 4
If 𝟐× 𝟖(𝟏/𝟒) = 𝟐(𝟏/𝟒)then find the value of x
1 1
(a) - (b)
2 2
1 1
(c) (d) -
4 4

Question 5
If 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟗𝒙−𝟏 = 648, then find the value of 𝒙𝒙
(a) 4 (b) 9
(c) 27 (d) 64

Question 6
If 𝟒(𝒙−𝒚) = 64 and 𝟒(𝒙+𝒚) = 1024, then find the value of x.
(a) 3 (b) 1
(c) 6 (d) 4

Question 7
If a and b are whole numbers such that 𝑎𝑏 = 121, then find the value of (𝑎 − 1)𝑏+1
(a) 0 (b) 10
(c) 102
(d) 103

Question 8
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log2 64
(a) 6 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 32

Question 9
𝟏
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟕 [ ]
𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟏
(a) 7 (b) -3
(c) -4 (d) 9

Question 10
49𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟕 𝟒
(a) 7 (b) 14
(c) 16 (d) 18

Question 11
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Simplify [ (𝒂𝒃𝒄)
+ (𝒂𝒃𝒄)
+ ]
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒃 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃𝒄 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒄 (𝒂𝒃𝒄)
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) abc

Question 12
Simplify: 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟒 3 × 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟔𝟒
(a) 3/5 (b) 2/5
(c) 3/4 (d) 1/3

Question 13
If 𝒙𝒂 = 𝒚𝒃 then
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 𝑏
(a) = (b) =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑎
(c)
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
= (d) None of these
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦

Question 14
Find the value of x which satisfies the given expression [log10 2 + log (4x +
1) = log (x + 2) + 1]
(a) 6 (b) 7
(c) -6 (d) -9

Question 15

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A bag contains 50 P, 25 P and 10 P coins in the ratio 5: 9: 4, amounting to Rs.

206. Find the number of coins of each type respectively

Question 16
Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number.
The ratio of the two numbers is:

Question 17
: Salaries of Ravi and Sumit are in the ratio 2:3. If the salary of each is
increased by Rs. 4000, the new ratio becomes 40:57. What is Sumit's salary?

Question 18
: A sum of Rs.312 was divided among 100 boys and girls in such a way that
the boy gets Rs.3.60 and each girl Rs. 2.40 the number of girls is:

Question 19
If Rs. 782 be divided into three parts, proportional to 12:23:3412:23:34,
then the first part is?

Question 20
A mixture contains alcohol and water in the ratio 4 : 3. If 5 liters of water is
added to the mixture, the ratio becomes 4: 5. Find the quantity of alcohol in
the given mixture

Question 21
The compounded ratio of (2: 3), (6: 11) and (11 :2) is

Question 22
If 0.75: x:: 5:8, then x is equal to:

Question 23
The third proportional to x^2-y^2 and x-y is:

Question 24
Seats for Mathematics, Physics and Biology in a school are in the ratio 5:7:8.
There is a proposal to increase these seats by 40%, 50% and 75%
respectively. What will be the ratio of increased seats?

Question 25

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A sum of Rs. 427 is to be divided among A, B and C such that 3 times A’s
share, 4 tunes B’s share and 7 times C’s share are all equal. The share of C is:
SOLUTION=

Question 26
If 76 are divided into four parts proportional to 7, 5, 3, 4, then the smallest
part is:

Question 27
Alloy A contains 40% gold and 60% silver. Alloy B contains 35% gold and
40% silver and 25% copper. Alloys A and B are mixed in the ratio of 1:4.
What is the ratio of gold and silver in the newly formed alloy is?

Question 28
If the ratio of the ages of two friends A and B is in the ratio 3: 5 and that of B
and C is 3: 5 and the sum of their ages is 147, then how old is B?

Question 29
The concentration of petrol in three different mixtures (petrol and
kerosene) is 1/2, 3/5 and 4/5 respectively. If 2 litres, 3 litres and 1 litre are
taken from these three different vessels and mixed. What is the ratio of
petrol and kerosene in the new mixture?

Question 30
The wages of labourers in a factory increases in the ratio 22:25 and there
was a reduction in the number of labourers in the ratio 15:11. Find the
original wage bill if the present bill is Rs. 5000?

Question 31
Vinod have 20 rupees. He bought 1, 2, 5 rupee stamps. They are different in
numbers by the reason of no change; the shop keeper gives 3 one rupee
stamps. So how many stamps Vinod have?

Question 32
A and B invests Rs.8000 and Rs.9000 in a business. After 4 months, A
withdraws half of his capital and 2 months later, B withdraws one-third of
his capital. In what ratio should they share the profits at the end of the
year?

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Question 33
The incomes of two persons A and B are in the ratio 3: 4. If each saves
Rs.100 per month, the ratio of their expenditures is Rs. 1: 2. Find their
incomes.

Question 34
Three cats are roaming in a zoo in such a way that when cat A takes 5 steps,
B takes 6 steps and C takes 7 steps. But the 6 steps of A are equal to the 7
steps of B and 8 steps of C. what is the ratio of their speeds?

Question 35
In a competitive exam, the number of passed students was four times the
number of failed students. If there had been 35 fewer appeared students
and 9 more had failed, the ratio of passed and failed students would have
been 2: 1, then the total number of students appeared for the exam?

Question 36
In Maa Yatri Temple every devotee offers fruits to the orphans. Thus every
orphan receives bananas, oranges and grapes in the ratio of 3:2:7 in terms
of dozens. But the weight of a grape is 24 gm and weight of a banana and an
orange are in the ratio of 4:5, while the weight of an orange is 150gm. Find
the ratio of all the three fruits in terms of weight, that an orphan gets

Question 37
In a class of 39 students the ratio of boys and girls is 2: 1. Radhika ranks
15th among all the students from top and 8th among girls from bottom.
How many boys are there below Radhika?

Question 38
The ratio of students in a coaching preparing for B. tech and MBA is 4: 5.
The ratio of fees collected from each of B. tech and MBA students is 25: 16.
If the total amount collected from all the students is 1.62 lakh, what is the
total amount collected from only MBA aspirants?

Question 39
Two solutions have milk & water in the ratio 7:5 and 6:11. Find the
proportion in which these two solutions should be mixed so that the
resulting solution has 1 part milk and 2 parts waters?

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Question 40
The ratio of the angles of a triangle is 3: 4: 5. The three angles of a
quadrilateral is equal to three angles of this triangle. What is the sum of the
largest angle and second smallest angle of the quadrilateral?

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Past Examination Questions

MAY - 2018
Question 1
If p: q is the sub – duplicated ratio of p-x2: q-x2, then x2is:
𝑝 𝑞
(a) (b)
𝑝+𝑞 𝑝+𝑞
𝑝𝑞
(c) (d) None
𝑝+𝑞
Answer: C
Explanation:
Sub duplicate ratio of (p-x2 ) : (q-x2 ) = √𝑝 − x 2 : √𝑞 − 𝑥 2
p:q = √𝑝 − x 2 : √𝑞 − 𝑥 2
𝑝 𝑝 − 𝑥2
= √
𝑞 𝑞 − 𝑥2
An squaring both side
𝑝2 𝑝 − 𝑥2
=
𝑞2 𝑞 − 𝑥2
P2(q-x2) = q2 (p-x2)
P2q – q2p = p2x2 – q2x2
𝑝𝑞(𝑝−𝑞)
X2 = (𝑝+𝑞)(𝑝−𝑞)

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𝑝𝑞
X2 =
(𝑝+𝑞)

Question 2
The value of the expression:
𝒃 𝒄 𝒅 𝒕
𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂.𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃.𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒄 .𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒅
(a) t (b) abcdt
(c) (a+b+c+d+t) (d) None

Answer: A
Explanation:
𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑡
𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 .𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 .𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 .𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑑
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑑
a . . .
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑡
a
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎
a 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑡
=t

Question3
The mean proportional between 24and 54 is:
(a) 33 (b) 34
(c) 35 (d) 36
Answer: D
Explanation:
b2 = ac
b2 = 24 × 54
b = √1296
b = 36

Question 4
2𝑛 + 2𝑛 − 1
2𝑛+1 − 2𝑛
1 3
(a) (b)
2 2
2 1
(c) (d)
3 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
2𝑛 +2𝑛−1 2𝑛 +2𝑛 .2−1
2𝑛+1 −2 𝑛 = 2𝑛 .2+1 −2𝑛

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2𝑛 + (1 + 2−1 )
2𝑛 . (2 − 1)
1
(1 + )
2
1
3
2
1
3
=
2

NOV - 2018
Question 5
𝟑𝑿−𝟐 𝟐
is the duplicate ratio of then find the value of x:
𝟓𝑿++𝟔 𝟑
(a) 2 (b) 6
(c) 5 (d) 9
Answer: B
Explanation:
3𝑋−2 2
is the duplicate ratio of
5𝑋+6 3
3𝑋−2 22
i.e., =
5𝑋+6 32
3𝑋−2 4
=
5𝑋+6 9
27x-18 = 20x+24
27x-20x = 24+18
7x = 42
X=6

Question 6
𝒙+𝒚+𝒛
If x: y: z = 7:4:11 then is:
𝒛
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 3 (d) 5
Answer: A
Explanation:
If x: y: z = 7:4:11
Let x=7k, y=4k, z=11k
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 7𝑘+4𝑘+11𝑘 22𝑘
= = =2
𝑧 11𝑘 11𝑘

Question 7
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log2 log2log216 =?
(a) 0 (b) 3
(c) 1 (d) 2
Answer: C
Explanation:
.log2 log2log216
24
Log2log2(𝑙𝑜𝑔 )
2
4 2
Log2log log
2 2
4
Log2log
2
2 2
log log
2 2
1*1
1

MAY - 2019
Question 1
If the ratio of two numbers is 7: 11. If 7 is added to each number, then the
new ratio will be 2: 3 then the number are.
(a) 49, 77 (b) 42, 45
(c) 43, 42 (d) 39, 40
Answer: A
Explanation:
7𝑥+7 2
=
11𝑥+7 3
3(7x+7) = 2(11x+7)
21x+21 = 22x+14
21-14 = 22x-21x
X=7
7x = 7 × 7 = 49
11x = 11× 7= 77

Question 2
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐√𝟐 (𝟓𝟏𝟐): 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑√𝟐 𝟑𝟐𝟒=
(a) 128 : 81 (b) 2: 3
(c ) 3 : 2 (d) None
Answer: C
Explanation:

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log 2 (512)
= √2
log 3 324
√2
log 512
2
𝑙𝑜𝑔 √2
= log 324
3
log √2
2.7106
= 0.4514
2.5116
0.6275
6 3
=
4 2

Question 3
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
If 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐𝒙 then
1 1 1 1 2 1
(a) 2 + 2 = 2 (b) + =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
(c)
2
+
1
=
1
(d) None
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2

Answer: C
Explanation:
2𝑥 2 = k
log2𝑥 2 = log k
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑘 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑘 log 𝑘
x2 = , 𝑦2 = , 𝑧2 =
log 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 log 12
2 1 1
+ =
𝑥 2 𝑦2 𝑧2

Question 4
𝟏 𝟏
Then value of 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 [𝟏 + ]+…………. + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒔 [𝟏 + ] =
𝟓 𝟔𝟐𝟒
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 5 (d) 0
Answer: B
Explanation:
6 7 8 625
𝑙𝑜𝑔5 5 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 6 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 7 ………𝑙𝑜𝑔5 624
log 5a + log 5b + log 5c = logs (a.b.c.d)
6 7 8 625
⇒ log5 = ( × × × )
5 6 7 624
625
⇒ log5( ) = 125
5
⇒ log5 (125)
⇒ log5 53
⇒3

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Question 5
If 𝟒𝒙𝟑 +𝟖𝒙𝟐 -x-2 = 0 then value of 2x – 3
(a) -4,2,-7 (b) -4,-2,-7
(c) 4,2,7 1 1
(d) , , −2
2 2
Answer: B
Explanation:
4x3+8x2-x-2 = 0
4x2 (x+2) – 1 (x+2) = 0
(x+2) (4x2 – 1) = 0
x = -2, ½, -1/2
Then the value of 2x + 3 at x = -2
2 × (-2) +3 = -4+3= -1
at x = ½
2 × (-1/2) +3-1+3=2

NOV - 2019
Question 1
The ratio of two numbers are 3:4. The difference of their squares is 28
Greater no is:
(a) 8 (b) 12
(c) 24 (d) 64
Answer: A
Explanation:
Let the two numbers bee x and y
Greater no. y
Smaller no x
According to questions,
𝑥 3
= …….Eq1 and y2 – x2 = 28 ----Eq2
𝑦 4
Further solving Eq 1
3
X = y ------Eq3
4
Put Eq 3 in Eq 2
3 2
Y2 - ( 𝑦) = 28
4
𝑦2 9𝑦2
- = 28
1 16

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7𝑦 2
= 28
16
28×16
Y2 =
7
Y2 = 64
=> y = 8 (square root both sides)
So, the greater number i.e. y is equal to 8.

Question 2
The price of scooter and moped are in the ratio 7:9. The price on moped is
Rs. 1,600 more than that of scooter. Then the price of moped is:
(a) 7,200 (b) 5, 600
(c) 800 (d) 3700
Answer: A
Explanation:
price of scooter 7
=
price of moped 9
Let; the price of scooter = 7x and price of moped = 9x
According to question
9x = 7x + 1600
2x = 1600
X = Rs800
So; the price of moped = 9x = 9 (800) = Rs. 7200

Question 3
log0.01 10, 000 =?
(a) 2 (b) -2
(c) 4 (d) -4
Answer: B
Explanation:
log0.01
1
= log ( )
100
1
= log ( )
102
1
= log 10-2 → use property x-n= n
x
= -2 log 10 → use property logb xn = nlogb x
= -2 (1) → log 10 = 1
= -2

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Question 4
𝟏
𝟏 √𝟑.𝟑𝒏 𝟒
Value of [𝟗 𝒏𝟒
]
𝟑.√𝟑𝒏
(a) 9 (b) 27
(c) 81 (d) 3
Answer: B
Explanation:
1
1 √3.3 𝑛 4
= [9 𝑛4
]
3.√3𝑛
1
4n+1 n
(32 ) 4 √3n+1
=[ ]
3.√3−n

am
Since = am−n
an
1
4n+1 1 n
3 2 (3n+1 )2
⇒[ . 1 ]
3
(3−n )2
1
4n+1 n+1 (−n) n
−1 −
⇒ [(3) 2 × (3) 2 2 ]
1
4n−1 2n+1 n
⇒ [3 × (3)
2 ] 2

Since am× an a m+n

1
4n−1 2𝑛+1 n
+
⇒ [3 2 2 ]
1
6𝑛 𝑛
⇒[(3) ] 2
1
⇒ [33𝑛 ]𝑛
⇒(3)3
⇒ 27

DEC - 2020
Question 1
Find the value of ‘a’ from the following
−𝟓 −𝟕 −𝒂
(√𝟗) X (√𝟑) = (√𝟑)
(a) 13 (b) 11
(c) 15 (d) 17

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Answer: D
Explanation:
−5 −7 −𝑎
(√9) X (√3) = (√3)
−5 −7 −𝑎
(√32 ) X (√3) = (√3)
−10 −7 −𝑎
(√3) X (√3) = (√3)
−10+(−7) −𝑎
(√3) = (√3)
= -a = - 17
= a = 17

Question 2
𝟏
If 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 (√𝟑) = find the value of ‘a’
𝟔
(a) 81 (b) 9
(c) 27 (d) 3
Answer: C
Explanation:
1
log 27 √3 =
6
1
⇒ 𝑎6 = √3
1 6
⇒ 𝑎 = (3 ) 2

⇒ a = 33
⇒ a = 27

Question 3
Log 9 + log 5 is expressed as ___
(a) log (9/5) (b) log 4
(c) log (5/9) (d) log 45
Answer: D
Explanation:
log 9 + log 5 = log 9×5
log = 45.

Question 4
The ratio of no. of boys and the no. of girls in a school is found to be 15: 32.
How many boys and equal no. of girls should be added to bring the ratio to
2/3?
(a) 20 (b) 19
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(c) 23 (d) 27
Answer: B
Explanation:
By option
15𝑥 + 19 2
=
32𝑥 + 19 3
45x+ 57 = 64x+38
19x= 19
x= 1

Question 5
𝒂 𝒃
If a: b = 9:4 then √ + √ =?
𝒃 𝒂
(a) 2/3 (b) 3/2
(c) 6/13 (d) 13/6
Answer: D
Explanation:
𝑎 9
a: b = 9:4 =
𝑏 4
3 2 9 + 4 13
+ = =
2 3 6 6

Question 6
If a: b = 3: 7 then 3a + 2b: 4a + 5b =?
(a) 27 : 43 (b) 23 : 47
(c) 24 : 51 (d) 29 : 53
Answer: B
Explanation:
𝑎 3
=
𝑏 7
Let a = 3x and b = 7x
∴ 3a + 2b = 3 × 3x + 2 × 7x = 23x
4a + 5b = 4 × 3x + 5 × 7x = 47x
3a+2b 23x
∴ = = 23: 47
4a+5b 47x

JAN - 2021
Question 1

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𝟑𝒕−𝟏
Find the value of
𝒕−𝟏/𝟑
3 3
(a) (b)
𝑡 2/3 𝑡 32
3 3
(c) 1/3 (d)
𝑡 𝑡2
Answer: A

Question 2
If 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 (𝒂𝒃) = x, then 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃 (𝒂𝒃) is
1 𝑥
(a) (b)
𝑥 1+𝑥
𝑥
(c) (d) None of these
𝑥−1
Answer: C
Explanation:
We have,
Loga (ab)=x
logaa+logab=x [logamn=logam+logan]
1+logab=x [logaa=1]
logab=x−1 ......(1)
Since,
=logb (ab)
=logba + logbb
=logb a+1
1 1 1 1+𝑥−1
= +1[ = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑚 𝑛] +1
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎 𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑛 𝑚 𝑥−1 𝑥−1
𝑥
=
𝑥−1

Question 3
In a certain business, A and B received Profit in a certain ratio; B and C
received profits in the same ratio. If A gets Rs. 1,600 and C gets Rs. 2,500,
then how much does B get?
(a) Rs. 2,000 (b) Rs. 2,500
(c) Rs. 1,000 (d) Rs. 1,500
Answer: A
Explanation:
let the ratio of profit of A and B is a:b
∴Ratio of profit of B and C = a:b
A:B B:C
a×a:b×a a×b: b×b

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Note: Value of B would be same in both cases

A: B: C
a2 : ab : b2
According to the question,
a2 = 1,600
a= 40
Similarly
b2 = 2,500
b = 50
Amount received by B = ab = 40×50 = 2000

Question 4
The ratio of two quantities is 15:17. If the consequent of its inverse ratio is
15, then the antecedent is.
(a) 15 (b) √15
(c) 17 (d) 14
Answer: C
Explanation:
If consequent is 15
i.e., 15 so 17 will be answer
It’s just a inverse

Question 5
The salaries of A, B and C are in the ratio 2:3:5. If increments of 15%, 10%
and 20% are allowed respectively to their salaries, then what will be the
new ratio of their salaries?
(a) 3 : 3 : 10 (b) 10 : 11 : 20
(c) 23 : 33 : 60 (d) Cannot be determined
Answer: C
Explanation:
Let A=2k, B=3k and C=5k.
A's new salary
115
𝑜𝑓 2𝑘
100
115 23
( × 2𝑘)=
100 10
B's new salary
110
𝑜𝑓 3𝑘
100

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110 33
( × 3𝑘)=
100 10
C's new salary
120
𝑜𝑓 5𝑘
100
120
( × 5𝑘)= 6k
100
∴ 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
23𝑘 33𝑘
= : : 6𝑘
10 10
= 23:33:60

July – 2021
Question 1
𝐱+𝐲 𝐙+𝐲 𝐱+𝐳
If xy + yz + zx = -1, the value of ( + + ) is
𝟏+𝐱𝐲 𝟏+𝐳𝐲 𝟏+𝐳𝐱
(a) xyz (b)
−1
yz
1 1
(c) (d)
xyz x+y+z
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
Xy + yz + zx = 1
Z(x + y) = 1 – xy
𝑥+𝑦 1
= -> Equation (1)
1−𝑥𝑦 𝑧

y+z 1
= -> Equation (2)
1−yz z

x+y y+z z+x

→ + +
1−xy 1−yz 1−zx

1 1 1
= + +
𝑧 𝑥 𝑦

𝑥𝑦+𝑦𝑧+𝑧𝑥
=
𝑥𝑦𝑧
1
=
𝑥𝑦𝑧

Question 2
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If log4 x+log16 x+ log64 x +log256 x = 25/6 then the value of x is

(a) 64 (b) 4
(c) 16 (d) 2
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
25
log 4 𝑥 + log16 𝑥 + log 64 𝑥 + log 256 𝑥 =
6

1 1 1 1 25
→ + + + =
log𝑥 4 2 log𝑥 4 3 log𝑥 4 4 log𝑥 4 6

1 1 1 1 25
➔ (1 + + + )=
log𝑥 4 2 3 4 6
12+6+4+3 25
➔ log 4 𝑥 ( )= ]
12 6
25 25
➔ log 4 𝑥 ( ) =
12 6
Inverse the fraction both side
25 12
➔ log 4 𝑥 =
25 6
➔ Log x = (4) 2

➔ x = 16

Question 3
The salaries of A, B and C are of ratio 2:3:5. If the increments of 15%, 10%
and 20% are done their respective salaries, then find the new ratio of the
salaries.
(a) 23:33:60 (b) 33:23:60
(c) 23:60:33 (d) 33:60:23
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation:
Let the constant be x
Then, Salaries of A, B, C are 2x, 3x, 5x respectively.
Increments in Salary of A = 15%
15 230𝑥
Therefore A’s new salary = Rs. (2x + × 2𝑥 ) = Rs.
100 100
Increment in B’s new salary = Rs. 10%
10 330𝑥
Therefore, B’s new salary = Rs. (3x + × 3𝑥) = Rs.
100 100
Increment in C’s salary = 20%
20
Therefore C’s new salary = Rs. (5x + × 5𝑥 ) = Rs. 6x
100
Therefore our ratio is 23: 33: 60

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Question 4
If A : B = 5 : , B : C = 6 : 7 and C : A = 14: 9 then the value of A : B: C: D:
(a) 20: 14: 12: 9 (b) 20: 9: 12: 14
(c) 20: 9: 14: 12 (d) 20: 12: 14: 9
Answer: Option (d)
Explanation:
If A: B = 5: 3
B: C = 6: 7
6 7
= :
6 6
7
= 1:
6
7
= 1 × 3: ×3
6
7
= 3:
6
C: D = 14: 9
14 9
= ∶
14 14
9
= 1:
14
7 9 7
=1× : ×
2 14 2
7 9
= ∶
2 4
7 9
A: B: C: D = 5 : 3: :
2 4
7 9
= 4 × 5: 4 × 3: 4 × ∶ 4 ×
2 4
= 20: 12: 14: 9

Question 5
A Vessel contained a solution of acid and water in which water was 64%
Four litres of the solution were taken out of the vessel and the same
quantity of water added f the resulting solution contains 30% acid the
quantity (in liters) of the solution in the beginning in the vessel was
(a) 12 (b) 36
(c) 24 (d) 2
Answer: Option (c)
Explanation:
24 liter

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CHAPTER - 2
UNIT I: EQUATIONS

Equation is defined to be a mathematical statement

Equation of equality. If the equality is true for certain value of
the variable involved, the equation is often called a
conditional equation and equality sign ‘=’ is used;
while if the equality is true for all values of the
variable involved, the equation is called an identity.

TYPES OF EQUATION Simultaneous Linear Equations: Two or more

linear equations involving two or more variables.
Quadratic equation: An equation of degree 2
(highest Power of the variable is 2)
Cubic Equation: The equation of degree 3

A simple equation in one unknown x is in the form

SIMPLEEQUATION ax + b = 0. Where a, b is known constants and a¹ 0

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SIMULTANEOUSLINEAREQU The general form of a linear equations in two

ATIONS IN TWOUN unknowns’ x and y is ax + by + c = 0where
KNOWNS a, b are non-zero coefficients and c is a constant.
Two such equations a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2 x +
b2 y + c2 = 0 form a pair of simultaneous equations
in x and y. A value for each unknown which satisfies
simultaneously both the equations will give the
roots of the equations.

Elimination Method In this method two given linear equations are

reduced to a linear equation in one unknown by
eliminating one of the unknowns and then solving
for the other unknown.

Cross Multiplication Method Let two equations be:

a1x + b1y + c1 =0

a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
b1 c2 − b2 c
x=
a1 b2 − a2 b1
c1 a2 − c2 a1
x=
a1 b2 − a2 b

An equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 where x is a

variable and a, b, c are constants with a¹ ≠0 is called
QUADRATIC EQUATION a quadratic equation or equation of the second
degree.
When b=0 the equation is called a pure quadratic
equation; when b = 0 the equation is called an
affected quadratic.
The roots of a quadratic equation:

−b ± √b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a

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CONSTRUCT A QUADRATIC
EQUATION x2 – (Sum of the roots) x + Product of the roots = 0

Question1
If one root of a equation is 2+√𝟓, then the quadratic equation is :
(a) x2 + 4x -1 = 0 (b) x2 – 4x -1 = 0
(c) x2 + 4x +1= 0 (d) x2 + 4x +1 = 0
Answer: b
Explanation:
One root of the equation is 2 +√5. So, the next root will be 2 - √5
x = 2 + √5 and x = 2 - √5
 (x – (2 +√5)) (x – (2 - √5)) = 0
(𝑥 2 + (4 − 5) − 2𝑥 − √5𝑥 − 2𝑥 + √5𝑥) = 0
 𝑥 2 - 4x - 1 = 0 is the required quadratic equation.

Question2
The equation of a line which is perpendicular to 5x – 2y = 7 and
passes through the mid – point of line joining (2, 7) and (-4, 1) is:
(a) 2x – 5y -18 = 0 (b) 2x + 5y +18 = 0
(c) 2x + 5y- 18 = 0 (d) None of these
Answer: c
Explanation:
First let us find out the coordinates of the midpoint of the line joining
(2, 7) and (-4, 1) using midpoint formula and let this point be P.
P(x, y) = [(x1+x2)/2, (y1+y2)/2]
=> P (x, y) = [ (2-4)/2, (7+1)/2 ]
=> P(x, y) = (-1, 4)
as we have coordinates of P, to form an equation, we need to get the
slope of this line.

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Since the line passing through P is perpendicular to the line 5x-2y=7,
we can find the required slope by using the formula M1×M2 = -1,
where M1 is the slope of the given line and M2 is the slope of the line
we are supposed to form an equation for.
to find M1 , let us rewrite the given equation in y = M1X + C form.
5x - 2y = 7
=> - 2y = -5x + 7
=> y = -5x/-2 + 7/(-2)
=> y = 5/2 x - 7/2
On comparing this equation with y = M1X + c
We get M1 = 5/2
Now using the equation M1*M2 = -1, we get
5/2 × M2 = -1
Therefore M2 = -2/5
Now as we know M2 and coordinates of P (-1,4) can use slope point
form to get the equation
=> (y - y1) = M2(x - x1)
=> y - 4 = -2/5(x - (-1) )
=> y - 4 = -2/5(x + 1)
=> 5(y - 4) = -2 (x + 1) [by cross multiplication]
=> 5y - 20 = -2x -2
=> 2x + 5y - 18 = 0 is the answer

Question3
Find the positive value of k for which the equations: x2 + kx +64 =
0 and x2–8x + k = 0 will have real roots:
(a) 12 (b) 16
(c) 18 (d) 22

Answer: b
Explanation:
For real roots, discriminant = b2 – 4ac = 0
For x2 + kx + 64 = 0
= k2 – 4 ×1×64 = 0
= k2 – 256::: = 0
= k2 ::: 256
= k :: 16
For x2-8x+k = 0
= (-8)2 – 4 ×1×k = 0
= 64-4k = 0

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= 4k = 64
= k = 16
Hence, k = 16

Question4
A man starts his job with a certain monthly salary and earns a
fixed increment every year. If his salary was f 1,500 after 4 years
of service and 1,800 after 10 years of service, what was his
starting salary and what is the annual increment in rupees?
(a) 1300, 50 (b) 1100,50
(c) 1500, 30 (d) None
Answer: a
Solution:
Let the starting salary be x and the annual increment be y. Then, x+4y
= 1500
X + 10y = 1800
Subtracting (1) and (2)
X + 10y = 1800
X + 4y = 1500
6y = 300
Y = 50
Subtracting y = 50 in (1), we get x = 1,300
Therefore, starting salary = x = 1,300
Annual increment = y = 50.

Question5
The value of k for which the points (k, 1), (5,5) and (10,7 ) may be
collinear is:
(a) k = -5 (b) k = 7
(c) k = 9 (d) k = 1
Answer: a
Solution:
The given points are collinear
5 5 1
 | k 1 1| = 0
10 7 1
5 5 1
 |k − 5 −4 0| = 0 [ R2 -> R2 – R1 and R3 -> R3 – R1]
5 2 0
 1. [2(k − 5) + 20] = 0
 2k + 10 = 0
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 K = -5
Hence, k = -5

Question6
A man went to the Reserve Bank of India with – 1,000. He asked
the cashier to give him Rs. 5 and 10 notes only in return. The man
got 175 notes in all. Find how many notes of 5 and f 10 did he
receive?
(a) (2, 150) (b) (40, 110)
(c) (150,25 ) (d) None
Answer: c
Solution:
Let the number of notes of, 5 be x and notes of 10 be y.
Then x + y = 175
5x +10 y = 1000
Solving (1) and (2) simultaneously, we get
5x +5y = 875
5x +10y =1000
(−) (−) (−)
- 5y = -125
Y = 25 X = 150

Question7
If (2+y’3) is a root of a quadratic x2 + px +q = 0, then find the
value of p and q.
(a) (4,-1) (b) (4,1)
(c) (-4,1) (d) (2,3)
Answer: c
Solution:
If one of the roots of the quadratic is 2+√3, then other root is 2 - √3
Sum of roots = (2 + √3) + (2 - √3) = 4
Product of roots = (2 + √3) (2 - √3) = 4-3 = 1
Required equation is:
X2 – (sum of roots) x + product of roots = 0
Or x2 -4x + 1 = 0
Now comparing with x2 + px + q = 0
We get, p = -4 and q = 1
Required answer is (-4.1)

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Question 8
The length of the rectangle is 5 cm more than its breadth if the
perimeter of the rectangle is 40 cm find the area of rectangle
(a) 7.5 cm, 2.5 cm (b) 10 cm, 5cm
(c) 12.5 cm, 7.5 cm (d) 15.5 cm, 10.5cm
Answer: c
Solution:
Let the breadth of the rectangle be x cm.
Length = x + 5 cm
Perimeter = 2 (l + b) =
2 (x + 5 + x) = 4x+10 cm
4x+10 = 40
4x = 30
X = 30/4 = 7.5
So breadth = 7.5 cm; length = 12.5 cm
Area = l × b = 12.5 × 7.5 = 93.75
So area = 93.75cm2

Question9
A straight line of x = 15 is
(a) Parallel to y axis (b) Parallel to x axis
(c) A diagonal line (d) Passes through origin
Answer: a
Solution:
A straight line x = 15 is parallel to y axis.
The equation clearly depicts that the line passes through the point P
(15, 0).

Question10
The point of intersection of the lines 2x – 5y = 6 and x + y = 3
(a) (0,3) (b) (3 , 0)
(c) (3,3 ) (d) (0, 0 )
Answer: b
Solution:
2x – 5y = 6 ----- (1)
X + y = 3 ……. (2)
Multiplying eq. (2) by 5 for make be co – efficients of eq. (1) and eq.
(2) same, we get:-
5x + 5y =, 15 ………… (3)
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Adding eq. (1) and eq. (3)
2𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 6
5𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 15
7𝑥 = 21
21
X=
7
X=3
Substituting the value of x in eq (1)
2x – 5y = 6
2 × 3- 5y = 6
6 – 5y = 6
5y = 6 – 6
Y=0
Point of intersection is (3, 0).

Question11
Find the equation of the line passing through the point (1, 1) and
parallel to the line 3x +5y+17=0
(a) 3 x +5y +8 = 0 (b) 5 x + 3y +8 =0
(c) 5 x +3y – 8= 0 (d) 3 x +5y – 8=0
Answer: d
Solution:
Let the equation be 3x +5y + k =o. This equation passes through the
point 1(1, 1). Therefore, substituting (1, 1). Therefore, substituting (1,
1) in the equation, we get : 3x + 5y + k = 0
3×1+5×1+k=0
3+5+k=0.
K = -8
So, the equation of the straight line is 3x + 5y -8 = 0.

Question12
If one root of the equation x2-3x+k=0 is 2, then value of k will be:
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) 10
Answer: c
Solution:
X2 - 3x + k =0
One root = 2
Putting x = 2, we get
(2)2 - 3(2) + k = 04 – 6 +k = 0

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K=2

Question13
If |𝒙 − 𝟐|+|𝒙 − 𝟑| = 7 then, ‘x’ will be equal to
(a) 6 (b) -1
(c) 6 and -1 (d) none
Answer: a
Solution:
If |𝑥 − 2| + |x – 3| = 7
If x – 2 0 and x – 3 0
(x – 2) + (x -3)’ = 7
X–2+x–3=7
2x = 7 + 2 + 3
2x = 12 => x = 6

Question14
If thrice of A’s age 6 years ago be subtracted from twice his
present age, the result would be equal to his present ages. Find
A’s present age.
(a) 9 (b) 10
(c) 11 (d) 12
Answer: a
Solution:
Let x years be A’s present age by the question
2x-3(x-6) = x
Or 2x – 3x+ 18 = x
Or –x + 18 = x
Or 2x = 18
Or x = 9
A’s present age is 9 years.

Question15
A number consist of two digits the digit in the ten’s place is twice
the digit in the unit’s place. If 18 be subtracted from the number,
the digits are reversed. Find the number.
(a) 40 (b) 42
(c) 39 (d) 21
Answer: b
Solution:

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Let x be the digit in the unit’s place .so the digit in the ten’s Place is 2x.
Thus the number becomes 10(2x) + x. By the question
20x + x – 18 = 10x + 2x
Or 21x – 18 = 12x
Or 9x = 18
Or x = 2
So the required number is 10 (2 × 2) + 2 = 42

Question16
For a certain commodity the demand ‘d’ in kg, for a price ‘p’ in
rupees per kg, is d = 100(10 – p ). The supply equation giving the
supply s in kg. for a price p in rupees per kg . is s 75(p - 3). The
market price is such at which demand equals supply. Find the
market price and quantity that will be bought and sold.
(a) 230 (b) 300
(c) 600 (d) 390
Answer: b
Solution:
Given d = 100(10 – p) and s = 75 (p – 3)
Since the market price is such that demand (d) = supply
(s)
We have 100(10 –p) and s = 75 (p – 3)
Or 1000 – 100p = 75p – 225
1000 + 225 = 75p + 100p
1225 = 175p
P=7
So, market price of the commodity is 7 per kg.
The required quantity bought = 100 (10-7) = 300 kg.
And the quantity sold = 75(7-3) = 300 kg.

Question17
The denominator of a fraction exceeds the numerator by 5 and if
𝟑
3 be added to both the fraction becomes , find the fraction.
𝟒
11 12
(a) (b)
17 17
13 14
(c) (d)
17 18
Answer: b
Solution:
𝑥
Let x be the numerator and the fraction be
𝑥+5

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𝑥+3 3
By the question = or
𝑥+5+3 4
4x + 12 = 3x +24 or x = 12
12
The required fraction is
17

Question18
Solve 2x +5 y = 9 and 3x – y = 5.
(a) x = 2 , y = 1 (b) x = 2 , y = 2
(c) x = 1, y = 1 (d) x = 2, y = 0.
Answer: a
Solution:
2x + 5y = 9 …… (i)
3x – y = 5 …… (ii)
By making (i) ×1, 2x+5y = 9
and by making (ii) × 5, 15x – 5y = 25
Adding 17x = 34 or x = 2. Subtracting this values of x in (i) i.e. 5y = 9 -
2x we find:
5y = 9 – 4 = 5
Y=1
X = 2, y = 1

Question19
The age of a man three times the sum of the ages of his two sons
and 5 years hence his age will be double the sum of their ages.
Find the present age of the man?
(a) 40 years (b) 41years
(c) 55 years (d) 45 years
Answer: d
Solution:
Let x years be the present age of the man and sum of the present ages
of the two sons be y years.
By the condition x = 3y ……. (i)
And x+5 = 2 (y+5+5) ……… (ii)
From (i) & (ii) 3y+5 = 2 (y+10)
Or 3y +5 = 2y + 20
Or 3y – 2y = 20 – 5
Or y = 15
X = 3 × y = 3 × 15 =
45
Hence the present age of the main is 45 years
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Question20
Examine the nature of the roots of the following equations x2 – 8x
+16 = 0
(a) roots are real and equal (b) roots are real, rational and
unequal
(c) roots are imaginary and (d) roots are real irrational and
unequal unequal
Answer: a
Solution:
a = 1, b = -8, c = 16
b2 – 4ac = (-8)2 – 4.1.16 = 64 – 64 = 0
The roots are real and equal.

Question21
Two times a number, decreased by 12 equals three times the
number, decreased by 15. Which is the number?
(a) 3 (b) -62
(b) -64 (d) 6
Answer: a
Solution:
Let us denote the number with n. We rewrite the problem as 2n-
12=3n-15. We subtract 2n from both sides and get -12=n-15. Then we
add 15 to both sides in order to get n=3.

Question22
The roots of a quadratic equation:
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
(a) (b)
2𝑎 2𝑎
(c) Either a or b (d) None
Answer: a
Solution:
The nature of the roots α and β of equation ax2+bc +c = 0 depends on
the quantity or expression (b2 – 4ac) under the square root sign
……Hence the expression ( b2 – 4ac ) is Called the discriminant of the
−b±√b2 −4ac
quadratic equation
2a

Question23
Which of the following is correct?
I. If b2-4ac = 0 the roots are real and equal;
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II. If b2-4ac > 0 then the roots are imaginary;
III. If b2-4ac <0 then the roots are equal;
IV. If b2-4ac is a perfect square (0) the roots are real, rational and
unequal
V. If b2-4ac>0 but not a perfect square the roots are real, irrational
and unequal.
(a) All the correct (b) ii & iii
(c) all are correct expect ii & iii (d) i& iii & iv is correct
Answer: c
Solution:
I. If b2-4ac = 0 the roots are real and equal
II. If b2-4ac >0 then the roots are real and unequal ( or distinct );
III. If b2-4ac <0 then the roots are imaginary;
IV. If b2-4ac is a perfect square (0) the roots are real, rational and
unequal (distinct);
v. If b2-4ac >0 but not a perfect square the roots are real, irrational and
unequal
Since b2-4ac discriminates the roots b2-4ac is called the discriminant
in the equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 as it actually discriminates between
the roots.

Question 24
Find the roots of the quadratic equation: x2 + 2x – 15 = 0?
(a) 5, 3 (b) 3,-5
(c) -3 ,5 (d) -3, -5
Answer: b
Solution:
X2 + 5x – 3x – 15 = 0
X(x +5) – 3(x +5) = 0
(x – 3) (x + 5) = 0
= > x = 3 or x = -5.

Question 25
The sum of the squares of two consecutive positive integers
exceeds their product by 91. Find the integers?
(a) 9, 10 (b) 10, 11
(c) 11, 12 (d) 12, 13
Answer: a
Solution:
Let the two consecutive positive integers be x and x + 1
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X2 + (x + 1)2 – x (x +1) = 91
X2 + x – 90 = 0
(x +10) (x – 9) = 0 => x = -10 or 9.
As x is positive x = 9
Hence the two consecutive positive integers are 9 and 10.

Question: 26
A number is equal to 4 times this number less 75. What is the
number?
(a) 15 (b) 35
(c) 25 (d) 20
Answer: c
Solution:
Let us denote the number with n. The problem can be rewritten as
n=4n-75. By subtracting n from both sides, we get 3n-75=0 Now we
divide both sides by 3 to get n-25=0, or n=25.

Question: 27
If √𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 + √𝟕 + 𝟐𝒙 = 4, then find the positive value of x?
(a) -3, 1 (b) 3, -1
(c) 3, -2 (d) 3,2
Answer: a
Solution:
Given, √𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 + √𝟕 + 𝟐𝒙 = 4
Or, √𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 = 4 - √𝟕 + 𝟐𝒙
Squaring on both sides, we get
(√𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 )𝟐 = (4 - √𝟕 + 𝟐𝒙)2
➔ 3 – 2x = 16 + 7 + 2x - 8√𝟕 + 𝟐𝒙
➔ 4x + 20 = 8√𝟕 + 𝟐𝒙
➔ X + 5 = 2√𝟕 + 𝟐𝒙
Again squaring on both sides, we get
(𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐 = (2√𝟕 + 𝟐𝒙)2
➔ x2 + 10x + 25 = 4(7 + 2x)
➔ x2 + 10x + 25 = 28 + 8x
➔ x2 + 2x – 3 = 0
➔ x2 + 3x – x – 3 = 0
➔ (x + 3) (x – 1) = 0
➔ X = -3 or x = 1
Possible value of x = 1, -3

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Hence, A is the correct option.

Question: 28
I. a2 + 11a +30 = 0
II.b2+6b +5 = 0 to solve both the equations to find the values of a
and b?
(a) If a < b (b) If a< b
(c) If the relationship between a (d) If a > b
and b cannot be established
Answer: b
Solution:
(i) (a+6) (a+5) = 0
a = -6, -5
(ii) (b+5)(b+1) = 0
b = -5, -1 => a <b

Question29
A number is equal to 7 times itself minus 18. Which is the
number?
(a) -3 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) -2
Answer: b
Solution:
The statement is equivalent to the following equation:
X=7x-18x
18 = 7x-x
6x=18
X =3

Question30
If a and b are the roots of the equations x2 – 9x +20 = 0, find the
value of a2 + b2 + ab
(a) -21 (b) 1
(c) 61 (d) 21
Answer: c.
Solution:
a2 + b2 + ab = a2 + b2 + 2ab – ab
i.e., (a + b)2 – ab
from x2 – 9x + 20 = 0, we have

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For Enquiry – 6262969604 6262969699
a +b = 9 and ab = 20. Hence the value of required expression (9)2 – 20
= 61.

Question31
If a + b = 29, b +c = 45, a +c = 44. Find a+ b + c?
(a) -21 (b) 1
(c) 59 (d) 118
Answer: c
Solution:
(a + b) + (b +c) + (a + c ) = 29 + 45 + 44
a + b + b +c +a +c = 118
2a +2b + 2c = 118
2 (a +b +c) = 118
a + b + c = 59

Question32
A simple equation in one unknown x is in form ax + b = 0. Is true
or not?
(a) true (b) false
(c) not sure (d) partial
Answer: a
Solution:
A simple equation in one unknown x is in the form ax + b = 0. Where a,
b are known constants and a = 0

Question33
If both the roots of k (6x3 + 3) + rx + 2x2 – 1 = 0 and 6k (2x2 + 1) +
px + 4x2 – 2 = 0 are common, then 2r – p is equal to
(a) -1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) 2
Answer: b
Solution:
The two equations can be written as
x2 (6k + 2) + rx + (3k – 1) = 0 ... (1)
and x (12 k + 4) + px + (6k – 2) = 0
2 ... (2)
Divide by 2
P
 x2 (6k + 2) + x + {3k – 1) = 0 .... (3)
2
P
Comparing (1) and (3), we get r =
2
 2r – p = 0.

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Question34
If a root of the equations x2 + px + q = 0 and x2 + αx +β = 0 is
common then its value will be (where p ≠ α and q ≠ β) Condition
𝟏𝟐𝒌+𝟒 𝒑
for common roots is =
𝟔𝒌+𝟐 𝒆
q−β pβ−αβ
(a) (b)
α−p q−β
(c)
q−β
−
pβ−αβ (d) None
α−p q−β
Answer: b
Solution:
Let the common root be y. Then y2 + py + q = 0 and y2 + α y + β = 0 on
y2 y 1 q−β
solving by cross multiplication, we have = = \y =
pβ−qα q−β α−p α−p
y2 pβ−qα
and =y=
y q−β

Question35
If the two equations x2 – cx +d = 0 and x2 –ax +b = 0 have one
common root and the second has equal roots then 2 (b +d) =
(a) a + c (b) 0
(c) ac (d) -ac
Answer: c
Solution:
Given quadratic equations
x2 – cx +d = 0 ..... (1)
Let 𝛼, 𝛽 be the roots of equation (1)
x2 – ax + b = 0 ..... (2)
Let 𝛼, 𝛼 be the roots of equation (2)
2𝛼 =a
𝑎
𝛼=
2
Also, 𝛼 2 = b
Since, α is a root of (1),
𝛼 2 – c𝛼 + d = 0
𝑎𝑐
b+d=
2
2(b + d) = ac

Question 36

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If x2 – hx – 21 = 0, x2 – 3hx + 35 = 0(h >0) has a common root then,
the value of h is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Answer: d
Solution:
Subtracting we get 2hx = 56 or hx = 28 putting in any,
𝑥 2 − 3(28) + 35 = 0
𝑥 2 - 84 + 35 = 0
𝑥 2 = 49
X=7
hx = 28
h=4

Question37
If Every pair of the equations x2 + px + qr = 0, x2 + qx + rp = 0, x2 +
rx + pq = 0 have a common root. Then the sum of three common
roots is
–(𝑝+𝑞+𝑟) –(𝑝−𝑞+𝑟)
(a) (b)
2 2
(c) – (p+q+r) (d) –p+q+r
Answer: a
Solution:
Let the roots be (α, β), (β, λ) and (λ, α) respectively
α + β = -p, β + λ = -q, λ + α = -r adding all, we get ∑α = - (p + q + r) / 2
etc.

Question 38
If the equation x2 + px + q = 0 and x2 + qx + p = 0, have a common
root, then p + q +1
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) -1
Answer: a
Solution:
Let α is the common root, so α2 + pα + q = 0 …… (i) and α2 + q α + p = 0
…. (ii)
From (i) – (ii), ➔(p – q) α + (q – p) = 0 ➔ α = 1 put the value of α in (i),
p + q +1 = 0

Question: 39

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If x2 + αx + 10 = 0 and x2 + bx -10 = 0 have a common root, then, a2
– b2 is equal to
(a) 10 (b) 20
(c) 30 (d) 40
Answer: d
Solution:
Let α be a common root, then α2 + aα + 10 = 0
(i) and α2 + bα – 10 = 0
20
?... (ii) form (i) – (ii), (a – b) α + 20 = 0 ➔ α = - substituting the
𝑎−𝑏
value of a
20 2 20
(i). We get(− ) + a (− ) + 10 = 0 ➔ 400 – 20a (a-b) + 10 (a-b)2
𝑎−𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
=0
➔ 40 – 2a2 + 2ab + a2 + b2 – 2ab = 0 ➔ a2 – b2 = 40.

Question: 40
x2 – 11x + a and x2 – 14x + 2a will have a common factor, if a = 42
(a) 24 (b) 0, 24
(c ) 3 , 24 (d) 0 , 3
Answer: b
Solution:
Expression are x2 – 11x + a and x2 – 14x + 2a will have a common
factor, then
𝑥2 𝑥 1 𝑥2 1 8𝑎 𝑎
➔ = = ➔ = ➔ x2 = and x =
−22𝑎+14𝑎 𝑎−2𝑎 −14+11 −8𝑎 −3 3 3
𝑎 2 8𝑎 𝑎2 8𝑎
( ) = → = pa = 0, 24. Trick we can check by putting the values
3 3 9 3
of afrom the options.

Question: 41
If x be real, then the minimum value of x2 – 8x + 16 is.
(a) -1 (b) 0
(c) 1 (d) 2
Answer: c
Solution:
[x2 – 8x + 16] since x is real, so (x – 4 )2 is always positive and its least
value is 0 and so the minimum value of given expression is 1.

Question: 42
Solve the equations 8+2(x-4) = 16
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For Enquiry – 6262969604 6262969699
(a) -1 (b) 8
(c) 10 (d) 2
Answer: b
Solution:
First, we removed the parentheses and get 8 + 2(x – 4) = 16, or 8 + 2x
– 8 = 16, which gives us 2x=16. We divide by 2 in order to get x = 8.

Question: 43
Solve the equation: x3 +10 = 2xx3+10 = 2x. A) – 1
(a) 6 (b) 8
(c) 10 (d) 2
Answer: a
Solution:
We multiply both sides by 3 to get free of the denominator. This given
us x+3-10=3.2x, or x+30=6x by subtracting x from both sides we get
30=5x. Dividing both sides by 5 gives us the answer, x = 6.

Question: 44
2(3x – 7) + 4(3x+2) = 6(5x+9)
(a) 6 (b) -5
(c) 10 (d) 2
Answer: b
Solution:
2(3x-7) +4(3x+2) =6(5x+9)
6x – 14 + 12x +8 = 30x +54
6x + 12x – 30x = 14 – 8 + 54
-12x = 60
X = 60 ÷ (-12)
X = -5

Question45
Find the solution x to the equations x3-x4=2×3-x4=2.
(a) 69 (b) 51
(c) 0 (d) 24
Answer: d
Solution:
We first find the lowest common multiple of 4 and 3. It is 12.
Multiplying both sides by 12 gives us x3.12-x4.12=2.12×3.12-
x4.12=2.12, or 4x-3x=24, which means that x = 24.

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Question46
A number, multiplied by 5, equals itself minus 48. Which is the
number
(a) 6 (b) -5
(c) 0 (d) -12
Answer: d
Solution:
5x = x – 48
4x = -48
X = -12

Past Examination Question

2018 – MAY
Question: 1
The value of K for which the points (k, 1)., (5,5) and (10,7) may be
collinear is
(a) k =-5 (b) k=7
(c) k=9 (d) k=1
Answer: a
Solution:
Let A(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = (K, 1),
B (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (5, 5), and
< /p > < p > C (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) = (10, 7) are three collinear} points
Area of triangle ABC = 0
1
|𝑥 (𝑦 − 𝑦3 ) + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )| = 0
2 1 2
|𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 ) + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )| = 0
 |k(5 – 7) + 5(7 – 1) + 10(1 – 5)| = 0
 |-2k + 5 × 6 + 10(-4)| = 0
 |-2k + 30 – 40| = 0
 | - 2k + 10| = 0
 -2k = 10
10
 K=
−2
 K = -5
Therefore,
Value of k = -5

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Question: 2
If α +β =-2 and αβ = -3, then α, β are two roots of the equations, which is:
(a) x2 – 2x -3 = 0 (b) x2 + 2x -3 = 0
(c) x2 + 2x +3 = 0 (d) x2 – 2x +3 = 0
Answer: b
Solution:
If α + β = -2
Q.E. is
X2 – (α + β) x +α. β = 0
X2 – (-2)x + (-3) = 0
X2 + 2x -3 = 0

Question: 3
If 𝟐𝒙+𝒚 = 𝟐𝟐𝒙−𝒚=√𝟖 , then the respective values of x and y are ……….
1 1
(a) 1, (b) , 1
2 2
1 1
(c) , (d) None
2 2
Answer: a
Solution:
2𝑥+𝑦 = 22𝑥−𝑦 = √8
2𝑥+𝑦 = √8 and 22𝑥−𝑦 =√8
2𝑥+𝑦 = (23 )1/2 22𝑥−𝑦 =(23 )1/2
2𝑥+𝑦 = 23/2 22𝑥−𝑦 = 23/2
On Comparing
X+ y=3/2 ------------- (1)
Add: (1) & (2)
3
X +y = ------------- (1)
2
3
2x-y = ------------- (2)
2
3x = 3
X=1
Putting x = 1 in equation (1)
3
X+ y =
2
3
1+y=
2
1
Y=
2
1
X=1, y=
2

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Question: 4
The triangle formed by lines x+2y=3, 2x-y=1 and y=0 is
(a) Right angled (b) Equilateral
(c) Isosceles (d) None
Answer: a
Solution:
Given Equation
X+2y=3 --------------- (1)
2x-y=1 ---------------- (2)
Y=0 -------------------- (3)
Slope of line (1) is

Cofficient of x −1
m1 = =
cofficient of y 2
Slope of line (2) is
cofficient of x −2
m2 = = =2
cofficient of y −1
1
𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = − × 2
2
𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1
Both lines are 1 or to each triangle are also perpendicular.

Question: 5
𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒
If + = - 1 and - = then x, y) is:
𝒙+𝒚 𝒙−𝒚 𝒙+𝒚 𝒙−𝒚 𝟑
(a) (2, 1) (b) ( -1, 2)
(c) (1, 2) (d) None
Answer: c
Solution:
3 2 1 1 4
If + = -1 and - =
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 3
By hits and trial (1, 2) satisfied both equation so answer is (1, 2)

Question: 6
If the sides of an equilateral triangle are shortened by 3 units, 4 units and
5 units respectively and a right triangle is formed then the sides of
equilateral triangle is:
(a) 6 units (b) 7 units
(c) 8 units (d) 10units
Answer: c
Solution:
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Let the side of equilateral triangle is x
In △ABC
( hypo)2 = (Base)2 + ( per)2
(x – 3)2 = ( x – 4 )2 + ( x – 5)2
X2 + 9 – 6x = x2 + 16 – 8x + x2 + 25 – 10x
X2 – 18x + 41 + 6x – 9 = 0
X2 – 12x + 32 = 0
X2 – 8x – 4x + 32 = 0
X(x-8)-4(x-8) =0
(x - 8) (x - 4)=0
X-8=0 if x-4=0
X=8 and x=4 Impossible side of the triangle is 8

Question: 7
𝜶𝟐 𝜷𝟐
IF α, 𝜷 are the roots of equation x2 + x + 5 = 0 then + is equal to
𝜷 𝜶
(a)
16 (b) 2
5
(c) 3 (d)
14
5
Answer: d
Solution:
Given equation:
x2 + x + 5 = 0
a=1 , b=1 , c=5
if α &β are root of equation
−b −1
α + β = = = -1
a 1
c 5
αβ = = = 5
a 1
α2 β2 α3 +β3 (α+ β )3 − 3αβ(α+ β )
+ = =
β α αβ αβ
(−1)3 − 3 ×5 × (−1)
5
−1+ 15 14
=
5 5

2018 – NOV
Question: 1
𝜶𝟐 𝜷𝟐
Let α and β be the roots of x2 + 7x + 12 = 0. Then the value of + will be
𝜷 𝜶
7 12 49 144
(a) + (b) +
12 7 144 49

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 For Enquiry – 6262969604 6262969699
(c) −
91
(d) None
21
Answer: c
Solution:
If α & β are the roots of equation
X2 + 7x + 12 = 0
−b −7
Then α + β = = = -7
a 1
c 12
α×β= = = 12
a 1
α2 β2 α3 +β3
+ =
β α αβ
(𝛼+𝛽)3 − 3𝛼𝛽(𝛼+𝛽) (−7)3 −3×12(−7)
=
𝛼𝛽 12
−343+252
12
−91
=
12

Question: 2
𝟏
When two roots of quadratic equation area, then what will be the
𝒂
quadratic equation:
(a) ax2 – (a2 + 1 ) x + a = 0 (b) ax2 – ( a2x + 1) = 0
(c) ax2 – (a2 + 1) x + 1 = 0 (d) None
Answer: a
Solution:
1 1
If roots of Q.E. are a, & α = a, β =
𝑎 𝑎
Sum of roots (s) = α+β
1
=a+ =1
𝑎
Product of Roots (P) = α.β
1
= a. = 1
𝑎
Q.E. is given by
X2 – 5x +p = 0
𝑎2 +1
X2 -[ ]x +1 = 0
𝑎
a x2 – (a2 + 1)x + a = 0

2019 – MAY
Question: 1
Find the condition that one roots is double the other of ax2 + bx + c =0
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(a) 2b2 = 3ac (b) b2 = 3ac
(c) 2b2 = 9ac (d) 2b2> 9ac
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let m be the one root of the given equation
Then the other root will be 2m.
Then m + 2m=-b/a or, 3m= -b/a or, m=-b/3a.
Now, m (2m) =c/a or, (-b/3a) (-2b/3a) = c/a or, 2b2=9ac.

Question: 2
𝒙+𝒚 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟒
( )+( )=( )then
𝟏 𝒙−𝒚 𝟐 −𝟒 𝟑 𝟎
(a) x = 7 y = -3 (b) x = -7, y = -3
(c) x = -7, y = 3 (d) x = 7, y = 3
Answer: d
Explanation:
By option method, Taking D as option

7+3 1 2 3
( )+( )
1 7−3 2 −4

10 1 2 3 12 4
( )+( )= ( )
1 4 2 −4 3 0

2019 – NOV
Question: 1
Roots of the equation x3+9x2-x-9=0
(a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 1, -1, -9
(c) 2, 3, -9 (d) 1, 3, 9
Answer:(b)
Solution:
x3 + 9x2 – x – 9 = 0
By factorization method
X2(x+9)-1(x+9) = 0
(x2 – 1) ( x +9) = 0
(x +1) (x – 1) (x – 9) = 0 [a2-b2= (a + b) (a - b)]
(x + 1) = 0 (x – 1) = 0 (x+9) = 0
X = -1 x=1 x = -9

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Question: 2
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎
+ =𝟓
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓
(a) 10.58 (b) 9.58
(c) 9.5 (d) None
Answer:(b)
Solution:
2𝑥+5 3𝑥+10
+ =5
10 15
15(2𝑥+5)+10(3𝑥+10)
=5
150
30x + 75+30x +100 = 750
60x = 575
575
X=
60
X = 9.58(approx)

Question: 3
𝟏
Find value of x2-10x + 1 if x =
𝟓−𝟐√𝟔
(a) 25 (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) 49
Answer:(c)
Solution:
x2 -10x +1 = 0 => give equation
1
X=
5−2√6
Multiplying by conjugate
1 5+2√6
X= ×
5−2√6 5+2√6
5+2√6
X = (5)−(2 ( a + b ) (a – b ) = a2 – b2
√6)
5+2√6
X=
25−24
X = 5+2 √6
2
X2 = (5+2√6 (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
= 25 + 24 + 2 × 5 × 2 √6
X2 = 49 + 20 √6 --------- (1)
10x = 10(5 + 2√6) = 50 + 20√6 -------- (2)
X2 – 10x + 1
= 49 + 20√6 - 50 -20√6 + 1 {from equation ---- (1) & (2)}
=0
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So, x2 – 10x +1 = 0

Question: 4
Find the value of k in 3x2 – 2kx + 5 = 0
If x =2
(a) 15 (b) -7/14
(c) 17/4 (d) -4/17
Answer:( c)
Solution:
3x2 – 2kx + 5 = 0 { give equation } as it is given x = 2
Then put in place of x = ‘2’
3 × (2)2 – 2k(2) + 5 = 0
3 × 4 – 2k(2) + 5 = 0
12 – 4k + 5 =0
-4k = -12 -5
-4k = -17
17
K=
4

DEC - 2020
Question 1
If 2𝑥 2 − (𝑎 + 6) 2𝑥 + 12𝑎 = 0 then roots are
(a) 4 & a2 (b) 6 & a
(c) 3 & 2a (d) 6 & 3a
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given:
2x2 – (a + 6)2x + 12a = 0
 2x2 – 2ax – 12x + 12a = 0
 2x(x - a) – 12(x - a) = 0
 (2x -12)(x –a ) = 0
On equation both the factors with ‘0’ we get
 2x – 12 = 0 ➔x–a=0
 2x = 12 ➔x=a
 X=6
Two roots are 6 and a
 Option B is the correct answer.

Question 2

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Solving equation 3g2 -14g+16=0, we get roots as
(a) 0 (b)  5
(c) 8 and 2/3 (d) 2 and 8/3
Answer: d
Explanation:
By option d
Putting value 2
3 × 22 − 14(2) + 16 = 0
0=0
putting value 8/3
8 2 8
3 × ( ) − 14 × + 16
3 3
0= 0

Question 3
Solving equations m + m = 6/25 the value of √𝒎 = 6/25 the value of ‘m’
works out to works out to:
(a) 2/25 (b) 1/25
(c) 3/25 (d) 1
Answer: b
Explanation:
1
Correct option is B
25
6
m + √m =
25
let m = t2
6
 t2 + t =
25
2
 25t + 25t − 6 = 0
−25 ± √625+4 ×25 ×6
 t=
2 ×25
−25 ± √1225
t=
50
−25 ±35
t=
50
10 −60
t= and t =
50 50
1
, t = is correct answer
5
1
Now, m = t 2 =
25
, Option B is correct.

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July - 2021

Question 1
If α and 𝛃 are the roots of the equation 2x2+5x +k = 0, and 4(𝛂𝟐 + 𝛃𝟐 + 𝛂𝛃)
= 23, then which of the following is true?
(a) k2+3k-2=0 (b) k2-2k+3=0
(c) k2-2k-3=0 (d) k2-3k+2=0
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation:
If α and β are the root of equation
2x2+5x +k = 0
Here a = 2, b = 5, c = k
b 5
α +β=− = −
a 2
c 𝑘
α. β = =
a 2
4 (α2 + β2 + αβ)= 23
4 [(α + β)2 − 2αβ ] = 23
4 [(α + β)2 − αβ ] = 23
−5 2 𝑘
4 [( ) − ] = 23
2 2
25 𝑘
4[ − ] = 23
4 2
25−2𝑘
4[ ] = 23
4
25 – 2k = 23
2k = 2
K=1
K = 1 are satisfied the option (d)
(𝑘 2 − 3𝑘 + 2 = 0)

Question 2
The cost of 2 oranges and 3 apples is ₹ 28. If the cost of an apple is doubled
then the cost of 3 oranges and 5 apples is ₹ 75. The original cost of 7
oranges and 4 apples (in ₹) is.
(a) 59 (b) 47
(c) 71 (d) 63
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation:
Let cost 1 orange = Rs x
Cost of 1 mango = Rs. Y

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Given
2x + 3y = 28 ……….. (1) × 3
And
3x + 5(2y) = 75
3x + 10y = 75 …………… (2) × 2
6x + 9y = 84
6x + 20y = 150
- - -
- 11y = - 66
Y=6

Putting y = 6 in e.g. (1)

2x 3 × 6 = 28
2x + 18 = 28
2x = 28 – 18
2x = 10
The original cost of 7 oranges and 4 apples
= 7x + 4y
=7×5+4×6
= 35 + 24
= 59

Question 3
The value of ‘K’ is ________, if 2 is a root of the following cubic equation: x 3 –
(k+1) x+k = 0
(a) 2 (b) 6
(c) 1 (d) 4
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
Cubic Equation
𝑥 3 − (𝑘 + 1)𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0……. (1)
If 2 is a root of cubic equation
So x = 2 in equation (1)
(2)3 − (k + 1)2 + k = 0
8 – 2k – 2 + k = 0
6–k=0
K=6

Question 4
The sum of square of any real positive quantities and its reciprocal is
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never less than
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
1
Let the positive real number be a then its reciprocal will be .
𝑎
So using property AM ≥ GM we could say that
1
𝑎+𝑎 1
≥ √𝑎 × Or
2 𝑎
1
(𝑎 + ) ≥ 2 × 1
𝑎
1
Therefore (𝑎 + ) ≥ 2.
𝑎

Question 4
𝟏 𝟎
If A = [ ] then the value of A5 is
−𝟏 𝟏
1 0 1 0
(a) [ ] (b) [ ]
−1 5 0 1
1 0 1 −5
(c) [ ] (d) [ ]
−5 1 0 1
Answer: Options ()
Explanation:
1 0
If A = [ ]
−1 1
1 0 1 0 [ 2
A2 = [ ][ ] 𝐴 = 𝐴 . 𝐴]
−1 1 −1 1
1 × 1 + 0 × (−1) 1 ×0+×1
= [[ ]]
(−1) × 1 + 1 1 (−1) −1 × 0 + 1 × 1
1 0
=[ ]
−2 1
A3 = A2 .A
1 0 1 0
=[ ] [ ]
−2 1 −1 1
1+0 0+0
=[ ]
−2 − 1 0 + 1
1 0
=[ ]
−3 1

A5 = A3 × A2
1 0 1 0
=[ ] [ ]
−3 1 −2 1

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1+0 0+0
=[ ]
−3 − 2 0 + 1
1 0
=[ ]
−5 1

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CHAPTER - 3
LINEAR INEQUALITIEs

Inequalities are statements where two quantities are

INEQUALITIES unequal but a relationship exists between them. These type
of inequalities occur in business whenever there is a limit
on supply, demand, sales etc.

LINEAR
Any linear function that involves an inequality sign is a
INQUALITIES IN
linear
ONE VARIABLE
Inequality. It may be of one variable or, of more than one
AND THE
variable. Simple example of linear inequalities are those of
SOLUTION SPACE
x>
–3 –2 –1 0 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2

one variable only; viz., x> 0, x ≤ 0 etc.

It involves:
i. Formulating the linear programming problem, i.e.
expressing the objective function and constraints
in the standardized format.
ii. Plotting the capacity constraints on the graph
paper. For this purpose, normally two terminal
points are required. This is done by presuming
simultaneously that one of the constraints is zero.
When constraints concern only one factor, then
line will have only one origin point and it will run
SUMMARY OF parallel to the other axis.
GRAPHICAL
METHOD iii. Identifying feasible region and coordinates of
corner points. Mostly it is done by breading the
graph, but a point can be identified by solving
simultaneous equation relating to two lines which
intersect to form a point on graph.

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iv. Testing the corner point which gives maximum

profit. For this purpose, the coordinates relating
to the corner point should put in objectives
function and the optimal point should be as
certained.
v. For decision – making purpose, sometimes, it is
required to know whether optimal point leaves
some resources unutilized. For this purpose, value
of coordinates at the optimal point should be put
with constraint to find out which constraints are
not fully utilized.
vi. Linear inequalities in two variables may be solved
easily by extending our knowledge of straight lines.

Question 1
On solving the inequalities 6x + y 2 18, x + 4y2 12, 2x + y 10, we
get the following situation
(a) (0, 18), (12, 0), (4, 2), & (7, 6) (b) (3, 0), (0, 3), 0, 0) and (7, 6)
(c) (5, 0), (0, 10), (4, 2), (7, 6) (d) (0, 18), (12, 0), (4, 2), (0, 0)
and (7, 6)
Answer: a
Explanation:
We draw the graph of 6x+y 218, x+4y 212, and 2x+y 210 in –the same
plane. The solution set of system is that portion of the graphs of the
given inequality which is represented by the intersection of the above
three equations.

Question 2
Solve x +2 < 4
(a) x<2 (b) x>2
(c) x≠2 (d) x<4
Answer: a
Explanation:
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We need to subtract 2 from both sides of the inequality.

X+2<4
X<4-2
X<2

Question 3
Solve the inequality 3 – 2x≥15
(a) x≤6 (b) x≤ −6
(c) x>-6 (d) x>6
Answer: b
Explanation:
We need to subtract 3 from both sides; then divide both sides by –
2(remembering to change the direction of the inequality).
=3-2x≥ 15
=-2x≥ 15 − 3
= -2x≥ 12
12
=x≤
−2
= x≤ -6

Question 4
Solve -1 < 2x +3 < 6
(a) -2<x<3/2 (b) 2<x<23/2
(c) 2<x<3/2 (d) -3<x<23/3
Answer: a
Expectation:
= -1<2x+3<6
Subtract 3 from all 3 sides
= -1-3<2x+3-3<6-3
= -4<2x<3
Divide all sides by 2
= -2<x<3/2

Question 5
𝒙
Solve >8
𝟐
(a) x<8 (b) x>16
(c) x=8 (d) x=4
Answer: b
Explanation:

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𝑥
= >8
2
=x>8×2
= x>16

Question 6
The graph to express the inequality x + y = 56 is:

(a) (b)
(c) Either a or b (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
X + y = 56 is graphically represent by

Question 7
On the average, experienced person does 5 units of work while
fresh one 3 units work daily but the employer have to maintain
the output to at least 30 units work per day. The situation can be
expressed as
(a) 5x + 3y = 30 (b) 5x + 3y = 30
(c) 5x + 3y = 30 (d) None of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let Experience Person x unit work per day
Fresh one = y unit work per day
So situation is 5x + 3y = 30

Question 8
Common region of the inequalities is:

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(a) BCDB and DEFD (b) Unbounded

(c) HFGH (d) ABDFHKA
Answer: d
Explanation:
Common region of the inequalities is ABDFHKA

Question 9
The shaded region represents:

(a) x + y s 5, x : 1’.2, y :s; 1 (b) x + y: 1’. 5, x : 1 ‘.2 , y 1

(c) x + y s 5, X : 1!4, y : 1; ,1 (d) None of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
Region represented by the line x + y = 5 touch the coordinate axes at
(5, 0) and (0, 5) since the shaded region lies below the line x + y = 5.
Hence it is represented by the in equation x + y = 5

Question 10
A company produces two products A and B, each of which
requires processing in two machines. The first machine can be
used at most for 60 hours, the second machine can be used at
most for 40 hours. The product A requires 2 hours on machine
one and one hour on machine one and two hours on machine two.
Above situation is using linear inequalities?
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(a) True (b) False

(c) Partial (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let the company produce, x number of product A and y number of
product B.
As each of product A requires 2 hours in machine one and one hour in
machine two, x number of product A requires 2x hours in machine one
and x hours in machine two. Similarly, y number of product B requires
y hours in machine one and 2y hours in machine two for 40 hours.
Hence 2x + y cannot exceed 40. In other words,
2x + y = 60 and x + 2y = 40
Thus, the conditions can be expressed using linear inequalities.

Question 11
The inequalities 5x1 + 4x2≥9, x1+x2≥ 3, x1≥ 0 and x2 ≥ 0 is
correct?
(a) True (b) False
(c) Not sure (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
We draw that straight line 5× 1 + 4 × 2 = 9 and × 1 + x2 = 3.
Table for 5×1 + 4×2 = 9 Table for x1 + x2 = 3
×1 0 9/5 ×1 0 3
×2 9/4 0 ×2 3 0
Now, if we take the point (4, 4), we find
5×1 + 4×2 * 9
i.e., 5.4 + 4.4 * 9
or, 36 * 9 (True)
x1+ x2 * 3
i.e., 4 +4 * 3
8 * 3 (True)
Hence (4, 4) is in the region which satisfies the inequalities

Question 12
Solve the inequality -2(x+3)<10
(a) x>-8 (b) x>16
(c) x>8 (d) x>-16
Answer: a

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Explanation:
-2x-6<10-2x-6<10
-2x-6+6<10+6-2x-6+6<10+6
--2x<16-2x<16
-2x-2<16-2-2x-2>16-2
x>-8

Question 13
Solve the absolute value inequality 2|𝟑𝒙 + 𝟗|<36
(a) -9<x>3 (b) -9<x<3
(c) 9<x>3 (d) 9<x<3
Answer: b
Explanation:
2|3𝑥 + 9|<36 2|3𝑥 + 9|2<36
|3𝑥 + 9|<18|
-18<3x+9
-18-9<3x
-27<3x
-9 <x

Question 14
Solve x + 2 < 4
(a) x< 1 (b) x>2
(c) x>-2 (d) x<2
Answer: d
Explanation:
We need to subtract 2 from both sides of the inequality.
X+2<4
X<4-2
X<2

Question 15
𝒙
Solve >4
𝟐
(a) x<4 (b) x>8
(c) x>-4 (c) x<2
Answer: b
Explanation:
We need to multiply both sides of the inequality by 2.

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𝑥
>4
2
x>4×2
x>8

Question 16
𝟑 𝟏
Solve the inequality (1 – x) > –x
𝟐 𝟒
(a) x <
5 (b) x < 5
2
10 5
(c) x < (d) x <
2 6
Answer: a
Explanation:
3 1
(1 – x) > - x
2 4
6-6x>1-4x
-6x+4x > 1-6
-2x > -5
5
X<
2

Question 17
The solution of the inequality 8x + 6 < 12x + 14 is:
(a) (-2, 2) (b) (0, -2)
(c) (2,) (d) (-2, )
Answer: d
Explanation:
= 8x + 6 < 12x + 14
= 6 – 14 < 12x – 8x
= -8 < 4x
= x > -2

Question 18
Solve x-1 < 2x + 2 < 3x + 1
(a) (x>3 and x>1 (b) (x>-3 and x<1)
(c) (x<-3 and x>1 (d) (x>1)
Answer: d
Explanation:
We need to find the intersecting of the ‘’true’’ values.
X -1<2x+2 and 2x+2<3x+1
x<2x+3 and 2x-<3x-1

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x>-3 and x>1

The intersection of these 2 regions is x>1.

Question 19
Solve -2(x+4)>1 – 5x
(a) x<3 (b) x>3
(c) x≠3 (d) x = 3
Answer: b
Explanation:
-2(x+4)>1-5x
[-2x -8]1-5x
3x-8>1
3x>9
x>3

Question 20
Solve the inequality |𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏|> 5
(a) x<3 (b) x>3
(c) x≠3 (d) x = 3
Answer: b
Explanation:
Applying the relationships discussed earlier:
2x-1<5or 2x-1>5
Solving both inequalities, we get:
2x<5+1 or 2x>5+1
2x<-4 or 2x>6
X<-2 or x>3

Question 21
Find all pair if consecutive even positive integers, both of the
which are larger than 5 such that their sum is less than 23.
(a) (7,8),(7,3)and(2,3) (b) (6,8),(8,10)and(10,12)
(c) (5,7),(7,9)and(2,6) (d) (2,3),(4,5)and(3,1)
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let x and x+2 be two consecutive even positive integers.
Since both the integers are larger than 5. X>5x>5 ------ (1)
Also sum of two is less than 23
X+x+2<23

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=>2x+x<23
Adding -2 to both sides
2x<23-2
2x<212
Dividing by 2 on both sides
2𝑥
< 23 – 2
2
21
X<
2
X < 10.5
Step 2:
Since x is an even positive integer greater than 5 and less than 10.5 ×
can take value 6,8,10.
Thus the required pair of number is (6, 8), (8, 10) and (10, 12)
Hence B is the correct answer.

Question 22
The longest side of a triangle is three times the shortest side and
third side is 2cmshortest than the longest side. If the perimeter of
the triangle is at least 61cm. find the minimum length of the
shortest side.
(a) 9cm (b) 3cmm
(c) 5cm (d) 5cm
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let the length of the shortest side be x cm
Length of the largest side is 3x cm
Length of the third side is 3x-2cm
Since the perimeter of the triangle is at least 61 cm, we get,
X+3x+3x-2≥61
7x-2≥ 61
Adding 2 on both sides
= > 7x≥ 61 + 2
7x≥ 63
Dividing both sides by positive number 7
7𝑥 63
≥
7 7
X≥ 9
Step 2:
The minimum length of the shortest side is 9 cm.

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Hence A is the correct answer.

Question 23
Solve the inequality: 2≤ 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒 ≤ 𝟓
(a) [2, 8] (b) [4, 5]
(c) [3, 4] (d) [2, 3]
Answer: d
Explanation:
The given inequality is 2≤ 3𝑥 − 4 ≤ 5
Adding +4+4 throughout the inequality 2+4≤ 3𝑥 − 4 + 4 ≤ 5 + 4
= > 6≤ 3𝑥 ≤ 9
Dividing by positive number 3 throughout the inequality = > 2≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
= > 2≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
Step 2:
Thus all real number, which are greater than or equal to 2, and less
than or equal to 3, are solutions to the given inequality.
The solution set is [2, 3]
Hence D is the correct answer.

Question 24
Graphs of in equations are drawn below:

L1: 5x+3y=30 L2: x+ y = 9

L3: Y=X/3 L4: y=x/2
The common region (Shaded part) shown in the diagram refers
to the inequalities
(a) 5x+3y≤ 30 (b) 5x + 3y≥ 30
X+y≤9 x+y≤9
Y ≤ 1/2x y ≥ x/3
y≤ x/2 y ≤ x/2
x≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 x≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
(c) 5x+3y≥ 9 (d) None of these
X + y≥ 9
Y ≤ 𝑥/3
y ≥x/2
x ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0
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Answer: d
Explanation:
5x + 3y > 30
X+y<9
Y>9
Y ≤ x/2
X ≥ 0; y ≥ 0

Past Examination Questions

MAY - 2018
Question 1
The linear relationship between are variable in an inequality:
(a) ax+by≤c (b) ax.by≤c
(c) axy+by≤c (d) ax+bxy≤c
Answer: a
The linear relationship between two variables in an inequality ax+by≤c

NOV - 2018
Question 1
On solving the inequalities 5x+y≤100, x+y≤60, x≥0, y≥, we get the
following solutions:
(a) (0,0), (20, 0), (10, 50), & (0, 60) (b) (0,0), (60,0), (10,50) & (0,60)
(c) (0,0), (20,0), (0,100), & (10,50) (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
On solving the inequalities 5x+y≤100, x+y≤60, x+y≤60, x≥0, y≥, we get (0, 0),
(20, 0) (10, 50) & (0, 60) all satisfied above inequalities

MAY -2019
Question 1
The solution set of the in equation x + 2 > 0 and 2x – 6 > 0 is

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(a) (-2, ∞) (b) (3,∞)

(c) (-∞, -2) (d) (-∞, -3)
Answer: b
Explanation:
X+2>0
2𝑋 − 6 > 0
X > -2
2𝑋 > 6
6
X>
2
X>3
X € (3,∞)

Questions 2
The common region represented by the following in equalities

L1 = X1 + X2≤ 4; L2 = 2X1 + X2≥ 6

(a) OABC (b) Outside of OAB
(c) △ BCE (d) △ ABE
Answer: d
Explanation:
= x1 + x2≤ 4 – L1
=2X1 +X2≥6 – L2
△ABE

NOV - 2019
Question 1
6x + y ≥ 18, x + 4y ≥ 12, 2x + y ≥ 10 on solving the inequalities; we get
(a) ( 0, 18), (12, 0), (4, 2), & (7, 6) (b) (3, 0), (0, 3), (4, 2), & (7, 6)
(c) (5, 0), (0, 10), (4, 2), & (7, 6) (d) (0, 18), (12, 0), (4, 2), & (0, 0),
and (7,6)
Answer: (a)
We draw the graph of 6x + y ≥ 18, x + 4y ≥ 12 and 2x + y ≥ 10 in the same plane.
The solution set of system is that portion of the graphs of the given inequality
which is
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Represented by the intersection of the above three equations.

For this purpose, we replace, the inequalities respectively by
6x+y=18, x + 4y = 12 and 2x + y = 10
For 6x + y = 18, For x + y = 12
x 0 3
X 0 12
y 18 0
y 3 0
For 2x + y = 10
x 0 5
y 10 0

DEC - 2020
Question 1
If Y = x(x-1)(x-2) then dy/dx is
(a) -6x (b) 3x2 -6x+2
(c) 6x+4 (d) 3x2 -6x
Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑦 = (𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 )
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 3
= (𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑥

Question 2
The average cost function of a good is 2Q+6+ Q/13 where Q is the quantity
produced. The approx. cost at Q = 15 is___
(a) 42 (b) 36
(c) 66 (d) None of these
Answer: d
Explanation
Note: According to the given question the correct answers is Rs.553. There is no
correct

JAN - 2021
Question 1
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The common region in the graph of the inequalities x + y ≤ 𝟒, x – y ≤ 𝟒, x ≥

𝟐, 𝒊𝒔.
(a) equilateral triangle (b) Isosceles triangle
(c) Quadrilateral (d) Square
Answer: b
Explanation:
common region in the graph of the inequalities x + y ≤ 4, x – y ≤ 4, x ≥ 2, 𝑖𝑠 it
made isosceles triangle

Question 2
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
If A + B = [ ] and A – 2B =[ ], then A =
𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏
1 1 2/3 1/3
(a) [ ] (b) [ ]
2 1 1/3 2/3
1/3 1/3 2 1
(c) [ ] (d) [ ]
2/3 1/3 1 2
Answer: c
Explanation:
1 0 2 0
2(a+b) = 2 [ ] = 2𝐴 + 2𝐵 = [ ] − − − − − (1)
1 1 2 2
−1 1
𝐴 − 2𝐵 = [ ] − − − −(2)
0 −1
2 0 −1 1
2A +2B+A-2B = [ ]+[ ]
2 2 0 −1
1 1
3A = [ ]
2 1
1 1 1
A= [ ]
3 2 1
1/3 1/3
Hence answer will be = [ ]
2/3 1/3

Question 3
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟑
The matrix A = [ 𝟏 −𝟑 𝟒 ] is
−𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐
(a) Symmetric (b) Skew – symmetric
(c) Singular (d) Non – Singular
Answer: c
Explanation:
A singular matrix is one which is non-invertible i.e. there is no multiplicative
inverse, B, such that the original matrix A × B = I (Identity matrix) A matrix is

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singular if and only if its determinant is zero.

Question 4
𝒙𝟑
The cost function of production is given by C(x) = - 15x2 + 36x where x
𝟐
denotes thee number of items produced. The level of output for which
marginal cost is minimum and the level of output for which the average
cost is minimum are given by, respectively
(a) 10 and 15 (b) 10 and 12
(c) 12 and 15 (d) 15 and 10
Answer: a

Question 5
0 1 1
∫1 𝑒 𝑥 ( − 2 )ds =
𝑥 𝑥
𝑒
(a) e( − 2) (b) e(e – 1)
2
(c) a (d) 𝑒 2 (𝑒 − 1)
Answer: a

JULY – 2021
Question 15
If y = 4+9 sin 5x then which holds good?
(a) -5≤ y ≤ 13 (b) −4 ≤ y ≤ 8
(c) 0 < y < 1 (d) -5 < y < 5
Answer: Options (a)

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CHAPTER - 4
Time value of money

Interest

Simple Compound Effective rate of Annuity

Interest
Interest Interest

Annuity Types Applications of Annuities Sinking Funds

First Payment or/ First Payment/ Receipt Leasing Capital Valuation

Expenditure(Invest
Receipt at the end in the first (beginning) ment decision) of Bond
of the period of the period

Future value Present value

of annuity Future value of Present value of
of the annuity
regular regular annuity due annuity due

TIME VALUE Time value of money means that the value of a unity of
money is different in different time periods. The sum of
OF MONEY
money received in future is less valuable than it is today.
In other words, the present worth of money received
after some time will be less than a money received today.

Interest is the price paid by a borrower for the use of a

lender’s money. If you borrow (or lend) some money
INTERSEST from (or to) a person for a particular period, you would
pay (or receive) more money than your initial borrowing
(or lending).

The interest computed on the principal for the entire

period of borrowing.

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I = Pit
A=P+I
SIMPLE I=A–P
INTEREST Here,
A = Accumulated amount (final value Of an investment)
P = Principal (initial Value of an investment)
i = Annual interest rate in decimal.
I = Amount of interest
t = Time in years

The interest that accrues when earnings for each

specified period of time added to the principal thus
increasing the principal base on which subsequent
COMPOUND interest is computed.
INTEREST Formula for compound interest:
An = P (1+i) n
Where, i = Annual rate of interest
n = Number of conversion periods per year
Interest = An – P = P ( 1 + i )n – P
n is total conversions i.e. t x no. of conversions per year

The effective interest rate can be computed directly by

EFFECTIVE following formula:
RATE OF E = (1 + i)n – P
INTEREST Where E is the effective interest rate
i = actual interest rate in decimal
n = number of conversation period

Future value of a single cash flow can be computed by

FUTURE
above formula. Replace A by future value (F) and P by
VALUE
single cash flow (C.F.) therefore
F = C.F. (1 + i)n

ANNUITY Annuity can be defined as a sequence of periodic

payments (or receipts) regularly over a specified period
of time.

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TYPES OF ANNUITY

First payment/
Annuity First receipt or
payment is
Annuity receipt takes Due or made today at
regular place at the end Annuity the beginning of
of first period. the annuity.
Immediate

Future value of an Annuity due/Annuity immediate = Future

FUTURE VALUE value of annuity regular x (1+1) where i is the interest rate is
OF AN ANNUITY decimal.
DUE/ANNUITY The present value P of the amount an due at the end of n
IMMEDIATE period at the rate of i per interest period may be obtained by
solving for P the below given equation

An = P(1 + i)n

Present value of annuity due/immediate for n years is the

PRESENT VALUE
same as an annuity regular for (n-1) years plus an initial
OF ANNUITY
receipt or payment in beginning of the period. Calculating the
DUE OR
present value of annuity due involves two steps.
ANNUITY
• Step 1: Compute the present value of annuity as if it
IMMEDIATE were an annuity regular for one period short.
• Step 2: Add initial cash payment/ receipt to the step
1 value.

It is the fund credited for a specified purpose by way of

sequence of periodic payments over a time period at a
SINKING FUND specified interest rate. Interest is compounded at the end of
every period. Size of the sinking fund deposit is computed
from A = P.A(n, i)
where
A is the amount to be saved the periodic payment, in the
payment period.

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Leasing Leasing is a financial arrangement

under which the owner of the asset
(lessor) allows the user of the asset
(lessee) to use the asset for a defined
period of time
ANNUITY (lease period) for a consideration
APPLICATIONS (lease rental) payable over a given
period of time. This is a kind of taking
an asset on rent

Capital Capital expenditure means

Expenditure purchasing on asset (which results in
outflows of money) today in
anticipation of benefits (cash inflow)
which would flow across the life of the
investment

Valuation of A bond is a debt security in which the

bond issuer owes the holder a debt and is
obliged to repay the principal and
interest. Bonds are generally issued
for a fixed term longer than one year.

Question 1
How much interest will be earned on ‘2000 at 6 % simple interest
for 2 years?
(a) 250 (b) 240
(c) 260 (d) 270
Answer: b
Explanation:
Required interest amount is given by
I=P×i×t
6
= 2000 × ×2
100

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= 240

Question 2
Sonata deposited 50,000 in a bank for two years with the interest
rate of 5.5% p.a. how much interest would she earn?
(a) 550 (b) 55000
(c) 55 ` (d) 5500
Answer: d
Explanation:
Required interest amount is given by
I=P×i×t
5.5
50000 x x2
100
= 5500

Question 3
Sachin deposited 1, 00,000 in is bank for 2 years at simple
interest rate of 6%. How much interest would he earn? How
much would be the final value of deposit?
(a) 11200 (b) 112000
(c) 124000 (d) 12400
Answer: b
Explanation:
i. required interest amount is given by
I = P × it
6
100000 × ×2
100
= 12,000
ii. Final value of deposit is given by
=A=P+I
= (1, 00,000 + 12,000)
= 1, 12,000

Question 4
Rohika invested 70,000 in a bank at the rate of 6.5% p.a. simple
interest rate. He received 85,925 after the end of term. Find out
the period for which sum was invested by Rahul.
(a) 3.5 years (b) 35 years
(c) 0.35 years (d) 36 years
Answer: a

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Explanation:
We know A = P (1 + it)
6.5
I.e. 85925 = 70000(1+ × t)
100
85925 100+6.5𝑡
=
70000 100
85925×100
-100 = 6.5t
70000
22.75 =6.5t
t = 3.5
= time = 3.5 years

Question 5
Kanti Devi deposited some amount in a bank for 7 ½ years at the
rate of 6% p.a. simple interest. Kanti Devi received ‘1, 01,500 at
the end of the term. Compute initial deposit of kanti Devi initial
deposit of kanti Devi
(a) 70000 (b) 7000
(c) 70 (d) 700000
Answer: a
Explanation:
We know, A = P (1+it)
6 15
i.e. 101500 = P (1 + × )
100 2
45
1, 01,500 = P[1 + ]
100
101500×100
P=
145
= 70,000
Initial deposit of kanti Devi = 70,000

Question 6
Shila has a sum of 46,875 was lent out at simple interest at the
end of 1 year 8 months the total amount was 50,000. Find the rate
of interest percent per annum.
(a) 0.4% (b) 4 %
(c) 40% (d) 0.04%
Answer: b
Explanation:
We know A = P (1 + it)
8
i.e.50, 000 = 46875(1+ i × 1 )
12
i = 0.04;

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Rate = 4%

Question 7
What sum money will produce Heena 28,600 as an interest in 3
years and 3 months at 2.5% p.a. simple interest?
(a) 35200 (b) 352000
(c) 32500 (d) 325000
Answer: b
Explanation:
We know I = P × i × t
2.5 3
i.e. 28,600 = P × ×3
100 12
2.5 13
28600 = p×
100 4
32.5
28600 = p
400
28600×400
P=
32.5
=352000
3, 52,000 will produce 28,600 interests in 3 years and 3 months at
2.5%p.a. simple interest.

Question 8
In what time vansh will do 85,000 amount to 1, 57,675 at 4.5%
p.a.?
(a) 9 years (b) 91 years
(c) 19 years (d) 1 year
Answer: c
Explanation:
We know
A = P (1 + it)
4.5
157675 = 85000(1+ ×t)
100
157675 100+4.5𝑡
=
85000 100
157675
4.5t = ( × 100) -100
85000
85.5
t= = t = 19
4.5
In 19 years 85,000 will amount to 1, 57,675 at 4.5% p.a. simple
interest rate.

Question 9

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A sum of money doubles itself in 10 years. The number of years it

would triple itself is:
(a) 25 years (b) 20 years
(c) 15 years (d) 18 years
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let the sum of money invested be P.
Then, amount = 2P
A = P (1+it)
10
2p = p (1 + r × )
100
100+10𝑟
2=
100
10r=100
R=10%p.a.
Now, year be 20 years

Question 10
A company establishes a sinking fund to provide for the payment
of 2, 00,000 debt maturing in 20 years. Contribution to the fund is
to be made at the end of every year. Find the amount of each
annual deposit if interest is 5% per annum
(a) 6142 (b) 6049
(c) 6052 (d) 6159
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let the annual deposit be A
F.Y. =0 [(1 +i) -1]n
2, 00,000 = [(1+0.05)20 – 1]
10,000 = a (1. 6533)
10000
A=
1.6533
A = 6049

Question 11
A machine worth 4, 90,740 is depreciated at 15% on its opening
value each year. When its value would reduce to 2, 00,000:
(a) 5 years (b) 5 years 7 months
(c) 5 years 5 months (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
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Amount = 2, 00,000
In case of depreciation A = P (1 – i)t
2, 00,000 = 4, 90,740 (1- 0.15)t
0.4075 = (0.85)t
(0.85).5.5 = (0.85)t
n = 5.5 or 5 years 6 months (approx.)

Question 12
A sum amount to 1,331 at a principal of 1,000 at 10%
compounded annually;
Find the time.
(a) 3.31 years (b) 4 years
(c) 3 years (d) 2 years
Answer: c
Explanation:
P = 1,000
A = 1,331
i = 0.10
Time = n years
A = P (1+i)t
1331 = 1000 (1 + 0.10)t
1.331 = (1.10)t
(1.10)3 = (1.10)t
n=3
Therefore, Rs. 1,000 amounts to 1,331 at 10% p.a. C.I. in 3 year’s

Question 13
If a sum triples in 15 years at simple rate of interest, the rate of
interest per annum will be
(a) 13.0% (b) 13.3%
(c) 1.33% (d) 13.66%
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let Principal P = P
Amount A = 3P
T = 15 years
S.I. = A-P
= 3P – P
= 2P

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S.I.×100
R=
P×T
2P ×100
R=
P ×15 Yrs.
40
R=
3
= 13.33%

Question 14
In what time will a sum of money double its y at 6.25 Simple
interest?
(a) 5 years (b) 12 years
(c) 8 years (d) 16 years
Answer: d
Explanation:
625
Let R = . According to the question,
100
Amount = 2 (Principle)
A = 2P
S.I. = A – P
= 2P – P
=P
P ×R ×T
S.I. =
100
𝑃 ×625 × 𝑇
P=
100 ×100
𝑝 ×100 ×100
T=
𝑝 ×625
T = 16 Years

Question 15
What principal will amount to 370 in 6 years at 8% p.a. at simple
interest?
(a) 210 (b) 250
(c) 260 (d) 25
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given Amount (A) = 370, T = 6 yrs, R = 8% p.a.
Let P = x
𝑃𝑅𝑇
SI =
100
8×6×𝑋
=
100
48𝑋
S. I. =
100

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A = P+S.I.
48𝑋
A=X+
100
148𝑋
370 =
100
370 ×100
X=
148
= 250

Question 16
2,000 is invested at annual rate o interest of 10%. What is the
amount after two years if compounding is quarterly?
(a) 2420 (b) 2431
(c) 2436.80 (d) 2440.58
Answer: c
Explanation:
n=4×2=8
0.1
i= = 0.025
4
A8 = 2,000 (1+0.025)8
= 2,000 × 1.2184
= 2,436.80

Question 17
Determine the compound amount and compound interest on
1000 at 6% compounded semi-annually for 6 years. Given that
(1+i) n = 1.42576 for i = 3% and n = 2
(a) 425.76 (b) 425.67
(c) 851.52 (d) 851.25
Answer: a
Solution:
Given:
Principal, P = Rs. 1,000
Rate of Interest = 6%
Time, = 6 years
And (1 + 𝑖)𝑛 = 1.42576 for i = 3% and n = 12
We k now compound amount, A = P (1 + i)n
Since, the interest is compounded semi-annually for 6 years
6
Here, i = % = 3% and n = 6 × 2 = 12
2

Compound Amount

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A = P(1 + 𝑖)𝑛
= Rs. 1,000 (1 + 3%)12
= Rs. 1,000 × 1.42576
= Rs. 1,425.76
Compound Interest = Rs. (1,425.76 – 1,000)
= Rs. 425.76

Question 18
2000 is invested at annual rate of interest of 10%. What is the
amount after two years if compounding is done monthly?
(a) 2420 (b) 2431
(c) 2436.80 (d) 244.058
Answer: d
Explanation:
An = P (1 + i) n
n =12 × 2 = 24, i= 0.1/12 = 0.00833
A24 = 2, 00 (1+ 0.00833)24
= 2.00 × 1.22029
= 2.44.058

Question 19
Which is a better investment 3% per year compounded monthly
or 3.2% per year simple interest? Given that (1+0.0025)12 =
1.0304
(a) 3.04% (b) 3.4%
(c) 3.004% (d) 4.03%
Answer: a
Explanation:
i= 3/12 =0.25% = 0.0025
n=12
E = (1+i) n – 1
= (1 + 00025)12 – 1
= 1.0304 – 1 = 0.0304
= 3.04%
Effective rate of interest (E) being less than 3.2%. The simple interest
3.2% per year is the better investment.

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Question 20
Bichara invest 3000 in a two-year investment that pays you 12%
per annum. Calculate the future value of the investment.
(a) 3,763.20 (b) 376.320
(c) 37632.00 (d) 37.6320
Answer: a
Explanation:
We know F = C.F. (1 + i) n
Where F = Future value
C.F. = Cash flow = 3,000
i = rate of interest = 0.12
n= time period = 2
F = 3,000(1+0.12)2
= 3,000 × 1.2544
= 3,763.20

Question 21
Ascertain the compound value and compound interest of an
amount of ‘75,000 at 8 percent compounded semiannually for 5
years.
(a) 30615 (b) 36051
(c) 36501 (d) 36015
Answer: d
Explanation:
Computation of compound value and compound interest
Semiannual rate of interest (i) = 8/2 = 4%
n = 5 × 2 = 10, P = 75,000
Compound value = P (1+i) n
= 75,000(1+4 %) 10
= 75, 000 × 1.4802
= 1, 11,015
Compound interest = 1, 11,015 – 75,000 = 36,015.

Question 22
A doctor is planning to buy an X – Ray machine for his hospital.
He has two options. He can either purchase it by making cash
payment of 5 lakhs or 6‘15,000 are to be paid in six equal annual
installments. Which option do you suggest to the doctor assuming

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the rate of return is 12 percent? Present value of annuity of Rs. 1

at 12 percent rate of discount for six years is 4.111
(a) 421378 (b) 412378
(c) 487321 (d) 421387
Answer: a
Explanation:
Option I:
Cash down payment = 5, 00,000
Option II:
Annual installment Basis
1
Annual installment = 615000 × = 102500
6
Present value of 1 to 6 installments @ 12%
= 1, 02,500 × 4.111
= 4, 21,378

Question 23
Calculate if ‘10,000 is invested at interest rate of 12% per annum,
what is the amount after 3 years if the compounding of interest is
done half yearly?
(a) 14049.28 (b) 14185.19
(c) 14857.61 (d) 14094.28
Answer: b
Explanation:
12 3×2
10,000 [1 + ]
100 ×2
10,000 (1 + 0.06)6
= 10,000 × 1.418519
= 14,185.19

Question 24
Present value ‘’ is the current value of a ‘’ Future Amount ‘’. The
statement is correct or not?
(a) Correct (b) incorrect
(c) Not sure (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Present value ‘’is the current value of a ‘’Future Amount’’. It can also
be defined as the amount to be invested today (present value) at a
given rate over specified period to equal the ‘’Future Amount’’.

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Question 25
Simple interest may be defined as interest that is calculated as a
simple percentage of the restricted amount is true or false?
(a) True (b) False
(c) Partial (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
Simple interest may be defined as interest that is calculated as a
simple percentage of the original principal amount.

Question 26
Time value of money indicates that
(a) A unit of money obtained (b) A unit of money obtained
today is worth more than a today is worth less than a unit
unit of money obtained in of money obtained in obtained
future in future
(c) There is no difference in the (d) None of these
value of money obtained
today and tomorrow
Answer: a
Explanation:
A unit of money obtained today is worth more than a unit of money
obtained in future.

Question 27
Time value of money supports the comparison of cash flows
recorded at different time period by
(a) Discounting all cash flows to a (b) Compounding all cash flows to
common a
point of time common point of time
(c) Using either a or b (d) None of the above
Answer: c
Explanation:
Time value of money supports the comparison of cash flows recorded
at, different time period by discounting and compounding all cash
flows to a common point of time.

Question 28

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Accounting financial management → liquidity decisions

(a)True (b) False
(c) Partial (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
False
It should be → the controller’s responsibilities are primarily – in
nature, while the treasure’s responsibilities are primarily related to
this.

Question 29
Richa borrowed a sum of Rs. 4800 from Ankita as a loan. She
promised Ankita that she will pay it back in two equal
installments. If the rate of interest be 5% per annum
compounded annually, find the amount of each installment.
(a) 14049.28 (b) 2581.46
(c) 24857.61 (d) 14094.28
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given that principal value = 4800
Rate = 5%
Two equal installments annually = 2 years
Applying the formula, P = X/ (1+r/100)n ……………….X/ ( 1+r/100 )
So, we have here two equal installments.
P=X/ (1+r/100)2 + X/ (1+r/100)
4800=X/ (1+5/100)2 + X/ (1+5/100)
On simplifying
We have x= Rs. 2581.46
So, the amount of each installment is Rs. 2581.46

Question 30
A builder borrows Rs. 2550 to be paid back with compound
interest at the rate of 4% per annum by the end of 2 years in two
equal yearly installments. How much will each installment be?
(a) Rs. 1352 (b) Rs. 1377
(c) Rs. 1275 (d) Rs. 1283
Answer: a
Explanation:
Amount = Rs. 2550

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Rate = 4% per annum

Time = 2 years
Applying the formula
P= X/ (1+r/100) n+ …………………..X/ (1+r/100)
Here we have two equal installments, so
1 𝑥
P= 𝑟 2
+ 4
|1+100| |1+100|

= Rs. 1352

Question 31
A man buys a scooter on making a cash down payment of Rs.
16224 and promises to pay two more yearly installment of
equivalent amount in next two years. If the rate of interest is 4%
per annum, compounded yearly, the cash value of the scooter, is
(a) Rs. 40000 (b) Rs. 46824
(c) Rs. 46000 (d) Rs. 50000
Answer: b
Explanation:
Concept used in this question is: you need to calculate principal for
every year unlike simple interest where principal used to be same for
every year.
Let principal (present worth) for first year be P1 and that for two
years be P2
4
16224 = P1[1 + ]
100
16224×25
P1 = = Rs. 15600
26
4 2
Again, 16224 = P2[1 + ]
100
16224×625
P2 = = Rs. 15000
676
The total payment will be (cash down payment + installment paid)
Cash value of the scooter
= Rs. (16224 + 15600 + 15000) = Rs. 46824.

Question 32
The populations of Chandigarh is increase at a rate of 1% for first
year, it decrease at the rate of 4% for the second year and for
third year it again increase at the rate of 5%. Then what will be
the population of Chandigarh are 50000.
(a) Rs. 51006 (b) Rs. 50904

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(c) Rs. 50836 (d) Rs. 51125

Answer: b
Explanation:
Since the rate growth of population is increasing first and then
decreasing for the second year and again it increases for third year,
then the population after T years will be
1 1 4 1 5 1
50,000 × [1 + ] × [1 − ] × [1 + ] = 50904
100 100 100

Question 33
A person bought a new machine. The value of the machine is Rs.
10000. If rate of depreciation is 5 % per annum, then what will be
the value of the machine after 2 years?
(a) Rs. 9025 (b) Rs. 9044
(c) Rs. 9110 (d) Rs. 9080
Answer: a
Explanation:
Here P = Rs. 10000
Rate of depreciation = 5%
T = 2 years
Therefore, the value after 2 years will be = P (1 – R/100) t
5 2
= 10,000 [1 − ]
100
= Rs. 9025.

Question 34
A sum of Rs. 6600 was taken as a loan. This is to be repaid in two
equal annual installments. If the rate of interest be 20%
compounded annually then the value of each installment is
(a) Rs. 4320 (b) Rs.4400
(c) Rs. 2220 (d) Rs. 4420
Answer: a
Explanation:
Present worth of Rs. X due T years hence is given by
𝑋
Present worth (PW) = 𝑅 2
= 6600
(1+100)
𝑋 𝑋
6 + 6 2
= 6600
(5) (5)
5𝑋 25𝑋
+ = 6600
6 36

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55𝑋
= 6600.
36
6600×36
X= = 4320
55

Question 35
Simple interest on a sum at 5% per annum for 2 years is Rs. 60.
The compound interest on the same sum for the same period is
(a) Rs. 62.4 (b) Rs. 61.5
(c) Rs. 62 (d) Rs. 60.5
Answer: b
Explanation:
100×𝑆𝐼
Principal = = Rs. 600
𝑅𝑇
𝑅 𝑇
Compound interest = P(1 + ) -P
100
5 2
= 600 (1 + ) - 600
100
= 661.5 – 600 = Rs. 61.5

Question 36
What will be the amount if a sum of Rs. 10000 is placed at
compound interest for 3 year while rate of interest for the first,
second and third years is 2, 5 and 10 percent, respectively?
(a) 11781 (b) 11244
(c) 11231 (d) 11658
Answer: a
Explanation:
When rates are different for different years, say R1%, R2% and R3%
FOR 1ST, 2ND and 3rd year respectively.
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
A = P(1 + 1 ) (1 + 2 ) (1 + 3 )
100 100 100
2 5 10
Amount after 3 years = 10000 (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + )
100 100 100
102 105 110
= 10000( )( )( )
100 100 100
102×105×11×
= Rs. 11781
10

Question 37
An electronic type writer worth Rs. 12000 deprecates @ 10% P.A.
ultimately it was sold for Rs. 200. Estimate its effective life during
which it was in use?

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(a) 389 (b) 38.9

(c) 3.89 (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
200=12000× (90/100) ^n
1/60 = (9/10) ^n
Apply log both sides, we get
Log (1/60) = n × log (9/10)
-1.7781 = n×-0.0457
38.9 = n
Value of type writer becomes 200 after 38.9 years.

Question 38
An annuity with an extended life is classified as
(a) extended life (b) perpetuity
(c) deferred perpetuity (d) due perpetuity
Answer: b
Explanation:
Perpetuity is a type of annuity that receives an infinite amount of
periodic payments. An annuity is a financial instrument that pays
consistent periodic payment. As with any annuity, the perpetuity
value formula sums the present value of future cash flows.

Question 39
Periodic rate if it is multiplied with per year number of
compounding periods is called
(a) extrinsic rate of return (b) intrinsic rate of return
(c) annual rate of return (d) nominal annual rate
Answer: d
Explanation:
An interest rate is called nominal if the frequency o compounding
(e.g. a month) is not identical to the basic time unit in which the
nominal rate is quoted (normally a year).

Question 40
A deposit of Rs. 100 is placed into a college fund at the beginning
of every month for 10 years. The fund Earns 9% annual interest,
compounded monthly, and paid at end of the month. How much is
in the account right after the last deposit?

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(a) 193751.43 (b) 11244.43

(c) 11231.67 (d) 61658.67
Answer: a
Explanation:
The value of the initial deposit is Rs. 100, so a1 = 100. A total of 120
monthly deposits are made in the 10 years, so n = 120. To find r,
divide the annual interest rate by 12 to find the monthly interest rate
and add 1 to represent the new monthly deposit.
0.09
r= 1 + = 1.0075
12
Substitute a1=100, r = 1.0075
, and n = 120 into the formula for the sum of the first n terms of a
geometric series, and simplify to find the value of the annuity.
100(1−1.0075120
S120 =
1−1.0075
= 19351.73

Question 41
Relationship between annual nominal rate of interest and annual
effective rat6e of interest, if frequency of compounding is greater
than one:
(a) Effective rate>Nominal rate (b) Effective rate < Nominal rate
(c) Effective rate = Nominal rate (d) None of the above
Answer: a
Explanation:
Effective rate > Nominal rate

Past Examination Questions

2018 – MAY
Question 1
Mr. X invests Rs. 10,000 every year starting from today for next: 10 years
suppose interest rate is 8% per annual compounded annually. Calculate
future value of the annuity.
(a) Rs.1,56,454.88 (b) Rs. 1,56,554.88
(c) Rs. 1,44,865.625 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
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Annual Installment (A) = 10,000 A=?

R = 8% p.a.c.i n = 10 years
Future value of Annuity due
𝐴
An,I = [(1 + i)n – 1] (1 + i)
𝐼
10,000
⌊(1 + 0.08)10 − 1⌋(1 + 0.08)
0.08
10,000
⌊(1.08)10 − 1⌋(1 + 0.08)
0.08
1, 56454.88

Question 2
How much amount is required to be invested every year so as to
accumulate Rs. 3, 00, 000 at the end of 10 years, if interest is compounded
annually at 10%?
(a) Rs. 18,823.65 (b) Rs. 18,000
(c) Rs. 18,828.65 (d) Rs. 18,882.65
Answer: a
Explanation:
Annuity (annual installment) = A
Future value An,I = 3, 00,000
R = 10%, n = 10 years
R 10
i= = = 0.1
100 100
𝐴
An, i = [(1 + i)n – 1]
𝐼
𝐴
3, 00,000 = [(1 + 0.1)10 – 1]
0.1
𝐴
= ⌊2.59374 − 1⌋
0.1
𝐴
× 1.59374
0.1
3, 00,000 = A × 15.9374
3,00,000
A= = Rs. 18,823.65
15.9374

Question 3
If Rs. 1,000 be invested at interest rate of 5% and the interest is added to
the principal every 10 years, then the number of years in which it will
amount to Rs. 2,000 is
2 1
(a) 16 years (b) 6 years
3 4
(c) 16 years 2
(d) 6 years
3
Answer: a

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Explanation:
P =1,000, R = 5%p.a.s.i., T = 10 years
𝑃𝑅𝑇 1000×5×10
SI= = = 500
100 100
Amount after 10 years
A=P + S. I. = 1,000 + 500 = 1,500
Now after 10 years P = 1,500, R = 5% k = 2,000, T=?
S.I. = A-P
= 2,000 – 1,500
= 500
𝑆𝐼 500×100 20 2
T= = = = 6 Years
𝑃×𝑅 1500×5 3 3
2
Total time taken = 10 years + 6 years
3
2
=16
3

Question 4
A person borrows Rs. 5,000 for 2 years at 4% per annual simple interest.
𝟏
He immediately lends to another person at 6 %. Per annual for 2 years find
𝟒
his gain in the transaction for year:
(a) 112.50 (b) 225
(c) 125 (d) 107.50
Answer: b
Explanation:
Case – 1
P = 5,000
R = 4% p.a.s.i
T = 2 years
𝑃𝑅𝑇 5000×4×2
SI = = = 400
100 100
Case – 2
P = 5,000
1 25
R = 6 % = % p.a.s.i.
4 4
T = 2 Years
𝑃𝑅𝑇 5000×25
SI = = × 2 = 625
100 100×24
His gain = 625 – 400 = 225

Question 5
If an amount is kept at S.I. it earns an interest of Rs. 600 in first two years
but when kept at compound interest it earns an interest of 660 for the same
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period, then the rate of interest and principal amount respectively are
(a) 20%., Rs. 1,200 (b) 20%, Rs. 1,500
(c) 10%, Rs. 1,200 (d) 10%, Rs. 1,500
Answer: b
Explanation:
Case – 1
Let P = X, R = R, T = 2, S.I. = 600
𝑃𝑅𝑇
SI = =
100
𝑋𝑅2
600 =
100
600×100
XR=
2
XR =30,000
30,000
X= ----- (1)
𝑅
Case – 2
P = X, R, T = 2, C.I = 660
𝑅
C.I. = P [(1 + ) 2 – 1]
100
30,000 𝑅 2
600[ ] [(1 + ) − (1)2 ]
𝑅 100
30,000 𝑅 𝑅
600[ ] [(1 + + 1) (1 + ) − 1]
𝑅 100 100
30,000 𝑅 𝑅
600[ ] [(2 + + 1) (1 + ) − 1]
𝑅 100 100
600 𝑅
[ ] = 2 + [( )]
300 100
𝑅 600
= -2
100 300
𝑅 600×600
=
100 300
𝑅 60
=
100 300
60×100
R= = 20%
300
Putting R = 20% in
30,000
X=
20
X = Rs. 1,500
Hence:
P = x= Rs. 1500
R = 20%p.a.

Question 6
The future value of an annuity Rs. 1,000. Made annually for 5 year the

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interest of 14% compounded annually is:

(a) 5610 (b) 6610
(c) 6160 (d) 5160
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given, Annuity (A) = t 1,000
R = 14%
14
i= = 0.14
100
Future value n = 5
𝐴
An, i= ⌊(1 + 𝑖 )𝑛 − 1⌋
𝐼
1000
⌊(1 + 0.14)5 − 1⌋
0.14
1000
[1.92541 – 1]
0.14
1000
[0.692541]
0.14
Rs. 6,610

2018 – NOV
Question 1
If Rs. 10,000 is invested at 8% per year compound quarterly, then the value
of the investment after 2 years is [given (1 + 0.2)8 = 1.171]
(a) 11,716.59 (b) 10,716.59
(c) 117.1659 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
8%
Given P = 10,000, R =
4
R = 2% Quarterly
T = 2×4 = 8Quarter
Value of investment after ‘T, years
𝑅 𝑇
A = P [1 + ]
100
2 8
10,000[1 + ]
100
10,000(1+0.02)8
10,000× (1.02)8
10,000×1.171659
11,716.59

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Question 2
A bank pays 10% rate of interest; interest being calculated half yearly. A
sum of Rs. 400 is deposited in the bank. The amount at the end of 1 year
will be
(a) 440 (b) 439
(c) 441 (d) 442
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given principal (P) = 400
R = 10%p.a.
T = 1 year
Amount after T years
𝑅 𝑇
A = P [1 + ]
100
10 1
= 400[1 + ]
100
= 400(1.1)
= 440

Question 3
A Certain money doubles itself in 10 years. When deposited on simple
interest. It would triple itself in_________
(a) 20 Years (b) 15 years
(c) 25 years (d) 30 years
Answer: a
Explanation:
Case – 1
Let Principal (P) = 100, Amount (A) = 200, R =? T = 10 Years
S. I. = A – P
= 200 – 100
= 100
𝑆𝐼 ×100
R=
𝑃 ×𝑇
100×100
=
100×10
R = 10%
Case – II
Let Principal (P) = 100
Amount (A) = 300
(T) = 10 Years
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S.I. = A-P
= 300 – 100 = 200
𝑆𝐼×100
T=
𝑃×𝑅
200 ×100
= 20 Years
100 ×10
SHORTCUT
A B c
10 Years 10 years
100 200 300

Question4
A man deposited at 8,000 in a bank for 3 years at 5% per annum compound
interest, after 3 years he will get
(a) 8,800 (b) 9,261
(c) 9,200 (d) 9,000
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given
P = 8000
R = 5% p.a.
T = 3 years
𝑅 𝑇
A = P[1 + ]
100
5 3
= 8000[1 + ]
100
= 8000(1.05)3
= 8,000×1.05×1.05×1.05
= 9261

Question5
If in two years’ time a principal of Rs. 100 amounts to Rs. 121 when the
interest at the rate of r% is compounded annually, then the value of r will
be
(a) 10.5 (b) 10%
(c) 15 (d) 14
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given,
Principal (P) = Rs. 100
Amount (A) = Rs. 121

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Rate R = r% p.a.
Time T = 2 year
The amount after ‘’T’’ year
𝑅 𝑇
A = P [1 + ]
100
𝑟 2
121 = 100[1 + ]
100
121 𝑟 2
= ⌊1 + ⌋
100 100
11 2 𝑟 2
( ) = [1 + ]
10 100
On comparing
11 𝑟
=1+
10 100
11 𝑟
-1=
10 100
1 𝑟
=
10 100
100
r=
10
r= 10%

Question6
A certain sum of money Q was deposited for 5 year and 4 months 4.5%
simple interest and amounted to Rs 248, and then the value of Q is
(a) 200 (b) 210
(c) 220 (d) 240
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given Principal (P)
R=x
T = 4.5%
= 5 years 4 month
4
= 5 years + years
12
1
= 5 years + years
3
1
= 5 years
3
16
= years
3
Amount after T years
A = P + S.I.
𝑃𝑅𝑇
A = P+
100

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𝑋×45×16
A = X+
1000×3
24𝑋
248 = X+
100
124X = 24800
24800
X= = 200
124

Question 7
A man invests an amount of Rs. 15,860 in the names of his three sons A,B
and C in such a way that they get the same amount after 2,3 and 4 years
respectively. If the rate of interest is 5%, then the ratio of amount invested
in the name of A, B and C is A.
(a) 6: 4: 3 (b) 3: 4: 6
(c) 30: 12: 5 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Total amount invested = {15,860
Amount Invested into three persons (son’s) A, B, C.
Let
Amount Invest in the Name of A = Rs. X
Amount Invest in the Name of B = Rs. Y
Amount Invest in the Name of C = Rs. Z
Then
Case – 1 For A
P = Rs. X, A = 5% T = 2 years
p R T X ×5 ×2 10X
(S.I.) 1 = 1 1 1 = =
100 100 100
Case – 2 for B
P2 = Rs. Y, R2 = 5%, T2 = 3 years
𝑃 𝑅 𝑇 𝑌 ×5×3 15𝑌
(S.I.) 2 = 2 2 2 = =
100 100 100
Case – 3 for C
P3 = t z, R3 = 5%, T3 = 4 years
𝑃 𝑅 𝑇 𝑍 ×5 ×4 20𝑍
(S. I.)3 = 3 3 3 = =
100 100 100
Given (S. I.)1 = (S. I.)2 = (S. I.)3
10𝑋 15𝑌 20𝑍
= =
100 100 100
10X = 15Y = 20Z = K
10X = K, 15Y = K, 20Z = K
𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
X= ,y= ,z=
10 15 20

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𝑘 𝑘 𝑘
X: y: z = : :
10 15 20
1 1 1 1 1 1
: : = 60× :60× : 60×
10 15 20 10 15 20
6:4:3

Question 8
If the difference between the compound interest compounded annually and
simple interest on a certain amount at 10% per annum for two years is 372,
then the principal amount is
(a) 37,200 (b) 37,000
(c) 37,500 (d) None of the above
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑅 2
For two year C.I. - S.I. = P ( )
100
10 2
372 = P( )
100
372 P (0.1)2
372 372
P = (0.1)2 = × 100
001
= 37,200

Question 9
What is the net present value of piece of property which would be valued at
2 lakh at end of 2 years? (Annual rate of increase = 5%)
(a) 1.81 lakh (b) 2.01 lakh
(c) 2.00 lakh (d) None of the above
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let, Present value (P) = P
A = Rs. 2, 00,000
A = 5%
𝑅 𝑇
A= P[1 + ]
100
5 2
2, 00,000 = P[1 + ]
100
2, 00,000 = P (1.05)2
2,00,000 2,00,000
P = (1.05)2 =
1.1025
= 1, 81,405.896
= 1.81lakhs

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Question 10
The effective rate of interest for one-year deposit corresponding to a
nominal 7% rate of interest per annum convertible quarterly is:
(a) 7% (b) 7.5%
(c) 7.4% (d) 7.18%
Answer: (D)
Explanation:
7
Given R = % Quarterly = 1.75%
4
T = 1 x 4 Quarterly
= 4 Quarterly
𝑅 𝑇
Effective Rate (E) = [(1 + ) − 1] × 100%
100
1.75 4
[(1 + ) − 1] × 100%
100
[(1 + 0.0175)4 - 1] × 100%
[(1.0175)4] × 100%
[1.07185 – 1] × 100%
0.0718 × 100%
= 7.18%

Question 11
How much will Rs. 25,000 amount to in 2 years at Compound interest if the
rates for the successive years are 4% and 5% per year?
(a) 27,300 (b) 27,000
(c) 27,500 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given principal (P) = 25000
R1 = 4%
R2 = 5%
T = 2 years
Amount after ‘Rs’ years
𝑅1 1 𝑅2 1
A = P[1 + ] [1 + ]
100 100
4 1 5 1
A = 25000[1 + ] [1 + ]
100 100
1 1
= 25000(1 + ) (1 + )
25 20
26 21
= 25000( )×( )
25 20
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= 27300

Question 12
Rs.8000 /- at 10% per annum interest compounded half yearly will become
at the end of one year.
(a) Rs. 8800 (b) Rs. 8820
(c) Rs. 8900 (d) Rs. 9600
Answer: b
Explanation:
10
Given P = 8000, R = % = 5%, T = 1×2h.y, T = 2
2
𝑅 𝑇
A = P[1 + ]
100
5 2
= 8000[1 + ]
100
21 2
= 8000[ ]
20
21 21
= 8000× ×
20 20
= 20 × 21 × 21
= 8820

Question13
The value of furniture depreciates by 10% a year, it the present value of the
furniture in an office is Rs. 21,870, calculated the value of furniture 3 year
ago
(a) 30,000/- (b) 35,000/-
(c) 40,000/- (d) 50,000/-
Answer: a
Explanation:
Present value of furniture (A) = 21,870/-
Rate of Depreciation (R) = 10%
Time T = 3 year ago
Value of furniture 3 year ago = P
Scrap value after T years
𝑅 𝑇
A = P [1 − ]
100
10 3
21,870 = P [1 − ]
100
21,870 = P (0.9)3
21,870
P= = 30,000
0.729

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2019 – MAY
Question1
A sum was invested for 3 years as per C.I and the rate of interest for first
year is 9%, 2nd year is 6% and 3rd year is 3% p.a. respectively. Find the sum
if the amount in three years is ‘550?
(a) Rs. 250 (b) Rs. 300
(c) Rs. 462.16 (d) Rs. 350
Answer: c
Explanation:
Assuming (C) as option 1st year
A = P (1+i) n
A = 462.16(1+0.09)2
= 462.16(1.09)
503.7544
2ND year
A = 503.75(1+0.06)1
= 503.75(1.06)
533.975
149.99 Or 150
By taking 462.16 as our principal amount is matched as 550/-

Question 2
If pi2 =Rs.96 and R = 8% compounded annually then P = -------.
(a) 14,000 (b) 15,000
(c) 16,000 (d) 17,000
Answer: b
Explanation:
Pi2 = Rs.96
R = 8%
P × (8%) 2 = 96
P × 64% = 96
96
P=
64%
96
P=
0.64
96×100×100
P=
8×6
P = 15000

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Question 3
𝟏 𝑷𝑹𝑻
P = ‘5,000 R = 15% T= 4 using I = then I will be
𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟎
(a) 3,375 (b) 3,300
(c) 3,735 (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑃𝑇𝑅
I=
100
4.5 15
= 5000× ×
α 100
= 3375

Question 4
A sum of money amounts to 6,200 in 2 years and 7,400 in 3 years and as per
S.I. then the principal is.
(a) 3,000 (b) 3,500
(c) 3,800 (d) None of these
Answer: c
Explanation:
A2 = 6200 → P + P × R × T = 6200
A3 = 7400 → P [1 + 2R] = 6200
P + P × R × T = 7400
P [1 + 3R] = 7400
P = 3800

Question 5
The effective rate of interest does not depend upon
(a) Amount of Principal (b) Amount of interest
(c) Number of Conversion (d) None of these
periods
Answer: a
Explanation:
The Effective Rate of interest does not depend upon amount of principal

Question 6
In simple interest if the principal is ‘2,000 and the rate and time are the
Roots of the equations x2 –11x + 30 = 0 then the simple interest is ---------
(a) 500 (b) 600
(c) 700 (d) 800
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Answer: b
Explanation:
P = 2000
R? T?
X2 – 11X + 30 = 0
X2 – 6X – 5X + 30 = 0
X[X-6]-5 [X-6] = 0
(X-5) = 0 X = 5
(X-6)=0 X=6
R=5 ,T=6
𝑃×𝑅×𝑇 5
= 2000 × ×6
100 100
= 600

Question7
The certain sum of money became ‘692/- in 2 yrs and ‘800/- in 5 years then
the principal Amount is -------
(a) 520 (b) 620
(c) 720 (d) 820
Answer: b
Explanation:
2nd year = 692, 5th year = 800
Taking out difference
5th year -2nd year = 800-692
3yr = 108
108
Int. for 1 year = = 36
3
Now to calc. principle
=692-2 × Int
=692-2 × 36
= 692-72 = 620

Question 8
Determine the present value of perpetuity of Rs. 50,000 per month @ Rate
of interest 12% p.a. is -------
(a) Rs. 45,00,000 (b) 50,00,000
(c) Rs. 55,00,000 (d) 60,00,000
Answer: b
Explanation:
Answer is b

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I = (r/100)÷time
PVA =p/i
i = (12/100)÷ 12 months = 0.01
PVA = 50,000/0.01 = 50,00,000

Question 9
A person wants to lease out a machine costing Rs. 5, 00,000 for a 10 year
period. It has fixed a rental of Rs. 51,272 per annum payable annually
starting from the end of first year. Suppose rate of interest is 10% per
annum, compounded annually on which money can be invested. To whom
this agreement is favorable?
(a) Favour for lessee (b) Favour for lessor
(c) Not for both (d) Can’t be determined
Answer: a
Explanation:
The Calculating Present value for lease
(1+𝑖)−𝑛 − 1
A=P[ ]
𝑖
(1+0.1)−10 −1
A = 21,272 [ ]
0.1
(1.1)−10 −1
= 51,272[ ]
0.1
A = 315,044
Now by lessee total cost incurred today will be 3, 15,044 & cost of machine is 5,
00,000
So we will prefer lessee

Question10
Let a person invest a fixed sum at the end of each month in an account
paying interest 12% per year compounded monthly. It the future value of
this annuity after the 12th payment is Rs. 55,000 then the amount invested
every month is?
(a) Rs. 4, 837 (b) Rs. 4,637
(c) Rs. 4,337 (d) Rs. 3337
Answer: c
Explanation:
(1+𝑖)𝑛 − 1
FV = C × [ ]
𝑖
(1+0.01)12 − 1
55000 = C × [ ]
0.12
= 4337

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Question 11
A machine depreciates in value each year at 10% of its previous value and
the end of 4th year value is Rs. 131220. Find the original value:
(a) Rs. 2,00,000 (b) Rs. 2,02,000
(c) Rs. 2,01,000 (d) Rs. 2,03,000
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let value of the machine at the start was 100. Now, depreciate the value by 10%
and 5% alternatively.
100 == 10% ==> 90 ==5% == 85.5 == 10% ==> 76.96 ==5% ==> 73.10 (at the
end of 4th year.)
Now, comparing,
73.10 = 146205
1 = 146205/73.10
100 = (146205×100)/73.10 = 2, 00,006. (Approx).
So, value at the start = Rs. 200000

2019 – NOV
Question1
A man invests Rs. 12,000 at 10% p.a. and another sum of money at 20% p.a.
for one year. The total investment earns at 14% p.a. simple interest the
total investment is:
(a) Rs 8,000 (b) Rs. 20,000
(c) Rs. 14,000 (d) Rs. 16,000
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Let the another sum of money be x
So total investment Rs. (12,000 + x)
𝑃×𝑅×𝑇
SI =
100
According to question
12,000×10×1 𝑥×20×1 14
+ = (12,000 + x) × ×1
100 100 100
1, 20,000 + 20x = 1, 68,000 + 14x
6x = Rs. 48,000
X = Rs. 8,000
So total investment

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= Rs. (12,000 + x)
= Rs. (12,000 + 8000)
= Rs. 20,000

Question 2
Let the two rates of interest be r1%, r2%
(a) 0.4 (b) 4
(c) 0.004 (d) 18
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
𝑃×𝑅×𝑇
SI =
100
According to question
(SI) 1 – (SI)2 = 18
𝑟 𝑟
1500 × 1 × 3 – 1500 × 2 ×3 = 8
(100) (100)
4500
(100)
(r1 – r2) = 18
(r1 – r2) = 0.4
So, the difference in their rates is 0.4.

Question 3
Find the effective rate of interest on payable half yearly at 5% p.a.
(a) 5.06% (b) 4%
(c) 0.4% (d) 3%
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Here, R = 5% T = 1 yrs.
Since interest is payable half yearly
5
R = % and T = 1 × 2 = 2 Year
2
𝑅 𝑇
= [(1 + ) − 1] × 100
100
5 2
= [(1 + ) − 1]× 100
2×100
= [(1.025) - 1] × 100
2

= [0.050625] × 100
= 5.0625%
= 5.06% (Approx.)

Question 4

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Find the effective rate of interest at 10% p.a. when interest is payable
quarterly.
(a)10.38% (b) 5%
(c) 5.04% (d) 4%
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Here; R = 10% T = 1 year
Since interest is payable quarterly
10%
R= T = 1 x 4 years
4
𝑟 𝑇
= [(1 + ) − 1] × 100
100
10 4
= [(1 + ) − 1] × 100
4×100
= [(1.025)4 – 1] × 100
= 10.38%

Question 5
What will be the population after 3 years when present populations is Rs.
25,000 and populations increase at the rate of 3% in 1 year, at 4% in II
year, and at 5% in III year?
(a) Rs. 28,119 (b) Rs. 29,118
(c) Rs. 27,000 (d) Rs. 30,000
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
When population increase at the rate of r1% in 1st year, r2 % in IInd year and r3%
in IIIrd year.
Population after’ years is given by
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
A = P (1 + 1 ) (1 + 2 ) (1 + 3 )
100 100 100
Here, P = 25,000
𝑟1 = 3%, r2 = 4% r3 = 5%
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
Population after 3 years = 25,000 (1+ ) (1 + ) (1+ )
100 100 100
= 28119

Question6
The value of scooter is Rs. 10,000 find its value after 7 years if rate of
depreciation is 10% p.a.
(a) 4,782.96 (b) 4,278.69
(c) 42,079 (d) 42,000

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Answer: a
Explanation:
We know
R T
A = P (1 − )
100
Where, A scrap value
P Present value
R Rate of depreciation
T time
Here P = 10,000, R = 10%, T = 7 years
10 7
A = 10,000 (1 − )
100
A = 4782.96
So value of scooter is 4782.96 after 7 years

Question 7
SI = 0.125P at 10% p.a. Find time.
(a) 1.25 years (b) 25 years
(c) 0.25 years (d) None
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
We know,
𝑝×𝑅×𝑇
SI =
100
Here, SI = 0.125P R = 10%
Put these values in the above formula
10
0.125 P = P × ×T
100
0.125𝑃 ×100
T=
10×𝑃
= 10 × 0.125
T = 1.25 Years

Question 8
Scrap value of a machine valued at 10, 00,000, after 10 years within
depreciation at 10% p.a.
(a) 348678.44 (b) 33,84,679.45
(c) 4,00,000 (d) 3,00,000
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
We Know,

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𝑅 𝑇
A = P (1 − )
100
Where A => Scrap value after ‘t’ years.
P => Present value R => Rate of depreciation
Here, P = Rs. 10, 00,000, R = 10%, T = 10 Years
10 10
A = 10, 00,000 (1 − ) = 348678.44
100
So value of machine after 10 year will be 348678.44

Question 9
The difference between CI and SI for 2 years is 21. If rate of Interest 5%
find principal
(a) Rs. 8400 (b) Rs.4800
(c) Rs. 8,000 (d) Rs. 8,200
Answer:(a)
Explanation:
𝑅 𝑇 𝑃×𝑅×𝑇
CI = P [(1 + ) − 1] SI=
100 100
𝑅 2 𝑃×5×2
CI = P [(1 + ) − 1] SI=
100 100
CI= P |1.1025 − 1|
CI= P (0.1025)
21= 0.0025 P
21
P = Rs. = Rs. 8400
0.0025
So principal is 8400

Question 10
Present value of a scooter is Rs. 7,290 if its value decreases every year by
10% then its value before 3 years is equal to:
(a) 10,000 (b) 10,500
(c) 20,000 (d) 20,500
Answer:(a)
Explanation:
Let the value of the scooter be Rs. X before 3 years
Before three years, A (scrap value after 3 year) = Rs. 7,290
R = 10% (dep rate)
T = 3 years
𝑅 𝑇
A = P (1 − )
100

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𝑅 3
7,290 = P (1 − )
100
P = Rs. 10,000

DEC - 2020
Question 1
On what sum will the compound interest at 5% p.a. for 2 years compounded
annually be Rs.3, 280
(a) Rs. 16,000 (b) Rs. 32,000
(c) Rs. 48,000 (d) Rs. 64,000
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let the sum be Rs. X
We Know that:
𝑅 𝑛
= 𝑃 (1 + ) −𝑃
100
𝑅 𝑛
= 𝑃 (1 + ) −1
100
𝑅 𝑛
3280= x [(1 + ) − 1]
100
3280 = 𝑥[1.05 − 1]
2

3280
𝑥=
0.1025
𝑥 = 32,000

Question 2
What sum of money will produce Rs.42, 800 as an interest in 3 years and 3
months at 2.5% p.a. simple interest?
(a) Rs.3,78,000 (b) Rs.5,26,769
(c) Rs.4,22,000 (d) Rs.2,24,000
Answer: b
Explanation:
We know I=P×it
2.5 3
42,800 = P × ×3
100 12
P = 5, 26,769

Question 3
An amount P becomes Rs.5, 100.5 and Rs.5, 203 after second and fourth

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years respectively, at r% of interest per annum compounded annually.

Thus, values of P and r are
(a) Rs.5,000 and 1 (b) Rs.4,000 and 1.5
(c) Rs.6,000 and 2 (c) Rs.5,500 and 3
Answer: a
Explanation:
By option a
5000 as P & 1% = r
For 2 year
5000 +1%+1% = 5100.5
For 4 year
5000+1%+1% +1% +1% = 5203

Question 4
A certain sum invested at 4% per annum compounded semi-annually
amounts to Rs.1, 20,000 at the end of one year. Find the sum
(a) 1,10,120 (b) 1,15,340
(c) 1,12,812 (d) 1,13,113
Answer: b
Explanation:
An= 1,20,000
n=2×1 = 2
i= 4×1/2% = 2%=0.02
P(in Rs )= ?
We have An = P(1+0.02)2
1,20,000 = P(1.02)2
=1,15,340

Question 5
Rs. 2,500 is paid every year for 10 years to pay off a loan. What is the loan
amount if interest rate be 14% per annum compounded annually?
(a) 13,040.27 (b) 15,847.90
(c) 14,674.21 (d) 16,345.11
Answer: a
Explanation:
V=A.P.(n,i)
Here A=Rs.25,00
n=10
i=0.14

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V=2,500×P(10,0.14)
=2,500×5.21611=Rs. 13,040.27
Therefore the loan amount is RS. 13,040.27

Question 6
The ratio of principal and the compound interest value for three years
(compounded annually) is 216: 127. The rate of interest is
(a) 0.1567 (b) 0.1777
(c) 0.1667 (d) 0.1588
Answer: c
Explanation:
Le the principal be P, then
Compound interest, CI :
p 216
=
CI 127

127
 CI = P
216
R T
CI = P [1 + ] -P
100
127 R 3
 P = P [1 + ] –P
216 100

127 R 3
➔ = (1 + ) –1
216 100

127 R 3
➔ + 1 = (1 + )
216 100

343 R 3
➔ = (1 + )
216 100

1
R 343 3
➔1 + = ( )
100 216

R 7
➔1 + =
100 6

R 7
➔ = –1
100 6

1
➔ R = × 100
6

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➔ R = 16.67% = 0.1667

Hence, 16.67% (Option C) is correct.

Question 7
Find the present value of Rs.1, 00,000 be required after 5 years if the rate of
interest is 9% given that (1.09)5 = 1.5386
(a) 78,995.98 (b) 64,994.20
(c) 88,992.43 (d) 93,902.12
Answer: b
Explanation:
Here i = 0.09 = 9%
n= 5
An= 10,000
𝐴𝑛
Required present value = (1+𝑖) 𝑛
1,00,000
=
(1 + 0.09)5
Rs. 64,994.20

Question 8
Suppose you deposit Rs.900 per month into an account that pays 14.8%
interest compounded monthly. How much money will you get after 9
months?
(a) Rs.8,511 (b) Rs.9,000
(c) Rs.9,200 (d) Rs.1,000
Answer: a
Explanation:
9
Here, P = Rs. 900 , R= 14.8% and T = = ¾
12
3/4
R
A = P (1 + )
100
14.8 3/4
A = P (1 + )
100
A = 8,511

Question 9
An amount is lent at a nominal rate of 4.5% per annum compounded
quarterly. What would be the gain in rupees over when compounded
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annually?
(a) 0.56 (b) 0.45
(c) 0.76 (d) 0.85
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let the principal be Rs. 1 and rate is 4.5% per annum
Compounded Annually:-
𝑟 𝑛
A = P (1 + )
100
Compounded Quarterly:-
𝑟 4𝑛
A = P (1 + )
100
4.5 1 104.5
A = 1(1 + ) = = 1.04500
100 100
4.5 4 104.5
A = 1 (1 + ) = = 1.04500
100 100
Gain = 0.00076
Now, gain for Rs. 1 = 0.00076
Gain for Rs. 1000 = 0.76

Question 10
Determine the present value of perpetuity Rs.10 per month for infinite
period at an effective rate of interest of 14% p.a.?
(a) Rs.657 (b) Rs.757
(c) Rs.857 (d) Rs.957
Answer: c
Explanation:
(𝑟/100)
i=
𝑇
10
PVA=
0.01166
(14/100)
i=
12
=857

Question 11
Which of the following statement is true?
(a) F.V of ordinary annuity < (b) F.V of ordinary annuity >
F.V of annuity due F.V of annuity due
(c) P.V of ordinary annuity > (d) None of these
P.V of annuity due
Answer: a

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Explanation:
F.V of ordinary annuity < F.V of annuity due

JAN - 2021
Question 1
A certain sum amounted to Rs. 575 at 5% in a tie which Rs. 750 amounted
to Rs. 840 at 4% if the rate of interest is simple, find the sum.
(a) Rs. 525 (b) Rs. 550
(c) Rs. 515 (d) Rs. 500
Answer: d
Explanation:
90×100
Time = = 3 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
750×4
100 × A
Sum =
100 + rt
100 × 575
= 500
100 + 3 × 5
There is a direct relationship between the principal and the amount and is given
by SUM = (100*Amount)/(100+rt)

Question 2
Find the amount of compound interest, if an amount of Rs. 50,000 is
deposited in a bank for one year at the rate of 8% per annum compounded
semiannually.
(a) Rs. 3,080 (b) Rs. 4,080
(c) Rs. 5,456 (d) Rs. 7,856
Answer: b
Explanation:
It is given that
Principal (P) = 50000
Rate of interest (r) = 8% p.a. = 4% semi-annually
1
Period (n)= years = 2 semi-annually
2
We know that
Amount = P(1+r/100)n
Substituting the values
= 50000(1+4/100)2
By further calculation
= 50000(26/25)2

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26 26
= 50000 × ×
25 25
= 54,080
Here
Compound interest = A - P
Substituting the values
= 54,080−50000
= 4,080

Question 3
The population of a town increases by 2% of the population of the
beginning of that year. The number of years by which the total increase in
population would be 40% is
(a) 7 years (b) 10 years
(c) 17 years (approx.) (d) 19 years (approx...)
Answer: c
Explanation:
let’s assume that the initial population was P
now after a year population will be
2
= P [1 + ]
100
=P(102/100)
=1.02P
Similarly after 2 years population will be
=1.02 x 1.02 x P
So after n number of years population will be
=P x (1.02n)
now this population should be equal to P+40%P, so
1.4P=P x (1.02n)
1.4=1.02n
1.0217=1.02n
so n=17
that means after 17 years the total increase in the population will be 40% of that
of initial population.

Question 4
Find the future value of annuity of Rs. 1,000 made annually for 7 years at
interest rate of 14% compounded annually [Given that 1.147 = 2.5023)
(a) Rs. 10,730.7 (b) Rs. 5,365.35
(c) Rs. 8,756 (d) Rs. 9,892.34

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Answer: a
Explanation:
Annual Payment A= Rs. 1000
n= 7
i= 14% = 0.14
(1+1.014)7 −1
A(7, 0.14) = 1000 [ ] = 10,730.7
0.14

Question 5
Two equal amounts of money and deposited in two banks each at 15% p.a.
fix 3.5 years in the bank and fix 5 years in the either. The difference
between the interest amounts from the banks in Rs. 144 find the sum.
(a) Rs. 62 (b) Rs. 640
(c) Rs. 820 (d) Rs. 840
Answer: b
Explanation:
144 × 100
= 640
(5 − 3.5) × 15

Question 6
The simple Interest on a sum at 4% p.a. for two years is Rs. 80. Find the
compound interest on the same sum for the same period.
(a) Rs. 81.6 (b) Rs. 80.8
(c) Rs. 83.2 (d) Rs. 82.3
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑃𝑇𝑅 80×100
SI = = = 1000
100 8
In CI with rate of interest = 4% and time = 2years
104 104
Amount = 1000 × × = 1081.6
100 100
CI = A - P = 1081.6-1000 = 81.6

Question 7
Which is a better investment 9% p.a. compounded quarterly or 9.1% p.a.
simple interest?
(a) 9% compounded (b) 9.1% S.I
(c) Both are same (d) Cannot be said
Answer: a
Explanation:
The better investment in the sense of more interest will be 9.0% compounded
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quarterly. The formulas are

1. Future value = Principal x (1 + i)t when the interest is compounded annually,
and investment will be multiplied by (1 + I)t, but in this case, t = 1, so the
multiplier will be 1 + .0925 = 1.0925.

Question8
The effective rate of interest corresponding to nominal rate of 7% p.a.
compounded quarterly is.
(a) 7.5% (b) 7.6%
(c) 7.7% (d) 7.18%
Answer: d
Explanation:
r = 7% p.a. i.e. 1.75% per quarter (7/4).
So 1+reff = (1.0175)4 = 1.071859
implies reff. = 7.1859

Question 9
Assuming that the discount rate is 7% p.a. how much would you pay to
receive Rs. 200, growing at 5% annually forever?
(a) Rs. 2,500 (b) Rs. 5,000
(c) Rs. 7,500 (d) Rs. 10,000
Answer: d
Explanation:
200 200
= = 10,000
0.07 − 0.05 0.02

Question 10
A man invested one-third of his capital at 7% one-fourth at 8% and the
remainder at 10% if the annual income is Rs. 5610, the capital is
(a) Rs. 4,400 (b) Rs. 5,500
(c) Rs. 6,600 (d) Rs. 5,800
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let the total capital be x. Then
𝑥 7 𝑥 8 5𝑥 10
( × × 1) + ( × × 1) + ( × × 1) = 5610
3 100 4 100 12 100
7𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
= + + = 5610
300 50 24
= 51𝑥 = (5610 × 600)

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5610 × 600
x=( )
51

Question 11
A sum of money is lent at compound interest rate 20% p.a. two years. It
would fetch Rs. 482 more if the interest is compounded half-yearly. Then
the sum is.
(a) Rs. 19,800 (b) Rs. 19,900
(c) Rs. 20,000 (d) Rs. 20,100
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let the sum of money lent out be Rs. x
In the 1st case:
20 2 36𝑥 𝑟 𝑛
𝐴1 = 𝑅𝑠 𝑥 (1 + ) = 𝑅𝑠. ∴ 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + )
100 25 100
20 2×2 14641𝑥 𝑟 𝑛×2
𝐴2 = 𝑅𝑠 𝑥 (1 + ) = 𝑅𝑠. ∴ 𝐴 = 𝑃 (1 + ) (half yearly)
100×2 10000 2×100
According to the question
14641𝑥 36𝑥
− = 482
10000 25
14641𝑥 − 14400𝑥
= = 482
10000
= 241x = 4820000
= x= 20000
∴The sum of money lent out = Rs.20,000

Question 12
Rs. 800 is invested at the end of each month in an account paying interest
5% per year compounded monthly. What is the future value of his annually
after tenth payment?
(Given that 1.00510 = 1.0511)
(a) Rs. 4,444 (b) Rs. 8,756
(c) Rs. 3,491 (d) Rs. 8,176
Answer: d
Explanation:
A = Rs. 800
n= 10
5
i= 5%p.a. = 5/12 = → 0.00416
1200
Future value of annuity after 10 months is given by

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1+i)n −1
A(n,i) = A [ ]
i
1+0.00416)10 −1
A (10,0.4167)= 800 [ ]
0.00416
= Rs. 8,176

Question 13
When ‘i’ denote the actual rate of interest in decimal, and n denote the
number of conversion periods, the formula for computing the effective rate
of interest E is given by.
(a) (1 + 𝑖 )𝑛 (b) (1 + 𝑖 )𝑛 − 1
(c) 1 – (1 + 𝑖 )𝑛 (d) (1 + 𝑖 )−𝑛
Answer: b
Explanation:
(1 + 𝑖 )𝑛 − 1

Question 14
The present value of an Annuity immediate is the same as
(a) Annuity regular for (n – 1) years (b) Annuity regular for (n – 1)
plus the initial receipt in the years initial receipt in the
beginning of the period. beginning of the period.
(c) Annuity regular for (n + 1) years. (d) Annuity regular for (n + 1)
years plus the initial receipt in
the beginning of the period.
Answer: a
Explanation:
Annuity regular for (n – 1) years plus the initial receipt in the beginning of the
period.

July – 2021
Question 1
A sum of ₹ 7500 amounts to ₹ 9075 at 10% p.a., interest being compounded
yearly in a certain time. The simple interest (in ₹) on the same sum for the
same time and the same rate is
(a) 1000 (b) 1250
(c) 1800 (d) 1500
Answer: Options (d)
Given
P = 7,500 A = 9,075
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R = 10% T = ?
Amount After `T’ years
𝑅 𝑇
A = p (1 + )
100
10 𝑇
9,075 = 7,500 (1 + )
100
9,075
= (1.1)𝑇
7,500
121
= (1.1)𝑇
100
1.21(1.1)𝑇
(1.1)2 = (1.1)𝑇
On comparing
T = 2 years
Now simple interest
𝑃𝑅𝐼 7500 ×2 ×10
S.I. =
100 100
= 1500

Question 2
A loan of ₹ 1, 02,000 is to be paid back in two equal annual instalments. If
the rate of interest is 4% p.a., compounded annually, then the total interest
charged (in ₹) under this instalment plan is
(a) 6160 (b) 8120
c) 5980 (d) 7560
Answer: Options (a)
Here
Loan Annual (A) = Rs. 1,02,000
R = 4%
T = 2 years
Let Amount Installments be x
(i. e. A1 = A2 = x)
𝑅 𝑇
A1 = P1 (1 + )
100
4 2
𝑋 = P1 (1 + )
100
1.04
𝑋 = P1 (1 + )
100
100 25
P1 = x × =𝑥 ×
104 26

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Similarly
25 2
P2 ( ) 𝑥
26
Now
P1 + P1 = 1,02,000
25 25 2
𝑥 + ( ) 𝑥 = 1,02,000
26 26
25 25
𝑥 × [1 + ] = 1,02,000
26 26
25 51
𝑥 × = 1,02,000
26 26
1,02,000 × 26 × 26
𝑥=
25 × 51
X = 54, 080
Total money paid in 2 installments
= 54,080 + 54,080
= Rs 1,08,160
Total interest to be paid
= Rs. 1,08,160 – 1,02,000
= Rs 6,160

Question 3
If the desired future value after 5 years with 18% interest rate is ₹
1,50,000, then the present value (in ₹) is (Given that (1.18)5 = 2.2877)
(a) 63,7 2 (b) 65,568
(c) 53,712 (d) 41,712
Answer: Options (b)
65,568 + 18% + 18% + 18% + 18% + 18% = 1, 50,000 (approx.)

Question 23
What is the Compound interest (in ₹) on a sum of ₹ 12,600 for 1 ½ years at
20% per annum if the interest is compounded half yearly? (Nearest to a
Rupee)
(a) 4271 (b) 4171
(c) 4711 (d) 4117
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
Given
P = 12600
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n = 112 Years = 3 Years

20
r = = 10 %
2

We know that
𝑟 𝑛
A = P (1 + )
100

10 3
= 12,600 (1 + )
100
11 11 11
= 12,600 × × ×
10 10 10
1331
= 126 ×
10
167706
=
10

A = 16770.6
Now,
CI = A – P
= 16770.6 – 12600
= 4171 (Approx.)
Question 4
A sum of ₹ x amounts to ₹ 27,900 in 3 years and to ₹ 41,850 in 6 years at a
certain rate percent per annum, when the interest is compounded yearly.
The value of is
(a) 16080 (b) 18600
(c) 18060 (d) 16800
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
Let the principal b r x and after three years, it becomes Rs. 27,900 and after 6
years it becomes 41,850
27,900 41,850
➔ =
x 27,900
27,900 × 27,900
➔X =
41,850
➔ X = 81,600

Question 5
If the normal rate of growth is 17% and inflation is 9% for the five years.
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Let P be the Gross Domestic Product (GPD) amount at the present year then
the projected real GDP after 6 years is
(a) 1.587 P (b) 1.921 P
(c) 1.403 P (d) 2.15 P
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation:
Growth is 17%
Inflation is 9%
Net Growth = 8%
Taking P = 100, T = 6 year, R = 8%
100 + 8% + 8% + 8% + 8% + 8% + 8% = 158.687
1.587 P = 100
1.587 × 100 = 158.7 (Approx.)

Question 6
If a person bought a house by paying ₹ 45,00,000 down payment and ₹
80,000 at the end of each year till the perpetuity assuming the rate of
interest as 16%, the present value of house (in ₹) is given as
(a) 47,00,000 (b) 45,00,000
(c) 57,80,000 (d) 50,00,000
Answer: Options (d)
Down payment = Rs 45,00,000
Annual installments (A) = Rs 80,000
R = 16% I = 0.16
For perpetuity n = ∞
A
V = [1 − (1 + i)−n ]
i
80,000
V= [1 − (0.16)−∞ ]
0.16
80,000
= [1 − (1.16)−∞ ]
0.16
= 5,00,000 [1-0]
Present value of the house
= 45,00,000 + 5,00,000
= Rs. 50,00,000

Question 7
Let the operating profit of a manufacturer for five years given as:
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6
Operating
profit {in lakh 90 100 106.4 107.14 120.24 157.35
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₹}
Then the operating profit of Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for
year 6 with respect to years 2 is given at
(a) 9% (b) 12%
(c) 11% (d) 13%
Answer: Options (b)
For CAGR we use very easy CI formula
90 + 12% + 12% + 12% + 12% 12% = 158.61
(Approx. 15.7)

Question 8
If discount rate is 14% per annum, then how much a company has to pay to
receive ₹ 280 growing at 9% annually forever.
(a) ₹ 5,600 (b) ₹ 2,800
(c) ₹ 1,400 (d) ₹ 4,200
Answer: Options (a)
Given
Discount Rate Rd = 14%
Growing Rate Rg = 9 %
Received Amount ® = Rs 280
Total Amount a company has to pay
𝑝
= (𝑅𝑑−𝑅𝑔)
280
= (14%−9%)
280
=
5%
280
= × 100
5
= Rs. 5,600

Question 9
The effective rate of return for 24% per annum convertible monthly is
given as
(a) 24% (b) 26.82%
(c) 18% (d) 24.24%
Answer: Options (b)
Given
24
R = % = 2%
12
T = 1 yrs = 1 × 12 month
= 12 month
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Effective rate of interest

R T
F = [(1 + ) − 1] × 100%
100
2 12
= [(1 + ) − 1] × 100%
100
= [(1.02 − 1] × 100%
)12
= (1.2682 − 1) × 100%
= 26. 82%

Question 10
If the cost of capital be 12% per annum, then the net present value (in
nearest₹) from the given cash flow is given as
Year 1 2 3 4
Operating
profit {in (100) 60 40 50
thousand ₹}
(a) 31048 (b) 34185
(c) 51048 (d) 24187
Note: Correct Ans. is Rs. 21,048/- by taking the nearest value option D is
preferable
Answer: Options (d)

Question 11
A certain sum amounts to ₹ 15748 in 3 years at simple interest at r% p.a.
The same sum amounts to ₹ 16,510 at (r+2) % p.a. simple interest in the
same time. What is the value of r?
(a) 10% (b) 8%
(c) 12% (d) 6%
Answer: Options (b)
The Amount of after `3’ years
R T
A1 = P [1 + 1 ] ……….. (1)
100
R2 T
A2 = P [1 + ] ……….. (2)
100
E.g. (1) / E.g. (2)
R T
A1 p [1 + 1 ]
100
= R T
A2 p [1 + 2 ]
100

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𝑟 ×3
15748 (1 + )
100
= (𝑟+2) ×3
16510 (1 + )
100
15748 100 + 3𝑟
=
16510 100 + 3 + 6
15748 100+𝑟
16510 106+ 3𝑟
Solving these we get r = 8%

Question 12
What is difference (in ₹) between the simple interest and the compound
𝟐
interest on a sum of ₹ 8,000 for 2 years at the rate of 10% p.a., when the
𝟓
interest is compounded yearly?
(a) 135.75 (b) 129.50
(c) 151.75 (d) 147.20
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation:
For 2 years T = 2, R = 10%, P = 8000
R T
A = P (1 + )
100
10 2
= P (1 + )
100
= 8000 (1.1)2
= 8000 × 1.21
A = 9680
Amount at the end of 2nd years
= 9680
Principal for 3 years
2
P = 9680, R = 10% T = 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
5
𝑃𝑅𝑇
S.I. =
100
9680 × 102 2
= ×
100 5
S.I. = 387.20
2
Amount after 2 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
5
= 9680 + 387 .20
= 10067.20
C.I. = 10067.20 – 8000
= 2067 .20
For S.I.
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12
𝑃𝑅𝑇 8000 × ×10
S.I. = = 5
100 100
S.I. = 1920
C.I. – S.I. = 2067 .20 - 1920
= 147.20

Question 13
The future value of annuity of ₹ 2,000 for 5 years at 5% compounded
annually is given (in nearest ₹) as
(a) 51051 (b) 02021
(c) 15624 (d) 61254
Note: Correct Ans is Rs. 11,051/- by taking the nearest value option C is
Preferable
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
Annuity (A) = 2000
N = 5 years
R = 5%
5
i= = 0.05
100
Future value
A
A (n,i) = [(I + i )n − 1]
i
2000
= − [(1 + 0.05)5 − 1]
0.05
2000
= × [(1.05)5 − 1]
0.05
= 15,624

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CHAPTER - 5
BASIC CONCEPTS OF
PERMUTATIONS AND
COMBINATIONS

Factorial

Fundamental Principle Permutations Combinations

Multiplication Addition Properties of

Rule Rule Combinations

Properties of Circular Permutations with

Permutations restrictions
Permutation
s

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Multiplication If certain thing may be done in ‘m’

Fundamental Rule different ways and when it has been
principles of done, a second thing can be done in ‘n‘
counting different ways then total number of
ways of doing both things
simultaneously = m×n.
Addition Rule It there are two alternative jobs which
can be done in ‘m’ ways and in ‘n’ ways
respectively then either of two jobs can
be done in (m+n) ways.
The factorial n, written as n! or n , represents
the product of all integers from 1 ton both
Factorial inclusive. To make the notation meaningful,
when n=0, we define 0! or 0= 1.
Thus, n!=n(n–1)(n–2) ................................................3.2.1

The ways of arranging or selecting smaller or

equal number of persons or objects from a
Permutations group of persons or collection of objects with
due regard being paid to the order of
arrangement or selection, are called
permutations.
The number of permutations of n things chosen r at a time is
given by
nPr =n (n – 1 ) ( n – 2 ) … ( n – r + 1 )

Where the product has exactly r factors.

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(a) n ordinary permutations equal one circular permutation.

Hence there are nPn/ n ways in which all the n
Circular things can be arranged in a circle. This equals
Permutations (n–1)!
(b) The number of necklaces formed with n beads of different
colors
• Number of permutations of n distinct
objects taken r at a time when a particular
object is not taken in any arrangement
isn–1pr.
• Number of permutations of r objects out of
n distinct objects when a particular object
is always included in any arrangement

The number of ways in which smaller or equal

number of things are arranged or selected
from a collection of things where the order of
selection or arrangement is not important, are
Combinations called combinations.
nCr = n!/r! ( n – r )!
nCr = nCn–r
nCo = n!/{0! (n–0)!} = n! / n! =1.
nCn = n!/{n! (n–n)!} = n! / n! . 0! = 1.
nCr has a meaning only when r and n are
integers 0 = r = n and nCn–r has a meaning only
when0= n–r = n.
• n+1Cr = nCr +nCr–1
• nPr = n–1Pr +rn–1 Pr–

Permutations when some of the things are alike, taken all at a

time Permutations when each thing may be repeated once,
Permutations twice, up tor times in any arrangement =n!.
The total number of ways in which it is
possible to form groups by taking some or all of
n things (2n–1).

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The total, number of ways in which it is

possible to make groups by taking some or all
out of n (=n1 + n2 + n3 +…) things, where n1
things are alike of one kind and so on, is given
by
{(n1 + 1) ( n2 + 1) ( n3 + 1)…} –1

The combinations of selecting r1 things from a

set having n1 objects and r2 things from a set
having n2 objects where combinations of r1
things, r2 things are independent

Question 1
An examination paper consists of 12 questions divided into parts A
and B Part A contains 7 questions and part B contains 5 questions. A
candidate is required to attempt 8 questions selecting at least from
each part. In how many maximum ways can the candidate select the
question?
(a) 35 (b) 175
(c) 210 (d) 420
Answer: d
Explanation:
The candidate can select 8 questions by selecting at last ‘’ three from each
part in the following ways:
3 questions from part A and 5 questions from part B = 7𝐶3 × 5𝐶 5 = 35 ways
4 questions from part A and part B each
= 7𝐶4 × 5𝐶4 = 175 Ways.

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Questions from part A and 3 questions from part B = 7𝐶 5 × 5𝐶 3 = 210 ways

Hence, the total number of ways in which the candidate can select the
question will be = 35 + 175 + 210 = 420 ways

Question 2
Code word is to consist of two English alphabets followed by two
distinct numbers between 1 and 9. How many such code words are
there?
(a) 6,15,800 (b) 46,800
(c) 7,19,500 (d) 4,10,800
Answer: b
Explanation:
The number of ways filling the first two places with English alphabets = 26
× 25 = 650
The number of ways of filling the last two places with distinct numbers = 9
× 8 = 72
The numbers of code words that can be formed are = 650 × 72
= 46800

Question 3
A boy has 3 library tickets and 8 books of his interest in the library of
these 8, he does not want to borrow Mathematics part – II unless
Mathematics part – I is also borrowed? In how many ways can he
choose the three books to be borrowed?
(a) 41 (b) 51
(c) 61 (d) 71
Answer: a
Explanation:
There are two cases possible
CASE 1: When Mathematics Part – II is borrowed (i.e. it means Mathematics
Part – I has also been borrowed
Numbers of ways = 6𝐶1 = 6 ways
CASE 2: When Mathematics part – II is not borrowed (i.e. 3 books are to be
selected out of 7)
Number of ways = 7𝐶 3 = 35 Ways
Therefore, total number ways
35 + 6 = 41 ways

Question 4
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Find 5!, 4! And 6!

(a) 720 (b) 120
(c) 380 (d) 620
Answer: a
Explanation:
5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120: 4! = 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 24; 6! = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 =
720

Question 5
𝟗! 𝟏𝟎!
Find ;
𝟔! 𝟕!
(a) 630,504 (b) 504,720
(c) 920,630 (d) 121,720
Answer: b
Explanation:
9! 9×8×7×6! 9×8×7 504 10! 10×9×8×7!
= = = ; = = 720
6! 6! 7! 7! 7! 7!
10 × 9 × 8 = 720

Question 6
𝟏 𝟏 𝒙
Find x if + =
𝟗! 𝟏𝟎! 𝟏𝟏!
(a) 121 (b) 112
(c) 211 (d) 111
Answer: a
Explanation:
We have,
1 1 𝑥
+ =
9! 10! 11!

1 1 𝑥
➔ + =
9! 10 ×9! 11 ×10 ×9!
1 1 𝑥 1
➔ [1 + ]=( )×
9! 10 11 ×10 9!

1 𝑥
➔1 + =
10 11 ×10

11 𝑥
➔ =
10 11 ×10

➔ X = 11 × 11 = 121

Question 7
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Evaluate each of 𝟓𝐏𝟑 , 𝟏𝟎𝐏𝟐 , 𝟏𝟏𝐏𝟓

(a) 540 (b) 55440
(c) 5440 (d) 5540
Answer: b
Explanation:
5𝑝 = 5 × 4 × (5-3+1) = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60.
3
10𝑝 = 10 × …. × (10-2+1) = 10 × 9 = 90
2
11! 6!
11𝑝 = = 11 × 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × = 11 × 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 = 55440
5 (11−5) 6!

Question 8
How many three letters words can be formed using the letters of the
word SQUARE?
(a) 110 (b) 12
(c) 120 (d) 210
Answer: c
Explanation:
Since the word ‘SQUARE’ consists of 6 different letters, the number of
permutations of choosing 3 letters out of six equals 6𝑃 3 = 6 × 5 × 4 = 120

Question 9
In how many different ways can five persons stand a line for a group
photograph?
(a) 110 ways (b) 120 ways
(c) 130 ways (d) 20 ways
Answer: b
Explanation:
Here we know that the order is important, hence this is the number of
permutation of n five things taken all at a time. Therefore, this equals
5𝑃 5 = 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120 ways.

Question 10
How many three letters words can be formed using the letters the
word HEXAGON?
(a) 110 (b) 12
(c) 120 (d) 210
Answer: d
Explanation:

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Since the word ‘HEXAGON’ contains 7 different letters, the number of

permutations is 7𝑃 3 = 7 × 6 × 5 = 210.

Question 11
First, second and third are to be awarded at an engineering fair in
which 13 exhibits have been entered. In how many dif? ferent
(a) 1110 ways (b) 1320 ways
(c) 1830 ways (d) 1716 ways
Answer: d
Explanation:
Here, order of selection is important and repetitions are not meaningful as
no exhibit can receive more than one prize. Hence the answer is the number
of permutations of 13 things taken three at a time. Therefore, we find 13𝑃 3
13!
= = 13 × 12 × 11 = 1,716 ways
10!

Question 12
In how many different ways can 3 students be associated with 4
chartered accountants, assuming that each chartered accountant can
take at most one student?
(a) 10 (b) 12
(c) 20 (d) 24
Answer: d
Explanation:
This equals the number of permutations of choosing 3 persons out of 4,
hence the answer is 4𝑝 = 4 × 3 × 2 = 24.
3

Question 13
Compute the sum of 4 digit numbers which can be formed with the
four digits 1, 3, 5, 7, if each digit is used only once in each arrangement.
(a) 1,06,656 (b) 1,46,800
(c) 7,19, 500 (d) 4,10,800
Answer: a
Explanation:
The number of arrangement of 4 different digits taken 4 at a time is given by
4𝑝 = 4! = 24. All the four digits will occur equal number of times at each of
4
the positions, namely ones, tens, hundreds, thousands.
24
Thus, each digit will occur = 6 times in each of the positions. The sum of
4
digits in one’s position will be 6 × (1+3+5+7) = 96. Similar is the case in
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ten’s, hundred’s and thousand’s places. Therefore, the sum will be 96 + 96 ×

100 + 96 × 1000 = 106,656.

Question 14
In how many different ways can a club with 10 members select a
President, Secretary and Treasurer, if no member can hold two offices
and each member is eligible for any office?
(a) 720 (b) 780
(c) 960 (d) 630
Answer: a
Explanation:
The answer is the number of permutations of 10 persons chosen three at a
time.
Therefore, it is 10𝑃 3 = 10×9×8 = 720

Question 15
When jiana arrives in New York, she has eight shops to see, but he has
time only to visit six of them. In how many different ways can he
arrange her schedule in New York?
(a) 20,160 (b) 2016
(c) 26105 (d) 21560
Answer: a
Explanation:
She can arrange his schedule in 8𝑃 6 = 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 20,160 ways

Question 16
When Dr. Ramanujan arrives in his dispensary, he finds 12 patients
waiting to see him. If he can see only one patient at a time. Find the
number of ways; he can schedule his patients if they all want their
turn.
(a) 479001600 (b) 79833600
(c) 34879012 (d) 67800983
Answer: b
Explanation:
There are 12-3 = 9 patients. They can be seen 12𝑃 9 = 79,833,600 ways.

Question 17
How many arrangements can be made out of the letters of the word
‘DRAUGHT’ the vowels never beings separated?
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(a) 1440 (b) 720

(c) 740 (d) 750
Answer: a
Explanation:
The word ‘DRAUGHT’ consists of 7 letters of which 5 are consonants and
two are vowels. In the arrangement we are to take all the 7 letters but the
restriction is that the two vowels should not be separated.
We can view the two vowels as one letter. The two vowels A and U in this
one letter can be arranged in 2! = 2 ways. (i) AU or (ii) UA. Further, we can
arrange the six letters: 5 consonants and one letter consisting of two
vowels. The total number of ways of arranging them is 6𝑃6 = 6! = 720 ways.
Hence, by the fundamental principle, the total number of arrangements of
the letters of the word DRAUGHT, the vowels never being separated = 2 ×
720 = 1440 ways.

Question 18
An examination paper with 10 questions consists of 6 questions in
mathematics and 4 questions in statistic part. At least one question
from each part is to be attempted in how many ways can this be done?
(a) 1024 (b) 945
(c) 1000 (d) 1022
Answer: b
Explanation:
Total question = 10
No. of Mathematics questions = 6 No. of statics questions = 4.
No. of ways at least one question of Mathematics
= (26 1) = (64 – 1) = 63
No. of ways at least one question of statics
= (24 1) = (16 – 1) = 15
Total no. of ways = 63 × 15 = 945

Questions 19
A student has three books on computer, three books on Economics and
five books on Commerce. If these books are to be arranged subject
wise, then these can be placed on a shelf in the number of ways:
(a) 25290 (b) 25092
(c) 4320 (d) 25920
Answer: d
Explanation:

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No. of ways = 3! 3! 5! 3!
= 6 × 6 × 120 × 6
= 216 × 120
= 25, 920

Questions 20
A person has ten friends of whom six are relatives. If h invites five
guests ‘SUCH’ that three are his relatives, then the total number of
ways in which he can invite then are:
(a) 30 (b) 60
(c) 120 (d) 75
Answer: c
Explanation:
Total friend: 10
No. of Relative = 6
No. of friend = 4
No. of ways to invite five guests such that three of them are his relatives.
= 6C 3 × 4C 2
6! 4!
= ×
3! ×3! 2! ×2!
20 × 6 = 120

Questions 24
Six seats of articled clerks are vacant in a ‘Chartered Accountant Firm’.
How many different batches of candidates can be chosen out of ten
candidates?
(a) 216 (b) 210
(c) 220 (d) 230
Answer: b
Explanation:
The number of ways in which 6 articled clerks can be selected out of 10
caildidats
= 10𝐶6 = 210 ways.

Question 25
Six persons A, B, C, D, E and F are to be seated at a circular table. In
how many ways can this be done, if a must always has either B or C on
his right and B must always have either C or D on his right?
(a) 3 (b) 6

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(c) 12 (d) 18
Answer: d
Explanation:
Using the given restrictions, we must have AB or AC and AB or BD
Therefore, we have the following alternatives
ABC, D, E, F, which gives (4 – 1)! Or 3! ways.
ABC, D, E, F which gives (4 – 1)! Or 3! ways.
AC, BD, E, F, which gives (4 – 1) or 3! ways.
Hence, the total number of ways are
= 3! + 3! +3!
= 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 ways

Question 26
A fundamental principle of counting is:
(a) m × n, m - n (b) m × n, m + n
(c) m + n, m ÷ n (d) m ÷ n, m – n
Answer: b
Explanation:
Fundamental principles of counting
a. Multiplications Rule: m × n
b. Addiction Rule: m + n

Question 27
If 𝒏𝑪 𝒓 = 𝒏𝑪 𝒓−𝟏 | and 𝒏𝑷 𝒓 and𝒏𝑷 𝒓+𝟏 , then the value of n is 27.
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 2 (d)5
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑛+1
The conditions provided that n – r = r – 1 ⍴ r = so if
2
We put n = 3, then r =2 satisfies the conditions

Question 28
𝐧𝐏 𝐫 ÷ 𝐧𝐂 𝐫 =
(a) n! (b) (n - r)!
(c) 48 (d) r!
Answer: d
Explanation:

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Question 30
The number of ordered triplets of positive integers which are
solutions of the equation x+y+z = 100 is
(a) 6005 (b) 4851
(c) 5081 (d) none of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
The number of triplets of positive integers which re solutions of
X + y + z = 100 = coefficient of x100 in (x + x2 + x3 + …….) 3
= coefficient of x100 in x3(1 – x) -3 = coefficient of x100 in
(𝑛+1)(𝑛+2)
X3 (1 + 3x + 6x2 + …….. + xn + …….)
2
(97+1)(97+2)
= = 49 × 99 = 4851
2

Question 32
The number of way to sit 3 men and 2 women in a bus such that total
number of sited men and women on each side is 3
(a) 5! (b) 6𝑐5 × 5!
(c) 6! × 6𝑃5 (d) 5! + 6𝐶5
Answer: b
Explanation:
3 men and 2 women equal to 5. A group of 5 members make 5!
Permutations with each other. The number of ways to sit 5 members = 5! 6
places are filled by 5 members by 6𝐶 5 ways. The total number of ways to sit
5 members on 6 seats of a bus = 6𝐶 5 × 5!

Question 33
If P (n,r)=1680 and C (n,r) = 70, then 69n+r! =
(a) 128 (b) 576
(c) 256 (d) 625
Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑛!
P (n, r) = 1680 (𝑛−𝑟)! = 1680?... (i) C (n, r) = 70⍴
𝑛! 1680
= 70? (ii) = 70. [From (i) and (ii)]
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟)! 𝑟!
1680
r! = = 24⍴ r = 4 ∵ P (n, 4) = 1680∵
70
n (n – 1)(n – 2)(n – 3) = 1680 ⍴ n = 8 ∵
8 × 7 × 6 × 5 = 1680 + r! = 69 × 8 + 4! = 552 + 24

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= 576

Question 34
Number of divisors of n = 38808 (except 1 and n) is
(a) 70 (b) 68
(c) 72 (d) 74
Answer: a
Explanation:
Since 38808 = 8 × 4851
8×9×539=8×9×7×7×11=23 × 32 × 72 × 11
Number of divisors = (3 + 1) (2 + 1) (2 + 1) (1 + 1) = 72. This includes two
divisors 1 and 38808. Hence the required number off divisors = 72 – 2 = 70

Question 35
If eleven members of a committee sit at a round table so that the
president and secretary always sit together, then the number of
arrangement is
(a) 10! × 2 (b) 10!
(c) 9! × 2 (d) None of these
Answer: c
Explanation:
Required number of ways 9! × 2 (by fundamental property of Circular
permutation).

Question 36
In how many ways can 5 keys be put in a ring?
1 1
(a) 4! (b) 5!
2 2
(c) 4! (d) 5!
Answer: a
Explanation:
Mark the keys as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Assume the ring as a circle with 5 positions.
First position can be taken by any one of them.
The 2nd positions has 4 possibility, 3rd has 3, 4th has 2, 5th has 1
Totally 4×3×2×1 = 24.

Question 37

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A question paper is divided into two parts A and B and each part
contains 5 questions. The number of ways in which a candidate can
answer 6 questions selecting at least two questions from each part is
(a) 80 (b) 810
(c) 200 (d) None of these
Answer: d
Explanation:
The number of ways that the candidate may select 2 questions from A and 4
from B=5𝐶 2 × 5𝐶 3 4 questions from A and 2 from B = 5𝐶 4 ×5𝐶 2 . Hence total
numbers of ways are 200.

Question 38
How many number lying between 10 and 1000 can be formed from the
digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (repetition is allowed)
(a) 1024 (b) 810
(c) 2346 (d) None of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
The total number between 10 and 1000 are 989 but we have to form the
numbers by using numerals 1, 2,……9, i.e. 0 is not occurring so the numbers
containing any?0? would be excluded i.e., Required number of ways

20, 30, 40, … … … … 100 = 9

101, 102, … … … . .300 = 19
201, … … … … … . .300 = 19
= 989-
……………………………….
………………………………..
{901, … … … … … … . .990 = 18}
= 989-(9+18+19×8) = 810. Alter: Between 10 and 1000, the numbers are of
2 digits And 3 digits. Since repetition is allowed, so each digit can be filled in
9 ways. Therefore number of 2 digit numbers = 9×9 = 81 and number of 3
digit numbers 9 × 9 × 9 = 729. Hence total ways = 81 + 729 = 810

Question 39
The number of ways in which the letters of the word TRIANGLE can be
arranged such that two vowels do not occur together is
(a) 1200 (b) 2400
(c) 14400 (d) 14400
Answer: c

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Explanation:
.T.R.N.G.L Three vowels can be arrange at 6 places in 6
𝑃3 = 120 ways. Hence
the required number of arrangements = 120×5! = 14400

Question 40
There are four balls of different colours and four boxes of colours
same as those of the balls. The number of ways in which the balls one
in each box, could be such that a ball does not go to box of its own
colour is
(a) 8 (b) 7
(c) 9 (d) None of these
Answer: c
Explanation:
Since the number of derangements in such a problems is given by
1 1 1 1 1
n! {1 − + − + … … … . (−1)𝑛 }
1! 2! 3! 4! 𝑛!
1 1 1
 Number of derangements are = 4! { − + }
2! 3! 4!
= 12-4+1 = 9

Question 41
If𝟓𝟔𝑷𝒓+𝟔 :𝟓𝟒𝑷𝒓+𝟑 = 30800:1, then r =
(a) 31 (b) 41
(c) 51 (d) none of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
56! (51 − 𝑟)!
×
(50 − 𝑟)! 54!
30800
= 56×55× (51 – r) = 30800
1
r = 41

Question 42
The number of ways of dividing 52 cards amongst four players so that
three players have 17 cards each and the fourth player just one card, is
52! 52!
(a) (17!)3 (b) (17!)2
(c) 52! (d) none
Answer: a
Explanation:

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For the first set number of ways52𝐶17 . Now out of 35 cards left 17 cards can
be put for second in 35𝐶17 ways similarly for 3rd in 18𝐶17 . One card for the
last set can be put in only one way. Therefore the required number of ways
52! 35! 18! 52!
for the proper distribution = × × × 1! = (17!)3
35!17! 18!17! 17!1!

Question 43
m men and n women are to be seated in a row so that no two women
sit together. If m>n, them then the number of ways in which can be
seated is
𝑚!(𝑚+1)! 𝑚!(𝑚−1)!
(a) (𝑚−𝑛+1)! (b) (𝑚−𝑛+1)!
(c)
(𝑚−1)!(𝑚+1)! (d) none
(𝑚−𝑛+1)!
Answer: a
Explanation:
First arrange m men, in arrow in m! Ways. Since n<m and no two women
can sit together, in any one of the m! Arrangement, there are places in which
𝑚!(𝑚+1)! 𝑚!(𝑚+1)!
n women can be arranged in m + 1𝑃𝑛 = [(𝑚+1)−𝑛)! = (𝑚−𝑛+1)!

Question 44
The number of times the digit 3 will be written when listing the
integers from 1 to 1000 is:
(a) 369 (b) 300
(c) 271 (d) 302
Answer: b
Explanation:
To find number of times 3 occurs in listing the integer from 1 to 999. (Since
3 does not occur in 1000). Any number between 1 to 999 is a 3 digit number
xyz where the digit x, y, z are any digits from 0 to 9. Now, we first count the
numbers in which 3 occurs once only. Since 3 can occur at one place in 3𝐶1
ways. There are 3𝐶1 . (9 × 9) + 3 × 1 = 300

Question 45
Ten persons, amongst whom are A, B, and c to speak at a function. The
number of ways in which it can be done. If A wants to speak before B
and B wants to speak before C is
(a)
10! (b) 3 ! 7 !
6
(c) 10𝑃3 .7! (d) None of these

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Answer: a
Explanation:
For A, B, C, to speak in order of alphabets 3 places out of 10 may be chosen
first in 1. 3𝐶2 = 3 ways. The remaining 7 persons can speak in 7! Ways.
Hence, the number of ways in which all the 10 person can speak is 10𝐶3. 7! =
10! 10!
=
3! 6

Question 46
How many words can be made out from the letters of the word
INDEPENDENCE, in which vowels always come together?
(a) 16800 (b) 16630
(c) 1663200 (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
8! 5!
Required numbers of ways are × = 16800. {Since IEEEENDPNDNC = 8
2!3! 4!
letters}.

Question 47
The exponent of 3 in 100! Is
(a) 33 (b) 44
(c) 48 (d) 52
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let E (n) denote the exponent of 3 in n. the greatest integer less than 100
divisible by 3 is 99. We have
E (100!) = E (1 .2 .3. 4….99. 100)
= E (3 .6. 9….99)
= E [(3. 1)(3 . 2) (3 . 3)…… (3. 33)]
= 33 + E (1. 2. 3……33) Now
E (1. 2. 3…….33) =E (3. 6. 9….33)
= E [(3. 1) (3. 2) (3. 3)……. (3. 11)]
= 11+ E (1. 2. 3 …..11) And
E (1 .2. 3 ….11) = E [(3. 1) (3. 2) (3. 3)]
3 + E (1 .2. 3) = 3 + 1 = 4 Thus
E (100!) = 33 + 11 + 4 = 48

Question 48

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A dictionary is printed consisting of 7 lettered words only that can be

made with a letter of the word CRICKET. If the words are printed at the
alphabetical order, as in an ordinary dictionary, then the number of
word before the word CRICKET is
(a) 530 (b) 480
(c) 531 (d) 481
Answer: a
Explanation:
The number of words before the word CRICKET is 4×5! +2×4! +2! = 530

Question 49
The number of positive integral solutions of abc = 30 is
(a) 30 (b) 27
(c) 8 (d) none of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
We have, 30 = 2 × 3 × 5. So, 2 can be assigned to either a or b or c i.e. 2 can
be assigned in 3 ways. Similarly, each of 3 and 5 can be assigned in 3 ways.
Thus the no. of solutions are 3 × 3 × 3 = 27.

Question 50
The number of different words that can be formed out of the letters of
the word ‘MORADABAD’ taken four at a time is
(a) 500 (b) 600
(c) 620 (d) 626
Answer: d
Explanation:
In MORADABAD, we have 6 different types of letters 3AS, 2DS and rest four
different. We have to form words of 4 letters. (i) All letters 6𝑃4 = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3
4!
= 360. (II) Two different two a like 2𝐶1 ×5𝐶2 × = 240 (iii) 3 alike 1 different
2!
4! 4!
1𝐶1 ×5𝐶1 × = 20 (iv) 2 alike of one type and 2 alike of other type 2𝐶2 × = 6
2! 3!
Therefore total number of words
= 360 + 240 + 20 + 6 = 626

PREPARE FOR WORST

Question 1
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How many 3 letter words with or without meaning can be formed out of
the letters of the word MONDAY when repetition of words is allowed?
(a) 125 (b) 216
(c) 120 (d) 320

Question 2
In how many ways the letters in the word TOOTH can be arranged?
(a) 120 (b) 40
(c) 20 (d) 30

Type – 2
Question 1
How many five letters words with or without meaning, can be formed
from the word ‘COMPLEXIFY’, if repetition of letters is not allowed?
(a) 43200 (b) 30240
(c) 12032 (d) 36000

Question 2
In how many different ways can the letters of the word ‘LOGARITHMS’ be
arranged so that the vowels always come together?
(a) 6720 (b) 241920
(c) 40320 (d) 360344

Question 3
How many three digit numbers can be formed from the digits 3, 4, 5, 7, 8,
and 9. Also, the number formed should be divisible by 5 and no repetition
is allowed?
(a) 20 (b) 24
(c) 25 (d)

Type 3
Question 1
An ice cream seller sells 5 different ice-creams. John wants to buy 15 ice
creams for his friends. In how many ways can he buy the ice-cream?
(a) 1450 (b) 3768
(c) 3879 (d) 1540

Question 2
There are 5 types of soda flavor available in a shop. In how many ways

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can 10 soda flavors be selected?

(a) 1454 (b) 1001
(c) 1211 (d)1540

Type - 4
Question 1
A wooden box contains 2 grey balls, 3 pink balls and 4 green balls. Fins
out in how many ways 3 balls can be drawn from the wooden box. Make
sure that at least one pink ball is included in the draw?
(a) 64 (b) 46
(c) 56 (d) 65

Question 2
There are 5 boys and 10 girls in a classroom. In how many ways teacher
can select 2 boys and 3 girls to make a dance group?
(a) 720 (b) 1200
(c) 240 (d) 840

Question 3
There are 10 consonants and 5 vowels. Out of which how many words of 5
consonants and 2 vowels can be made?
(a) 2520 (b) 1200
(c) 210 (d) 720

Question 4
A committee of 5 persons is to be formed from 6 men and 4 women. In
how many ways can this be done when at least 2 women are included?
(a) 196 (b) 186
(c) 190 (d) 200

Question 5
If the letters of the word SACHIN are arranged in all possible ways and
these words are written out as in dictionary, then the word ‘SACHIN’
appears at serial number:
(a) 601 (b) 600
(c) 603 (d) 602

Question 6
A college has 10 basketball players. A 5-member team and a captain will

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be selected out of these 10 players. How many different selections can be

made?
(a) 1260 (b) 1400
(c) 1250 (d) 1600

Question 7
When four fair dice are rolled simultaneously, in how many outcomes
will at least one of the dice show 3?
(a) 620 (b) 671
(c) 625 (d) 567

Question 8
A letter lock consists of three rings each marked with six different letters.
The number of distinct unsuccessful attempts to open the lock is at the
most?
(a) 215 (b) 268
(c) 254 (d) 216

Question 9
In how many ways can the letters of the word EDUCATION be rearranged
so that the relative position of the vowels and consonants remain the
same as in the word EDUCATION?
(a) 4! x 4! (b) 5! x 5!
(c) 4! x 5! (d) 3! x 4!

Question 10
In a Plane there are 37 straight lines, of which 13 pass through the point
A and 11 pass through the point B. Besides, no three lines pass through
one point, no lines passes through both points A and B , and no two are
parallel. Find the number of points of intersection of the straight lines.
(a) 525 (b) 535
(c) 545 (d) 555

Question 11
How many different four letter words can be formed (the words need not
be meaningful using the letters of the word "MEDITERRANEAN" such that
the first letter is E and the last letter is R?
(a) 59 (b) 56
(c) 64 (d) 55

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Question 12
In how many ways can 5 different toys be packed in 3 identical boxes
such that no box is empty, if any of the boxes may hold all of the toys?
(a) 36 (b) 25
(c) 24 (d) 72

Question 13
In a box, there are 5 black pens, 3 white pens and 4 red pens. In how
many ways can 2 black pens, 2 white pens and 2 red pens can be chosen?
(a) 180 (b) 220
(c) 240 (d) 160

ANSWERS AVAILABLE ON:

• TELEGRAM CHANNEL: t.me/KINSHUKInstitute
• WEBSITE : WWW.KITest.IN
• KITest APP

Past Examination Questions

May - 2018
Question 1
The number of triangle that can be formed by choosing the vertices from a
set of 12 points, seven of which lie on the same straight line, is:
(a) 185 (b) 175
(c) 115 (d) 105
Answer: a
Explanation:
Here n = 12, k = 7
No. of triangle are formed from ‘n’ point
In which (k) points are collinear = 𝑛𝐶3 -𝑘𝐶3
= 12𝐶3 - 7𝐶3

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12×11×10 7×6×5
= −
3×2×1 3×2×1
=220-35
=185

Question 2
If 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑪𝟗𝟖 - +𝟗𝟗𝟗𝑪𝟗𝟕 + 𝒙𝑪𝟗𝟎𝟏 , find x:
(a) 999 (b) 998
(c) 997 (d) 1000
Answer: a
Explanation:
If 1000𝐶98 - 999𝐶97 + 𝑥𝐶901
𝑛𝐶𝑟 + 𝑛𝐶𝑟−1 = n + 1𝐶𝑟
Then x = 999⌊999𝐶901 + 999𝐶98 ⌋

Nov - 2018
Question 1
A bag contains 4 red, 3 black, and 2 white balls. In how many ways 3 balls
can be drawn from his bag so that they include at least one black ball?
(a) 64 (b) 46
(c) 85 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
No. of total balls = 4 Red+3 Black + 2 white = 9 balls
Total number of ways
= 3C3 + (3C2 x 6C1) + (3C1 x 6C2) [because 6 are nonblack]
=1+[3×6]+[3×(6×52×1)]=1+18+45=64

Question 2
The number of words from the letter word BHARAT, in which B and H will
never come together, is
(a) 360 (b) 240
(c) 120 (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given word
‘B H A R A T’
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12 3456
6! 720
Total No. of ways arrange the letter word = = = 360
2! 2
If Letter ‘B’ and ‘H’ are never taken together
= 360-120
=240

Question 3
𝟏 𝟏 𝑵
The value of N in = + + 𝒊𝒔
𝟕! 𝟖! 𝟗!
(a) 81 (b) 78
(c) 89 (d) 64
Answer: a
Explanation:
1 1 𝑁
If + =
7! 8! 9!
9×8×1 9×1 𝑁
− =
9 × 8 × 7! 9 × 8! 9!
72 9 𝑁
+ =
9! 9! 9!
81 𝑁
=
9! 9!
N = 81

Question 4
If 𝒏𝑷𝒓 =720, 𝒏𝑷𝒓 = 120, then r is
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given 𝑛𝑃𝑟 = 720, 𝑛𝐶𝑟 = 120
We know that
𝑛𝐶𝑟 1
=
𝑛𝐶𝑟 𝑟
120 1
=
720 𝑟
1 1
=
6 𝑟
R=3

May - 2019

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Question 1
If 𝟏𝟏𝑪𝒓 = 𝟏𝟏𝑪𝟐𝒙−𝟒 and x≠4 then the value of 𝟕𝑪𝒙 =
(a) 20 (b) 21
(c) 22 (d) 23
Answer: b
Explanation:
Equate bases of LHS and RHS
So x=4
Therefore, LHS = RHS
11-x = 2x-4
x=5
7𝐶3 = 7𝐶2 = 21

Question 2
Which of the following is not a correct statement?
(a) 𝑛𝑃𝑛 =𝑛𝑃𝑛−1 (b) 𝑛𝑃𝑛 =2.𝑛𝑃𝑛−2
(c) 𝑛𝑃𝑛 =3. 𝑛𝑃𝑛−3 (d) 𝑛𝑃𝑛 = n. 𝑛. (𝑛 − 1)𝑃𝑛−1
Answer: d
Explanation:
LHS ≠ RHS
In case of d option

Question 3
How many words can be formed with the letter of the world ‘’PARALLEL’’.
So that all L’s do not come together?
(a) 2000 (b) 3000
(c) 4000 (d) None of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
There are 8! ways of arranging the eight letters of ‘’PARALLEL’’, but since there
8!
are three ‘’L’’s and two ‘’A’’s, we must divide through by 3!×2! to get a total of
3!×2!
permutations.
Okay, so how many of these have all three ‘’L’’s together?
8! 5!
- 6× = 3000
3!×2! 2!

Question 4
The Indian cricket team consists of 16 players. It includes 2 wicket keepers
and 5 bowlers. In how many ways can a cricket eleven be selected if we
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have to select 1 wicket keeper and atleast 4 bowlers?

(a) 1024 (b) 1900
(c) 2000 (d) 1092
Answer: d
Explanation:
We are to choose 11 players including 1 wicket keeper and 4 bowlers or, 1 wicket
keeper and 5 bowlers.
Number of ways of selecting 1 wicket keeper, 4 bowlers and 6 other player’s in
2𝐶1 × 5𝐶4 × 9𝐶6 = 840
Number of ways of selecting 1 wicket keeper, 5 bowlers and 5 other players in
2𝐶1 × 5𝐶4 × 9𝐶5 = 252
Total number of ways of selecting the term = 840 + 252 = 1092.

Nov - 2019
Question 1
Three girls and five boys are to be seated in a row so that no two girls sit
together. Total no. of ways of this arrangement are:
(a) 14,400 (b) 120
(c) 5𝑃3 (d) 3! × 5!
Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) Required arrangement
X B1 X B2 X B3 X B4 X B5 X
No. of ways of arranging 3 girls in 6 places
= 5𝑝
3
Total ways = 6p3 × 5p5
6!
= (6−3)! × 5!
6 𝑥 5 𝑥 4 𝑥 3!
= × 120 = Rs. 14,400
3!

Question 2
How many numbers can be formed with the help of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 which is
not divisible by 5, given that it is a five-digit no. and not repeating?
(a) 600 (b) 400
(c) 1200 (d) 1400
Answer: a
Explanation:

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(a) No’s 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1.
A no. is divisible by 5 when it ends with O or 5
T THTH H O
−− −−−
No. of ways of filling one’s digit = 5 (all except 5)
No. of ways of filing ten’s digit = 5
No. of ways of filling thousand place = 4
No. of ways of filling ten thousand place = 3
No. of ways of filling hundred’s place = 2
Total ways = 5 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2
= 600 ways

Question 3
How many different groups of 3 people can be formed from a group of 5
people?
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 10 (d) 9
Answer: c
Explanation:
(c) We know,
No. of ways to choose r objects out of n objects is nCr
Using the formula,
Choosing 3 distinct objects (groups) from
5!
5 = 5C3 = (5−3)!×3
5!
=
2!×3!
5×4×3!
=
2×3!
10 ways

Question 4
In how many ways can 4 people be selected at random from 6 boys and 4
girls if there are exactly 2 girls?
(a) 90 (b) 360
(c) 92 (d) 480
Answer: a
Explanation
(𝐚) 𝐁𝐨𝐲𝐬 (𝟔)𝐆𝐢𝐫𝐥𝐬 (𝟒)
𝟐 𝟐
No. of ways of selecting 2 boys out of 6 = 6C2

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No. of ways of selecting 2 girls out of 4 = 4C2

Total ways = 6C2 × 4C2
6! 4!
= ×
(6 − 2)! × 2 21 × (4 − 2)!
6×5×4! 4×3×2!
= ×
4!×2 2!×2
= 15 × 6 = 90 ways.

Question 5
np3 :np2 = 2: 1

(a) 4 (b) 7/2

(c) 5 (d) 2/7
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑛!
(a) npr = (𝑛−𝑟)!
nPr :nP2 = 2:1
𝑛! 𝑛! 2
∶ =
(𝑛 − 3)! (𝑛 − 2)! 1
𝑛! (𝑛 − 2)(𝑛 − 3)! 2
× =
(𝑛 − 3)! 𝑛! 1

DEC - 2020
Question 15
If Np4 = 20 Np2 = where P denotes the number of permutations n =___________
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 5 (d) 7
Answer: d
Explanation:
𝑛!
𝑛𝑃 𝑟 =
(𝑛 − 𝑟 )!
Here,
𝑛𝑃 4 = 20𝑛𝑃 2
𝑛! 𝑛!
= = 20 =
(𝑛 − 4)! (𝑛 − 2)!
(𝑛 − 2)! = 20(𝑛 − 4)!
(𝑛 − 2)(𝑛 − 3)(𝑛 − 4)! = 20(𝑛 − 4)!
(𝑛 − 2)(𝑛 − 3) = 20

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𝑛2 − 5𝑛 + 6 = 20
𝑛2 − 5𝑛 − 14 = 0
𝑛2 − 7𝑛 + 2𝑛 − 14 = 0
𝑛(𝑛 − 7) + 2(𝑛 − 7) = 0
(𝑛 + 2)(𝑛 − 7) = 0
If n+2 = 0 ⇒ n = -2 (Not possible)
If n-7 = 0 ⇒ n = 7
Thus, the value of n is 7.

Question 16
A fruit basket contains 7 apples, 6 bananas and 4 mangoes. How many
selections of 3 fruits can be made so that all 3 are apples?
(a) 120 ways (b) 35 ways
(c) 168 ways (d) 70 ways
Answer: c
Explanation:
Given:
Number of Bananas = 6
Number of Apples = 7
Number of Mangoes = 4
To find: Number of ways can a person make a selection of fruits from the basket.
Number of ways to select zero or more bananas = 6 + 1 = 7 ways
Number of ways to select zero or more apples = 7 +1 = 8 ways
Number of ways to select zero or more mangoes in 4 +1 = 5 ways
So, Total number of ways = 5 x 8 x 7 = 280
We included a case of 0 Banana, 0 apple and 0 mangoes, so we have to subtract
this from total number of ways,
⇒ Number of ways = 280 – 1 = 279 ways
Therefore, A person can make a selection of fruits from the basket is 279 ways.
∴3 fruits can be made so that all 3 are apples is 35

Question 17
Out of 7 boys and 4 girls a team of a debate club of 5 is to be chosen. The
number of teams such that each team includes at least one girl is___
(a) 429 (b) 439
(c) 419 (d) 441
Answer: d
Explanation:
The Team Consist of 4 girls +1 boy

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Number of selections 4𝐶3 × 7𝐶1 = 1 × 7 = 7

Hence, the total number of teams that can be formed = 140+210+84+7= 441

Question 18
From a group of 8 men and 4 women, 4 persons are to be selected to form a
committee so that at least 2 women are there on the committee. In how
many ways can it be done?
(a) 201 (b) 168
(c) 202 (d) 220
Answer: a
Explanation:
4 Women, 1 Man
7𝐶3 × 6𝐶1 = 35 × 6 = 210

JAN - 2021
Question 1
Eight chairs are numbered from 1 to 8. Two women and three men are to be
seated by allowing one chair for each. First, the women choose the chairs
from the chairs numbered 1 to 4 and then men select the chairs from the
remaining. The number of possible arrangements is:
(a) 120 (b) 288
(c) 32 (d) 1440
Answer: d
Explanation:
1440
Step-by-step explanation:
First women can take any of the chairs marked 1 to 4 in 4 different way.
Second women can take any of the remaining 3 chairs from those marked 1 to 4
in 3 different ways.
So, total no of ways in which women can take seat =4×3
⇒4P2
4P2=4!(4−2)!
=4×3×2×12×1
=12
After two women are seated 6 chairs remains
First man take seat in any of the 6 chairs in 6 different ways, second man can take
seat in any of the remaining 5 chairs in 5 different ways
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Third man can take seat in any of the remaining 4 chairs in 4 different ways.
So, total no of ways in which men can take seat =6×5×4
⇒6P3
6P3=6!(6−3)!
⇒6×5×4×3×2×13×2×1
⇒120
Hence total number of ways in which men and women can be seated =120×12
⇒1440

Question 2
‘n’ locks and ‘n’ corresponding keys are available but the actual
combination is not known. The maximum number of trials that are needed
to assigns the keys to the corresponding locks is.
(a) (n – 1) 𝐶2 (b) (n + 1) 𝐶2
(c) ∑𝑘−2(𝑘 − 1)
𝑛
(d) ∑𝑛𝑘−2 𝐾
Answer: d

Question 3
The harmonic mean of the roots of the equation
(5 + √𝟐 )x2 – (4 + √𝟓)x + 8 + 2√𝟓 = 0, is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8
Answer: b
Explanation:
let the 2 roots be α, β
2
8+ √5
2αβ 2× 2×2 (4+√5)
H.M. = = 5+√2
4+√5
= =4
α+β (4+√5)
6+√2

Question 4
There are ten fights operating between city A and city B. The number of
ways in which a person can travel from city A to city B and return by
different fight, is
(a) 90 (b) 95
(c) 80 (d) 78
Answer: a
Explanation:
To go from A to B = 10 Flight
& to go from B to A = 9 flights

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(as cannot comping in some flight)

10×9 = 90 ways

Question 5
How many odd numbers of four digits can be formed with digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
7 and 8?
(a) 150 (b) 180
(c) 120 (d) 210
NOTE: The correct Ans is: 300
Answer: b
Explanation:
5 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 300
(0 cannot be here & 1 used in last cannot be here)
(1,3,7) can be on last place as it should be odd

Question 6
In how many different ways, can the letters of the word ‘DETAIL’ be
arranged in such a way that the vowels occupy only the odd numbered
position?
(a) 32 (b) 36
(c) 48 (d) 60
Answer: b
Explanation:
Since detail has 6 letters, there are 3 odd positions, the 1st, 3rd, and 5th spots.
Let’s determine how many ways the word can be arranged when the vowels
occupy the odd positions.
1st spot: 3 options (any of the 3 vowels)
2nd spot: 3 options (any of the 3 consonants)
3rd spot: 2 options (any of the 2 remaining vowels)
4th spot: 2 options (any of the 2 remaining consonants)
5th spot: 1 option (the last remaining vowel)
6th spot: 1 option (the last remaining consonant)
So, the word can be arranged in 3 x 3 x 2 x 2 x 1 x 1 = 36 ways.

Question 7
nCp + 2nCP-1 + nCp-2 ?

(a) n+CP (b) n+2Cp

(c) n+1Cp+1 (d) n+2Cp-1
Answer: d

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Explanation:
Direct Formula
for refer another origin formula
nCr + nCr-1 = n+1Cr

Question 8
A business house wishes to simultaneously elevate two of its six branch
heads. In how many ways these elevations can take place?
(a) 12 (b) 3
(c) 6 (d) 15
Answer: d
Explanation:
6×5
6C2 = = 15
2

July - 2021
Question 1
If np6 = 20 np4 then the value of n is given by
(a) n =5 (b) n =3
(c) n = 9 (d) n = 8
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
np6 = 20 np4

[n [n
= 20
[𝑛 − 6 [𝑛 − 4
[n [n − 4
× = 20
[𝑛 − 6 [𝑛
[𝑛−4
[𝑛−6
= 20
(𝑛 − 4) (𝑛 − 5) [(𝑛 − 6)
[𝑛 − 6
(n- 4) (n – 5) = 20
(n – 4) (n – 5) = 5 × 4
So n – 4 = 5
n=9

Question 2
How many number of seven digit numbers which can be formed for the

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digits 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 no digits being repeated are not divisible by 5?

(a) 4320 (b) 4690
(c) 3900 (d) 3890
Answer: Options (a)
If no should not ÷ 5 then 5 not on last plag (3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
6 ×5 ×4 ×3 ×2 ×1 ×6
4320

Question 3
A person can go from place ‘A’ to ‘B’ by 11 different modes of transport but
is allowed to return back to “A” by any mode other than the one earlier. The
number of different ways, the entire journey can be complete is_
(a) 110 (b) 1010
(c) 95 (d) 109
Answer: Options (a)
If a person has 11 ways of going and cannot come from same place 10 ways of
coming. 11 × 10 = 110

Question 4
The number of ways 5 boys and 5 girls can be seated at a round table, so no
two boys are adjacent is___
(a) 2550 (b) 2880
(c) 625 (d) 2476
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
5 boys can sit around the circular table in (5–1)! = 4! Ways For boys and girls to
occupy alternate positions, 5 girls have to sit in the gap between the 5 boys.
The girls can be arranged in these gaps in 5! ways
Therefore, total number of seating arrangements = 4! * 5! = 24 * 120 = 2880

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CHAPTER - 6
SEQUENCE AND SERIES-
ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC
PROGRESSIONS

Sequenc
eee

Arithmetic Special Geometric

Progression Series Progression

Sum of First Common

n Term differenc
terms e

Sum of first `n’ Sum of the squares of Sum of the cubes of the
terms of the the First `n’ terms of the First `n’ terms of the
series series series

Sum First Common Applications

of n term differenc of Finance
terms e

An ordered collection of numbers a1, a2, a3, a4, ................., an,

Sequence ................. is a
sequenceifaccordingtosomedefiniteruleorlaw,thereisadefinit
evalueofan,called the term or element of the sequence,
corresponding to any value of the natural number n
An expression of the form a1 + a2 + a3 + ….. +
an + ............................ which is the sum of the
elements of the sequence { an} is called a series.
If the series contains a finite number of
elements, it is called a finite series, otherwise
called an infinite series.

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A sequence a1,a2,a3,……,an is called an Arithmetic

Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) when a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = ….. = an – an–1.
Progression That means A. P. is a sequence in which each term is obtained
by adding a constant d to the preceding term. This constant
‘d’ is called the common difference of the A.P. If 3 numbers a,
b, c are in A.P., we say b – a = c – b or a + c = 2b; b is called
the arithmetic mean between a and c.
nthterm ( tn) = a + ( n – 1 )
Where a = First Term
D = Common difference= tn- tn-1
Sum of 1st n natural or counting numbers
Sum of n terms of n
s= [2a+(n-1)d]
AP 2

Sum of the first n Sum of 1st n natural or counting

terms numbers S = n( n + 1 )/2

Sum of 1st n odd S = n2

number
Sum of the Squares n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
of the first, n natural
numbers
If in a sequence of terms each term is constant multiple of
theproceedingterm,thenthesequenceiscalledaGeometricProg
ression(G.P).Theconstant multiplier is called the common
ratio
Geometric Anyterm 𝑡𝑛
Progression =
𝑃recedingterm 𝑡𝑛−1
(G.P)
= arn–1/arn–2 = r

Sum of first n Sn = a ( 1 – rn) / ( 1 – r ) when r < 1

terms of a GP Sn=a(rn–1)/(r–1)when r>1
Sum of infinite S∞= a/(1-r) where 0< r<1
geometric

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series

A.M. of a &b is=(a+b)/2

Geometric
If a, b, c are in G.P we get b/a = c/b => b2= ac, b
mean is called the geometric mean between a and c

Question: 1
Find the 7th term of the A.P. 8, 5, 2, -1, -4,…
(a) 10 (b) -10
(c) 8 (d) -8
Answer: b
Explanation:
Here a = 8, d = 5 – 8 = -3
Now t7 = 8 + (7-1) d
= 8 + (7 – 1) (-3)
= 8 + 6 (-3)
= 8 – 18
= -10

Question: 2
If 5th and 12th terms of an A.P. are 14 and 35 respectively, find the A.P.
(a) 2, 5, 8, 11, 14,……… (b) 2, 3, 8, 11, 12,……….
(c) 2, 3, 4, 11, 14 … (d) 2, 5, 8, 1, 4,………..
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let a be the first term & d be the common difference of A.P.
𝑡5 = a + 4d = 14
𝑡12 = a + 11d = 35
On solving the above two equations
7d = 21 =i.e. d = 3
And a = 14 – (4 × 3) = 14 – 12 = 2
Hence, the required A.P. is 2, 5, 8, 11, 14,……….

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Question: 3
Divide 69 into three parts are in A.P. and are such that the product of
the first two parts is 483.
(a) 21, 23, 25. (b) 21, 22, 23,
(c) 22, 23, 25. (d) 21, 22, 25.
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given that three parts are in A.P., let the three parts which are in A.P. be a –
d, a, a + d……
Thus a – d + a + a + d = 69
Or 3a = 69
Or a = 23
So the three parts are 23 – d, 23, 23 + d
Since the product of first two parts is 483, therefore, we have 23 (23 – d) =
483
483
Or 23 – d = = 21
23
Or d = 23 – 21 = 2
Hence, the three parts which are in A.P. are 23 – 2 = 21, 23, 23 + 2 = 25
Hence the three parts are 21, 23, and 25

Question: 4
Find the arithmetic mean between 4 and 10.
(a) 5 (b) 7
(c) 10 (d) 3
Answer: b
Explanation:
We know that the A.M. of a & b is = (a+ b) / 2 Hence, The A.M. between 4 &
10 = (4 + 10) / 2 = 7

Question: 5
Find the G.P. series where 4th term is 8 and 8th term is 128/625
(a) 125, 50,20,9, (b) 125,50,20,10, …..
(c) 125, 5,20,8… (d) 125, 50,20,8 …
Answer: d
Explanation:
t4 = ar3 = 8
T8 = 128/625 → ar^7 = 128/625

T8/T4 = 128/625 × 1/8

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➔ ar^7/ar3 = 16/625
➔ r^4 = 2^4/5^4
➔ r = 2/5
ar = 8
3

➔ a (2/5)3 = 8
➔ a × 8/125 = 8
➔ a = 125
Therefore, a = 125, ar = 125 × 2/5 = 50, ar2 = 125 × 4/125 = 20…..
Or 125, 50, 20, 8… Forms a G.P.

Question: 6
𝟏
Insert three geometric means between and 9
𝟗
1 1 1 1
(a) , , 1, 3, 9 (b) , , 1, 3, 9
9 3 8 5
11 1 121 1
(c) , , 1, 3, 9 (d) , , 1, 3
9 3 9 3
Answer: a
Explanation:
1
G.P. Series , --,--,--,--, 9
9
1
Here t1 = a =
9
t5 = a.r = 9
4
1
Now, t5 = .r4 = 9
9
= r = 81
4

= r4 = 34
=r=3
1 1
t2 = ar = × 3 =
9 3
1
t3 = ar2 = ×32 = 1
9
1
t4 = ar3 = ×33 = 3
9
1 1
Thus the series , , 1, 3, 9
9 3

Question: 7
Find the sum of 1st term of G.P. series 1+2+4+8+……
(a) 155 (b) 255
(c) 185 (d) -822
Answer: b
Explanation:
Here a = 1, r = 2, n = 8
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(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
Sn = a. (𝑟−1) When r > 1
(28 −1)
S8 = 1. (2−1)
= 1 (256 – 1) = 255
Thus S8 = 255

Question: 8
Find the sum of the series -2, 6, -18 …..7 terms?
(a) 1554 (b) -1094
(c) 1094 (d) -8223
Answer: b
Explanation:
Here a = -2, r = -3, n = 7
(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
Sn = a. (1−𝑟) When <1
[1−(−3)7 ]
S7 = (-2) [1−(−3)]
(1+2187)
= (-2)
4
(2188)
= (-2)
4
S7 = -1094

Question: 9
In a G.P. the product of the 1st three terms 27/8. The middle term is
27 3
(a) (b)
8 2
2 8
(c) (d)
9 27
Answer: b
Explanation:
a
Let the three terms Of GP are , a, ar
r
Now product of terms
a 27
×a×ar =
r 8
27
a3 =
8
3
a3 = ( ) 3
2
3
a=
2
3
Thus the middle term, a =
2

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Question: 10
If you save 1 paisa today, 2 paisa the next day and 4 paisa the
succeeding day and so on, then your total savings in two weeks will be.
(a) Rs. 168.32 (b) Rs. 163.98
(c) Rs. 163.83 (d) None
Answer: c
Explanation:
Here the pattern of savings the G.P series 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 …
Here a = 0.01, r = 2, n = 14
(𝑟 𝑛 −1)
Sn = a. (𝑟−1) When r > 1
(214 −1)
S14 = 0.01 (2−1)
(16384−1)
= 0.01
1
= 0.01×16383
S14 = 163.83
Thus the total savings in 14 days would be Rs. 163.83.

Question: 11
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
The sum of the infinite G.P series 1 - + – …..
𝟑 𝟗 𝟐𝟕
(a) 0.75 (b) 75
(c) 0.57 (d) 57
Answer: a
Explanation:
−1
Here a = 1, r = ( )
3
𝑎 1
S∞ = = −1
(1−𝑟) [1−( 3 )]
= 1/ [4/3]
=¾
= 0.75

Question: 12
Find the 10th term of the A.P.: 2, 4, 6, ….
(a) 20 (b) 40
(c) 2 (d) 0.20
Answer: a
Explanation:
Here the first term (a) = 2 and common different d = 4 – 2 = 2
Using the formula tn = a + (n – 1) d, we have
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𝑡10 = 2 + (10 -1) 2 = 2 +18 = 20

Hence, the 10th term of the given A.P. is 20

Question: 13
The 10th term of an A.P. is -15 and 31st term is -57, find the 15th term
(a) -20 (b) 20
(c) -25 (d) 25
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let a be the first term and d be the common d be the common difference of
the A.P. Then from the formula:
𝑡𝑛 = a + (n – 1) d, we have
t10 = a + (10 -1) d = a + 9d
t31 = a + (31 – 1) d = a + 30 d
We have,
a + 9d = -15 …. (1)
a + 30d = -57 …. (2)
Solve equations (1) and (2) to get the values of a and d. Subtracting (1) from
(2) , we have
21d = -57 + 15 = -42
-42 ÷ 21 = 2
Again from (1), a = -15 -9d = -15 – 9(-2) = -15 + 18 = 3
Now t15 = a + (15 -1) d
= 3 + 14 (-2) = -25

Question: 14
Which term of the A.P.: 5, 11, 17 … is 119?
(a) n = 20 (b) n = 2
(c) n = 30 (d) n = 19
Answer: a
Explanation:
Here a = 5, d = 11-5 = 6
tn = 119 we know that
tn = a + (n – 1) d
? 119 = 5 + (n -1) x 6
119−5
(n – 1) = = 19
6
n = 20, therefore, 119 is the 20th term of the given A.P.

Question: 15
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Is 600 a term of the A. P.: 2, 9, 16, ….?

(a) yes (b) no
(c) Not sure (d) none
Answer: b
Explanation:
Here, a = 2, and d = 9 – 2 = 7.
Let 600 be the nth term of the A.P. We have tn = 2 + (n – 1) 7
According to the question
2 + (n – 1) 7 = 600
(n – 1) 7 = 598
598 3
Or n = +1 n = 86
7 7
Since n is a fraction, it cannot be a term of the given A.P. Hence, 600 is not a
term of the given A.P.

Question: 16
The common difference of an A.P. is 3 and the 15th term is 37. Find the
first term.
(a) -5 (b) 5
(c) 42 (d) -42
Answer: a
Explanation:
Here d = 3, t15 = 37, and n = 15 Let the first term be a. we have
tn = a + (n-1) d
37 = a + (15 – 1) 3
Or, 37 = a + 42
a = -5
Thus, first term of the given A.P. is -5

Question: 17
Geometric mean G between two numbers a and b id
(a) ab (b) ab2
(c) a2b (d) √𝑎𝑏
Answer: d
Explanation:
If a single geometric mean ‘G’ is inserted between two given numbers ‘a’ and
‘b’, then G is known as the geometric mean between ‘a’ and ‘b’.
G.M. = G = G2 = √𝑎𝑏

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Question18
If A and G are arithmetic and geometric mean respectively between
two positive numbers a and b, then A (AM) < G (GM) is correct?
(a) yes (b) no
(c) not sure (d) none
Answer: b
Explanation:
We have
𝑎+𝑏
A.M. = A = and G.M. = G = G2 = √𝑎𝑏
2
𝑎+𝑏
A–G= - √𝑎𝑏
2
𝑎+𝑏−2 √𝑎𝑏
=
2
= (√a − √b)2
Root will be open automatically
A–G>0
➔A>G

Question19
Find the sum of the AP: 11, 17, 23, and 29… of first 10 terms.
(a) 380 (b) 568
(c) 960 (d) 593
Answer: a
Explanation:
=> nth term for the given AP = 5 + 6 n
=> First term = 5+ 6 = 11
=> Tenth term = 5 + 60 = 65
=> Sum of 10 terms of the AP = 0.5n (first term + last term) = 0.5 x 10 (11 +
65)
=> Sum of 10 terms of the AP = 5 x 76 = 380

Question20
𝟑 𝟐𝟕
Find the G. M. between and
𝟐 𝟐
9 2
(a) (b)
2 9
6 3
(c) (d)
3 6
Answer: a
Explanation:
We know that if a is the G. M. between a and b, then

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G = √ab
3 27 3 27
G. M. between and =√ ×
2 2 2 2
9
=
2

Question21
Insert three geometric means between 1 and 256.
(a) 4, 16, 64, (b) -4, 16, -64
(c) Both (d) None
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let G1, G2, G3, be 3
GMS both 1, & 256
Then,
1, G1, G2, G3, 256 will be in GP
Let common ratio be r
 G1 = r
So r 4 = 256
r=±4
G1 = ± 4
G2 = ± 16
G3 = ± 64

Question22
If 4, 36, 324 are in G.P. insert two more numbers in this progression so
that it again forms a G.P.
(a) 12,108 (b) 14,180
(c) 16,120 (d) 12, 10
Answer: a
Explanation:
G. M. between 4 and 36 = √4 × 36 = √144 = 12
G.M. between 36 and 324 = √36 × 324 = 6 x 18 = 108
If we introduce 12 between 4 and 36 and 108 between 36 and 324, the
numbers
4, 12, 36, 108, 324 form a G.P.
The two new numbers inserted are 12 and 108.

Question 23

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The distance travelled (in cm) by a simple pendulum in consecutive

seconds are 16, 12, 9,… How much distance will it travel before coming
to rest?
(a) 64 cm (b) 46 cm
(c) 1 am (d) none
Answer: a
Explanation:
The distance travelled by the pendulum in consecutive seconds are, 16, 12,
9 … is an infinite geometric progression with the first term a = 16 and r =
12 3
= <1
16 4
𝑎
Hence, using the formula S = we have
1−𝑟
16 16
S= 3 = 1 = 64
1− 4
4
Distance travelled by the pendulum is 64 cm.

Question24
Which term of the G.P.: 5, -10, 20, -40,… is 320?
(a) 7 (b) 6
(c) 3 (d) 12
Answer: a
Explanation:
−10
In this case, a = 5; r = = -2
5
Suppose that 320 is the nth term of the G. P.
By the formulate = arn-1, we get
t = 5. (-2) n-1, we get
320 = 5. (-2) n-1 = 64 = (2)6 = (−2)𝑛−1
n–1=6
n=7
Hence 320 is the 7th term of the G.P.

Question 25
If a, b, c is in G.P., then
(a) a(b2 + a2) = c (b2 + c2) (b) a(b2 + a2) = c(a2 + b2)
(c) b(b2 + a2) = c(b2 + c2) (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
If a, b, c is in to G.P. Then b2 = ac
b2 (a – c) = ac (a-c)

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b2a – ac2 = a2c – b2c

a (b2 + c2) = c (a2 + b2)
Trick: Put a=1, b=2, c=4, and check the alternates.

Question 26
𝟏
The sum of infinity of the progression 9-3+1- + … is
𝟑
(a) 9 (b) 9/2
(c) 27/4 (d) 15/2
Answer: c
Explanation:
1
Infinite series 9-3+1- …… ∝ is a G. P. with
3
−1 𝑎 9 9×3 27
a = 9, r = 𝑆∝ = = 1 = =
3 1−𝑟 1+ 3 4 4

Question 27
The product (32) (32)1/6 (32)1/36 …..To ∞ is.
(a) 16 (b) 32
(c) 64 (d) 0
Answer: c
Explanation:
1 1 1
1+ + +⋯.∞ (1−6)
(32) (32)1/6(32) 1/36 …… ∞ = (32) 6 36 = (32)
1
(32) 5/6 = (35)6/5 = 26 = 64

Question 28
Obtain the sum of all positive integers up to 1000, which are divisible
by 5 and not divisible by 2.
(a) 10050 (b) 5050
(c) 5000 (d) 50000
Answer: d
Explanation:
The positive integers, which are divisible by 5, are 5, 10, 15,…, 1000
Out of these 10, 20, 30,.. 1000 are divisible by 2
Thus, we have to find the sum of the positive integers 5, 15, 25, …, 995
If n is the number of terms in it the sequence then
995 = 5 + 10(n-1)
=> 1000 = 10n
Therefore, n = 100
Thus the sum of the series = (100/2) (5 + 995) = (50) (1000) = 50000.
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Question 29
If s is the sum of an infinite G.P., the first term a then the common ratio
r given by
𝑎−𝑠 𝑠−𝑎
(a) (b)
𝑠 𝑠
𝑎
(c) (d) none
1−𝑠
Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑎
S=
1−𝑟
s-sr = a
-sr = a-s
𝑠−𝑎
r=
𝑠

Question30
If in an infinite G.P. first term is equal to the twice of the sum of the
remaining terms, then its common ratio is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 1/3 (d) -1/3
Answer: c
Explanation:
𝑎𝑟
Given, a=2( )
1−𝑟
1-r = 2r
1
r=
3

Question 31
If n geometric means between a and b be G1, G2,…. Gn and a geometric
mean be G, then the true relation is
(a) G1, G2, …… Gn = G (b) G1, G2, …… Gn = G1/n
(c) G1, G2, …… Gn = Gn (d) none
Answer: c
Explanation:
Here G = (a b) 1/2 and
G1 = ar1 , G2 = ar 2 , … Gn = ar n . therefore
G1 . G2 . G3 … . Gn = an r1+2+⋯+n = an r n(n+1)/2 But
ar n+1 = b
1
b n+1
r=( )
a

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1
b (n+1) .n(n+1)/2
Therefore, the required product is an ( )
a
= (ab)n/2
n
= {(ab)1/2 }
= Gn
Note: It is a well-known fact.

Question 32
7th term of the sequence√𝟐, √𝟏𝟎, 𝟓√𝟐 … is
(a) 125√10 (b) 25√2
(c) 125 (d) 125√2
Answer: D
Explanation:
Given sequence is√2 , √10 , 5√2…..Common ratio
r = √5 , first term a =√2, then 7th term
7−1 6
𝑡7 = √2(√5) = √2(√5) = √2(5)3
125√2

Question 33
If the first term of a G.P. be 5 and common ratio be -5, then which term
is 3125?
(a) 6th (b) 5th
(c) 7th (d) 8th
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given that first term a=5 and common ratio r=-5. Suppose that nth term is
3125
Then 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 = 3125
55
5(-5)n-1 = 54
5
n – 1 = 4 = (n → 5)

Question 34
The sums of n terms of three A.P.’s whose first term is 1 and common
differences are 1, 2, 3 are 𝑺𝟏 , 𝑺𝟐 , 𝑺𝟑 respectively. The true relation is
(a) 𝑆1 + 𝑆2 = 𝑆3 (b) 𝑆1 + 𝑆3 = 2𝑆2
(c) S1 + S2 = 2S3 (d) none
Answer: b

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Explanation:
We have a1 = a2 = a3 = 1
d1 = 1, d2 = 2, d3 = 3
n
Therefore, S1 = (n + 1)….(i)
2
n
S2 = (2n + 1) … (ii)
2
n
S3 = (3n + 1)
2
… (iii) Adding (i) and (iii),
n n
S1 + S3 = [(n + 1) + (3n + 1)] → [4n + 2]
2 2
n
= 2[ (2n + 1)] = 2S2
2
Hence correct relation S1 + S3 = 2S2

Question 35
What is the sum of all 3 digit numbers that leave a remainder of ‘2’
when divided by 3?
(a) 897 (b) 164,850
(c) 164,749 (d) 149,700
Answer: b
Explanation:
The smallest 3 digit number that will leave a remainder of 2 when divided
by 3 is 101.
The next number that will leave a remainder of 2 when divided by 3 is 104,
107, ….
The largest 3 digit number that will leave a remainder of 2 when divided by
3 is 998.
So, it is an AP with the first term being 101 and the last term being 998 and
common difference being 3.
𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚+𝐿𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
Sum of an AP = × Number of term
2
We know that in an A.P., the nth term an = a1 + (n – 1)*d
In this case, therefore, 998 = 101 + (n – 1)*3
i.e. 897 = (n – 1)*3
Therefore n – 1 = 299
Or n = 300
101+998
Sum of the AP will therefore be × 300 = 164,850
2

Question 36
What is the sum of the following series? -64, -66, -68,…., -100

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(a) -1458 (b) -1558

(c) -1568 (d) -1664
Answer: b
Explanation:
The sequence is -64, -66, -68,….-100.
The given set of numbers are in an arithmetic progression
Key data: First term is -64. The common difference is -2. The last term is -
100
𝑛
Sum of the first n term is an AP = [2a1+ (n-1) d]
2
To compute the sum, we know the first term a1 = -64 and the common
difference d = -2
We do not know the number of terms n. Let us first compute the number of
terms and then find the sum of the terms.
Step to compute number of terms of the sequence
an = a1 + ( n – 1) d
-100 = -64 + (n – 1)( - 2 )
Therefore, n = 19.
19
Sum Sn = [2(-64) + (919-1) (-2)]
2
19
Sn = [-128-36]
2
Sn = 19 x (-82) = -1558

Question 37
The sum of third and ninth term of an A.P. is 8. Find the sum of the first
11 terms of the progression.
(a) 44 (b) 22
(c) 19 (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
The third term t3 = a + 2d
The ninth term t9 = a + 8d
𝑡3 + 𝑡9 = 2a + 10d = 8
Sum of first 11 terms of an AP is given by
11
S11 = [2a + 10d]
2
11
S11 = [8] = 44
2

Question38

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The sum of the three numbers in A.P is 21 and the product of the first
and third number of the sequence is 45. What are the three numbers?
(a) 9, 7 and 5 (b) 3, 7, and 11
(c) Both A & B (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let the number are be a – d, a, a + d
Then a – d + a + a + d = 21
3a = 21
a=7
and (a – d) (a + d) = 45
a2 – d2 = 45
d2 = 4
d = ±2
Hence, the number are 5, 7 and 9 when d = 2 and 9, 7 and 5 when d = -2. In
both the cases numbers are the same.

Question 39
If the first term of G.P. is 7, Its nth term is 448 and sum of first n terms
is 889, then find the fifth term of G. P.
(a) 112 (b) 110
(c) 62 (d) 39
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given a = 7 the first term tn = arn-1 = 7(r)n-1 = 448.
7rn = 448 r ---- (1)
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 −1) 7(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
Also Sn = =
𝑟−1 𝑟−1
448𝑟−7
889 = {value of r n from (1)}
𝑟 −1
R=2
Hence Ts = ar4 = 7(2)4 = 112

Question 40
If the third and fourth terms of arithmetic sequence are increased by 3
and 8 respectively. Then the first four terms form a geometric
sequence. Find
(i) the sum of the first four terms of A.P.
(a) 54 ( b) 27
(c) 23 (d) 79

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Answer: a
Explanation:
Sol. a, (a + d), (a + 2d), (a + 3d) in A.P.
a, a + d, (a + 2d + 3), (a + 3d + 8) are in G.P.
Hence a + d = ar
𝑎+𝑑 𝑎+2𝑑+3 𝑎+3𝑑+8
also r = = =
𝑎 𝑎+𝑑 𝑎+2𝑑+3
𝑑+3 𝑑+5
=
𝑑 𝑑+3
➔ d + 6d + 9 = d2 + 5d →
2 d = -9
𝑎−9 𝑎−15
=
𝑎 𝑎−9
➔ a – 18a + 81 = a2 – 15a ➔ 3a = 81→ a = 27
2

Hence A.P. is 27, 18, 9, 0,

Sum of the first four terms of AP = 54

Question 41
Three positive numbers form a G.P. If the second term is increased by
8, the resulting sequence is an A.P. In turn, if we increase the last term
of this A.P. by 64, we get a G.P. Find the three numbers.
(a) 4, 12, 36 (b) 4, 8, 16
(c) 5, 15, 20 (d) none
Answer: a

Question42
The sum of the first five terms of a geometric series is 189. The sum of
the first six terms is 38 1, and the sum of the first seven terms is 765.
What is the common ratio in the series?
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 6 (d) 56
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let the numbers be a, a r, a r2 when r > 0
Hence a, (a r + 8), a r2 in A.P. – (1)
Also a, (a r + 8), a r2 + 64 in G.P. – (2)
➔ (a r + 8 )2 = a (a r2 + 64) a = 4/4-r - (3)
Also (1) → 2(ar + 8) = (a + ar2) →(1 – r) 2 = 16/a - (4)
From (3) and (4) r = 3 or -5 (rejected)
Hence a = 4 numbers are: 4, 12, and 36
Explanation:

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S5 = 189; S6 = 381; S7 = 765; t6 = S6 – S5 = 381 – 189 = 192

t7 = S7 – S6 = 765 - 381 = 384
𝑡 384
Now common ratio = 7 = =2
𝑡6 192

Question43
Find the 3rd n th term for the AP: 11, 17, 23, 29,…..
(a) 23 (b) 17
(c) 11 (d) 6
Answer: a
Explanation:
Here, a = 11, d = 17-11 = 23 – 17 = 29 – 23 = 6
We know that nth term of an AP is a + (n – 1) d
=> nth term for the given AP = 11 + (n – 1)6
=> nth term for the given AP = 11 + (n – 1) 6
=> nth term for the given AP = 5 + 6n
We can verify the answer by putting values of ‘n’
=> n = a -> First term = 5 + 6 = 11
=> n = 2 -> Second term = 5 +12 = 17
=> n = 3 -> Third term = 5 + 18 = 23

Question 44
The sum of three numbers in a GP is 26 and their product is 216. and
the numbers.
(a) 2,6 and 18 (b) 3, 7 and 11
(c) Both (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑎
Let the numbers be , a, ar.
𝑟
𝑎
=> ( ) + a + ar = 26
𝑟
(1+𝑟+𝑟 2 )
=> a = 26
𝑟
Also, it is given that product = 216
𝑎
=> ( ) x (a) x (a r) = 216
𝑟
=> a3 = 216
=> a = 6
(1+𝑟+𝑟 2 )
=> 6 = 26
𝑟
(1+𝑟+𝑟 2 ) 26 13
=> = = =
𝑟 6 3

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=> 3 + 3r + 3r2 = 13 r
=> 3 r2 – 10r + 3 = 0
1
=> (r – 3) (r – ( )) = 0
3
1
=> r = 3 or r =
3
Thus, the required numbers are 2, 6 and 18.

Question 45
A Sequence in which the ratio of two consecutive terms is always
constant (1, 0) is called
(a) AP (b) GP
(c) HP (d) NP
Answer: b
Explanation:
A Sequence in which the ratio of two consecutive terms is always constant
(1, 0) is called a Geometric progression (G.P.)

Question46
For the elements 4 and 6, verify
(a) A ≥ G ≥ H (b) A < G ≥ H
(c) A > G ≥ H (d)None
Answer: a
Explanation:
A = Arithmetic Mean = (4 + 6) / 2 = 5
G = Geometric Mean = √4 × 6 = 4.8989
H = Harmonic Mean = (2 x 4 x 6) / (4 + 6) = 48 / 10 = 4.8
Therefore, A ≥ 𝐺 ≥ H

Question 47
A sequence of numbers is called?
(a) Geometric Progression (b) Arithmetic progression (AP)
(c) Harmonic Progression (d) All
Answer: d
Explanation:
Harmonic Progression (HP)
A sequence of numbers is called a harmonic progression if the reciprocal of
the terms are in AP. In simple terms, a, b, c, d, e, f are in HP if 1/a, 1/b, 1/c,
1/d, 1/e, 1/f are in AP.
Arithmetic Progression (AP)

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A sequence of numbers is called an arithmetic progression if the difference

between any two consecutive terms is always same.
Geometric Progression (GP)
A sequence of numbers is called a geometric progression if the ratio of any
two consecutive terms is always same.

Question 48
An AP has 13 terms whose sum is 143. The third term is 5, then first
term is:
(a) 4 (b) 7
(c) 9 (d) None of these
Answer: d
Explanation:
S (13) = 143
S (13) = (n/2)(2a+(n-1)d)
= (13/2) × (2a-12d)
= 13× (a+6d)
= 13a + 78d = 143 ------- (1)
Divide both sides by 13
a+6d=11 …… (1)
T (3) = a+2d=5 …… ……… (2)
Subtract (2) from (1)
4d=6
d=3/2
Substituted in any of the equations …..(am using 2)
a + 2(3/2) =5
a+ 3=5
a=2

Question 49
The series 𝟏𝟑 + 𝟐𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑 + … . . 𝟐𝟎𝟑 is equal to
(a) 4410 (b) 4410000
(c) 44100 (d) None of these
Answer: c
Explanation
(n (n+1)/2)2
(20(20+1)/2)2
44100.

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PREPARE FOR WORST

Question 1
What is the sum of all 3 digit numbers that leave a remainder of `2’ when
divided by 3?
(a) 897 (b) 164,850
(c) 164,749 (d) 149,700

Question 2
A piece of equipment cost a certain factory Rs. 6, 00,000. If it depreciates
in value, 15% the first year, 13.5% the next year. 12% the third year , and
so on , what will be its value at the end of 10 years , all percentages
applying to the original cost
(a) 2,00,000 (b) 1,05,000
(c) 4,05,000 (d) 6,50,000

Question 3
If a rubber ball consistently bounces back 2⁄3 of the height from which it
is dropped, what Fraction of its original height wills the ball bounce after
being dropped and bounced four times without being stopped?
(a) 16/81 (b) 16/27
(c) 4/9 (d) 37/81

Question 4
Find the sum of first 30 positive integer multiple of 6

Question 5
How many numbers are there between 200 and 800 which are divisible
by both?
5 and 7?

Question 6
If (p + q)th term of an A.P is m and (p-q)tn term is n, then pth
(a) mn (b) √𝑚𝑛
1 1
(c) (𝑚 − 𝑛) (d) (𝑚 + 𝑛)
2 2

Question 7

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If 7 times the 7th term of an A.P is equal to 11 times of its 11th term , then
18th term is
(a) 18 (b) 9
(c) 77 (d) 0

Question 8
There is a set of four numbers p, q, r and s respectively in such a manner
that first three are in G.P. and the last three are in A.P with a difference of
6. If the first and the fourth numbers are the same find the value of P.
(a) 8 (b) 2
(c) -4 (d) -24

Question 9
An arithematic progression has 23 terms, the sum of the middle three
terms of the arithematic progression is 270, and the sum of the last three
terms of the Arithmetic progress is 1320. What is the 18th term of this
arithematic progression?
(a) 240 (b) 360
(c) 340 (d) 440

Question 10
Find the value of `a’ given that the geometric mean between x and y is
(a) -2/3 (b) -1/4
(c) -3/2 (d) -7/6

Question 11
Sum of three numbers in GP with common ratio greater than 1 is 105 If
the first two numbers are multiplied by 4 and the 3rd number is
multiplied by 3, then the resulting
Terms are in AP. What is the highest of the three numbers given?
(a) 60 (b) 50
(c) 30 (d) 45

Question 12
There are three terms x.y.z between 4&40 such that (i) their sum is 37 (ii)
4,x,y are consecutive terms of an A,P and (iii) y,z,40 are the consecutive
terms of a G.P, Find the value of Z
(a) 20 (b) 10
(c) 12 (d) 15

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Question 13
A tortoise walks 500 m in one day, the next day it walks 250 m, the next
day 125, m and so on, what is the limiting distance which it could walk?

Question 14
In a geometric progression the sum of first 3X term of the series is S and
the sum of first 2X terms of the series is 12s /133. If the sum of first X
terms of the series is s/k, find the value of `k’ it is given that the common
difference of the gp is positive.
(a) 120 (b) 133
(c) 155 (d) 160

Question 15
In a infinite geometric progression with common ratios less than 1 the
sum of any two consecutive terms is 8 times the sum of all the terms that
follow. What is the ratio of any term and the sum of all the terms that
follow it?
(a) 2 (b) -2
(c) -4 (d) Cannot be determined

Question 16
In an arithematic progression, the sum of the first 10 terms is half the
sum of first 15 terms. Find the ratio of the sum of first 16 terms and first
21 terms of some AP.
(a) 7:11 (b) 6:10
(c) 12:17 (d) 8:13
ANSWERS AVAILABLE ON:
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• WEBSITE :WWW.KITest.IN
• KITest APP

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Past Examination Questions

MAY - 2018
Question 1
The sum to m terms of the series 1 + 11 + 11 +1111 + …..Upto m terms is
equal to:
1 1
(a) (10𝑚+1 − 9𝑚 − 10) (b) ) (10𝑚+1 − 9𝑚 − 10)
81 27
(c) ) (10𝑚+1 − 9𝑚 − 10) (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given series:
1+11+111+ …….m term
1
[9 + 99 + 999 + ..... .m term]
9
1
(10 – 1)+(100 – 1) +(1000 – 1) + 1 …… + m term]
9
1 10.(10m−1 )
[ − m]
9 10−1
1 10m−1 − 10
[ − m]
9 9
1 10.10m−1 −10−9m
[ − m]
9 9
1
(10.10𝑚−1
− 9𝑚 − 10)
81

Question 2
A person pays Rs.975 in monthly installments; each installment is less than
former by Rs.5. The amount
(a) 26 months (b) 15 months
(c) both (a) & (b) (d) 18 months
Answer: c
Explanation:
𝑠𝑛 = 975, a = 100, d = -5, n =?
𝑛
𝑠𝑛 = (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑)
2
𝑛
975= [2 x 100+(n – 1)(-5)]
2
1950=n[200-5n+5]

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1950=n[205-5n]
1950=205n-5n2
5n2-205n+1950 = 0
5(n2-41n+390) = 0
𝑛2 − 41𝑛 + 310 + 0
𝑛2 -26n-15n+390=0
n(n-26)-15(n-26)=0
(n- 26) (n- 15)=0
If n-15=0 if n-26=0
N=15 n=26
The entire amount will be paid in 15 months

Question 3
If the sum of n terms of an AP is 3n2 – n and its common different is 6, then
its term is:
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 1
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let 𝑠𝑛 be the sum of n terms of an AP with first term a and common difference d.
Since 𝑠𝑛 = 3𝑛2 - n and d = 6
n
➔ Sn = (2a + (n – 1)d) = 3n2 – n
2
n
= (2a + (n – 1)6) = 3n2 – n
2
= n(a + (n – 1)3) = 3n2 – n
= (a + 3n – 3) = 3n – 1
a=2

Question 4
Insert two arithmetic means between 68 and 260.
(a) 132,196 (b) 130,194
(c) 70,258 (d) none
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let two A.M.’S between 68 and 260 are A1, A2
68, A1, A2:260
𝑏−𝑎
d=
𝑛+1
260−68 192
d= = = 64
2+1 3
A1 = a + d = 68 + 64 = 132
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A1 = a + 2d = 68 + 2 x 64 = 196

NOV - 2018
Question:1
If the pth term of an A.P. is ‘q’ and the qth term is ‘p’, and then its rth term is
(a) p+q-r (b) p+q+r
(c) p-q-r (d) p-q
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let 1st term of AP is ‘a’
And common different is‘d’
Given Tp = q
a + (p-1)d = q ________ (i)
and Tp = p
a+ (q-1)d = p
a+ qd - d = p _________ (ii)
Equation (i) and equation (ii)
a+ pd-d = q
a+ qd -d = p
Pd – qd = q – p
d (p-q) = - (p-q)
d = -1
Putting d = -1 in equation (i)
a+ p(-1) – (-1) = q
a = (p + q – 1)
Then, Tr = a + (r – 1)d
= p + q – 1+ (r- 1)(-1)
= p+q-1-r+1
=p+q-r

Question 2
𝟐 𝟐
The 3rd term G.P. is and the 6th term is , term the 1st term is
𝟑 𝟖𝟏
(a) 6 (b)
1
3
(c) 9 (d) 2
Answer: a
Explanation:

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Let 1st term of G.P. is ‘a’ and common ratio is ‘r’ then
2 2
Given T3 = and T6 =
3 81
2
ar2 = ______ (i)
3
2
ar5 = _______ (ii)
81
Eq (2) / eq (1)
2
𝑎𝑟 5
= 81
2
𝑎𝑟 2
3
2 3 1 1
r3 = × → r3 = →r=
81 2 27 3
1
Putting r = in equation (i)
3
2
ar2 =
3
1 2 2 1 2
a=[ ] = →a× =
3 3 9 3
2 9
a= ×
3 1
a=6

Question 3
The sum of the series -8,--6-4 …n terms is 52. The number of terms n is:
(a) 11 (b) 12
(c) 13 (d) 10
Answer: c
Explanation:
Given series
-8, -6, -4, …… n term
Let term (a) = -8
Common difference (d) = (-6) – (-8)
= -6+8
=2
Sum of ‘n ‘term (Sn) = 52, n=?
We know that
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (2a + (n-1)d)
2
𝑛
52 = [2 × (-8) + (n – 1)(2)]
2
104 = n[2n-18]
104=2n2 – 18n
2n2 – 18n – 104 = 0
𝑛2 - 9n – 52 =0

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(n- 13) (n+ 4)=0

If n-13 → n = 13 and n + 4 = 0 → n = -4

Question 4
The value of K, for which the mean the term 7K+3,4K-5,2K+10 are in A.P., is
(a) 13 (b) -13
(c) 23 (d) -23
Answer: d
Explanation:
If 7K+3, 4K-5, 2K+10 are in A.P
Then,
(4K-5)- (7K+3) = (2K+10)-(4K-5)
4K-5-7K-3 = 2K+10-4K+5
-3K-8 = -2K+15
-8-15 = -2K+3K
-23 = K

MAY - 2019
Question1
If y = 1+x+x2+ ………….∞ then x =
𝑦−1 𝑦+1
(a) (b)
𝑦 𝑦
𝑦 𝑦
(c) (d)
𝑦+1 𝑦−3
Answer: a
Explanation:
y = 1+x+x2+ ……….∞
𝑎
is equivalent to GP =
1−𝑟
1
Y=
1−𝑥
1
1-x =
𝑦
1
1 =x
𝑦
𝑦−1
=x
𝑦

Question2
If 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 + ………. + x = 882 then the value of x
(a) 78 (b) 80
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(c) 82 (d) 86
Answer: c
Explanation:
2 + 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 + ………… + x = 882
Sum of AP
𝑛
Sm = [2a + (n-1) d]
2
𝑛
Sm = [a+1]
2
𝑛
882= [2 + x] ……….. (1)
2
𝑛
882= x 2[2+ (n-1)2]
2
882 = n[2+2n+2]
882 = 2n2
N2 = 441
n = √441
n = 21
Put n in eq 1
21
882 = [ 2 +x]
2
84 = 2 + x
X = 84 – 2 = 82

Question 3
In a G.P, if the fourth term is ‘3’ then the product of first seven terms is
(a) 35 (b) 37
(c) 36 (d) 38
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let first term be a and common ratio be r.
Then according to question
ar3 = 3
Product of 1st 7 terms (a)7(r)21 = (ar3)7 = (3)7

Question 4
The ratio of sum of n terms of the two AP’s is (n +1): (n – 1) then the ratio of
their mth terms is
(a) (m + 1) : 2m (b) (m + 1) : (m – 1)
(c) (2m – 1 : (m + 1) (d) m : (m – 1)
Answer: d
Explanation:

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𝑛
[2𝑎+(𝑛−1 )𝑑] 𝑛+1
𝑛
2
=
2
[2𝑎′ + (𝑛−1)𝑑 ′ ] 𝑛−1
(𝑛+1)𝑑
𝑎+ 𝑛+1
′
2
𝑎 + (𝑛−1)𝑑′
=
𝑛−1
2
Tnth = a+ (n – 1) d
𝑛−1
=n–1
1
n – 1 = 2n – 2
n = 2m – 2 + 1
n = 2m
n = 2m – 1
2m 2m m
= =
2m−2 2(m−1) m−1

Question 5
The sum of the series
0.5+0.55+0.555+ ……… to n terms is:
(a) 5n/9+5/9[1-(*0.1)n] (b) 5n/9-5/81[1-(0.1)n]
(c) 5n/81 +5/81[1-(0.1)n] (d) 5n/9 +5/81 [1-(0.1)n]
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given series 0.5 + 0.55 + 0.555…… n terms
we know that,
0.1 (1− 0.1𝑛 ) (1− 0.1𝑛 )
0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 + ……….. =
2 3
=
0.9 9
→ 5(0.1 + 0.11 + 0.111 + ……..)
1 11 111
➔5 ( + + + ……)
10 100 1000
5 9 99 999
➔ ( + + + ….)
9 10 100 1000
5 1 1 1
➔ ((1 − ) + (1 − ) + (1 − ) + …..)
9 10 100 1000
5 1 1 1
➔ (1 + 1 + ⋯ n terms) - ( + + + ….)
9 10 100 1000
5 (1− 0.1𝑛 )
➔ (𝑛 − )
9 9

NOV - 2019
Question 1
(𝐛+𝐜−𝐚) (𝐜+𝐚−𝐛) (𝐚+𝐛−𝐜)
If , , are in AP then a, b, c are in
𝐚 𝐛 𝐜

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(a) AP (b) GP
(c) HP (d) None
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Given :
(𝐛+𝐜−𝐚) (𝐜+𝐚−𝐛) (𝐚+𝐛−𝐜)
, , are in A.P.
𝐚 𝐛 𝐜
Add 2 to each
(b+c−a) (c+a−b) (a+b−c)
+ 2, + 2, +2
a b c
b+c−a+2a c+a−b+2b a+b−c+2c
= , ,
a b c
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
= , ,
a b c
Now, divide by a+b + c
1 1 1
= , , are in A.P.
a b c
1
We know, HP =
A.P.
= a, b, c are in H.P.
Option c i.e. H.P is the correct option,

Question 2
Sum upto infinity of series
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ 𝟐+ 𝟑+ 𝟒+ 𝟐+
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐𝟓
(a) 19/24 (b) 24/19
(c) 5/24 d) none
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
We know
𝑎
S∞ = ,r<1
1−𝑟
1 1 1 1 1
Here, + + + + + ………
2 32 23 34 252
1 1 1 1 1 1
( +
2 3 3 + 2 5 + … … . ∞) + + 2 3 3 + 25
+ …….. ∞)

1 1 1 1
{𝑎 = ,𝑟 = < 1} ; {𝑎 = , 𝑟= , 1}
2 4 2 4
1 1
( 2
1 ) +( 9
1 )
1− 4 1− 9

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1 1
2 9
3 + 8
4 9

1 4 1 9
× + ×
2 3 9 8

2 1
+
3 8

19
24

Question 3
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Sum the series , , , ……..
𝟓 𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟑 𝟓𝒏
1 1 𝑛 1 1 𝑛
(a) [1 − ( ) ] (b) [1 − ( ) ]
4 5 5 4
(c) both (d) none
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
1 1 1 1
Series , 2, 3 , …….. 𝑛
5 5 5 5

1 1 1
So, here a = , r = , <1
5 5 5
(1−𝑟 𝑛 )
Sn= a (1−𝑟) , r < 1
1 𝑛
1 1−(5)
Sn = [ 1 ]
5 1−(5)
1 5 1 𝑛
Sn = × [1 − ( ) ]
5 4 5
1 1 𝑛
Sn = [1 − ( ) ]
4 5

Question 4
𝟏
Find the no. of terms of the series 25, 5, 1…………..
𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓
(a) 6 (b) 7
(c) 8 (d) 9
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Here gives the series 25, 5, 1/5…..
Let the Total Number of Terms = n
First Term a = 25
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Common ratio r = 1/5

1
Last Term an =
3125
we have the formula
𝑎𝑛 = arn-1
1 1 𝑛−1
➔ = 25 ( )
3125 5
1 5 1 𝑛−3
➔( ) = ( )
5 5
➔n – 3 = 5
➔n = 8
Yes, 1/3125 is the 8th term of the series.

Question 5
If the sum of five terms of AP is 75. Find the third term of the series.
(a) 35 (b) 30
(c) 15 (d) 20
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
We know
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2a + (n-1) d]
2
n=5 S5 = 75
5
S5 = [2a+ (5-1) d]
2
5
75 = [2a + 4d]
2
15 = a + 2d -------Eq (1)

T3 = a + (3 – 1) d
T3 = a + 2d
------From Eq (1)
T3 = 15

Question 6
If the AM and GM of the two numbers is 6.5 and 6 the no’s are:
(a) 3 and 2 (b) 9 and 4
(c) 81 and 16 (d) None
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Let the two nos.be ‘a’ and ‘b’
𝑎+𝑏
AM = ; GM = √𝑎𝑏
2
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√𝑎𝑏 = 6
𝑎+𝑏
= 6.5 On squaring
2
ab = 36 ----Equation (2)
a +b = 13
a = 13 – b ----Equation (1)
Put Eq (1) in Eq (2)
b × (13 – b) = 36
13b – b2 = 36
𝑏2 - 13b + 36 = 0
𝑏2 – 9b -4b + 36 = 0
b (b-9) – 4 (b-9) = 0
b=9 b=4
a = 13 – 9 a = 13 - 4
a=4 a=9
So the two numbers are 4 and 9

Question 7
If AM and HM for numbers are 5 and 3:2, respectively GM will be
a) 20 b. 16
c. 4 d. 5
Answer:(c)
Explanation:
We know that
(GM) 2 = AM × HM
Here (GM)2 = 5 × 3.2
(GM) 2 = 16
(GM) = 4.

DEC - 2020
Question 8
The 20th term of arithmetic progression whose 6th term is 38 and 10th term
is 66 is______
(a) 136 (b) 118
(c) 178 (d) 210
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let a and d be the first term and common difference of an AP
It is given that, 6th term a6 = 38 and 10th term a10 = 66.

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Therefore,
a + 5d = 38 ... (i)
a + 9d = 66 ... (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we have
4d = -28
d=7
Substituting in (i), we have
a + 5(7) = 38
Hence, the 20th term is 136.

Question 9
Three numbers in G.P with their sum is 130 and their product is 27,000 are
_______
(a) 90, 30, 10 (b) 10, 30, 90
(c) 10, 20, 30 (d) Both
Answer: d
Explanation:
𝑎
Let the three number be ,a, ar
𝑟
𝑎
+ 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑟 = 130
𝑟
𝑎
. 𝑎. 𝑎𝑟 = 27000 → 𝑎3 = (30)3
𝑟
= 30
1 + 𝑟 + 𝑟𝑟
𝑎[ ] = 130
𝑟
1 + 𝑟 + 𝑟 𝑟 13
=
𝑟 3
➔3𝑟 -10r +3
𝑟
1
➔r=3 or
3
The numbers are 10, 30, and 90

Question 10
Divide 69 into 3 parts which are in A.P and are such that the product of first
two parts is 460
(a) 20, 23, 26 (b) 21, 23, 25
(c) 19, 23, 27 (d)22, 23, 24
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let the first term of the AP be 'a'

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And the common difference be 'd'

Since 69 split into 3 parts such that they form an AP.
Let the three parts be (a - d), (a) and (a + d).
Therefore,
(a - d) + (a) + (a + d) = 69
3a = 69
a = 23
The product if two smaller parts = 460
So,
(a) × (a - d) = 460
23 × (23 - d) = 460
⇒ 529 - 23d = 460
⇒ - 23d = 460 - 529
⇒ - 23 d = - 69
⇒ d = 63/23
⇒d=3
Therefore,
The 3 parts are
23 - 3 = 20;
And 23 + 3 = 26
Hence the parts of the given AP are 20, 23, and 26

JAN - 2021
Question 1
The nth term of the series 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + …. is
(a) 4n - 1 (b) 𝑛2 + 2𝑛
(c) 𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 1 (d) 𝑛3 + 2
Answer: c
Explanation:
3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + …..𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛 ---------(1)
3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + …..𝑎𝑛−2 + 𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛 --------- (2)
Eq 1 – Eq 2
s-s = 3-0+ (7+3) + (13-7)+ ……+ ( 𝑎𝑛−1 − 𝑎𝑛−2 + (𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎𝑛−1 ) − 𝑎𝑛
0= [3+4+6+….+𝑎𝑛−1 ] − 𝑎𝑛
𝑎𝑛 = 3 + [4 + 6 + 8 + − − − + 𝑎𝑛−1 -------- (3)
Now 4+6+8+---- + 𝑎𝑛−1 are in A.P.
First term a = 4, Common difference d = 2
𝑛
Sum of n herm of AP = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
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𝑛−1
=4 + 6 + 8 ± − − 𝑎𝑛−1 = [2 × 4 + (𝑛 − 1 − 1) × 2]
2
𝑛−1
=( ) [8 + 2𝑛 − 4]
2
𝑛−1
= (2𝑛 + 4)
2
= (4+6+8+…….+𝑎𝑛−1 = (n-1) (n+2)
By Eq 3
𝑎𝑛 = 3+ [4+6+8+--- + 𝑎𝑛−1 ]
𝑎𝑛 = 3 + (n-1) (n+2)
= 3+ n2 –n + 2n-2
𝑎𝑛 =n2 + n+ 1

Question 2
The number of integers from 1 to 100 which are neither divisible by 3, nor
by 5 nor by 7, is
(a) 67 (b) 55
(c) 45 (d) 33
Answer: c
Explanation:
Total No. – 100
divide by 3 = 100/3 = 33
divide by 5 = 100/5 = 20
divide by 7 = 100/7 = 14
= 33+20+14 = 67
3& 5 = 100/15=6
5& 7 = 100/35=2
7& 3 = 100/21=4
= 6+2+4 = 12
= 67-12 = 55
Total Divisible by 3,5&7 are 55
Total –divisible = not divisible
100-55 = 45

Question 3
In a geometric progression, the 3rd and 6th terms are respectively, 1 and -
1/8. The first term (a) and common ratio are respectively.
1 −1
(a) 4 and (b) 4 and
2 4
−1 1
(c) 4 and (d) 4 and
2 4
Answer: c
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Explanation:
By option c
a=4 & r = -1/2
Check 3rd GP
1/2 ×4 ====(4 time equals to) =1
checking 6th GP
1/2 ×4 =======(7 time equals to) =-0.125
=-1/8 = 0.125

July - 2021

Question 1
The number of terms of the series: 5 + 7 + 9 +…….. Must be taken so that the
sum may be 480
(a) 20 (b) 10
(c) 15 (d) 25
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation:
5 + 7 + 9 -------
a = 5, d = 2, s = 480
S = 𝑛⁄2 (2a + n - 1) d
480 = 𝑛⁄2 (2 (5) + (n – 1) (2)
480 = 𝑛⁄2 (10 + 2n – 2)
480 = n (2n +8)
480 = 2n2 + 8n
2n2 + 8n – 480
2(n2 + 4n – 480)
 n2 + 4n – 480
n2 + 20n + 24n – 480
n (n – 20) + 24(n – 20)
n + 24 = 0 n – 20 = 0
n = -24 n = 20

Question 2
The fifth term of an AP of n terms, whose sum is 𝐧𝟐 − 𝟐𝐧, is
(a) 5 (b) 7
(c) 8 (d) 15

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Answer: Options (b)

Explanation:-
Given: Sum of n terms of an AP = 𝑛2 − 2𝑛.
To find: The fifth term =?
Sum of ‘n’ terms of an AP = n2 – 2n
 Sum of 1st 5 terms
 s5 = 52 − 2. (5)
 25 – 10 = 15
Similarly,
Now, sum of first 4 terms
𝑆5 = 52 − 2. (5)
= 25 – 10 = 15
Similarly,
Now, sum of first 4 terms
S4 = 52 − 2. (4)
= 16 – 8 = 8
 The 5th term of an AP’’
 t 5 = S5 − S4 ...,(Using Tn = Sn - Sn−1 )
= 15 – 8
=7
So, option 2 is correct.

Question 3
The sum of three numbers in a geometric progression is 28. When 7, 2 and
1 are subtracted from the first, second and third numbers respectively,
then the resulting numbers are in arithmetic progression. What is the sum
of squares of the original three numbers?
(a) 510 (b) 456
(c) 400 (d) 336
Answer: Options (d)
If sum of three number in a G.P. IS 28
Then numbers re in G.P.
16, 8,,4
When 7, 2 and 1 are subtracted from first second and third numbers we get (16-
7), (8-2), (4-1)
So condition is satisfied
The sum of squares if the original
Three no. = (16)2 + (8)2 + (4)2
= 256 + 64 + 16

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= 336

Question 4
If the sum of `n’ terms of an AP (Arithmetic Progression) is 2𝒏𝟐 , the fifth
term is______
(a) 20 (b) 50
(c) 25 (d) 18
Answer: Option (c)
Explanation:
Given Sn = 2n2
S1 = 2 (1)2 = 2 × 1 = 2
S2 = 2 (2)2 = 2 × 4 = 8
S3 = 2 (3)2 = 2 × 9 = 18
T1 = S1 = 2
T2 = S2 − S1 = 8 − 2 = 6
T3 = S3 − S2 = 18 − 8 = 10
Series,
2, 6, 10,…..15 terms
a = 2, d = 6 – 2 = 4 , n = 15
Tn = a + (n-1) d
T15 = 2 + (5-1) × 4
=2+4×4
= 2 + 16
= 18

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CHAPTER - 7
SETS, RELATIONS AND
FUNCTIONS

Set Theory

Subset Types of Sets

Relation Function
s s

Types of
Types of Functions
Relations

A set is defined to be a collection of well – defined distinct

objects. This collection may be listed or described. Each object
is called an element of the set. We usually denote sets by
capital letters and their elements by small letters
SET
Singleton set A set containing one element is called
singleton
Equal set Two sets A & B are said to be equal,
written as A = B if every element of A
is in B and every element of B is in A.

VENN
DIAGRAMS

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A venn diagram is a diagram that shows all possible logical

relation between a fine collections of different sets. These
diagram depict elements as point in the plane, and sets as
region inside closed curves.

M S
EQUIVALENT SET Two finite sets A & B are said to be equivalent if n (A) = n (B).

The collection of all possible subsets of a given set A is called the power
POWER SET set of A, to be denoted by P (A).
1. A set containing n elements has 2n subsets.
2. A set containing n elements has 2n-1 proper subsets

Ordered Pair Two elements a and b, listed in a specific

pair, denoted by (a, b).
Cartesian If A and B are two non-empty sets, then the
Product of sets set of all ordered pairs (a, b) such that a
PRODUCT SETS belongs to A and b belongs to B, is called the
Cartesian product of A and B, to be denoted
by A × B. Thus, A × B = {(a, b) : a : A and b :
B} If

RELATION AND Any subset of the product set X,Y is said to define a relation from X to Y
and any relation from X to Y in which no two different ordered pairs
FUNCTION have the same first elements is called a function.
Let A and B be two non-empty sets. Then, a rule or a correspondence f
which associates to each element x of A, a unique element, denoted by
f(x) of B is called a function or mapping from A to B and we write f : A=B

DOMAIN & Let f: A= B then, A is called the domain of f, while B is called the co-
domain off.
RANGE OF A The set f (A) = {f(x): x =A} is called the range of f.
FUNCTION

VARIOUS TYPES OF FUNCTION

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•Let A be a non-empty set . Then, the function I defined by I : A * A : I (x)

IDENTITY FUNCTION = x for all x =A is called an identity function on A

•Two functions f and g are said to be equal, written as f = g if they have

EQUAL FUNCTION the same domain and they satisfy the condition f(x) = g(x), for all x.

•Let f be a one-one onto function from A to B. Let y be an arbitrary element of B.

INVERSE FUNCTION Then f being onto, there exists an element x in A such that f (x) = y A function is
invertible if and only if f is one-one onto.

•Let f : A*B. If different elements in A have different images in B,

ONE -ONE FUNCTION then f is said to be a one-one or an injective function or mapping
•Let f : A*B. If every element in B has at least one pre- image in A,
ONTO or SURJECTIVE then f is said to be an onto function. If f is onto, then
corresponding to each y = B, we must be able to find at least one
FUNCTION element x A such that y = f (x)Clearly, f is onto if and only if
range of f = B

BIJECTION FUNCTION •A one-one and onto function is said to be bijective

Let S = {a, b, c, ….} be any set then the relation R is a

subset of the product set S×S
i) If R contains all ordered pairs of the form (a, a) in
S×S, then R is called reflexive. In are flexible
relation 'a' is related to itself.
For example, 'Is equal to' is a reflexive relation for a = a
is true.
Different types of ii) If (a, b) =R =(b, a) R for every a, b*S then R is
relations called symmetric
For Example, a = bb = a. Hence the relation 'is equal to'
is a symmetric relation.
iii) If (a, b) =R and (b, c) =R (a, c) R for every a, b, c, S
then R is called transitive.
For Example a = b, b = c, a = c. Hence the relation 'is
equal to' is a transitive relation.
A relation which is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive is called an equivalence relation or
simply equivalence. 'is equal to' is an
equivalence relation.
Similarly, the relation "is parallel to" on the set S of all
straight lines in a plane is an equivalence relation.
Domain & Range of a If R is a relation from A to B, then the set of all first co-

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relation ordinates of elements of R is called the domain of R,

while the set of all second co-ordinates of elements of R
is called the range of R.

Question1
Which of the following statements is used to create an empty set?
(a) { } (b) Set ( )
(c) [ ] (d) ( )
Answer: b
Explanation:
{ } Creates a dictionary not a set. Only set ( ) creates an empty set.

Question 2
What is the output of the following piece of code when executed in the
python shell?
(a) { 2, 3} (b) Error, duplicate item present in
list
(c) Error, no method called (d) { 1, 4, 5 }
Intersection update for set data
type
Answer: a
Explanation:
The method intersection update returns a set which is an intersection of
both the sets.

Question 3
Which of the following lines code will result is an error?
(a) {abs} (b) s = {4, ‘abc’, (1,2) }
(c) { 1, 2, 5, 9} (d) {1, 5, 7, 9, 11}
Answer: d

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Explanation:
The line: s= {san} will result is an error because ‘san’ is not defined. The line
s= {abs} does not result in an error because abs is a built – in function. The
other sets shown do not result in an error because all the items are has h
able.

Question 4
What is the output of the code shown below?
S=set ([1, 2, 3,])
S, union ([4, 5})
S|([𝟒, 𝟓])
(a) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (b) Error {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(c) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Error (d) Error
Answer: c
Explanation:
The first function in the code shown above returns the set { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
This is because the method of the function union allows any alterable.
However, the second function results in an error because f unsupported
data type that is list and set.

Question 5
What is the output of the line of code shown below, if s1 = {1, 2, 3} Is
subset (s1?)
(a) True (b) Error
(c) No output (d) Proposition
Answer: a
Explanation:
Every set is a subset of itself and hence the output of this line of code is true.

Question 6
A _____ is an ordered collection of objects.
(a) Relation (b) Function
(c) Set (d) Proposition
Answer: c
Explanation:
A set is an ordered collection of objects.
Question 7
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The set of odd positive integers less than 10 can be expressed by ______
(a) {1, 2, 3} (b) {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
(c) {1, 2, 5, 9} (d) {1, 5, 7, 9, 11}
Answer: b
Explanation:
Odd numbers less than 10 is {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}.

Question 8
Power set of empty set has exactly _____ subset.
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 0 (d) 3
Answer: a
Explanation:
Power set of null set has exactly one subset which is empty set.

Question 9
What is the Cartesian product of A = {1, 2} and B = {a, b}?
(a) {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (b, b)} (b) {(1, 1), (2, 2), (a, a), (b, b)}
(c) {(1, a), (2, a), (1, b), (2, b)} (d) {(1, 1), (a, a), (2, a), (1, b)}
Answer: c
Explanation:
A subset R of the Cartesian Product A x B is a relation from the set A to the
set B.

Question 10
The Cartesian product B x A is equal to the Cartesian product A x B. Is
it True or False?
(a) True (b) False
(c) Partial true (d) Not sure
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let A = {1, 2} and B = {a, b}. The Cartesian product A x B = {(1, a), (1, b), (2,
a), (2, b)} and the Cartesian product B x A = {(a, 1), (a, 2), (b, 1), (b, 2)}. This
is not equal to A x B

Question 11
What is the cardinality of the set of odd positive integers less than 10?
(a) 10 (b) 5
(c) 3 (d) 20

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Answer: b
Explanation:
Set S of odd positive an odd integer less than 10 is {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}. Then
Cardinality of set S = |𝑆| which is 5.

Question 12
Which of the following two sets are equal?
(a) A = {1, 2} and B = { 1 } (b) A = {1, 2} and B = {1, 2, 3}
(c) A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 1, 3} (d) A = {1, 2, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3}
Answer: c
Explanation:
Two set are equal if and only if they have the same elements.

Question13
The set of positive integers is _________-
(a) Infinite (b) Finite
(c) Subset (d) Empty
Answer: a
Explanation:
The set of positive integers is not finite

Question 14
What is the Cardinality of the power set of the set {0, 1, 2}.
(a) 8 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 9
Answer: a
Explanation:
Power set P ({0, 1, 2}) is the set of all subsets of {0, 1, 2}. Hence, P ({0, 1, 2})
= {null, {0}, {1}, {2}, {0, 1}, {0, 2}, {0, 1, 2}}.

Question15
The members of the set S = {x |𝒙 is the square of an integer and x <
100} is __________
(a) {0, 2, 4, 5, 9, 58, 49, 56, 99,12} (b) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81}
(c) {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 64, 81, 85, (d) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64,
99} 121}
Answer: b
Explanation:
The set S consist of the square of an integer less than 10.

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Question16
Let the set A is the {1, 2, 3} and B is {2, 3, 4}. Then number of elements
in A U B is
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) 7
Answer: a
Explanation:
AUB is {1, 2, 3, 4}

Question 17
Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is {2, 3, 4}. Then number of elements in A Ո B
is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Answer: b
Explanation:
A Ո B is {2, 3}

Question 18
Let the set A is {1, 2, 3} and B is {2, 3, 4}. Then the set A – B is
(a) {1, -4} (b) {1,2,3}
(C) {1} (d) {2, 3}
Answer: c
Explanation:
In A – B the common elements get cancelled.

Question 19
In which of the following sets A - B is equal to B – A
(a) A = {1,2,3}, B = {2,3,4} (b) A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1,2,3,4}
(c) A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 1} (d) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = {2, 3, 4,
5, 1
Answer: c
Explanation:
A-B = B-A = Empty set.

Question 20

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Let A be set of all prime numbers; B be the set of all even prime
numbers. C be the set of all odd prime numbers, then which of the
following is true?
(a) A = B Ս C (b) B is a single on set
(c) A = C Ս {2} (d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d
Explanation:
2 is the only even prime number.

Question 21
If A has 4 elements B has 8 elements, then the minimum and maximum
number of elements in A Ս B are respectively
(a) 4, 8 (b) 8, 12
(C) 4, 12 (d) None of the mentioned
Answer: b
Explanation:
Minimum would be when 4 elements are sane as in 8, maximum would be
when all are distinct.

Question 22
If A is {{Φ}, {Φ, {Φ}}, then the power set of A has how many elements?
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8
Answer: b
Explanation:
The set A has got 2 elements so n (P (A)) = 4.

Question 23
Two sets A and B contains a and b elements respectively. If power ser
of A contains 16 more elements than that of B, value of ‘b’ and ‘a’ are
respectively
(a) 5, 4 (b) 6, 7
(c) 2, 3 (d) None of the mentioned
Answer: a
Explanation:
32 – 16 = 16, hence a=5, b=4

Question 24

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Let A be {1, 2, 3, 4}, Ս be set of all natural numbers, then Ս-A’

(complement of A) is given by set.
(a) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, …….} (b) {5, 6, 7, 8, 9, …….}
(c) {1, 2,3, 4} (d) All of the mentioned
Answer: c
Explanation:
Ս-A’ = A.

Question 25
Which sets are not empty?
(a) {x:x is a even prime greater (b) {x:x is a multiple of 2 and is
than 3} odd}
(c) {x:x is an even number and x+3 (d){x:x is a prime number is less
is even} than 5 and is odd}
Answer: d
Explanation:
Because the set is {3}

Question 26
If A, B and C are any three sets, then A-(BՈC) is equal to
(a) (A – B) Ս (A – C) (b) (A – B) Ո (A – C)
(c) (A – B) Ս C (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
From De Morgan’s Law, A – (B Ո C) = (A – B) Ս (A – C)

Question 27
Which of the following is the empty set?
(a) {x:x is a real number and x2 – 1 (b) {x:x is a real number and x2 +
=0 1= 0
(c) {x : x is a real number and x – 9 (d) {x : x is a real number and x2 = x
2

=0 +2
Answer: d
Explanation:
Since x2-1 =0, given x2 = -1
x=±1
No value of x is possible

Question 28

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If a set A has n elements, then the total number of subsets of A is

(a) n (b) n2
(c) 2n (d) 2n
Answer: c
Explanation:
Number of subsets of A = 𝑛𝑐0 + 𝑛𝑐1 ………+𝑛𝑐𝑛 = 2𝑛

Question 29
If A and B are any two sets, then AՍ(AՈB) is equal to
(a) A (b) B
(c) Ac (d) Bc
Answer: a
Explanation:
AՈB⊆A. Hence AՍ (AՈB) = A

Question 30
If two sets A and B are having 99 elements in common, then the
number of elements common to each of the sets A x B and B x A are
(a) 299 (b) 992
(c) 100 (d) 18
Answer: b
Explanation:
n ((A x B)Ո(B x A))
=n ((AՈB) x (BՈA)) = n (AՈB).n (BՈA)
= n (AՈB).n (AՈB) = (99) (99) = 992

Question 31
If A = {x : x is a multiple of 4} and B = { x : x is a multiple of 6} then A∩B
consists of all multiples of?
(a) 16 (b) 12
(c) 8 (d) 4
Answer: b
Explanation:
A = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 ……}
B = {6, 12, 18, 24, 30, …… A⊂B = {12, 24, ….}
= { x : x is a multiple of 12}.

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Question 32
If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {2, 4, 6}, C = {3, 4, 6}, Then (AՍB)ՈC is
(a) {3, 4, 6} (b) {1, 2, 3}
(c) {1, 4, 3} (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
AՍB = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} \ (AՍB) ՈC = {3, 4, 6}

Question 33
If n (A) =4, n (B) =3, n (A×B×C) =24, then n(C) =
(a) 288 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 17
Answer: c
Explanation:
n(A)=4, n(B)=3n(A)×n(B)×n(C)=n(A×B×C)4×3×n(C)=24
24
n(C)= = 2
12

Question 34
If A = {2, 3, 5}, B = {2, 5, 6}, then (A – B) × (A Ո B) is
(a) {(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5)} (b) {(3, 2), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
(c) {(3, 2), (3, 5)} (d) None of these
Answer: c
Explanation:
A-B = {3}, AՈB = {2, 5}
(A – B)× (AՈB) = {(3, 2); (3, 5)}

Question 35
The set of intelligent students in a class is [AMU 1998]
(a) A null set (b) A singleton set
(c) A finite set (d) Not a well definite collection
Answer: d
Explanation:
Since, intelligence is not defined for students in a class i.e. Not a well defined
collection.

Question 36
If A and B be any two sets, then (AՈB)’ is equal to
(a) A’ՈB’ (b) A’ՍB’

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(c) AՈB (d) AՍB

Answer: b
Explanation:
From De’ Morgan’s Law, (AՈB)’ = A’ՍB’

Question 37
In a class of 100 students, 55 students have passed in Mathematics and
67 students have passed in physics. Then the number of students who
have passed in Physics only is
(a) 22 (b) 33
(c) 10 (d) 45
Answer: d
Explanation:
n (M) = 55, n (P) = 67, n (MՍP) = 100 Now,
n (MՍP) = n (M) + n (P) – n(MՈP)
100=55+67-n (MՈP)\n (MՈP) = 122-100=22
Now n (P only) =n (P) – n(MՈP) = 67-22=45

Question 38
20 teachers of a school either teach mathematics or physics. 12 of
them teach mathematics while 4 teach both the subjects. Then the
number of teachers teaching physics only is
(a) 12 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let n (P) = Number of teachers in Physics. n (M)
= Number of teachers in Math’s n (PՍM) = n (P) +n (M)-n (PՈM)
20=n (P) +12-4
= n (P) = 12

Question 39
In a battle 70% of the combatants lost one eye, 80% an ear, 75% an
arm, 85% a leg, x% lost all the four limbs. The maximum value of x is
(a) 10 (b) 12
(c) 15 (d) None of these
Answer: a

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Explanation:
Minimum value of 1+ba>0
= 100 – 90 =10

Question 40
If A and B are not disjoint sets, then n(AՍB) is equal to [Kerala (Engg.)
2001]
(a) n(A)+n(B) (b) n(A)+n(B)-n(AՈB)
(c) n(A)+n(B)+n(AՈB) (d) n(A)n(B)n(A)-n(B)
Answer: b
Explanation:
n (AՍB) =n (A) +n (B)-n (AՈB)

Question 41
Let A and B be two sets such that n(A)=0.16, n(B)=0.14,n(AՍB)=0.25.
Then n (AՈB) is equal to
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.5
(c) 0.05 (d) None of these
Answer: c
Explanation:
n (AՍB) =n(A)+n(B)-n(AՈB)
0.25=0.16+0.14-n(AՈB)
n (AՈB) = 0.30-0.25=0.05

Question 42
Let A and B be two sets then (AՍB)’Ս (A’ՈB) is equal to
(a) A’ (b) A
(C) B’ (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
From Venn-Euler’s Diagram
 (AՍB)’Ս (A’ՈB) =A’

Question 43
If A and B are two sets then (A – B) Ս (B – A) Ս (A Ո B) is equal to
(a) A Ս B (b) A Ո B
(c) A (d) B’
Answer: a
Explanation:

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From Venn-Euler’s diagram

 (A – B)Ս (B – A) Ս (AՈB)

Question: 44
The shaded region in the given figure is:
(a) A Ո (B Ս C) (b) A Ս (B Ո C)
(c) A Ո (B – C) (d) A – (B Ս C)
Answer: d
Explanation:
From Venn-Euler’s diagram, A – (B Ս C)

Question 45
If A and B are two sets, then AՍB=AՈB
(a) A×B (b) B+A
(c) A = B (d) None of these
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let X∊A → X∊AՍB, [A⊆AՍB]
= X∊AՈB, [AՍB = AՈB]
= X∊A and X∊B
P × ∊B, \A⊆B
Similarly X∊B
= X∊A\B⊆A Now A⊆B, B⊆A
= A=B

Question 46
The number of non-empty subsets of the set {1, 2, 3, 4} is
(a) 15 (b) 14
(c) 16 (d) 17
Answer: a
Explanation:
The number of non – empty subsets = 2n -1
24 – 1 = 16 – 1 = 15

Question 47
Which set is the subset of all given sets
(a) {1, 2, 3, 4, …….} (b) {1}
(c) {0} (d) { }
Answer: d

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Explanation:
Null set is the subset of all given sets.

Question 48
A = {x: x ≠ x} represents
(a) {0} (b) { }
(c) {1} (d) {x}
Answer: b
Explanation:
It is fundamental concept.

Question 49
If A= {2, 4, 5}, B= {7, 8, 9}, then n (A × B) is equal to
(a) 6 (b) 9
(c) 3 (d) 0
Answer: b
Explanation:
A × B = {(2, 7), (2, 8), (2, 9), (4, 7), (4, 8), (4, 9), (5, 7), (5, 8), (5, 9)} n (A × B)
=n
n = 3 × 3 = 9.

Question 50
In a city 20 percent of the population travels by car, 50 percent travels
by bus and 10 percent travels by both car and bus. Then persons
travelling by car or bus are
(a) 80 percent (b) 40 percent
(c) 60 percent (d) 70 percent
Answer: c
Explanation:
n(c) = 20, n(B)= 50, n (C∪B) = 10 Now n (C∩B) = n(C)+ n(B) – n(C∪B) = 20 +
50 -10 = 60
Hence the required number of persons = 60%

Question 51
At a certain conference of 100 people there are 29 Indians women and
23 Indian men, out of these Indian people 4 are doctors and 24 are
either men or doctor. There are no foreign doctors. The numbers of
women doctors attending the conference is:
(a) 2 (b) 4

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(c) 1 (d) None of these

Answer: c
Explanation:
Let, M = Indian men, W = Indian women, D = Indian doctors.
According to question, n (M Ս D) = 24, n (M) = 23, n (W) = 29, n (D) = 4.
As per the set rule, n (M Ս D) = n (M) + n (D) – n (M Ո D). This implies, n
(MՈD) = 3.
Since, three men are doctors, therefore, number of women doctors = 4-3 =1

Question 52
The minimum value of the function f(x) = x2 – 6x + 10 is:
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 10
Answer: a
Explanation:
F(x) = x2 – 6x + 10
F(x) = 2x - 6
F(x) = 0 → 2x = 6 → x = 3
F (3) 32 – 6 × 3 + 10 = 19 -18 =1

Question 53
𝟏
If (x) = x3 + 𝟒 then value of f(x)-f (1/x) is equal to
𝒙
(a) 0 (b) 1
1
(c) 𝑥 3 + 4 (d) None of these
𝑥
Answer: a
Explanation:
1 1
𝑥3 + 4 - 3 + 𝑥4
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥3 𝑥4
+ 4
𝑥3 𝑥
-1+1 = 0

Question 54
‘’Is parallel to ‘’ over the set of straight line in a given plane is:
(a) Reflexive (b) Symmetric
(c) Transitive (d) Equivalence Relation
Answer: d
Explanation:

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Equivalent relation: An equivalent relation on a set S, is a relation on S

which is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. Example: Let S = Z and define R
= {(x, y) x and y have the same parity} i.e. x and y are either both even or
both odd.

PREPARE FOR WORST

Question 1
If A = [(x, y): x2 + y2 = 25] and B = [(x, y) : x2 + 9y2 = 144], then A ∩ B
contains _______ points.
(a) 6 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 4

Question 2
In a college of 300 students, every student reads 5 newspapers and every
newspaper is read by 60 students. The number of newspapers is
(a) 25 (b) 18
(c) 16 (d) 78

Question 3
𝒙−𝟑
If f(x) = , then f[f{f(x)}] equals _____ .
𝒙+𝟏
(a) f ([3+x] /[1-x]) (b) f ([89+x] /[1-x])
(c) f ([3-x] /[1-x]) (d) none

Question 4
Let f: R → R be defined by f (x) = 2x + |x|, then f (2x) + f (−x) − f (x) = _______.
(a) 4x (b) 2|x|
(c) 3|x| (d) none

Question 5
𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
.If f (x) = 𝟐 , for every real number. Then what is the minimum value of f?
𝒙 +𝟏
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4

Question 6
The Cartesian product A × A has 9 elements among which are found (–1, 0)
and (0, 1). Find the set A and the remaining elements of A × A.
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(a) (-1, -1), (-1, 1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, (b) (-1, 1), (1, 1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, -
-1), (1,0) and (1, 1) 1), (1, -1) and (1, 1).
(c) Neither a or b (d) can’t Justify

Question 7
Express the function f: A—R.f(x) = x2 – 1. Where A = {-4, 0, 1, 4) as a set of
ordered pairs.
(a) {(-4, 15), (0, -1), (1, 0), (4, 15)} (b) (-1, 1), (1, 1), (0, -1), (0, 0), (1, -
1), (1, -1) and (1, 1).
(c) Neither a or b (d) . {(4, 15), (1, 1), (1, 0), (4, -15)}

Question 8
Assume that A = {1, 2, 3… 14}. Define a relation R from A to A by R = {(x, y):
3x – y = 0, such that x, y , A}. Determine and write down its range, domain,
and codomain.
Question 9
If R = {(a, a3): a is a prime number less than 5} ne a relation. Find the Range
of R.
(a) {8,27} (b) {-8,27}
(c) Neither a or b (d) Both a & b

Question 10
If R = {(x, y): x+2y = 8} is a relation on N, then write the range of R.
(a) {8,2,7} (b) {3,2,1}
(c) Neither a or b (d) Both a & b

Question 11
If A= {1,2,3}; {4,5,6,7} and f={(1,4), (2,5),(3,6) is a function from A to B. State
whether f is one- one or not
(a) One - One (b) One- Two
(C) One to Many (d) Many to One

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Past Examination Questions

MAY - 2018
Question 1
Let N be the set of all natural numbers; E be the set of all even natural
numbers then the function
F: N = E defined as f(x) = 2x – VxEN is =
(a) One-one-into (b) Many-one-into
(c) One-one onto (d) Many-one-onto
Answer: c
Given
N = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6 ………… ∞}
E = {2, 4, 6, 8 …………∞}
F: N → E
f(x) = 2x – V × EN
F(x) = -2x
F (1) = 2 X 1 = 2
F (2) = 2 X 2 = 4
F (3) = 2 X 3 = 6
Range of function = {2, 4, 6, ……..} = E
And / (X1) = f) X2)
2 ×1 = 2 × 2 = X2
So f(x) function is one-one and onto.

Question 2
In a town of 20,000 families it was found that 40% families buy newspaper.
A1 20% families buy newspaper B and 10% families buy newspaper c, 5%
families buy A and B, 3% buy B and C and A and C if 2% families buy all the
three newspapers, then the number of families which by A only is :
(a) 6600 (b) 6300
(c) 5600 (d) 600
Answer: a
Explanation:
Total Families n (u) = 20000
No. of families who buy Newspapers ‘A’ n (A) = 40% of 20000 = 8000
No. of families who buy Newspapers ‘B’ n (B) = 20% OF 2000 = 4000

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No. of families who buy Newspapers ‘C’

N(c) = 10% of 20000 = 2000
No. of families who buy Newspapers A & B
N (A Ո B) = 5% OF 20000 = 1000
No. of families who buy Newspapers B & C
n (B Ո C) = 3% OF 20000 = 600
No. of families who buy Newspapers C & A
n(C Ո A) = 4% OF 20000 = 800
No. of families who buy all Newspapers n (AՈBՈC) = 2% OF 20000 = 400
No. of families who buy Newspapers ‘A’ only
= n (A Ո B Ո C)
= n (A) – n (A n B) – n (A n C) + n (n B n C)
= 8000-1000-800+400 = 6600

Question 3
The numbers of proper sub set of the set {3, 4, 5, 6, and 7} is:
(a) 32 (b) 31
(c) 30 (d) 25
Answer: b
A = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
n (A)’ = 5
No. of proper set = 2n-1
= 25 – 1
= 32-1
= 31

NOV - 2018
Question 1
A is [1, 2, 3, 4} and B is {1, 4, 9, 16, and 25} if a function f is defined from to B
where f(x) = x2 then the range of f is:
(a) {1, 2, 3,4} (b) {1, 4, 9, 16}
(c) {1, 4, 9, 16, 25} (d) None of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
B = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
If f : A – B and f (x) = x2

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F (1) = (1)2 = 1
F (2) = (2)2 = 4
F (3) = (3)2= 9
F (4) = (4)2 = 16
Range off = {1, 4, 9, and 16}

Question 2
2. If A = {1, 2} and B:; {3, 4}. Determined the number of relations from A and
B
(a) 3 (b) 16
(c) 5 (d) 6
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given
A = {1, 2}
B = {3, 4}
A x B = {1, 2} x {3, 4}
= {(1, 3) (1, 4) (2, 3) (2, 4)}
n (A×B) = 4
No. of relation from A and B = 2n
= 24
=16
Or
A Shortcut:
A = {1,2}, n (A) = 2
B = {3, 4}, n (B) = 2
No. of relation from A and B = 2m×n
22×2
= 24 = 16

Question 3
If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and B = {2, 4, 6, 8}. Cardinal member of A – B is:
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 9 (d) 7
Answer: a
Explanation:
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
B = {2, 4, 6, 8}
A – B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} – {2, 4, 6, 8}

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= {1, 3, 5, 7}
n (A-B) = 4

Question 4
Identify the function from the following:
(a) {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3)} (b) {(1, 1), (2, 1), (2, 3)}
(c) {(1, 2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2)} (d) None of these
Answer: c
Explanation:
{(1, 2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2)} is the function
Many one function

MAY - 2019
Question 1
If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 8}; C= {2, 6, 8,} then find = (A – B) Ս C
(a) {2, 6} (b) {2, 6, 8}
(c) {2, 6, 8, 9} (d) None of these
Answer: c
Explanation:
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,}
B ={1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, }
C = {2, 6, 8}
A-B = {2, 6, 9}
(A – B) Ս C = {2, 6, 8, 9}

Question 2
If (x) = x2 and x=g(x) √𝒙 then
(a) go, f(3) = 3 (b) go f (-3) = 9
(c) go, f(9) = 3 (d) go f (-9) = 3
Answer: a
Explanation:
gof = g (f(x)) = √𝑥 2
gof = x …………. (1)
Put this equations in above objectives
Option first:
go, f(3) =3
Hence option 1 is correct

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Question 3
(𝒙,𝒚)
A = {1, 2, 3, 4,…………10} a relation on A, R = { = 10, x ≥ A, y≥A, X ≥ Y}
𝒙+𝒚
then Domain of R-1 is
(a) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (b) {0, 3, 5, 7, 9}
(c) {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7} (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Question 4
If A = {a, b, c, d}: B = {p, q, r, s} which of the following relation is a function
from A to B
(a) R1 = {(a, p), (b, q), (c, s)} (b) R2 = {(p, a), (b, r), (d, s)}
(c) R3 = {(b, p), (c, s), (b, r)} (d) R4 = {(a, p)(b, r)(c, q), (d, s)}
Answer: d
Explanation:
Unique mapping: A map is way of associating unique objects to every element in
a given set. So a map from to is a function such that for every, there is a unique
object. The terms function and mapping are synonymous for map.

NOV - 2019
Question 1
(𝐀𝐓 )𝐓 =?
(a) A (b) AT
(c) AT.AT (d) A2T
Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) (AT)T = A
1 2
Example A = ( )
3 4
1 3
AT = ( )
2 4
1 2
(AT)T = ( ) =A
3 4
So, (AT) T = A

Question 2

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F (n) = f (n-1) + f (n-2) when n = 2, 3, 4 ……….f (0) = 0,

F (1) = 1 then f (7) =?
(a) 3 (b) 5
(c) 8 (d) 13
Answer: d
Explanation:
(d) F (n) = f (n-1) + f (n-2)
F (2) = f (1) + f (0) = 1 + 0 = 1 = f (2)
F (3) = f (2) + f (1) = 1 + 1 = 2 = f (3)
F (4) = f (3) + f (2) = 2+1 = 3
Similarly,
f (7) = f(6) + f(5)
f (7) = [f(5) + f(4) + [f(4) + f(3)]
f (7) = [f(4) + f(3) + f(4)] + (f(4) + f(3)]
f(7) = [3 + 2 +3] + [ 3 + 2]
r (7) = 13

Question 3
𝟏
f(x) = x + find f—1(y)
𝒙
1 1
(a) (b)
(𝑥−1) (𝑦−1)
(c) 1_1 (d) x
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑥+1
(a) F(x) = ………..Equation (1)
𝑥
Let f(x) = y
X = f-1(y)
Further Solving ………..Equation (1)
𝑥+1
Y=
𝑥
XY = x + 1 => xy – x = 1 =>x (y – 1) = 1
1
X=
(𝑦−1)
1
f-1 (y) =
(𝑦−1)
1
f-1(y) =
(𝑥−1)

DEC - 2020

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Question 1
Two finite sets respectively have x and y number of elements. The total
number of subsets of the first is 56 more than the total no. of sub sets of the
second. The values of x,y are respectively _____
(a) 4 and 2 (b) 6 and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 3 and 6
Answer: d
Explanation:
Let A has x elements
Let B has y elements
Total number of students of A=2m
Total number of students of B=2n
It is given ⇒2m−2n=56
2y(2x−y−1)=56
⇒2y=even and 2x−y−1=0 Basic odd
Now,
56=8×7=23× 7
⇒2y (2x−y−1) =23×7
⇒n=3
Now, 8(2y−3−1) =8×7
⇒2y−3−1=7
⇒2y−3=8=23
⇒y−3=3
⇒y=6.

Question 2
The number of items in the set A is 40, in the Set B is 32; in the Set C is 50; in
both A and B is 4; in both A and C is 5; in both B and C is 7; in all the set is 2.
How many are in only one set?
(a) 96 (b) 110
(c) 106 (d) 84
Answer: d
Explanation:
 In only one set,
There are 29 + 19 + 36
= 84
Hence, D is the correct option.

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Question 3
The set of cubes of natural numbers is
(a) Null set (b) Finite set
(c) Infinite set (d) A finite set of three numbers
Answer: c
Explanation:
A set is countable infinite if its elements can be put in one-to-one correspondence
with the set of natural numbers. For example, the set of integers {0, 1, −1, 2, −2, 3,
−3,} is clearly infinite.

Question 4
The inverse function 𝒇−𝟏 of F(y) = 3x is _______
(a) 1/3y (b) y/3
(c) -3y (d) 1/y
Answer: b
Explanation:
F(y) = 3x
y=3x
𝑦
x= ⁄3
𝑥 𝑦
y= so x =
3 3

Jan - 2021
Question: 1
The set of cubes of natural number is
(a) Null set (b) A finite set
(c) An infinite set (d) Singleton set
Answer: c
Explanation:

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The set of cubes of the natural numbers is an infinite set.

Question: 2
In the set of all straight lines on a plane which of the following is Not True?
(a) ‘Parallel to’ an equivalent (b) ‘Perpendicular to’ is a
relation symmetric relation
(c) ‘Perpendicular to’ is an (d) ‘Parallel to’ is a reflexive
equivalence relation relation.
Answer: c
Explanation:
Perpendicular to’ is an equivalence relation

Question: 3
Let F. R ➔ R be defined by
𝟐𝒙 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒙 > 3
F(x) = { 𝒙𝟐 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝟏 < 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝟑𝒙 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏
The value of f(-1) + f(2) + f(4) is
(a) 9 (b) 14
(c) 5 (d) 6
Answer: a
Explanation:
2𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 3
Given that f (x) = { 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 1 < 𝑥 ≤ 3
3𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ 1
f(−1) =3(-1) = -3
f(2)= 22 = 4
f(4) = 2(4) =8
= −3 + 4 + 8 = 9

July – 2021
Question 1
Let U be the universal set, A and B are the subsets of U. If n (U) = 650, n (A)
=310, n (A∩B) = 95 and n (B) = 190, then n(𝐀 ̅∩𝐁 ̅ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁
̅ ) is equal to (𝐀 ̅ are
the complete of A and B respectively)
(a) 400 (b) 300
(c) 200 (d) 245

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Answer: Options (d)

Explanation:
Let
n (U) = 650, n(A) = 310, n(A∩B) = 95, n(B) = 190
n (A∩B) = 95, n(A′ ∩ B’)
Now,
n (A∩B) = n (AUB)
= n (U) - n (AUB)
= n (U) – {n (A) + n (B) + n(A∩B) }
= 650 – {310 + 190 – 95}
= 650 - 450
= 245

Question 2
The range of function f defined by f (x) = √𝟏𝟔 − 𝐱 𝟐 is
(a) [-4,0] (b) [-4,4]
(c) [0,4] (d) (-4,4)
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
Here f (x) = √16 − x 2
Y = √16 − x 2
On squaring both side
y 2 = 16 − x 2
x 2 = 16 − y 2
X = √16 − y 2 16 – y2 ≥ 0
16 ≥ y2
±4 ≥𝑦
Range of function = [-4,4]

Question 3
𝐱−𝟐
Let A = R – {3} and B = R – {1}. Let f A→B defined by f (x) = what is value
𝐱−𝟑
𝟏
of 𝐟 −𝟏 ( )?
𝟐
(a) 2/3 (b) 3/4
(c) 1 (d) -1
Answer: Options (c)
A = R -3, B = R -1
𝑥−2
F(x) =
𝑥−3

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f: A → B is defined as
Let, x, y ∈ A such that f(x) = f(y)
x−2 y−2
⇒ =
x−3 y−3
⇒ x – 2y – 3 = y - 2x -3
⇒ xy – 3x – 2y + 6 = xy – 3y – 2x + 6
⇒ - 3x – 2y = -3y – 2x
⇒ 3x – 2x = 3y – 2y
⇒x=y
∴ f is one – one.

Question 4
If f (x) = x2 -1 and g (x) = |2x + 3|, then fog (3) – gof (-3) =
(a) 71 (b) 61
(c) 41 (d) 51
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
Here f(x) = x 2 – 1 and g (x) = |2𝑥 − 3|
F (x) = 32 - 1 = 8 f(-3) = 8, g (3) = 9, x (-3) = 3
Fog (3) = f{g(3)}
= 92 - 1
= 81 – 1 = 80
g of (-3) = g{f(-3)}
= g {8}
= |2 × 8 + 3|
= 19
Fog (3) – g of (-3) = 80 – 19
= 61

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CHAPTER - 8
BASIC CONCEPTS OF
DIFFERENTAL AND INTEGRAL
CALCULUS

(A) DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

Calculus

Integral Calculus Differential Calculus

Methods of Basic
Substitution Formulas

Basic Laws of Applications

Some Standard
Differentiation Results

Differentiation is one of the most important fundamental operations

INTRODUCTION in calculus. Its theory primarily depends on the idea of limit and
continuity of function.

DERIVATIVE OR
DIFFERENTIALCOEF Let y = f(x) be a function. If h be the small increment in x and the

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FICIENT corresponding increment in y or f(x) be y = f(x+h) – f(x)

STANDARD FORMULAS

A function in the form f(x, y) = 0. For example,

IMPLICIT x2y2 + 3xy + y = 0 where y cannot be directly
defined as a function of x is called an implicit
FUNCTIONS function of x.

PARAMETRIC
When both the variables x and y are expressed in
terms of a parameter (a third variable), the
EQUATION involved equations are called parametric
equations.
For the parametric equations x = f(t) and y = h(t) the
𝑑𝑦
differential coefficient
𝑑𝑥

LOGARITHMIC
The process of finding out derivative by taking

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DIFFERENTIATION logarithm in the first instance is called logarithmic

differentiation.

GEOMETRIC INTERPRETATION OF THE DERIVATIVE

COST FUNCTION TOTAL COST CONSISTS OF TWO PARTS (I) VARIABLE

COST (II) FIXED COST.

AVERAGE COST 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝑪(𝑿)

(AC OR C ) 𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑿̅

AVERAGE 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑉(𝑋)

VARIABLE COST 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑋̅
(AVC)

AVERAGE FIXED 𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝐹(𝑋)

COST (AFC) 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑋̅

MARGINAL COST If C(x) the total cost producing x units then the increase in
cost in producing one more unit is called marginal cost at
an output level of x units

Revenue, R(x), gives the total money obtained

REVENUE FUNCTION (Total turnover) by selling units of a product. If
x units are sold at‘ P per unit, then R(x) = P.X

Profit P(x), the difference of between total

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PROFIT FUNCTION revenue R(x) and total Cost C (x).

(B) INTEGRAL CALCULUS

INTEGRATION
f'(x)

INTEGRATION DIFFERENTIATION

f(x)

Integration is the reverse process of differentiation.

DEFINITEINTEGRATI
ON

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Question 1
𝒅𝒚
Find an expression for y given = 𝟕𝒙𝟓
𝒅𝒙
(a) 6 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 5
Answer: a
Explanation:
dy
= 7x 5 → dy = 7x5dx
dx
Integrating both sides, we have
7x6
∫ dy = ∫ 7x 5 dx → y = 6
+c

Question 2

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𝟑
𝒅𝒚
Find an expression for y given = 𝒙−𝟒
𝒅𝒙
2 1
(a) (b)
3 4

(c)
5 (d) None
4

Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥 −3/4
𝑑𝑥
3 1
𝑥 − ⁄4+1 𝑥 ⁄4
Y= 3 = 1⁄
− +1 4
4
1
Y= 4𝑥 ⁄4

Question 3
-12x-4 = ∫ −𝟏𝟐𝐱 −𝟒 - dx solve it;
(a) 6 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Answer: d
Explanation:
dy = ∫ −12𝑥 −4 dx
𝑎𝑥 𝑛+1
= -12 ∫ 𝑥 −4 𝑑𝑥 Use ∫ 𝑎𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎 ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +c
𝑛+1
−12𝑥 −3
= +( )+c n = -4, n + 1 = -4 + 1 = -3
−3
−12
Y = 4x-3 + c Simplifying fraction, =4
3

Question 4
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏
Given f ‘(x) = 𝒙𝟑 - 𝒙𝟒 + π, find f (x)
𝟐 𝟒
(a) 6 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) None
Answer: d
Explanation:
1 1
1 1
𝑥 - 𝑥 +𝜋
3 4
2 4

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1 1
1 1
∫ 2 𝑥 dx - ∫ 4 𝑥 dx + ∫ 𝜋𝑑𝑥
3 4

1 1
1 1
2
∫ 𝑥 3 dx - 4 ∫ 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 + 𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
4 5
1 1
𝑥 3 𝑥 4 𝜋𝑥
= 2
4 - 4
5 + +c
2
3 4

4
5
3𝑥 3 1 4
= - × 𝑥 4 + 𝜋𝑥 + c
8 4 5

Question 5
𝟐 𝟑 𝟏
Given f ‘(x) = ∫ ( + 𝟐 + 𝟓 ) dx
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
(a) -6 (b) 2

(c) -4 (d) None

Answer: c
Explanation:

2 3 1
∫ {x + x2 + } dx
x5
2
= ∫ ( + 3x −2
+ x −5 ) dx write as negative exponence
x
2
= ∫ dx + ∫ 3x −2 dx + ∫ x −5 dx Use ∫ f(x)dx + g(x)dx = ∫ f(x)dx +
x
∫ g(x)dx
3x−1 x−4 axn+1
= 2 In |x| + + +c Use ∫ ax n dx = a ∫ x n dx = +c
−1 −4 n+1
3 1 3
= 2 In |x| - - +c Simplify
x 4x4 −1

Question 6
𝟑
Integrate ∫ 𝟏 dx
𝒙𝟐
(a) 6√𝑥 + 𝑐 (b) √𝑥 + 𝑐

(c) 8√𝑥 + 𝑐 (d) 9√𝑥 + 𝑐

Answer: a
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Explanation:
3 1
∫ 1 dx = ∫ 3x − ⁄2
𝑥2
1
3x− ⁄2+ 1
= 1 +c
− +1
2
1
3𝑥 2
= 1 +c
2
1
= 6𝑥 +c 2

= 6√𝑥 + c

Question 7
𝒅𝟐 𝒚
Find y as a function of x if = 2x when x = 2, y = 7
𝒅𝒙𝟐
𝑥3 𝑥2
(a) y = +c (b) y = +c
3 3
𝑥
(c) y = + 𝑐 (d) None
3

Answer: a
Explanation:
∫ 2xdx = 2 ∫ xdx
2x1+1 axn+1
=( )+c Use ∫ ax n dx = a ∫ x n dx = +c
1+1 n+1
dy
= x2 + c Multiply of fraction/simplify
dx
dy
Finding y = ∫ = ∫ x 2 dx
dx
x3 1
Y= +c Use ∫ x n dx = x n−2 + c
3 n+1
At (2, 7)
23
7= +c Substituting x = 2 and y = 7 to find c
3
21
C=
8
x3
Thus, the function is y = + c.
3

Question 8

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𝟏 𝟏
Integrate ∫ (𝒘 + ) (𝒘 − ) dx
𝒘 𝒘
𝑤3 1 𝑤3 1
(a) + (b) + +c
3 𝑤 3 𝑤

(c)
𝑤
+
1
+𝑐 (d) None
3 𝑤

Answer: b
Explanation:
1 1
∫(w + )(w − ) dw
w w
1
= ∫ (w − 2 )dw 2
Express the product as a difference of
w
two squares
1
= ∫ w 2 dw - ∫ 2dw Use ∫ f(x)dx + g(x)dx = ∫ f(x)dx +
w
∫ g(x)dx
= ∫ w 2 dw − ∫ w −2 dw Express in negative exponential form
w3 1 1
= + +c Use ∫ x n dx = x n−1 + c. Simpliify
3 w n+1

Question 9
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
If 𝟐 = 10 – 3x, find +c
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
3 3
(a) 10x - 𝑥 2 +c (b) 10x - +c
2 2

(c) 10 - 𝑥 2 + c
3
(d) none
2

Answer: a
Explanation:
dy
= ∫(10 − 3x) dx = ∫ 10dx − ∫ 3xdx Use ∫ f(x)dx + g(x)dx =
dx
∫ f(x)dx + ∫ g(x)dx
3x1+1 axn+1
=10x -( )+c Use ∫ ax n dx =a ∫ x n dx = +c
1+1 n+1
3x2
= 10x - ( ) +c Simplify
2
3 2
= 10x - x +c
2

Question 10

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Calculate ∫ 𝒙𝟕 𝒅𝒙
1 1
(a) 𝑥 7 +c (b) 𝑥 7 + 𝑐
8 7

1
(c) 𝑥 8 + 𝑐 (d) None
8

Answer: c
Explanation:
1 1
∫ 𝑥 7 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 7+1 +c Use ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 dx = 𝑥 7+1 +c and substitute n =7
7+1 𝑛+1

1
= 𝑥8 + c
8

Question 11
If ∫ 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙𝒆− 𝐥𝐨𝐠|𝒙| + f(x), then f(x) is
(a) 1 (b) 0

(c) 𝑐𝑒 𝑥 (d) logx

Answer: c
Explanation:
1
log| | x
∫ f(x)dx = xe x + f(x) ➔∫ f(x)dx = |x|
+ f(x)
On differentiating both sides, we get
F(x) = 0 + f ‘(x) we know
d
(ex ) = ex ,  f(x) = cex
dx

Question 12
𝐭 𝐝𝐱
If f (t) =∫−𝐭 𝟐 , then f’ (1) is
𝟏+𝐱
(a) 0 (b)
2
3

(c) -1 (d) 1

Answer: d
Explanation:
t dx
Given f(t) - ∫−t = [tan−1 x]t−t = 2 tan−1 t
1+x2

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2
Differentiating with respect to f ‘(t) =
1+t2
2
ᵨ f ’ (1) = = 1
2

Question 13
The existence of first order partial derivatives implies continuity
(a) True (b) False

(c) Not sure (d) Invalid Question

Answer: b
Explanation:
The mere existence cannot be declared as a condition for continuity
because the second order derivates should also be continuous.

Question 14
𝒅𝒚
y = (x2(1 + x3)) find
𝒅𝒙
(a) –(2x + 5x )sin 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )
4 ( 2
(b) (2x + 5x4)sin (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 5 )

(c) (2𝑥 + 5𝑥 4 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 5 ) (d) none

Answer: d
Explanation:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= -sin (x2 + x5) (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 5 ) using the chain rule
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= - (sin (𝑥 + 𝑥 ))(2𝑥 + 5𝑥 4 ) using the basic derivatives
2 5
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= - (2x + 5𝑥 4 )sin (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 5 ) reordering factors
𝑑𝑥

Question 15
If f(x) = xk and f ‘(1) = 10, then the value of k is
(a) 10 (b) -10

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(c)
1
(d) None
10

Answer: a
Explanation:
F(x) = 𝑥 𝑘
F(1) = f (1) = k × 1
10 = k × 1
K = 10

Question 16
𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒙+𝟓
The points of discontinuity of the function, f(x) = 𝟐 are
𝒙 −𝟑𝒙+𝟐
(a) x=0, x=1 (b) x=1, x=2

(c) x=0, x=2 (d) None

Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑥 2 +2𝑥+5
f(x) = 2
𝑥 −3𝑥+2
Denominator = 0
X2 – 3x +2 = 0
(x-1)(x-2) = 0
X= 1, x = 2

Question 17
The gradient of a function is parallel to the velocity vector of the
level curve
(a) True (b) False

(c) Not sure (d) Invalid questions

Answer: b
Explanation:
The gradient is perpendicular and not parallel to the velocity vector of
the level curve.

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Question 18
y = (8 + 𝒙𝟑 ) (𝒙𝟑 - 8)

(a) 6𝑥 5 (b) 𝑥 5

(c) 6x (d) None

Answer: a
Explanation:
This problem is solvable as a product but if you realize that you are
looking at a difference of two squares, it because very simple.
Y = (8 + x3) (x3 – 8) = x6 - 64
𝑑𝑦
= 6x5
𝑑𝑥

Question 19
If (x, y, z, t) = xy + zt + x2 y z t; x = k3; y = k2; z = k; t = √𝒌
𝒅𝒇
Find at k = 1
𝒅𝒕
(a) 34 (b) 16

(c) 32 (d) 61

Answer: b
Explanation:
Using chain rule we have
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑡
= fx. f y. + f z. + ft.
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑘 𝑑𝑘 𝑑𝑘 𝑑𝑘
1
= (y + 2xy zt). (3k2) + (x + x2zt). (2k) + (t + x2yt).(1) + (z + x2yz).( )
2√𝑘
Put k = 1; we have x=y=z=t=1
9 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 16.

Question 20
𝒅𝒇
If (x, y) = x2 + y3; x = t2 + t3 ; y = t3 + t9 find at t=1.
𝒅𝒕
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) -1 (d) 164
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Answer: d
Explanation:
Using chain rule we have
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= fx . + fy .
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
x = (2x). (2t + 3t2) + (3y2).(3t2 + 9t8)
Put t = 1; we have x = 2; y = 2
= 4.(5) + 12.(12) = 164.

Question 21
f(x, y) = x2 + xyz + z find fx at (1, 1, 1)
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) -1
Answer: c
Explanation:
Fx= 2x + yz
Put (x, y,z) = (1, 1, 1)
Fx = 2 + 1 = 3.

Question 22
Necessary condition of Euler’s theorem is
(a) z should be homogenous and of (b) x should not homogeneous but
order n for order n
(c) Should be implicit (d) should be the function of x and
y only
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
Of x and y of order ‘n’ then x + 𝑦 = 𝑛𝑧"
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Answer ‘b’ is incorrect as z should be homogeneous.
Answer ‘c’ is incorrect as z should not be implicit.
Answer ‘d’ is incorrect as z should be the homogeneous function of x and
y not non-homogeneous functions.

Question 23
𝒙+𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒛
If f(x, y) = , x + y =?
𝒚 𝒅𝒛 𝒅𝒚
(a) 0 (b) 1
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(c) 2 (d) 3
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑦
𝑥+𝑦 [1+𝑥] 𝑦
Given function f (x, y) = can be written as f(x, y) = 𝑦 = x 0 f( ),
𝑦 𝑥
𝑥
Hence by Euler’s theorem.
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
x +y =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

Question 24
𝟏
Find the approximate value of [𝟎. 𝟗𝟖𝟐 + 𝟐. 𝟎𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏. 𝟗𝟒𝟐] ⁄𝟐
(a) 1.96 (b) 2.96

(c) 0.04 (d) -0.04

Answer: b
Explanation:
1
Let f(x, y, z) = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) ( ) ………….(1)
2
Hence, x = 1, y = 2, z = 2, so that dx = -0.02, dy = 0.01, dz = -0.06
From (1)
df x
=
dx f
𝑑𝑓 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑦 𝑓
𝑑𝑓 𝑧
=
𝑑𝑧 𝑓
𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓 𝑑𝑓 (𝑥𝑑𝑥+𝑦𝑑𝑦+𝑧𝑑𝑧) −0.02+0.01−0.12
df = dx + 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧 = = = -0.04
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑓 3
[0.982 + 2.012 + 1.942]1/2 = f (1, 2, 2) +df = 3 – 0.04 = 2.96

Question 25
𝒙𝟑 +𝒚𝟑
f (x,y) = find the value of fy at (x, y) = (0, 1)
𝒙𝟗𝟗 +𝒚𝟗𝟖 𝒙+𝒚𝟗𝟗
(a) 101 (b) -96
(c) 210 (d) 0
Answer: b
Explanation:
Using Euler theorem
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Xfx + yfy = n f(x, y)

Substituting x = 0; n = -96 and y = 1 we have
Fy = -96. F (0, 1) = -96.(1 / 1)
= - 96

Question 26
f (x, y) = x3 + xy2 + 901 satisfies the Eulers theorem
(a) True (b) False
(c) Not sure (d) Invalid questions
Answer: b
Explanation:
The function is not homogenous and hence does not satisfy the condition
posed by euler’s theorem.

Question 27
For a homogenous function if critical points exist the value at
critical points is
(a) 1 (b) equal to its degree
(c) 0 (d) -1
Answer: c
For a homogeneous function if critical points exist the value at critical
points is? f(a, b) = 0(a, b) → critical points. nf (a, b) = 0 ⇒ f(a, b) = 0(a, b)
→ critical points. Explanation: Euler's theorem is nothing but the linear
combination asked here, The degree of the homogeneous function can be
a real number.
Question 28
𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒏 𝒏 𝒏 𝟏
[ 𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝟐 + …. + ] is equal to
𝒏 → ∞ 𝟏+𝒏 𝟒+𝒏 𝟗+𝒏 𝟐𝒏

𝜋 𝜋
(a) (b)
2 4

(c) 1 (d) None of these

Answer: d
Explanation:
lim n n 1
We have ⌊ 2+ + ______ + ⌋
n → ∞ 1+n 4+n2 2n

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lim n n lim ∑n n
= ∫r=1 r2+n2 = r=1 2 r2
n→∞ n→∞ n (1+ 2 )
n
lim ∑n 1 1 dx
= r=1 r2
- ∫0
n→ ∞ n(1+ 2 ) 1+x2
n
n−1 1
lim r 1
{Applying formula, ∑ {f ( )} . = ∫ f(x)dx}
n→ ∞ n n 0
r=0
1 π
= [tan−1 x] = tan−1 1 – tan -10 = .
0 4

Question 29
For homogenous function with no saddle points we must have the
minimum value as
(a) 90 (b) 1

(c) Equal to degree (d) 0

Answer: d
Explanation:
Substituting fx = fy = 0 At critical in euler’s theorem we have
nf (a, b) = 0 ➔ f(a, b) = 0(a, b) → critical points.

Question 30
𝒙𝟑 𝟏
The derivates of f(x) = ∫𝒙𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒕dt, (x>0) is
1 1 1
(a) − (b)
3 log 𝑥 2 log 𝑥 3 log 𝑥

(c)
3𝑥 2 (d) (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 )−1 .x (x -1)
3 log 𝑥

Answer: d
Explanation:
We know that

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d b db da
(∫a f(t)dt) = f(b) - f(a) a and b
dx dx dx
x2 1
Are functions of x  f(x) = ∫x2 dt ᵨ
log t
d 1 d 1
F’(x) = (x3) 3 -
(x 2 )
dx logx dx logx2
3x2 2x
= - = x(x-1)(log x)−1
3 log x 2 log x

Question 31
𝒙
The greatest value of the function f(x)= ∫𝟏 |𝒕|dt on the interval
𝟏 𝟏
[− , ] is given by ?
𝟐 𝟐
3 1
(a) (b) -
8 2

3 2
(c) - (d)
8 5

Answer: c
Explanation:
1 1
𝑓 𝑑 (x) = |𝑥 |> 0⩝x ∊[− , ] hence the
2 2
1 1
Function is increasing on [− , ] and therefore f(x) has
2 2
1 1
Maximum at the right point of [− , ]
2 2
1
1 3
ᵨ Max f(x) = f ( ) = ∫1 |𝑡|dt - - . 2
2 8

Question 32
For homogenous function the linear combination of rates of
independent change along x and y axis is
(a) Integral multiple function value (b) no relation to function value

(c) real multiple of function value (d) depends if the function is a

polynomial

Answer: c
Explanation:

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Euler’s theorem is nothing but the linear combination asked here, The
degree of the homogeneous function can be a real number. Hence, the
value is integral multiple of real number.

Question 33
𝒃−𝒄
∫𝟎 𝒇𝒏 (x + a) dx =Homogenous function can be a real number.
Hence the value is integral multiple of real number.
(a) f’(a)-f’(b) (b) f’(b-c+a)-f’(a)

(c) f’ (b+c-a) +f’(a) (d) None of these

Answer: b
Explanation:
b−c
∫0 f n (x + a) dx

= [𝑓 ′ (𝑥 + 𝑎)]𝑏−𝑐
0 = f ‘(b-c+a) – f ‘(a).

Question 34
𝒙 𝒙𝟑 𝒅𝒙
∫𝟎 𝟐 =
(𝒙𝟐 +𝟒)
(a) 0 (b) ∞
(c) 1/2 (d) None of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
∞ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 1 ∞ 2x2 𝑑𝑥
∫0 = ∫
(𝑥 2 +4)2 2 0 (𝑥 2 +4)2
dx
∞ 𝑡
= 2 ∫0 (𝑡 + 4)2 dt, [Putting 𝑥 2 =t)
∞ 1 4 1 4 ∞
=2 ∫0 [ − ] dt = [log(𝑡 + 4) + ]
𝑡+4 (𝑡+4) 2 2 𝑡+4 0
1
= [log ∞ + 0 − (𝑙𝑜𝑔4 + 1)] = ∞
2

Question 35
𝒙
The points of intersection of F1(x) = ∫𝟐 (𝟐𝒕 − 𝟓)𝒅𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝟐 (x) =
𝒙
∫𝟎 𝟐𝒕 𝒅𝒕, 𝒂𝒓𝒆

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6 36 2 4
(a) ( , ) (b) ( , )
5 25 3 5

1 3 5 5
(c) ( , ) (d) ( , )
3 6 4 7

Answer: a
Explanation:
x
Let f1(x) = y1 = ∫2 (2t − 5)dt and
𝑥
F2(X) = y2 = ∫0 2𝑡𝑑𝑡 now point of intersection means whose those
point at which
6 36
x2 = x2 – 5x + 6 => x = and y = x2 = thus point of
5 25
6 36
Intersection is ( , )
5 25

Question 36
𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
The solution of the equation = In x, when x=1, y=0 and = -1
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
1 1
(a) (Int)2 + Inx (b) (Inx)2 – Inx
2 2

1 1
(c)− (Inx)2 + Inx (d) − (Iogx)2 – Iogx
2 2

Answer: d
Explanation:
𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 −(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥+1)
𝑑𝑥 2= 𝑥2
➔
𝑥
+c
𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥+1 1
At = -∫ dx = - (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2 - logx
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2

Question 37
The rate of increase of bacteria in a certain culture is proportional
to the number present. If it double 5 hours then in 25 hours its
number would be
(a) 8 times the original (b) 16 times the original
(c) 32 times the original (d) 64 times the original
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let P0 be the initial population and let the

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dp dP
Population after t years be P. then = KP ➔ = kdt
dt P
On integrating, we have log P = kt + c At t = 0,
P =P0  log P0 = 0 + C, log P = KT + log P0ᵨ
𝑝
Log = kt when t = 5 hrs, P = 2P0
𝑝0
2P LOG2 p log2
Log = 5K K = ᵨ : log = t when
P0 5 p0 5
T = 25 hours, we have
p log2
Log = × 25 = 5 log 2 = log32;  P = 32𝑃0.
p0 5

Question 38
𝟑
𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚 𝟐 𝟐
The degree of the 3 = {𝟏 + ( ) } is differential equation
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝒅𝒙
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 6
Answer: b
Explanation:
3
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 2
3 = {1 + ( ) } on squaring, we
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
Get 9 ( 2) = { 1 + ( ) }3 obviously the
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦
Highest derivates contains a degree 2.
𝑑𝑥 2

Question 39
The differential equation representing the family of curves y2 =
2c(x+√𝒄), whre c is a positive parameter, is of
(a) Order 1 (b) Order 2
(c) Degree 3 (d) Degree 4
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given family of curves
y2 = 2c(x+√𝑐), ….. (i)
On differentiating both sides, we get
dy dy
2y = 2c (1 + 0) → c = y
dx dx

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From equation (i), we have

dy dy 1/2
y2 = 2y {x + (y ) }
dx dx
dy
➔ (y 2 − 2xy )=2
dx

Question 41
𝟐
𝒅𝒚 𝟑
The order and degree of the differentiate equations (𝟏 + - 𝟑 )
𝒅𝒙
4are
(a) 1,
2 (b) 3, 1
3
(c) 3, 3 (d) 1, 2
Answer: c
Explanation:
To check, order and degree, the given differential equation should be
fees from radicals, hence taking cube on both sides,
3
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑3 𝑦
(1 + 3. ) = (4. 3 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Order = 3, degree = 3.

Question 42
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚
The solution of the differential equation y - x = a(𝒚𝟐 + ) is
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

(a) y=c(x+a) (1+ay) (b) y=c(x+a) ( 1- ay)

(c) y=c(x-a) ( 1+ay) (d) None of these

Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Y - x = a (𝑦 2 + )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Y – ay2 = (x +a) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑦(1−𝑎𝑦) 𝑥+𝑎
On integrating both sides, we get ⍴
Logy – log (1 – ay) = log(x + a) + log c
𝑦
= c(x + a) or c(x + a)(1 – ay) = y.
(1−𝑎𝑦)

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Question 43
Compute the sum of 4 digit numbers which can be formed with four
digit 1, 3, 5, 7 if each digit is used once in each engagement:
(a) 106646 (b) 106636

(c) 106666 (d) None of these

Answer: d
Explanation:
The number of arrangements of 4 different digits taken 4 at a time is
given by 4𝑝4 = 4! = 24. Al the four digit will occur equal number of times
at each of the position, namely ones, tens, hundreds, thousands.
24
Thus, each digit will occur = 6 times in each of the position. The sum of
4
digits in one’s position will be 6 × (1+3+5+7) = 96. Similar is the case in
ten’s hundred’s and thousand’s places.
Therefore, the sum will be 96 + 96 × 10 + 96 × 100 = 106656

Question 44
Eight guests have to be seated 4 on each side of a long rectangular
table. 2 particular guests desire to sit on one side of the table and 3
on the other side. The number of ways in which the sitting
arrangements can be made is:
(a) 1732 (b) 1728

(c) 1730 (d) 1278

Answer: b
Explanation:
Let the two particular guests sit on right side.
So the three particular guests will sit on left side.
So remaining will be 3 people which need to be selected.
From these 3 people 2 will sit on right side and the one will sit on left
side.
Total ways of arranging the people will be =
3𝐶2 × 1𝐶1 = 3
Total ways of arranging the people will be =
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Selection of remaining × 4! (For arranging people on left side) × 4!

(Arranging people on right side) = 3 × 24 × 24 = 3 × 756 = 1728
So in 1728 ways we can arrange them

Past Examination Questions

MAY - 2018
Question 1
𝟐 𝟏−𝒙
The value of ∫𝟏 dx is equal to:
𝟏+𝒙
3 3
(a) log - 1 (b) 2log – 1
2 2

1 3 1 3
(c) log (d) log – 1
2 2 2 2

Answer: b
Explanation:
2 1−𝑥 2 1 𝑥
∫1 ( ) dx = ∫1 (
1+𝑥 1+𝑥 1+𝑥
− )dx
−2 1 −2 𝑥
∫1 1+𝑥 dx - ∫1 𝑥+1dx
2 1 −2 1+𝑥−1
∫1 1+𝑥 dx - ∫1 ( 1−𝑥 ) dx
2 1 2 1
∫1 (1+𝑥) dx - ∫1 (1+𝑥)dx
2 1 2 2 1
∫1 1+𝑥 dx - ∫1 1 × 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 1+𝑥 dx
2 1 2
2 ∫1 - ∫1 1 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥
2
2[log(1 + x) - [𝑥 ]12
1
2[log(2+1) – log (1 + 1) – [ 2 -1]
2[log3 – log2]-1
3
2 log - 1
2

Question 2
𝟐 𝟑 √𝒙
∫𝟎 is equal to
√𝒙

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√2
2
(b) 0
(a)
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 3

2(3√2−1) 3√ 2
(c) (d)
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 3 √2

Answer: c
Explanation:
2 3√ 𝑥
∫0 dx
√𝑥
Let √𝑥 = t
2 1 1
∫0 3√𝑥 . dx √𝑥 2√ 𝑥
dx = dt
1
dx = 2dt
√𝑥
x 0 2
t 0 √2
√2
∫0 3𝑡 . 2𝑑𝑡
√2
∫0 3𝑡 𝑑𝑡
√2
3𝑡
2[ ]
log 3 0
3√2 30
2[ − ]
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 log 3
2(3√2 − 30 )
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 3

Question 3
𝟐 √𝒙
The value of ∫𝟎 dx is:
√𝒙+√𝟐−𝒙
(a) 0 (b) 3

(c) 2 (d) 1

Answer: d
Explanation:
2 √𝑥
∫0 dx ……….(1)
√𝑥+√2−𝑥

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2 √0+2−𝑥
I = ∫0 dx
√0+2−𝑥+√2−(0+2−𝑥)
𝑏 𝑏
[∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ]
2 √2−𝑋
I= ∫0 √2−𝑋+ √𝑋 dx ……….(2)
Apply (1) and (2) we get
2 √𝑥 √2−𝑥
2 I = ∫0 [ + ] dx
√𝑥+√2−𝑥 √2−𝑥+√𝑥
2 (√𝑥+ √2−𝑥)
2I= ∫0 (√𝑥+√2−𝑥) dx
2
2I= ∫0 1 dx
2I= [𝑋]20
2 I = [2 – 0]
2I=2–1=1

Question 4
𝟐 𝟑 𝒏
𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝒙 … … . + 𝒙 − 𝒏
𝑿→𝟏 𝒙−𝟏

(a) n (b)
𝑛(𝑛+1)
2

(c) (n + 1) (d) n(n +1)

Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥+ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3…….+ 𝑥 𝑛 −𝑛
(:)
𝑋→1 𝑥−1
By L.H. Rule
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑑/𝑑𝑥(𝑥+𝑥 2+𝑥 3±−−−−−− +𝑥 𝑛 −𝑛
=
𝑥→1 𝑑/𝑑𝑥(𝑥−1)
𝑙𝑖𝑚 1+2𝑥+3𝑥 2 + −−−−−−− +𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1)−0
=
𝑥→1 1−0
1+2×1+3(𝑖) + −−−−−−− +𝑛(1)𝑛−1
2
=
1
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ------- n
𝑛(𝑛+1)
= ∑𝑛=
2

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Question 5
The cost function for the production of x unit of a commodity is given by C(x) =
2x3 +: 5x2 + 36x + 15
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 4
Answer: a
Explanation:
The cost function given by C(x) = 2x3 + 15x2 + 36x +15
𝑑
c (x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36 ………(1)
𝑑𝑥
C(x) = 0
6x2 – 30x + 36 = 00
6(x2 – 5x + 6) = 0
= x2-5x+6=0
= x2-3x-2x+6 = 0
= x(x-3) -2(x-3) = 0
(x-3) (x-2) = 0
X=3, 2
Differentiating equations (2) again w.r.f. ‘x’
C(x) = 12x-30 Eq …………… (3)
Putting (x = 2) in
C(x) = 12×2-30 = -6
Putting (x=3) in
C(x) = 12×3-30 = 6(+ve) so function is minimum at x=3

Question 6
𝟏
−𝟑𝒙
𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝟐𝒆𝒙
𝒙 → 𝟎 𝟏𝒙+ 𝒙
𝒆

(a) -3 (b) 0

(c) 2 (d) 9

Answer: C

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1
Let = y if x ➔ 0, y ➔ ∞
𝑥
𝑦 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 2𝑒 − 3𝑦
𝑥 → ∞ 𝑒 𝑦+𝑦1
𝑙𝑖𝑚
=
𝑥→∞
1
2−3
∞.𝑒∞
= 1
1+
∞.𝑒∞
2−0
= =2
1+0

NOV - 2018
Question 1
𝒂 𝒅𝒚
Let x = at3, y= Then =
𝒕𝟐. 𝒅𝒙
−1 −3𝑎
(a) (b)
𝑡6 𝑡6

(c)
1
(d) None
3𝑎𝑡 6

Answer: d
Explanation:
𝑎
If x = at3, y = 2=at-2
𝑡

Given x = at3

Different w.r.t. (t)

𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= at3 = a.3t2 = 3at2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
and y=at-2
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 −2𝑎𝑡 −3 −2
= 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = =
𝑑𝑥 3𝑎𝑡 2 3𝑡 5
𝑑𝑡

Question 2
∫ 𝒙(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒)𝟓 dx is equal to
(a) (x2 + 4)6 + c (b)
1
(x2 + 4)6 + c
12

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1
(c) (x2 + 4)6 + c (d) None
6
Answer: b
Explanation:
∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 4)5 = x
Let x2 + 4 = t
2xdx = dt
𝑑𝑡
Xdx =
2
∫(𝑥 2 + 4)5 .xdx
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑡5 = 2
1
= ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 5
2
1 𝑡6
= +c
2 6
1
= (x2 + 4)6 + c
12

Question 3
𝒅𝒚
xy = 1 then y2+ = ?
𝒅𝒙
(a) 1 (b) 0

(c) 2 (d) None

Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑑𝑦
Xy = 1 then y2+ =?
𝑑𝑥

Given xy= 1
1
Y= --------------- (1)
𝑥
Y = x-1
dy
= (−1)x −2
dx
𝑑𝑦 −1
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2

Question 4

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𝟑
∫−𝟏(𝟏 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝒙𝟑 )dx is equal to
(a) -4 (b) 4

(c) 3 (d) -3

Answer: a
3
∫−1(1 + 3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥
3 3 3
∫−1 1𝑑𝑥 + ∫−1 3𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫−1 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
3 3
𝑥2 𝑥4
[𝑥]3−1 +63[ ] -[ ]
2 −1 4 −1

3 1
[3-(-1)]+ [(3)2 – (-1)2 - [(3)4 – (-1)4]
2 4

3 1
(3+1)+ [9 – 1] - [81 – 1]
2 4

3 1
4+ ×8- ×80
2 4

4+12-20 = -4

MAY - 2019
Question 1
𝒅𝒚
If 2x – 2y = 2x-y then at x = y = 2
𝒅𝒙
(a) 1 (b) 2

(c) 4 (d) 5

Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑑𝑦
2x – 2y = 2x-y x = y= 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2x .Log2 –2y. log2. =2x-y. Log2[1 − ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Log2[2x – 2y. ] = Log2[2x-y(1 − )]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

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𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
22 – 22. = 20[1 − ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4-4. =1-
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4-1 = 4 -
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3=3
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
=1
𝑑𝑥

Question 2
𝒙𝟑
If the cost of function of a commodity is given by C = 150x-5x2+ , where C
𝟔
stands for cost and x stands for output. If the average cost is equal to the
marginal cost then the output x = _______
(a) 5 (b) 10

(c) 15 (d) 20

Answer: c
Explanation:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
Average cost =
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝑥3
C= 150x – 5x2+
6
𝑥3
𝑐 150𝑥 5𝑥 2 6
= -
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥2
C = 150-5x+
6
𝑑𝑐 2𝑥
= -5 +
𝑑𝑥 6
𝑥
--5 + = 0
3
75+x = 0
X = 15

Question 3
𝟑 √𝒙
∫𝟐 dx =
√𝟓−𝒙+√𝒙

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(a) 1 (b)
1
2

(c) 2 (d)
3
2

Answer: a
Explanation:
3 √𝑋
I = ∫2 ……..(1)
√5−𝑋+√𝑋
√5−𝑋 √5−𝑋
I=∫ =∫ ……..(2)
√15−5+𝑋+√5−𝑋 √𝑋+√5−𝑋
3 √𝑋 √𝑋
2I = ∫2 √5−𝑋+√𝑋 + ∫ √5−𝑋+√𝑋
√5+√5−𝑋
2I =
√5−𝑋+√𝑋
2I = 2
X=1

Question 4
∫ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐞 (ax)dx =
x2 x
(a) log e a[ ]+c
2
(b) log e a[2]+c

(c) x log e ax – x + c (d) None of these

Answer: a
Explanation:
∫ log e (ax) dx
By option method: Base method
Differentiate option a
𝑥2
[2]
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑎
x2
1 [2] 2x
x2
×a . log a . ×
a| | 2
2
= x.log ae
ax
= log
e

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8. 33
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NOV - 2019
Question 1
∫ 𝒂𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
(a) xx(1 + log x) (b) 1 + log x
(c) x. log x 𝑎𝑥
(d) +c
log 𝑎
Answer: d
Explanation:
(d) Since, we know that
𝑑 𝑎𝑥
= 𝑎𝑥
𝑑𝑥 log 𝑎

𝑎𝑥
∫ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑎 + c

Question 2
∫ 𝒙. 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
(a) ex (1 + log x) (b) ex .x + ex + c

(c) log x + ex + c (d)

𝑥2
+c
𝑒𝑥

Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) ∫ 𝑥. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.
Following I = Inverse
L = Logarithmic
A = Algebraic
T = Trigonometric
E = Exponential
So, x =>I function
st

e =>IInd function
x ex x => u
∫ I IIdx or ex => v
Property
𝑑
Since, ∫ 𝑢. 𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢. ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑥 _ ∫[ (𝑢). ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑥 ]dx
𝑑𝑥
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𝑑
x .∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 _ ∫ [ (𝑥. ) ∫ 𝑒𝑥𝑑𝑥]dx
𝑑𝑥
x ex - ∫|1 × 𝑒 𝑥 | dx
x ex – ex + c
ex (x - 1) + c

Question 3
∫(𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑)𝟔 dx.
1 1
(a) (4𝑥 + 3)7 + c (b) (4x + 3)7+ c
28 7

1 4𝑥 3
(c) (4x + 3)6 + c (d) + +c
6 5 5

Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) ∫(4𝑥 + 3)6 dx
𝑥
Since, ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = +c
𝑛+1
(𝑎𝑥+𝑏) 1
∫(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑛+1)
× +c
𝑎
So,
∫(4𝑥 + 3)6 dx
(4𝑥+3) 1
= × +𝑐
(6+1) 4
1
= (4x + 3)7 + c
28

Question 4
∫ 𝟏(𝟐𝐱𝟐 −𝐱𝟑)
−𝟏𝐝𝐱

(a)
4
(b) 1
3
(c) 2 (d)
2
3
Answer: a
Explanation:
1
(a) ∫−1(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 ) dx
1
𝑥 3 −𝑥 4
= [2 × ]
3 4

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2 14 2 (−1)4
= [( × 13 − ) − { × (−1)3 − }]
3 4 3 4
2 1 −2 1
= [( − ) − ( − )]
3 4 3 4
2 1 2 1
= − + +
3 4 3 4
4
=
3

Question 5
𝒅
(x. logx)
𝒅𝒙
(a) x (1 + log x) (b) 1 + log x
(c) ex x. log x (d) x2 (log x)
Answer: b
Explanation:
d
(b) (x. log x)
dx
d d d
Since (u, v) = u (v) + v (u)
dx dx dx
So here u => x
V => log x
d
 (x. log x)
dx
d d
= x. ( log x) + log × (x)
dx dx
1
= x + log x × 1
x
= 1 + log x

Question 6
Differentiate xx w.r.t x.
𝑦
(a) xx (1 + log x) (b)
𝑥
−𝑦
(c) (d) y + xx log x
𝑥
Answer: a
Explanation:
d
(a) (xx) = ?
dx
Net y = xx

Using log both sides

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Log y = x log x

On differentiating both sides w.e.t. x

1 dy d d
. =xx (log x) + log x x (x)
y dx dx dx

dy 1
= y [x × + log x × 1]
dx x

Question 7
∫ 𝒙𝟐 . 𝒆𝒙 𝒅𝒙.
(a)2x. ex (b) ex (x2 – 2x)
(c) x2 .ex . (2x) + 2 (d) ex (x – 1)
Answer: C
Explanation:
∫ x 2 ex dx
Using I late
a2 => 1st function (u)
ex => 2nd function (v)
d
∫ u. vdx = u. ∫ [ (u). ∫ vdx] dx
dx
So ∫ x2 exdx
d
x 2 ∫ ex dx − ∫ [ (x2) ∫ vdx] dx
dx
x 2 ex dx - ∫[2x . ex ]dx
x 2 . ex − 2x ∫ x . ex dx -------Equation (1)
d
= x .∫ ex - ∫ (x). ∫ ex dx dx
dx
= x. e - e
x x

= ex (x – 1) --------Equation (2)
Put Equation (2) in Equation (1)
x2 . ex – 2 ex (x-1)
x2 . ex – 2 ex . x + 2

July - 2021

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Question 1
𝟐
The value of ∫−𝟐 𝐟(𝐱) dx, where f(x) = 1+1, x ≤ 0; f(x) = 1-2x, x ≥ 0 is
(a) 20 (b) -2
(c) -4 (d) 0
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
2 0 2
∫−2 f(x) dx = ∫−2 f(x) dx + ∫0 f(x) dx
0 2
= ∫−2(1 + x) dx + ∫0 (1 − 2x) dx
0 2
𝑥2 2𝑥 2
= (𝑥 + ) + (𝑥 − )
2 −2 2 0
02 (−2)2
= [0 + ] − [(−2) + ] + [(2 − 2)2 − 0]
2 2
= 0- [-2+2] + [-2-0]

Question 2
In a market there are 30 shops to allocate to people if they allocate X shops
then their monthly expenses in rupees I given by p (x) = − 𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
Then the number of shops should they allocate minimize the expenses
(a) 0 (b) 30
(c) 25 (d) 10
Answer: Option (c)
Explanation:
P (x) = − 8x 2 + 400 x − 1000
d d
p (x) = (− 8x 2 + 400 x − 1000)
dx dx
dp (x)
= −16x + 400
dx
For minimize the expenses
dp (x)
=0
dx
- 16x + 400 = 0
16x = 400
x = 25

Question 3

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𝒙𝟑
The cost function C (x) = 125 + 500 x - 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟎 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 and the demand,
𝟑
function for the is given by p (x) = 1500 – x then the marginal profit when 18
items are sold is;
(a) 751 (b) 571
(c) 676 (d) 875
Answer: Option (c)

Question 4
𝟒 𝟏
If f(x) = 𝟑.𝐞𝐱 then 𝐟 𝟏 (x) - 𝟒𝐱 𝟑 𝐟𝐱 + ( ) 𝐟(𝟎) − 𝐟 𝟏 (𝟎)𝐢𝐬 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐨:
𝟑
(a) 0 (b) 𝑒𝑥 2
(c) 1 (d) -1
Answer: Option (c)
Explanation:
4
If f (x) = 3xe
4
Diff. f 1 (x) = 3.xe . 4x 3 = 4x 3 f (x)
1 4
f (0) = 3.0e = |0| = 1
3
4
f 1 (0) = 3.0e 4 (0)3 = 3 × 0 = 0
1
Now f 1 (x) − 4 x 3 f(x) + [f (0)] − f 1 (0)
3
= 4x 3 f(x)4 x 3 f (x) + 1 − 0
=1

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CHAPTER - 9
NUMBER SERIES, CODING
DECODING AND ODD MAN OUT
SERIES

SERIES

Number Alphabet
Series Series

Number
Series consist Alphabet series
of the number consists of letters
placed in a of the alphabet
specific placed in a specific
pattern. pattern.

Question 1
Find the missing term of the series 2, 7, 16, ___, 46, 67, 92
(a) 29 (b) 30
(c) 19 (d) 39
Answer: a
Explanation:
Here the terms of the series are +5, +9, +13, +17, +21, +25 …..
Thus 2 +5 = 6; and 7 + 9 = 16 ….
So, missing term = 16 + 13 = 29

Question 2
Find the wrong terms of the series 9, 29, 65, 126, 217, 344
(a) 30 (b) 29
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(c) 28 (d) 27
Answer: b
Explanation:
23 + 1, 33 + 1, 43 + 1 … Here 29 is wrong term of series

Question 3
Find the missing term of the series 1, 9, 25, 49, 81, 121,
(a) 129 (b)149
(c) 169 (d) 139
Answer: c
Explanation:
The given terms of the series are consists square of consecutive odd
number 12, 32, 52, 72, .So missing value = 132 = 169

Question 4
Find the next term of the series BKS, DJT, FIU, HHV,
(a) JGW (b) JGV,
(C) JVG (d) BBA, ,
Answer: a
Explanation:
This type of question usually consists of a series of small letters which
follow a certain pattern. However some letters are missing from the series.
The missing letters are then given in proper sequence as one of the
alternatives.

Question 5
3, 5, 11, 14, 17, 21 find the odd man out
(a) 21 (b) 17
(c) 14 (d) 3
Answer: c
Explanation:
Each of the number except 14 is an odd number.
The number ‘14’ is the only EVEN number.

Question 6
8, 27, 64, 100, 125, 216, 343 find the odd man out
(a) 27 (b) 100
(c) 125 (d) 343
Answer: b

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Explanation:
Except 100 all are cube of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

Question 7
6, 9, 15, 21, 24, 28, 30
(a) 28 (b) 21
(c) 24 (d) 30
Answer: a
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 28 is a multiple of 3.

Question 8
582, 605, 588, 611, 634, 617, 600 Find out the wrong number in the
given sequence of numbers.
(a) 634 (b) 611
(c) 605 (d) 600
Answer: a
Explanation:
Alternatively, 23 is added and 17 is subtracted from the terms so, 634 is
wrong

Question 9
1, 2, 6, 15, 31, 56, 91 Find out the wrong number in the given sequence
of numbers.
(a) 31 (b) 91
(c) 56 (d) 15
Answer: b
Explanation:
1, 1 + 12 = 2, 2 + 22 = 6, 6 + 32 = 15, 15 + 42 = 31, 31 + 52 = 56, 56 + 62 = 92
Last number of given series must be 92 not 91

Question 10
1, 8, 27, 64, 124, 216, 343 Find out the wrong number in the given
sequence of numbers.
(a) 8 (b) 27
(c) 64 (d) 124
Answer: d
Explanation:

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The numbers are 13, 23, 33, 43 etc. So, 124 is wrong; it must have been 53 i.e.,
125

Question 11
8, 13, 21, 32, 47, 63, 83. Find out the wrong number in the given
sequence of numbers.
(a) 47 (b) 63
(c) 32 (d) 83
Answer: a
Explanation:
Go on adding 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 20.
So, the number 47 is wrong and must be replaced by 46

Question 12
Insert the missing number.
16, 33, 65, 131, 261, (….)
(a) 523 (b)521
(c) 613 (d) 721
Answer: a
Explanation:
Each number is twice the preceding one with 1 added or subtracted
alternatively.
So, the next number is (2 × 261 + 1) = 523

Question 13
Insert the missing number
2, 4, 12, 48, 240, (….)
(a) 960 (b) 1440
(c) 1080 (d) 1920
Answer: b
Explanation:
Go on multiplying the given number by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
So, the correct next number is 1440

Question 14
Insert the missing number 8, 7, 11, 12, 14, 17, 17, 22, (…)
(a) 27 (b) 20
(c) 22 (d) 24
Answer: b

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Explanation:
There are two series (8, 11, 14, 17, ) and (7, 12, 17, 22) increasing by 3 and
5 respectively.

Question 15
Find out the wrong number in the series.
7, 8, 18, 57, 228, 1165, 6996
(a) 8 (b) 18
(c) 57 (d) 228
Answer: d
Explanation:
Let the given numbers of A, B, C, D, E, F, G.
Then A, A × 1 +1, B × 2 +2 , C × 3 + 3 + D × 4 + 4, E × 5 + 5, F × 6 + 6 are the
required numbers.
Clearly, 228 is wrong

Question 16
Find out the wrong number in the series 1, 2, 6, 24, 96, 720
(a) 720 (b) 96
(c) 24 (d) 6
Answer: b
Explanation:
Go on multiplying with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 to get next numbers.
So, 96 is wrong

Question 17
Find out the wrong number in the series 196, 169, 144, 121, 100, 80,
64
(a) 169 (b) 144
(c) 121 (d) 80
Answer: d
Explanation:
Number’s must be (14)2, (13)2, (12)2, (11)2, (10)2, (9)2, (8)2.
So, 80 is wrong

Question 18
Find out of the wrong number in series 445, 221, 109, 46, 25, 11, 4
(a) 221 (b) 109
(c) 46 (d) 80

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Answer: c
Explanation:
Go on subtracting 3 and dividing the result by 2 to obtain then next number.
Clearly, 46 is wrong

Question 19
Find out the wrong number in the series 190, 166, 145, 128, 112, 100,
91
(a) 100 (b) 166
(c) 145 (d) 128
Answer: d
Explanation:
Go on subtracting 24, 21, 18, 15, 12, 9 from the next number.
190-24=166
166-21 =145
145-18=127 [Here, 1288 is placed instead of 127
127-15=112
112-12 =100 … and so on
Therefore, 128 is wrong

Question 20
In a certain code DELHI is written as CDKGH. How much is SUSPECT
written in code?
(a) RTRODBS. (b) QTRODBS
(c) RTIODBS (d) RTROIBS.
Answer: a
Explanation:
Clearly, we can see that each letter of the word DELHI is moved one step
backward to obtain the code.
Similarly, SUSPECT will be coded as RTRODBS.

Question 21
In a certain code COURAGE is written as UOCREGA. How will JOURNAL
be written in the code?
(a) UOJRLAN (b) UOMRLAN
(c) UPJRLAN (d) ULOJRLAN
Answer: a
Explanation:

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Clearly, when COURAGE is coded, some letters are interchange with respect
to their positions, i.e. odd positions are interchanged.
Position of 1 changes to 3 and 3 to 1. Position of 5 changes to 7 and 7 to 5.
Can be coded as UOJRLAN

Question 22
Find out the wrong number in the series.
19, 26, 33, 46, 59, 74, 91
(a) 26 (b) 33
(c) 46 (d) 59
Answer: b
Explanation:
Go on adding 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 respectively to obtain the next number,
So, 33 is wrong it must be 35

Question 23
Find out the wrong number in the series 1, 3, 10, 21, 64, 129, 356, 777
(a) 10 (b) 21
(c) 64 (d) 356
Answer: d
Explanation:
A × 2 + 1, B × 3 + 1, C × 2 + 1, D × 3 + 1 and so on.
So, 356 is wrong

Question 24
Find out the wrong number in the series 6, 12, 48, 100, 3884, 768,
3072
(a) 768 (b) 384
(c) 100 (d) 48
Answer: c
Explanation:
Each even term of the series is obtained by multiplying the previous term
by 2.
2nd term = (1st term) × 2 = 6 × 2 = 12
4th term = (3rd term) × 2 = 48 × 2 = 96.
6th term = (5th term) × 2 = 384 × 2 = 768.
 4th term should be 96 instead of 100

Question 25

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Insert the missing number. 7, 26, 63, 124, 215, 342, (…)
(a) 391 (b) 421
(c) 481 (d) 511
Answer: d
Explanation:
Numbers are (23 – 1), (33 – 1), (43 – 1), (53 – 1), (63 – 1), (73 -1) etc.
So, the next number is (83 – 1) = (512 – 1) = 511.

Question 26
Find the odd man out? 396, 462, 572, 427, 671, 264
(a) 671 (b) 462
(c) 427 (d) 264
Answer: c
Explanation:
Here the given series is 396, 462, 572, 427, 671, and 264.
In all the terms, the middle digit is the sum of first and third digit except
427.
So the odd number in the given series is 427.

Question 27
Insert the missing number. 2, 4, 12, 48, 240, (…)
(a) 960 (b) 1440
(c) 1080 (d) 1920
Answer: b
Explanation:
Go on multiplying the given number by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
So, the correct next number is 1440.

Question 28
Find the odd man out 41, 43, 47, 53, 61, 71, 73, 81
(a) 41 (b) 61
(c) 71 (d) 81
Answer: d
Explanation:
Each of the number except 81 is a prime number.

Question 29
Find out the wrong number in the given sequence of numbers 582,
605, 588, 611, 634, 617, 600

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(a) 634 (b) 611

(c) 605 (d) 600
Answer: a
Explanation:
Alternatively, 23 are added and 17 is subtracted from the terms. So, 634 is
wrong.

Question 30
Find out the wrong number in the given sequence of numbers 1, 2, 6,
15, 31, 56, 91
(a) 31 (b) 91
(c) 101 (d) 15
Answer: b
Explanation:
1, 1 + 12 = 2, 2 + 22 = 6, 6 + 32 = 15, 15 + 42 = 31, 31 + 52 = 56, 56 + 62 = 92
Last number of given series must be 92 not 91

Question 31
Find odd number: 324, 244, 136, 352, 514
(a) 324 (b) 244
(c) 136 (d) 352
Answer: a
Explanation:
Sum of the digits in each other number is 10.
324 = 9

Question 32
Find odd number: 43, 53, 63, 73, 83
(a) 43 (b) 53
(c) 63 (d) 73
Answer: c
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 63 is a prime number.

Question 33
Find odd number: 10, 26 , 24 , 21 , 18
(a) 10 (b) 26
(c) 24 (d) 21
Answer: d

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Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 21 is n even number.

Question 34
Find odd number: 51, 144, 64, 121, 256
(a) 51 (b) 144
(c) 64 (d) 121
Answer: a
Explanation:
Each of the number except 51 is a perfect square.

Question 35
Find odd number 15, 21, 24, 28, 30
(a) 15 (b) 21
(c) 24 (d) 28
Answer: d
Explanation:
Each of the numbers of except 28, is divisible by 3.

Question 36
Find odd number: 2384, 1592, 3756, 4298, and 3629
(a) 2384 (b) 1592
(c) 3629 (d) 3756
Answer: c
Explanation:
In all other numbers, the last digit is two times the first, all are even but
3629 is ODD.

Question 37
Choose odd number: 7359, 1593, 9175, 3781, 9317
(a) 7359 (b) 1593
(c) 3756 (d) 3781
Answer: d
Explanation:
All other numbers consist of odd digits only. Sum of all digits is prime in D.

Question 38
Find odd number: 8314, 2709, 1315, 2518, 3249
(a) 8314 (b) 2709

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(c) 1315 (d) 2518

Answer: a
Explanation:
In all number except 8314, the sum of first three digits is equal to the unit’s
digit. Hence, the answer is (a).

Question 39
Find odd number: 48, 12, 36, 24, and 59
(a) 48 (b) 12
(c) 36 (d) 59
Answer: d
Explanation:
In all numbers except 59, the unit’s digit is twice the ten’s digit. Hence the
answer is (d). And all are multiples of 12 too except 59

Question 40
Find odd number: 2345, 3456, 5467, and 5678
(a) 2345 (b) 3456
(c) 5467 (d) 567
Answer: c
Explanation:
All other numbers contain four consecutive digits in order.

Question 41
Find the odd man out.
(a) ZW (b) TQ
(c) SP (d) NL
Answer: d
Explanation:
Z-3W, T-2Q, S-3P, N-2L, P-3M
So the answer will be NL, which is choice (d).

Question 42
Find the odd among the following.
(a) 1011 (b) 1101
(c) 1111 (d) 10001
Answer: d
Explanation:
These numbers follow the binary coding. Let’s convert them into decimal.

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1011 = 1 × 23+ 0 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 1 × 20
=8+0+2+1
= 11
1101 = 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20
=8+4+0+1
= 13
1111 = 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 1 × 20
= 8 + 4 + 2 +1
=15
10001 = 1 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20
= 16 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1
= 17
Here, choice (c) will be the answer because 15 is not a prime number but all
others are prime numbers.
Question 43
Which of the following is wrong in the following series?
2, 7, 25, 77, 238, 723,
(a) 7 (b) 238
(c) 77 (d) 25
Answer: d
Explanation:
-1, 32, -2, 33, -3, and 34 – 4,….
The number in place of 25 should be 24 = 33 – 3.
Hence (d) is the correct answer.

Question 44
Choose the term which will continue the following series –
E3C, G5F, I8I, K12L,?
(a) L170 (b) M19M
(c) N180 (d) M160
Answer: d
Explanation:
The first letters of the terms are alternate. The difference between the 1st
and 2nd number is 2, 2nd and 3rd number is 3 and so on. Last letter of the 2nd
number is 3 terms a head of the last term of previous one. Thus the next
term would be M160. Hence the answer is d.
Question 45
If EOGH is the code for BLADE, what is the code for CRICKET?
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(a) FULFNHW (b) ULFNHW

(c) HJLFNHW (d) ULFHJ
Answer: a
Explanation:
FULFNHW

Question 46
If EARTH is coded as 41590 and PALE as 2134, what is the code for
PEARL?
(a) P=2, E=4, A=0, R=5, and L=3 (b) P=2, E=4, A=1, R=5, and L=3
(c) P=2, E=4, A=1, R=5, and L=8 (d) P=8, E=, A=1, R=5 and L=3
Answer: b
Explanation:
24153 codes for letters are: P=2, E=4, A=1, R=5, and L=3

Question 47
In a certain language, ‘put tir fin’ means ‘delicious juicy fruit’; ‘tie dip
sig’ means ‘beautiful white lily’, and ‘sig lon fin’ means ‘ lily and fruit ‘.
What is the code for ‘and’?
(a) lon (b) Oin
(c) Sag (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
‘lon’
Common code from first and third statement for ‘fin’ is ‘fruit’. From Second
and third statement, ‘sig’ is ‘lily’. So ‘lon’ means ‘and ‘in third statement.

Question 48
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The word RUN is coded as SVO. What should be the code letters of LAY?
(a) MBZ (b) MBL
(c) BKL (d) MBA
Answer: a
Explanation:
 LAY should be MBZ.

Past Examination Questions

MAY - 2018
Question 1
In a certain code, RIPPLE is written as 613382 and LIFE is written 8162.
How is PILLER written in that code?
(a) 318826 (b) 318286
(c) 618826 (d) 33881
Answer: a
Explanation:
PILLER is return that code is 318826

Question 2
In a certain code ‘256’ means ‘you are good’, ‘637’ means ‘we are bad’ and
‘358’ means ‘good and bad’. Which of the following represents ‘and’ in that
code?
(a) 2 (b) 5
(c) 8 (d) 3
Answer: c
Explanation:
256 means ‘you are good’
637 means ‘we are bad’
358 means ‘Good and Bad’
Here code of ‘are’ is 3
Code of good is 5
Code of and is 8

Question 3
If LOSE is coded as 1357 and GAIN is code as 2468, what do figure 82146
for?

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(a) NGLAI (b) NGLIA

(c) GNLIA (d) GNLA
Answer: a
Explanation:
82146 is stands for NGLAI

NOV - 2018
Question 1
If PLAY is coded as 8123 and RHYME is coded as 49367. What will be code
of MALE?
(a) 6217 (b) 6198
(c) 6395 (d) 6285
Answer: a
Play = 8123, RHYME = 49367 then
because M = 6, A = 2, I = 1, E = 7

Question 2
Find out the next number in the following series 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, and
25)
(a) 30 (b) 29
(c) 32 (d) 33
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given series
7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29.
A prime number series, next prime number is 29

Question 3
If HONEY is coded as JQPGA, which word is code as VCTIGVV?
(a) CARPETS (b) TRAPETS
(c) TARGETS (d) UMBRELU
Answer: c

Question 4
Find odd man out of the following series 15,, 21, 63, 81, 69.
(a) 15 (b) 21
(c) 63 (d) 81
Answer: d

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Explanation:
15, 21, 63, 81, 69
Only 81 is a perfect square.

Question 5
Find odd man out of the following series 7, 9, 13, 17, 19
(a) 7 (b) 9
(c) 19 (d) 13
Answer: b
Explanation:
7, 9, 13, 17, 19
9 is the odd man out
Need to find odd number form given five numbers that are 9, 9, 13, 17, 19
A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 whose only factors are 1 and
itself.
Let’s do prime factorization of each number
Prime factorization of 7 is 7 × 1
Prime factorization of 13 is 13 × 1
Prime factorization of 17 is 17 × 1
Prime factorization of 19 is 19 × 1
But 9 is not a prime number. Since its factors are 3 and 1 and 9.
So the odd man out is 9.

MAY - 2019
Question 1
If in a certain language, MADRAS is code as NBESBT, how is BOMBAY coded
in that language?
(a) CPNCBX (b) CPNCBZ
(c) CPOCBZ (d) CQOCBZ
Answer: b
Explanation:
Clearly every letter is increased by 1 as
M+1 N
A+1 B
D+1 E
R+1 S
A+1 B
S+1 T
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So after increasing every character in work BOMBAY by 1, we get

Question 2
Which of the following is odd one?
(a) CEHL (b) KMPT
(c) OQTX (d) NPSV
Answer: d
Explanation:
𝐶𝐸𝐻 𝐿 𝐾𝑀𝑃 𝑇 𝑁 𝑃 𝑆 𝑉
a. b. c.
3 5 8 12 11131620 14161923
Last no. of all option is even except option d i.e., odd

Question 3
Which of the following is odd one 4, 12, 44, 176, 890………?
(a) 4 (b) 12
(c) 44 (d) 176
Answer: c
Explanation:
4 ÷4 = 1
12 ÷ 4 = 3
44 ÷ 4 = 11
176 ÷ 4 = 44
890 ÷ 4 = 222.4
Clearly, 890 is only number that is not completely by 4.
So, this is the odd one.

Question 4
Complete the series.
7, 23, 47, 119, 167 ………
(a) 211 (b) 223
(c) 49 (d) 120
Answer: c
Explanation:
Consider the provided series.
7, 23, 47, 119, 16, __________
In order to find the next term of the series observe the pattern as shown below:
7 = 9 – 2 = 32 – 2
23 = 25 – 2 = 52 – 2
47 = 49 – 2 = 72 – 2

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119 = 121 – 2 = 112 – 2

167 = 169 – 2 = 132 – 2
Square the next prime number and subtract 2 from it.
172 - 2 = 289 – 2 = 287
Hence, the next number of the series is 287

NOV - 2019
Question 1
Complete the series.
4, 16, 36, 64, 100
(a) 144 (b) 121
(c) 49 (d) 120
Answer: A
Explanation:
(a) Given series
4, 16, 36, 64, 100,
22 = 4, 42 = 16, 62 = 36, 82 = 64, 102 = 100
The series is of squares of even no.’ s so after 100 it will be
122 = 144

Question 2
Find the odd man out,
1, 5, 14, 30, 51, 55, 91
(a) 5 (b) 55
(c) 51 (d) 91
Answer: c
Explanation:
As the series is having the sum of all squares of natural number therefore 51 is
the odd number.

Question 3
Find the odd man out 5, 10, 17, 27, 37;
(a) 5 (b) 17
(c) 27 (d) 10
Answer: C
Explanation:
(c) (2 × 2) + 1 = 5
(3 × 3) + 1 = 10
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(4 × 4) + 1 = 17
But (5 × 5) + 1 = 26
(6 × 6) + 1 = 37
So 27 is odd man out.

Question 4
Complete the series
4, 16 _______________ 256, 1024
(a) 32 (b) 48
(c) 64 (d) 46
Answer: C
Explanation:
(c) 41 = 4
42 = 4 × 4 = 16
43 = 4 × 4 × 4 = 64
44 = 4 ×4 × 4 × 4 = 256
45 = 4 ×4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 1024
So the third form of the series is 64.

Question 5
SYSTEM is coded as 131625 then TERMS will be coded as?
(a) 62251 (b) 62451
(c) 64251 (d) 62415
Answer: (b)
Since in
𝐒 𝐘 𝐒 𝐓 𝐄𝐌
𝟏𝟑𝟏 𝟔 𝟐 𝟓
(Given)
𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐌 𝐒
𝟔𝟐𝟒 𝟓 𝟏
As R cannot be 2 as E has already been assigned the value as 2
R’s value left will be 4 as per given option.

DEC - 2020
Question 1
Decomposition of time series is known as _____
(a) Detrending (b) Histogram
(c) Analysis of time series (d) Historiagram
Answer: a

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Explanation:
Decomposition of time series is known as Detrending

Question 2
In time series seasonal variations can occur within a period of:
(a) One year (b) Three Years
(c) Nine Years (d) Five Years
Answer: a
Explanation:
In time series seasonal variations can occur within a period of 1 year

Question 3
The component of time series attached to long term variation is ______
(a) Secular Trend (b) Cyclical Trend
(c) Irregular Trend (d) Long Period
Answer: a
Explanation:
The component of time series attached to long term variation is Secular Trend

Question 4
______ Variations are usually longer than one year
(a) Seasonal (b) Cyclical
(c) Trend (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
The term “cyclical variation” refers to the recurrent variation in a time series that
usually lasts for two or more years and are regular neither in amplitude nor in
length.

Question 5
Find the missing value in the series 0, 2, 3, 6, 10, 17, 28, ? 75.
(a) 58 (b) 46
(c) 48 (d) 54
Answer: b
Explanation;
2+3 +1=6
3+6 +1=10
6+10 +1=17
You go on like this and the next number will be 17 + 28 + 1 = 46

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Question 6
𝟑 𝟖 𝟏𝟖 𝟕𝟖
, , ,?,
𝟖 𝟏𝟗 𝟒𝟏 𝟏𝟕𝟑
38 83
(a) (b)
85 38
(c)
81
(d) None
38
Answer: a
Explanation:
3+5 = 8
8+10 = 18
18 + 20 = 38
38 + 40 = 78
= 38/85

Question 7
Find Odd man out of the following 6, 9, 12, 18, 21, 26, and 30
(a) 24 (b) 30
(c) 26 (d) 9
Answer: c
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 26, is a multiple of 3.

Question 8
If in a certain language HEALTH is coded as IFBMUI then what is the code
for NORTH
(a) OPSUI (b) OPUSI
(c) OUSPI (d) OIPSU
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given
HEALTH is coded as IFBMUI
To find code for North
In HEALTH each letter is coded as:
Each letter of HEALTH is moved one step forward and coded as IFBMUI
Similarly for NORTH we have to move one step forward in each letter so North
will be coded as OPSUI.

Question 9
Find the Wrong Term in:
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G4T, J10R , M20P , P43N , S90L

(a) M20P (b)P43N
(c) J10R (d) G4T
Answer: c
Explanation:
The first letter of each term is moved three steps forward and
the last letter is moved two steps backward to obtain the corresponding letters of
the next term.
The numbers follow the sequence ×2+1,×2+2,×2+3,×2+4.
So, 10 is wrong and must be replaced by (4×2+1) i.e. 9.

JAN - 2021
Question 1
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
, , , =?
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟏𝟔
9 10
(a) (b)
32 17
11 12
(c) (d)
34 35
Answer: a
Explanation:
9/32 because the numerators are the consecutive odd numbers and the
denominators are consecutively being multiplied by 2.

Question 2
Find the missing term:
P3C, R5F, T8I, V12L, ……?
(a) Y170 (b) X17M
(c) X170 (d) X 160
Answer: c
Explanation:
Option C is the correct answer
In the following series first letter is moved two steps forward, second number is
moved 2,3,4,5 step forward, and third letter is moved and third letter is moved
three steps forward to form the next term of the series
Following the series the next term will be X17O

Question 3
Find out the odd man in the sequence 8, 27, 64, 125, 196, 216.
(a) 27 (b) 196
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(c) 125 (d) 216

Answer: b
Explanation:
The given numbers are : 8, 27, 64, 125, 196, 216, .
Among these, __196__ is the odd one out.
It is because all the other numbers are perfect cubes whereas 196 is a perfect
square

Question 4
In a certain code language, BEAT is written as YVZG, and then what will be
the code for MILD?
(a) ONRW (b) NOWR
(c) ONWR (d) NROW
Answer: d
Explanation:
Given, BEAT is written as YVZG.
We know that B, E, A, T are respectively the 2nd, 5th, 1st and 20th letters from
the beginning of the English alphabet. The letters of the code Y, V, Z, G are
respectively the 2nd, 5th, 1st and 20th letters from the end of the English
alphabet. Similarly, M, I, L, D are respectively the 13th, 9th, 12th and 4th letters
from the beginning of the English alphabet. Now, the 13th, 9th, 12th and 4th
letters from the end of the English alphabet are N, R, O, W respectively. So, MILD
is coded as NROW.
Hence, option (D) is the correct answer.

Question 5
In a certain code RIPPLE is written as 613382, and LIFE is written as 8192.
How will PILLER be written in that code?
(a) 618892 (b) 689912
(c) 318826 (d) 629981
Answer: c
Explanation:
The alphabets are coded as shown :
R I P L E F
6 1 3 8 2 9
So, in PILLER, P is coded as 3,
I as 1,
L as 8,
E as 2 and

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R as 6.
Thus, the code for PILLER is 318826.

Question 6
A man is facing west. He turns 450 in the clockwise direction and then
another 1800 in the same directions and then 270 degrees in the anti-
clockwise direction. Which is the facing now?
(a) south-West (b) North-West
(c) West (d) South
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given
Initially man is facing west
Then he turns 45° in clockwise …….(i)
Then 180° in same direction …….. (ii)
and again 270 in anticlockwise direction ………. (iii)
Strictly according to instruction about the movement of the man, draw the
diagram.
Hence finally he is facing South West.

Question 7
One day, Ram left home and bi-cycled 10km southwards, turned right and
travelled 5 km and turned right and went 10 km he turned left and went
10km. how many kilometers has to cycle to reach his home straight?
(a)25 (b) 15
(c) 20 (d) 25
Answer: b
Explanation:

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Question 8
Mr. N walks 19 km toward North. From there she walks 6 km towards East.
How far and in which direction is she with reference to her starting point?
(a) 4km West (b) 6km West
(c) 3km East (d) 3km North/east
Answer: d
Explanation:

July - 2021
Question 1
Chose the missing term in the series…… 1,1, 8, 4, 27,_____64,16
(a) 27 (b) 11
(c) 9 (d) 125
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
1, 1, 8, 4, 27, , 64, 16
Here the two mixed series
1st series→ 1, 8, 27, 64……….
2nd series → 1, 4, 9 ,16

So, `9’ is correct answer:

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Question 2
The wrong term in the series ……. 225, 196, 169, 121, 100, 77, 64, is ____
(a) 121 (b) 77
(c) 100 (d) 169
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
Correct option is b = 77
By taking a close look at all the numbers in the sequence it is clear that all the
given numbers are perfect squares of numbers.
15 × 15 = 225
14 × 14 = 196
13 × 13 = 169
11 × 11 = 121
10 × 10 = 100
9 × 9 = 81 but the number given in the series is 77
So 77 is the wrong term from the series.
Option b is the correct Answer

3. Coding and Decoding

Question 3
If DELHI is coded as EFMIJ then Jaipur is coded as_
(a) JQVSBK (b) QVSKBJ
(c) BJQVSK (d) KBJQVS
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation:

Question 4
If FRAME is coded as 0618011305 then Arise is coded as__
(a) 0118091905 (b) 0119091805
(c) 0118190905 (d) 0118091805
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation:

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Question 5
If Clock is coded as 34235 and Time as 8679, then Motel is coded as
(a) 27894 (b) 72964
(c) 72894 (d) 77684
Answer: Options (c)

Question 6
The mean deviation of the numbers 3, 10, 6, 11, 14, 17, 9, 8, 12 about the
mean is (correct to one decimal place).
(a) 8.7 (b) 4.2
(c) 9.8 (d) 3.1
Answer: Option (c)
Explanation:
3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17
∑ x 3+6+8+9+10+11+12+14+17
Mean (x̅) = =
N 9
90
= = 10
9
X x̅ |01| = |X − x̅|
3 10 |3 − 10|
6 10 |3 − 10|
8 10 |3 − 10|
9 10 |3 − 10|
10 10 |3 − 10|
11 10 |3 − 10|
12 10 |3 − 10|
14 10 |3 − 10|
17 10 |3 − 10|
N=9 ∑|d| 28
∑|d| 28
M.D = = = 3.1
N 9

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Question7
The consumer price index goes up from 120 to 180 when salary goes up
from 240 to 540, what is the increase in real terms?
(a) 80 (b) 150
(c) 240 (d) 360
Answer: Option (c)
Explanation:
C.P.I Salary
120 240
180 X
120 240
=
180 X
240 ×180
X=
120
X = 360

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CHAPTER - 10
DIRECTION SENSE TEST

Always Remember
LEFT & LEFT Down
RIGHT& LEFT UP
LEFT& RIGHT UP
RIGHT & RIGHT Down
UP & LEFT Left
UP & RIGHT Right
DOWN & LEFT Right
DOWN & RIGHT Left

Question1
One morning Udai and Vishal were talking to each other face to face at
a crossing. If Vishal's shadow was exactly to the left of Udai, which
direction was Udai facing?
(a) East. (b) West
(c) North (d) South
Answer: C
Explanation:

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Question2
Y is in the East of X which is in the North of Z. If P is in the South of Z,
then in which direction of Y, is P?
(a) North (b) South
(c) South-East (d) None of these
Answer: D
Explanation:

P is in South-West of Y

Question 3
If South-East becomes North, North-East becomes west and so on.
What will West become?
(a) North-East (b) North-West
(c) South-East (d) South-West
Answer: C
Explanation:

It is clear from the diagrams that new name of West will become South-
East

Question4
A man walks 5 km toward south and then turns to the right. After
walking 3 km he turns to the left and walks 5 km. Now in which
direction is he from the starting place?
(a) North-East (b) North-West
(c) South-East (d) South-West.
Answer: D
Explanation

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Hence required direction is South-West.

Question5
Rahul put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 P.M. hour
hand points to North. In which direction the minute hand will point at
9.15 P.M.?
(a) South-East (b) South
(c) North (d) West
Answer: D
Explanation:

At 9.15 P.M., the minute hand will point towards west

Question6
Two cars start from the opposite places of a main road, 150 km apart.
First car runs for 25 km and takes a right turn and then runs 15 km. It
then turns left and then runs for another 25 km and then takes the
direction back to reach the main road. In the meantime, due to minor
break down the other car has run only 35 km along the main road.
What would be the distance between two cars at this point?
(a) 65 km (b) 75 km
(c) 80 km (d) 85 km
Answer: A
Explanation:

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Question 7
Starting from the point X, Jayant walked 15 m towards west. He
turned left and walked 20 m. He then turned left and walked 15 m.
After this he turned to his right and walked 12 m. How far and in
which directions is now Jayant from X?
(a) 32 m, South (b) 47 m, East
(c) 42 m, North (d) 27 m, South
Answer: A
Explanation:

Question 8
One evening before sunset Rekha and Hema were talking to each
other face to face. If Hema's shadow was exactly to the right of Hema,
which direction was Rekha facing?
(a) North (b) South
(c) East (d) Data is inadequate
Answer: B
Explanation:

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In the evening sun sets in West. Hence then any shadow falls in the East.
Since Hema's shadow was to the right of Hema. Hence Rekha was facing
towards South.

Question 9
A boy rode his bicycle Northward, then turned left and rode 1 km and
again turned left and rode 2 km. He found himself 1 km west of his
starting point. How far did he ride northward initially?
(a) 1 km (b) 2 km.
(c) 3 km (d)5 km
Answer: B
Explanation:

The boy rode 2 km. Northward.

Question10
K is 40 m South-West of L. If M is 40 m South-East of L, then M is in
which direction of K?
(a) East (b) West
(c) North-East (d) South
Answer: A
Explanation:

Hence M is in the East of K.

Question11
A man walks 2 km towards North. Then he turns to East and walks 10
km. After this he turns to North and walks 3 km. Again he turns
towards East and walks 2 km. How far is he from the starting point?

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(a) 10 km (b) 13 km
(c) 15 km (d) None of these
Answer: B
Explanation:

Question 12
The length and breadth of a room are 8 m and 6 m respectively. A cat
runs along all the four walls and finally along a diagonal order to catch
a rat. How much total distance is covered by the cat?
(a) 10 (b) 14
(c) 38 (d) 48
Answer: C
Explanation:

Question13
One morning sujata started to walk towards the Sun. After covering
some distance, she turned to right then again to the right and after
covering some distance she again turns to the right. Now in which
direction is she facing?
(a) North (b) South
(c) North-East (d) South-West
Answer: A
Explanation:

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Hence finally Sujata will face towards North.

Question14
Some boys are sitting in three rows all facing north such that A is in
the middle row. P is just to the right of a but in the same row. Q is just
behind of P while R is in the North of A. In which direction of R is Q?
(a) North (b) South- East
(c) North-East (d) South-West
Answer: b
Explanation:

Q is in South-East of R

Question15
One morning after sunrise, Vimal started to walk. During this walking
he met Stephen who was coming from opposite direction. Vimal watch
that the shadow of Stephen to the right of him (Vimal). To which
direction Vimal was facing?
(a) East (b) West
(c) South (d) Data inadequate
Answer: C
Explanation:
Sun rises in the east. So the shadow of a man will always falls towards the
west. Since the shadow of Stephen is to the right of Vimal. Hence Vimal is
facing towards South.

Question 16
Golu started from his house towards North. After covering a distance
of 8 km. he turned towards left and covered a distance of 6 km. What
is the shortest distance now from his house?
(a) 10 km (b) 14 km
(c) 14 km (d) 2 km
Answer: A

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Explanation:

Question 17
P started from his house towards west. After walking a distance of 25
m. He turned to the right and walked 10 m. He then again turned to
the right and walked 15 m. After this he is to turn right at 135o and to
cover 30 m. In which direction should he go?
(a) West (b) South
(c) South-West (d) South-East
Answer: C
Explanation:

Hence he should go in the South-West direction.

Question18
X-Men started to walk straight towards south. After walking 5 m he
turned to the left and walked 3 m. After this he turned to the right and
walked 5 m now to which direction X is facing?
(a) North-East (b) South
(c) North (d) South-West
Answer: B
Explanation:

Hence X-Men will face in the end towards South.

Question 19

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Hemant in order to go to university started from his house in the east

and came to a crossing. The road to the left ends in a theatre, straight
ahead is the hospital. In which direction is the university?
(a) North (b) South
(c) East (d) West
Answer: A
Explanation:

Therefore, university is in North

Question 20
If a boy starting from Nilesh, met to Ankur and then to Kumar and
after this he to Dev and then to Pintu and whole the time he walked in
a straight line, then how much total distance did he cover?
(a) 215 m (b) 155 m
(c) 245 m (d) 185 m
Answer: A
Explanation:
Required distance = 25 m + 40 m + 60 m + 90 m
Required distance = 215 m

Question 21
Each of the following questions is based on the following information:
Six flats on a floor in two rows facing North and South are allotted to P,
Q, R, S, T and U.
Q gets a North facing flat and is not next to S.
S and U get diagonally opposite flats.
R next to U, gets a south facing flat and T gets North facing flat.
If the flats of P and T are interchanged, then who’s flat will be next to that of U?
(a) P (b) Q
(c) R (d) T
Answer: C
Explanation:
Hence flat R will be next to U.

Question22
Which of the following combination get south facing flats?

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(a) QTS (b) UPT

(c) URP (d) Data is inadequate
Answer: C
Explanation:
Hence URP flat combination get south facing flats.

Question23
Rasik walked 20 m towards north. Then he turned right and walks 30
m. Then he turns right and walks 35 m. Then he turns left and walks 15 m.
Finally, he turns left and walks 15 m. In which direction and how
many meters is he from the
starting position?
(a) 15 m West (b) 30M East
(c) 30 m West (d) 5 m East
Answer: D
Explanation:

Question 24
Eight persons M through T are standing in such a way that O is 20 m apart from N
towards West, N is 30 m South with respect to M. M is 40 m towards West with
respect to Q. P is 50 m towards South with respect to Q. R is 15 m apart from S
towards North. T is 20 m towards East with respect to S. R is 40 m towards West
with respect to P .In which direction is Q standing with respect to R?
(a) North-West (b) North
(c) North-East (d) Cannot be determined
Answer: C

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Explanation:

Question 25
Two buses start from the opposite points of a main road, 150km apart. The first
bus runs for 25 km and takes a right turn and then runs for 15km. It then turns
left and runs for another 25km and takes the direction back to reach the main
road. In the meantime, due to the minor break down the other bus has run only
35km along the main road. What would be the distance between the two buses at
this point?
(a) 65km (b) 80km
(c) 75km (d) 85km
Answer: A
Explanation:
Required distance = PQ = 150 – (25 + 25 + 35) = 65km

Question 26
Mohan walked 30m towards South, took a left turn and walked 15m.
He, then took a right turn and walked 20m. He again took a right turn
and walked 15m. How far is he from the starting point?
(a) 95m (b) 50m
(c) 70m (d) Cannot be determined
Answer: B
Explanation:
Required distance = OD =OA + AD = OA + BC
=30 + 20 = 50m

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Question 27
Starting from the point X, Jayant walked 15 m towards west. He
turned left and walked 20 m. He then turned left and walked 15 m.
After this he turned to his right a walked 12 m. How far and in which
directions is now Jayant from X?
(a) 32 m, South (b) 47 m, East
(c) 42 m, North (d) 27 m, South
Answer: A
Explanation:

Question28
Lakshman went 15 kms to the West of his house, then turned left and
walked 20 kms. He then turned East and walked 25 kms and finally
turning left covered 20 kms. How far was he from his house?
(a) 15 kms (b) 20 kms
(c) 25kms (d) 10 kms
Answer: d
Explanation:

Question 29

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A starts from a point and walks 5kms north, then turns left and walks
3kms. Then again turns left and walks 5kms. Point out the direction in
which he is going.
(a) West (b) South
(c) North (d) East
Answer: b
Explanation:

Question 30
A person walks 4 km towards west, then turns to his right to travel 9
km. He turns towards east and travels 12 km. Finally, he travels 3 km
towards south. How far is he from the initial position (in km)?
(a) 15 (b) 23
(c) 18 (d) 10
Answer: d
Explanation:

From the figure, the distance OE is to be calculated. In triangle ODE, OE =

√(OD2) + (DE2)
= √(BC – AO)2 + (AB – CE)2 OE = √(82 + 62) = 10km.

Question31
One evening before sunset two friends Sumit and Mohit were talking
to each other face to face. If Mohit’s shadow was exactly to his right
side, which direction was Sumit facing?
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(a)North (b) south

(c)West (d) Datain adequate
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the evening, sun is in the west and so the shadows fall towards east.
Now, since Mohit’s shadow fell towards right, therefore, Mohit is facing
North. So, Sumit standing face to face with Mohit was facing south.

Question 32
A girl leaves from her home. She first walks 30 meters in North–west
direction and then 30 meters in South–west direction. Next, she walks
30 meters in South-east direction. Finally, she turns towards her
house. In which direction is she moving?
(a) North–East (b) North–West
(c) South–East (d) South–East
Answer: a
Explanation:

The movements of the girl are as shown in Fig. (A to B, B to C, C to D, D toA).

Clearly, she is finally moving in the direction DA i.e. north east.

Question33
A man goes towards East 5km, then he takes a turn to South-West and
goes 5km. He again takes a turn towards North-West and goes 5km
with respect to the point from where he started, where is he now?
(a) At the starting point (b) In the West
(c) In the East (d) In the North East
Answer: a
Explanation:
According to the question, the direction diagram is as follows

It is clear from the diagram that both starting and finishing point are same
i.e. , the man is at starting point ‘A’.

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Question 34
Nikhil walked 30m towards East took a left turn and walked 20m. He
again took a left turn and walked 30m. How far and in which direction
is he from his starting point?
(a) 20m,North (b) 80m,North
(c) 20m, South (d) 80m, South
Answer: a
Explanation:
According to the question, the direction diagram is as follows

Required distance = AD =BC =20m

So, Nikhil is 20m North from his starting point

Question35
Rakesh is standing at a point. He walks 20m towards the East and
further 10m towards the South, then he walks 35m towards the West
and further 5 m towards the North, then he walks 15 m towards the
East. What is the straight distance (in m) between his starting point
and the point where he reached last?
(a) 0 (b) 5
(c) 10 (d) Cannot be determined
Answer: b
Explanation:
According to the question. The direction diagram is as follows

From diagram, AB = 20m BC = HD =10m

ED = 5m CD = 35m HE = AF
Required distance, AF = HF = HD – ED
=10 – 5 = 5m

Question 36
Anoop starts walking towards South. After walking 15m he turns
towards North. After walking 20m, he turns towards East and walks

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10m. He, then turns towards South and walks 5m. How far is he from
his original position in which direction?
(a)10m,North (b) 10m, South
(c) 10m,West (d)10m,East
Answer: d
Explanation:
According to the question, the direction diagram is as follows
A = Original position, E = Finishing point

BC =20, AB = 15m, AC = ED = 5m, CD =AE = 10m

Clearly, at finishing point E, Anoop is 10 m East from original position A.

Question 37
From a point, Rajneesh started walking East and walked 35m. He,
then turned on his right and walked 35m. He, then turned on his right
and walked 20m and he again turned to right and walked 35m.
Finally, he turned his left and walked 20m and reached his
destination. Now, how far is he from the starting point?
(a) 50m (b) 55m
(c) 20m (d) 40m
Answer: d
Explanation:

Rajneesh walked 35 m east. He then turned right i.e. facing South

walked 20 m. He again turned right i.e. facing West and moved 35 m. So,
now he is 20 m far from the starting point.
He then turned left i.e. facing South and moved 20 m.
So, he is in the same line from where he started and 40 m far.
Hence, D is the correct option

Question 38

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A rat runs 20m towards East and turns to right, then runs 10m and
turns to right, runs 9m and again turns to left, runs 5m and then turns
to left, runs 12m and finally turns to left and runs 6m. Now, which
direction is the rat facing?
(a) East (b) North
(c) West (d) South
Answer: b
Explanation:
According to the question, the direction diagram is as follows

Clearly, the rat is facing North at finishing point.

Question 39
Starting from a point S, Mahesh walked 25m towards South. He turned
to his left and walked 50m. He then again turned to his left and
walked 25m. He again turned to his left and walked 60m and reached
a point T. How far Mahesh is from point S and in which direction?
(a) 10m,West (b) 25m,North
(c) 10m,East (d) 25m,West
Answer: a
Explanation:
According to the question, the direction diagram is as follows

S = Starting point, T = Finishing point AS = BC = 25m

AB = SC = 50m CT = 60m
Required distance, ST = CT – SC = 60 – 50 =10m clearly, at point T, Mahesh
is 10 m West from S.

Question 40

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Village Chimur is 20 km to the North of village Rewa. Village Rahate is

18 km to the East of village Rewa. Village Angne is 12 km to the West
of Chimur. If Sanjay starts from village Rahate and goes to village
Angne, in which direction is he from his starting point?
(a) North (b) North-West
(c) South (d) South-East
Answer: B
Explanation:
See the image for locations of various Villages given in the question.
If Sanjay starts from Rahate and goes towards Angne, he is clearly moving
in North-West direction.
option B

Question 41
A boy is looking for his mother. He went 90 metres in the east before
turning to his right. He went 20 metres before turning to his right
again to look for his mother at his uncle's place 30 metres from this
point. His mother was not there. From here he went 100 metres to his
north before meeting his mother in a street. How far did the son meet
his mother from the starting point?
(a) 110m (b) 100m
(c) 90m (d) 240m
Answer: b
Explanation:

(80)2 + (60)2
√6400 + 3600 = 100m.

Question 42
Kashmira facing towards south moved straight 8 km and from there
turned to her right 90° and travelled 7 km. Then she took a 45° turn to
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her left and travelled 4 km. Where would she be now with respect to
the starting point?
(a) South (b) South-west
(c) North-east (d) South-east
Answer: b
Explanation:

Question 43
Pinky walks 12m towards southeast and stops at point P and then she
walks 24m towards west and again she walks 7m towards northwest
direction and stops at point Q. Finally, she walks 5m towards east and
stops at point S. She is facing which direction from starting point?
(a) Northeast (b) Northwest
(c) East (d) Southwest
Answer: d
Explanation:

South west

Question 44
A man walks 40m towards north and he turns his left and walked
40m. He then turns his left and walked 15m. He finally turns his right
and walked 20m. What is the distance he is from starting point and in
which direction?
(a) 55m,Northwest (b) 36m,Northeast
(c) 65m,Southeast (d) 65m,Northwest
Answer: d
Explanation:

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40 + 20 = 60
40 – 15 = 25
= √602 + 252
= 65m, North West

Question 45
A person starts from point A, walks 5m towards south and reaches
point B. He then turns left and walks 8m and reaches point C. He then
takes a right turn and walks 6m. He takes a final right turn and walks
8m to reach point D. What is the distance between point C and D?
(a) 13m (b) 12m
(c) 10m (d) 15m
Answer: c
Explanation:

Distance between C and D =√ (82+62) =√ (64+36) = √100 = 10m

Question 46
A car started from point P and moves towards east. After moving a
distance of 30m, it took a right turn, again after moving 15m, it took a
left turn, and again after moving 10m, he took a right turn. Which
direction is the car facing now?
(a) North (b) South
(c) West (d) North-west
Answer: b
Explanation:

The car is facing the south direction.

Question47
A directional post is erected on a crossing, in an accident it was turned
in such a way that the arrow which was first showing east is now

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showing north. A passerby went in a wrong direction thinking it is

east. In which direction is he actually travelling now?
(a) North (b) East
(c) West (d) South
Answer: d
Explanation:

When the arrow turns, north becomes west, east becomes north, south
becomes east, west becomes south. So, he travels in south direction.

Question 48
A person walks 22m towards east from point ‘A’ and turns his left and
walks 6m. Again he turns his right and walked 7m and he reached the
point ‘P’ after walking 6m towards his right. Finally he turns right and
stop at point ‘B’ after walking 19m towards west from point P. What is
the distance to reach the starting point from Point B?
(a) 3m (b) 10m
(c) 4m (d) 5m
Answer: b
Explanation:

The distance to reach the starting point from Point B is 10m.

Question49
A man started walking from point A and walk towards north and stops
at point B. Now he takes a right turn followed by left turn and stops at
point C. He finally takes a left turn and stops at point D. To wards
which direction the man has to walk from D to B, if he walks 10m
before turning each turn?
(a) South (b) North
(c) East (d) West
Answer: a
Explanation:

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Question 50
Read the following information carefully and answer the questions
given below it:
i. M? N means N is to the right of M at a distance of two metre. ii. M*N
means N is to the North of M at a distance of two metre. iii. M+N means
N is to the left of M at a distance of two metre. iv. M% N means N is to
the South of M at a distance of two metre. v. In each of the following
questions all persons face North.
Que. If P%Q+R*S then S is in which direction with respect to P?
(a) South-east (b) East.
(c) North (d) West
Answer: d
Explanation:

Question 51
Nakul starts walking from his office towards his house. He starts from
the front gate of his office and walks 5 km, then turns left and walks 2
km, then turns left again and walks 4 km, then he turns to his right
and walks 3 km, then turns left and walks 1 km and then turns to his
left again and walks 4 km, then turns to his right and walks 10 km and
finally turns right and walks 3 km and thus reaches the front gate of
his house. If Nakul’s house is facing south, in which direction did he
start walking?
(a) East (b) West
(c) South (d) North
Answer: a
Explanation:

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Past Examination Questions

May - 2018
Question1
Laxman went 15. Kms to North then he turned West and covered Kms.
Then he turned South and covered 5 Kms, finally turning to East he
covered 10 Kms. In which direction in which he is now moving?
(a)East (b) West
(c) North (d) South
Answer: c
Explanation:

Question2
A mains facing East, then he turns left and goes to 1O meter then turns
right and goes 5 meter then goes 5 meter to the south and from their 5
meter to West. In which direction is he from his original place?
(a) East (b) North
(c) West (d) South
Answer: b
Explanation:

North direction is he forms his original place.

Question3
X Walks southwards and then turns right the left and the right. In which

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direction is he moving now?

(a) South (b) North
(c) West (d)South-west
Answer: c
Explanation:

He is moving in west direction.

Question4
Raman starts walking· in the morning facing the sun. After sometimes, he
turned to the left later again he turned to his left. At what direction is
Raman moving h o w ?
(a) East (b) West
(c) South (d) North
Answer: b
Explanation:

Raman is moving now in West direction.

Question5
I stand with my right hand extended side-ways towards south. Towards
which direction will my back be?
(a) North (b) West
(c) East (d) South
Answer: b
Explanation:
I stand with my right hand extended side-ways towards south. Towards west
direction will my back.

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Question6
You go north, turn right, then right then go to the left. In which direction are
you now?
(a) North (b) West
(c) East (d) South
Answer: c
Explanation:

You are in East direction

NOV - 2018
Question1
Six flats on a floor in two rows facing North and South are allotted to P,
Q, R, S, T and U. If Q gets a North facing flat and is not next to S. Sand U
get diagonally opposite flat. R next to U gets a South facing flat and T
gets a North facing flat. Whose flat is between Q and S?
(a) T (b) U
(c) R (d) P
Answer: a
Explanation:

Flat 'T' is b/w Q & S

Question2
Anoop Starts walking towards South after walking 15 meters he turns
towardsNorth.Afterwalking20metresheturnstowardsEastandwalks 10
meters. He then turns towards south and walks 5 meters. In which
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direction is he from the original position.

(a) North (b) West
(c) East (d) South
Answer: c
Explanation:

'East direction is he from the original Position'

Question3
Rahim started from point X and walked straight 5 km. West, then
turned left and walked straight 2 km. and again turned left and walked
straight 7 km. In which direction is he from the point X?
(a) North-East (b) South-West
(c) South-East (d) North West
Answer: c
Explanation:

Question4
A man started to walk East, after moving a certain distance, he turns to his
right. After moving 6medistance,heturnstohisrightagain.After moving a
little he turns now to his left currently, he is going in direction
(a) North (b) West
(c) East (d) South
Answer: d
Explanation:

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He is going in south direction.

Question5
Manu wants to go to the market. He starts from his house towards North
reaches at a crossing after 30m. He turns towards East, goes 1Om till the
second crossing and turns again, moves towards South straight for 30m
where marketing complex exits. In which direction is the market from his
house?
(a) North (b) West
(c) East (d) South
Answer: c
Explanation:
Direction is the market from his house is east.

May - 2018
Question1
When a person faces north and walk 25 m and she turn left and walk 20m
and again turns right and walk 25m, and turns right 25m and turns right
and walks 40m in which direction is he now from his starting point.
(a) North – West (b) North – East
(c) South – West (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:

Question2
Madhuri moved a distance of 75 meters toward north. She then turned to
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the left and walking for about 25m, turned left again and walks 80m, finally
she turned to the right at an angle of 45°. In which direction was she moving
finally?
(a) South – East (b) South – West
(c) North – west (d) North – East
Answer: c
Explanation:

Question3
A person facing North 70° clock wise direction moving in clockwise and
300° clock wise direction. Now, in which direction he presently facing.
(a) North-West (b) South-East
(c) North-East (d) South -West
Answer: c
Explanation:

Question4
Sangeetha leaves from her home. She first walks 30 metres in north – west
direction, and then 30 m in south west direction, next she walks 30 metres
in south – east direction. Finally, she turns towards her house. In which
direction is she moving
(a) North West (b) North – East
(c) South – East (d) South – West
Answer: c
Explanation:
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Question5
A man starts his journey facing the sun early morning. He then turns right
and walks 2 km. He then walks 3 km after turning right again. Which
direction was Ashok from the starting point?
(a)East (b) North
(c) West (d)South
Answer: c
Explanation:

West

nov - 2019
Question1
Mohan started from a point and walked towards west. He took left to reach
Sohan's house. In which direction should he move to reach his house:
(a) North east (b) South east
(c) South west (d) North West
Answer : (a)
Explanation:

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So, Mohan should move in north east direction from Sohan's house to reach his
house.

Question2
A man stands on a point and starts walking towards north then turns.
Left then turns right and then left in which direction he is moving
(a) West (b) North
(c) East (d) South
Answer: (a)
So, the man is moving in the west direction.

Question3
A man started from a point facing north then turn left and then left then
right. In which direction he is facing now?
(a) East (b) West
(c) North (d) South
Answer: (b)
Explanation:

He is facing west.

Question4
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Rohan driving cycle from house towards north, turn left and left again,
which direction he is facing now?
(a) East (b) West
(c) North (d) South
Answer: (b)
Explanation:

So Rohan is facing towards south.

Question5
Sun rises behind the tower and sets behind the railway station. In which
direction is the tower from railway station?
(a) North (b) South
(c) East (d) West
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Since the sun rises behind the tower. So tower is in east direction, railway station
is in west direction since sun sets behind it. So tower is in east direction from the
railway station.

DEC - 2020
Question 1
Rahim faces towards north turning to his right he walks 25 mtrs he then
turns to his left and walks 30 mtrs. Next he moves 25 mtrs. To his right he
then turns to his right again and walks 55 mtrs. Finally he turns to the right
and moves 40 mtrs. In which direction is he now from the starting point?
(a) South – West (b) South
(c) North – West (d) South – East

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Answer: d
Explanation:
Man's movement is as shown in the figure.
∴ Finally he is in south-east direction with respect to A i.e. starting point.

Question 2
A man can walk by having long, medium and short steps. He can cover 60
meters by 100 long steps, 100 meters by 200 medium steps and 80 meters
by 200 short steps. He starts walking by 5,000 long steps, then he turns left
and walk by taking 6,000 medium steps. He then turns right and walk by
taking 2,500 short steps. How far (in meters) is he away from his starting
point?
(a) 5,000m (b) 4,000m
(c) 6,000m (d) 7,000m
Answer: d
Explanation:
Square root of 7000 Step-by-step explanation: For 5000 long steps he travelled
5000
× 60 meters then he turned left and take 6000 medium steps and travelled
100
6000 2500
× 100 meters then he turns right and travelled × 80 meters by taking
200 200
2500 short steps. As we want to calculate distance from stating pointy It we have
to consider it as right angled triangle so we get hypotenuse as square root of
(4000+3000)

Question3
One day, Ram left home and cycled 10km southwards, then he turns right
and cycled 5km, then he turns right and cycled 10km and then he turns left
and cycled 10 km. How many kilometers will he have to cycle to reach his
home straight?
(a) 15km (b) 10km
(c) 20km (d) 25km
Answer: a
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Explanation:
According to given fig.,
required distance = A+E
= 5+10
= 15 km

Question 4
You are facing north – east and moved forward 10ms and turned left for 7.5
m what is your position?
(a) North from initial (b) South from initial
(c) East from initial (d)None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Clearly, The narrator starts from A, moves towards north – east a distance of
10m, upto B, turns left (90o anti clockwise) and moves 7.5 m upto C
Clearly, C lies to the north of A
Also ΔABC is right – angles at B
So AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = (10)2 + (7.5)2
=100+56.25 = 156.25
AC= √(156.25)𝑚 = 12.5𝑚
Thus, the narrator is 12.5m to the north of his initial position.

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Question 5
A man is facing west. He turns 45 degrees in the clockwise direction and
then another 180 degrees in the same direction and then 270 degrees in
the anticlockwise director, which direction is he facing now?
(a) South – West (b) North – West
(c) West (d) South
Answer: a
Explanation:
At starting Man facing West direction.
After turning 45 degree clock wise his direction will be North- West
After turning 180 degree clock wise in same direction his direction will be South-
East
After turning 270 degree anti clock wise his direction will be South-West

July - 2021
Question 1
A and B start moving towards each other from two places 200m apart. After
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walking 60m, B turns left and goes 20m, and then he turns right and goes
40m. He then turns right again and comes back to the road on which he had
started walking. If A and B walk with the same speed, what is the distance
between them now?
(a) 80 m (b) 70 m
(c) 40 m (d) 60 m
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
Distance travelled by A on road = 60 + 20 + 40 + 20 = 140 m
Distance travelled by B on road = 60 + 40 = 100 m
Required difference = 140 – 100 = 40 m

Question 2
There are four towns P,Q,R and T. Q is to the south-west of P, R is to the east
of Q and south-east of P, and T is to the north of R in line with QP. In which
direction of P is T located?
(a) North (b) North-East
(c) East (d) South-East
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
Consider a Cartesian plane taking positive X-axis Each negative X-axis as West
positive Y – axis as North and negative Y – axis as south.
Let us consider that P is at origin. Hence Q would be in the third quadrant; R
would be in fourth quadrant because it is in the south-east of P. Finally T would
be in the first quadrant as P, Q, T are on the same line. Hence T would be on
North-east of P.

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Question 3
Five friends A, B, C, D and E are staying in the same locality. B’s house is to
the east of A’s house and to the north of C’s house. C’s house is to the west of
D’s house is in which direction with respect to A’s house?
(a) North-East (b) South-East
(c) North-West (d) South-West
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:

Therefore, D's house is in the South-East direction of A.

Question 4
One morning, after sunrise, Vikram and Shailesh were standing in lawn
with their backs towards each other. Vikram’s shadow fell exactly towards
left hand side. Which direction was Shailesh facing?
(a) South-West (b) West
(c) South (d) East-South
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
Sun rises in the East in morning
Therefore, Shailesh was facing South direction.

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CHAPTER - 11
SEATING ARRANGEMENTS

VARIOUS PATTERN OF SITTING

ARRANGEMENTS

• LINEAR ARRANGEMENTS
1

• CIRCULAR ARRANGEMENTS
2

• POLYGON ARRANGEMENTS
3

we arrange objects or persons in a line or row. The

One Row When direction of face is not clear.
Sequence
Two Row When direction of face is clear at
LINEAR
Sequence every level to each and every person.
ARRANGEMENTS
arrangement is done only on one ‘axis’ and hence, the position
of persons or objects assumes importance in terms of order
like positions. In this type of arrangement, we take directions
according to our left and right.

Steps to Solve the Linear Arrangements:

(a) Identify the number of objects and their names.

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(b) Use pictorial method to represent the people or objects

and their positions.
(c) Arrange the information with relevant facts and their
CIRCULAR positions and try to find out the solution.
ARRANGEMENT
(d) Answer the questions based on the arrangement having
made.
some persons are sitting around a circle and they are facing
the center

Question 1
Four Children’s are sitting in arrow. A is occupying seat next to B but not
next to C. If C is not sitting next to D? Who is occupying seat next to
adjacent to D.?
(a) B (b)B and A
(c) Impossible to tell (d) A
Answer: D
Explanation:
The arrangements as per given information is possible only if C is sitting next
to B and D is sitting next to A.

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Therefore, two possible arrangements are C, B, A, D, or D, A, B, C Clearly, only

A is sitting adjacent to D

Question 2
P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W are sitting in a row facing North.
(a) P is fourth to the right of T (b) W is fourth to the left of S
(c) R and U, which are not the ends (d) W is next to the left of P and P is
are neighbours of Q and T the neighbour of Q, who are
sitting at the extreme ends
Answer: A
Explanation:
There are three persons between P and TXXXP.
In the information (iv), It is given that W is next to the left of P and Q is the
neighbour of P. Using the information with (i), we get TXXWPQ.

Question 3
A, P, R, X, S and Z are sitting in a row. S and Z are in the centre. A
and P are at the ends. R is sitting to the left of A. Who is to the right
of P ?
a) A b) X
c) S d) Z
Answer: B
Explanation:
The seating arrangement is as follows:

Therefore, right of P is X

Question 4
A, B, C, D and E are sitting on a bench. A is sitting next to B, C is
sitting next to D, D is not sitting with E who is on the left end of the
bench. C is on the second position from the right. A is to the right
of B and E. A and C are sitting together. In which position A is
sitting?
(a) Between B and D (b) Between B and C
(c) Between E and D (d) Between C and E
Answer: B
Explanation:

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Therefore, A is sitting in between B and C

Question 5
P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W are sitting round the circle and are facing the
centre:
P is second to the right of T who is the neighbour of R and V.
S is not the neighbour of P.
V is the neighbour of U.
Q is not between S and W. W is not between U and S
According to this answer bellowed Questions:

5.1 Which two of the following are not neighbours?

(a) RV (b) UV
(c) RP (d) QW
Answer: A
Explanation:

5.2.Which one is immediate right to the V ?

(a) P (b) U
(c) R (d) T
Answer: D
Explanation:

5.3. Which of the following is correct?

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(a) P is to the immediate right of Q (b) R is between U and V

(c) Q is to the immediate left of W (d) U is between W and S
Answer: C
Explanation:

5.4 What is the position of S?

(a) Between U and V (b) Second to the right of P
(c) To the immediate right of W (d) Data inadequate
Answer: C
Explanation:

Question 6
6.1 Five girls are sitting on a bench to be photographed. Seema is to the
left of Rani and to the right of Bindu. Mary is to the right of Rani. Reeta is
between Rani and Mary. According to this answer bellowed Questions:
Who is sitting immediate right to Reeta?
(a) Bindu (b) Rani
(c) Mary (d) Seema
Answer: C
Explanation:

Mary is sitting immediate right to Reeta.

6.2 Who is in the middle of the photograph?

(a) Bindu (b) Rani
(c) Reeta (d) Seema
Answer: B
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Explanation:

Rani is in the middle of the photograph.

6.3 Who is second from the right?

(a) Mary (b) Rani
(c) Reeta (d)Bindu
Answer: C
Explanation:

Reeta is sitting second from the right.

6.4. Who is second from the left in photograph?

(a) Reeta (b) Mary
(c) Bindu (d) Seema
Answer: D
Explanation:

Seema is sitting second from the left in photograph.

Question 7
Six friends are sitting in a circle and are facing the centre of the circle.
Deepa is between Prakash and Pankaj. Priti is between Mukesh and
Lalit. Prakash and Mukesh are opposite to each other.

7.1. Who is sitting right to Prakash?

(a) Mukesh (b) Deepa
(c) Pankaj (d) Lalit
Answer: D
Explanation:

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Hence, Lalit is sitting right to Prakash.

7.2 Who is just right to Pankaj?

(a) Deepa (b) Lalit
(c) Prakash (d) Priti
Answer: A
Explanation:

Hence, Deepa is sitting just right to Pankaj.

7.3 Who are the neighbours of Mukesh?

(a) Prakash and Deepa (b) Deepa and Priti
(c) Priti and Pankaj (d) Lalit and Priti
Answer: C
Explanation:

Hence, Priti and Pankaj are the neighbours of Mukesh.

7.4 Who is sitting opposite to Priti?

(a) Prakash (b) Deepa
(c) Pankaj (d) Lalit
Answer: B
Explanation:
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Hence, Deepa is sitting opposite to Priti.

Question 8
In an Exhibition seven cars of different companies - Cadillac,
Ambassador, Fiat, Maruti, Mercedes, Bedford and Fargo are standing
facing to east in the following order :
Cadillac is next to right of Fargo.
Fargo is fourth to the right of Fiat.
Maruti car is between Ambassador and Bedford.
Fiat which is third to the left of Ambassador is at one end.

8.1 Which of the cars are on both the sides of Cadillac car?
(a) Ambassador and Maruti (b) Maruti and Fiat
(c) Fargo and Mercedes (d) Ambassador and Fargo
Answer: C
Explanation:

Fargo and Mercedes are on both the sides of cadillac car.

8.2 Which of the following statement is correct?

(a) Maruti is next left of Ambassador (b) Bedford is next left of Fiat.
(c) Bedford is at one end. (d) Fiat is next second to the right of
Maruti.
Answer: A
Explanation:

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Therefore, Maruti is next left of Ambassador.

8.3 Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) Fargo car is in between (b) Cadillac is next left to Mercedes
Ambassador car.
and Fiat
(c) Fargo is next right of Cadillac. (d) Maruti is fourth right of
Mercedes
Answer: B
Explanation:

Therefore, Cadillac is next left to Mercedes car.

8.4 Which of the following groups of cars is to the right of Ambassador?

(a) Cadillac, Fargo and Maruti (b) Mercedes, Cadillac and Fargo
(c) Maruti, Bedford and Fiat (d) Bedford, Cadillac and Fargo
Answer: B
Explanation:

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Mercedes, Cadillac and Fargo cars are to the right of Ambassador.

8.5 Which one of the following is the correct position of Mercedes?

(a) Next to the left of Cadillac (b) Next to the left of Bedford
(c) Between Bedford and Fargo (d) Fourth to the right of Maruti.
Answer: D
Explanation:

The correct position of Mercedes is fourth to the right of Maruti.

Question 9
Six friends P, Q, R, S, T and U are sitting around the hexagonal table each
at one corner and are facing the center of the hexagonal. P is second to
the left of U. Q is neighbor of R and S. T is second to the left of S.

9.1 Which one is sitting opposite to P?

(a) R (b) Q
(c) Between Bedford and Fargo (d) Fourth to the right of Maruti.
Answer: D
Explanation:

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S is sitting opposite to P.

9.2 Who is the fourth person to the left of Q?

(a) P (b) U
(c) R (d) Data inadequate
Answer: A
Explanation:

P is the fourth person to the left of Q.

9. 3 Which of the following are the neighbours of P ?

(a) U and P (b) T and R
(c) U and R (d) Data inadequate
Answer: B
Explanation:

T and R are the neighbours of P.

9.4. Which one is sitting opposite to T?

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(a) R (b) Q
(c) Cannot be determined (d) S
Answer: B
Explanation:

Q is sitting opposite to T.

Question 10
Each of these questions are based on the information given below:
A ,B, C, D and E are five men sitting in a line facing to south - while M, N,
O, P and Q are five ladies sitting in a second line parallel to the first line
and are facing to North.
B who is just next to the left of D, is opposite to Q.
C and N are diagonally opposite to each other.
E is opposite to O who is just next right of M.
P who is just to the left of Q, is opposite to D.
M is at one end of the line

10.1 Who is sitting third to the right of O?

(a) Q (b) N
(c) M (d) Data inadequate
Answer: B
Explanation:

10.2 If B shifts to the place of E, E shifts to the place of Q, and Q shifts to

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the place of B, then who will be the second to the left of the person
opposite to O?
(a) Q (b) P
(c) E (d) D
Answer: A
Explanation:
Initial arrangement:

New arrangement after shifting:

B is opposite to O and second person left to B is Q.

10.3. Which of the following pair is diagonally opposite to each other?

(a) EQ (b) BO
(c) AN (d) AM
Answer: D
Explanation:

10.4. If O and P, A and E and B and Q interchange their positions, then

who will be the second person to the right of the person who is opposite
to the person second of the right of P ?
(a) D (b) A
(c) E (d) O
Answer: B

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Explanation:

Old arrangement:
New arrangement:

Question 11
11.1 Who sits to the left of Shiksha?
(a) Rani (b) Radha
(c) Chinu (d) Snigdha
Answer: A
Explanation:
After observation, we can conclude that the sitting arrangement is like this −

So, Rani sits to the left of Shiksha.

11.2 If Radha and Snigdha change their places, then who will be second
to the left of Rani?
(a) Radha (b) Snigdha
(c) Shiksha (d) Nine of the above
Answer: B
Explanation

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Second to the left of Rani will be Snigdha. Hence, option B is correct.

11.3 How many girls are there in between Shiksha and Chinu if we count
anti clockwise?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) None of the above
Answer: B
Explanation :
Only two girls are there in between Shiksha and Chinu if we count anti
clockwise?

Question 12
12.1 What is the position of Major Batra?
(a) Major Batra is sitting between (b) Major Batra is sitting to the left of
Major Kumar and Major Kalia. Major Kalia.
(c) Major Batra is sitting to the (d) All the above are true.
immediate right of Major
Kumar
Answer: D
Explanation:

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By applying (CASE 1), (CASE 2), (CASE 3) and (CASE 4), we get

All the options (A),(B) and (C) satisfy our condition. Therefore option (D) is
correct.

12.2 Who is sitting to the immediate left of Major Kumar?

(a) Major Bakshi (b) Major Batra
(c) Major Nanda (d) Major Sodhi
Answer: C
Explanation:

According to the diagram −

By observing the diagram, we can clearly say that Major Nanda is sitting to
the immediate left of Major Kumar.

12.3 Who is sitting to the immediate right of Major Kalia?

(a) Major Nanda (b) Major Kumar
(c) Major Kalia (d) Major Bakshi
Answer: D
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Explanation:
According to the diagram −

By observing the diagram, one can easily conclude that major Bakshi is sitting
to the immediate right of Major Kalia.

12.4 Which of the following statement is true?

(a) Major Sodhi is sitting second (b) Major Kalia is sitting between
to the left of Major Bakshi. Major Nanda and Major Kumar
(c) Major Batra is sitting to the (d) Major Nanda is sitting to the left of
left of Major Kalia Major Kalia.
Answer: C
Explanation –
According to the diagram

By observing the diagram, we can conclude that options (A), (B) and (D) do
not satisfy the condition. But option (C) does.

12.5 How many Majors are sitting between Major Sodhi and Major
Kumar, if counted in clockwise direction?
(a) Six (b) Two
(c) Three (d) Five
Answer: C
Explanation:
According to the diagram −

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Major Bakshi, Major Kalia and Major Batra are the three majors sitting
between Major Sodhi and Major Kumar.

12.6 What is Major Batra position with respect to Major Sodhi?

(a) Second to the left (b) Immediate Right.
(c) Fourth to the Right (d) Third to the left
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to the diagram −

By observing the diagram, we can conclude that Major Bakshi is sitting to the
immediate left of Major Sodhi. Major Kalia is sitting to the second left of Major
Sodhi and Major Batra is sitting third to the left of Major Sodhi. So, our
required answer is option (D).

Question 13
Study the given information carefully and answer the following
questions.
Four friends U, V, W and X are sitting in a row and facing towards north
direction. U and X are sitting at two extreme ends. V is sitting between U
and W. V is sitting second to the left of X.
13.1 Who is sitting to the immediate right of V?
(a) X (b) U
(c) W (d) None of these

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Answer: C
Explanation:
According to the diagram −

By applying (CASE 1) and (CASE 2), we get

From the diagram, it is clear that W is sitting immediate right of V.

13.1 Who is sitting to the immediate left of X?

(a) W (b) U
(c) V (d) None of these
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to the diagram −

By observing the diagram, we can conclude that W is sitting immediate left of

X.

13.2 What is the number of People sitting between X and U?

(a) Three (b) Five
(c) One (d) Two
Answer: D
Explanation –
According to the diagram −

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By observing the diagram, we can conclude that V and W are the two people
sitting between U and X.

13.3 Which statement is true?

(a) X is sitting to the left of U (b) U and X are sitting at extreme
ends.
(c) U is sitting between V and X (d) Three people are sitting between U
and X
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to the diagram −

U and X are the two people sitting at extreme ends whereas V is sitting to the
right of U and W is sitting to the left of X.

13.4 Which of the following pairs is the first person sitting to the
immediate right of second person?
(a) VW (b) WV
(c) UV (d) None of these
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to the diagram −

Here in option (B), the second person is V and the first person is W. So
according to the condition, that is the first person sitting to the immediate
right of the second person, only satisfies in option (B).

13.5 How many persons are there to the right of U?

(a) Two (b) Four
(c) One (d) Three
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to the diagram −

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By observing the diagram, we can conclude that three-person V, W and X are

sitting to the right of U.

Question 14
Study the following information carefully and answer the questions
given below.
Certain number of people was sitting in a circle facing towards the
Centre. Some of the person’s arrangements are known. A was sitting
fourth to the left of B.J was sitting seventh to the right of A. Number of
person sitting between A and B was same as the number of persons
sitting between A and F. J was the neighbor of D who sits at the seventh
position from F(either left or right of F). Number of person sitting
between F and M was same as the number of persons sitting between M
and D.K was the neighbor of J.M is not the immediate neighbor of A.

14.1 What is the position of M with respect to A?

(a) Third to the left (b) Immediate right
(c) Seventh to the right (d) Second to the right
Answer: D

14.2 How many persons were sitting in a circle?

(a) 07 (b) 08
(c) 16 (d) 19
Answer: D

14.3. How many known persons were sitting between A and J when
counted from left ofA?
(a) Three (b) Four
(c) Five (d) Two
Answer: D

14.4. Who sits second to the right of B?

(a) K (b) F
(c) A (d) J
Answer: A

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14.5 If C sits exactly between A and K when counted from right of A, then
what is the position of C with respect to D?
(a) Fifth to the left (b) Fourteenth to the right
(c) Sixteenth to the right (d) Either (a) or(b)
Answer: D
Explanation of Question 26 is:

A certain number of people were sitting in a circle facing center.

A was sitting fourth to the left of B

J was sitting seventh to the right of A.

Number of person sitting between A and B was same as the number of persons sitting between A
and F.
J was the neighbor of D who sits at the seventh position from F (either left or right of F).

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Number of person sitting between F and M was same as the number of

persons sitting between M and D

K was the neighbor of J.

M is not the immediate neighbor of A. From this statement case1is eliminated

because M and A are immediate neighbors.

Question 15
Direction (27.1 to 27.5) twelve persons A, B, C, D, E, F, P, Q, R, S, T and U
are sitting in two parallel rows with equidistance from each other. In
Row-1, A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting and all of them are facing south and
in Row-2, P, Q, R, S, T and U are sitting and all of them are facing north
but not necessary in the same order.
E sits second to the left of the one who faces P and either one of them sits
at the extreme ends of the rows. Two persons are sitting between P and
Q. F faces one of the immediate neighbour of Q. U faces the person the
one who sits to the immediate right of A. Two persons are sitting
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between U and S. As many persons sitting to the right of T is same as the

number of persons sitting to the right of C and neither of them sits at the
extreme ends of the rows. R is not an immediate neighbour of S. C does
not face Q. B sits one of the places to the left of E.

15.1 Who sits diagonally opposite to S?

(a) B (b) A
(c) D (d) F
Answer: C

15.2How many persons are sitting between T and P the one who faces D?
(a) None (b) One
(c) Two (d) Three
Answer: D

15.3 Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and hence form
a group. Which one of the following that does not belong to the group?
(a) Q (b) P
(c) D (d) S
Answer: A

15.4 Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Only two persons are sitting (b) U faces E
to the right of A
(c) Q sits exactly between T and (d) C sits at one of the extreme ends of
R the row
Answer: B

15.5 If R is related to A and F is related to U in a certain way. Then, Q is

related to which of the following?
(a) C (b) R
(c) E (d) B
Answer: D
Explanation:
E sits second to the left of the one who faces P and either one of them sits at
the extreme ends of the rows. Two persons are sitting between P and Q. F
faces one of the immediate neighbors of Q.

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U faces the person the one who sits to the immediate right of A. Two persons
are sitting between U and S.

As many persons sitting to the right of T is same as the number of persons

sitting to the right of C and neither of them sits at the extreme ends of the
rows. R is not an immediate neighbor of S. C does not face Q.
So, Case-1(b), Case-2(a) and Case-2(b) will be dropped.
B sits one of the places to the

Question 16
Direction (28.1 to 28.5): Read the following information carefully and
answer the questions given below. Eight persons P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W
are sitting in a square table such that four of them are sitting at the
corners and remaining are sitting at the middle of each side. The
persons who are sitting at the corners are facing towards centre of the
table and the persons who are sitting at the middle of the sides are

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facing away from the centre of the table. R sits third to the left of T, who
does not sit at one of the middle side of the table. Only one person sits
between R and P (Either from right or left).Q sits second to the left of U
and not an immediate neighbour of R. W sits opposite to S, who is not an
immediate neighbour of P. More than one persons sit between W and R
(Either from left or right)

16.1 Who among the following persons sits third to the right of the one
who sits to the immediate left of Q?
(a) S (b) R
(c) Q (d) P
Answer: B

16.2 How many persons are sitting between P and T, when counted from
left of T?
(a) Two (b) One
(c) Four (d) Three
Answer: C

16.3 b four of the following five are alike in a certain way and hence
form a group. Which one of the following that does not belong to the
group?
(a) V (b) P
(c) U (d) R
Answer: A

16.4 If R is related to Q and U is related to P in a certain way. Then, V is

related to which of the following?
(a) W (b) S
(c) R (d) T
Answer: D
16.5 Which of the following statements is true?
(a) U sits second to the right of R (b) V sits at one of the corners
(c) P sits opposite to T (d) W faces outside from the center
Answer: B
Explanation:

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R sits third to the left of T, who does not sit at one of the middle of the sides.
Only one person sits between R and P (Either from right or left).

Q sits second to the left of U and not an immediate neighbour of R.

W sits opposite to S, who is not an immediate neighbour of P.

More than one person’s sit between W and R (Either from left or right). So,
Case-1(b), Case-2(a) and Case-2(b) will be dropped.

Question 17
Direction (21-25): Read the following information carefully and answer
the questions given below.
A certain number of people sitting in the linear row facing north. Only
three people sit between A and R. Only four people sit between K and W.
Only five people sit between R and K.T sits third to the right of W. Only
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six people sit between R and Y. Not more than three people sit between
K and Y. More than four people are between T and Y. Q sits third to the
right of Y. None of them sits between Q and W.J sits eighth to the left of K.
Not more than three persons sit between A andJ.

17.1 How many people are sitting in the line arrow?

(a) Nineteen (b) Twenty
(c) Twenty One (d) Twenty Two
Answer: A

17.2 How many people sit between A and J?

(a) Seven (b) Three
(c) Ten (d) One
Answer: D

17.3 If three people sits between W and H, then which of the following
statement is definitely true?
(a) Three people sit between T (b) W sits fourth to the right of H.
and H
(c) More than six people sit (d) More than five people sit between
between Q and H. Y and H.
Answer: D

17.4 How many people sits between Y and W?

(a) Sixteen (b) Three
(c) Ten (d) Eight
Answer: B

17.5 How many people sit to the left of K?

(a) Ten (b) Eight
(c) Sixteen (d) Thirteen
Answer: A
Explanation:
i). only three people sit between A and R.
ii). only six people sit between R and Y.
Case (i): A R Y
Case (ii): Y A R
Case (iii): Y R
A Case (iv): R A Y

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iii).Only five people sit between R and K. iv).Only four people sit between K and W. v). T sits third
to the right of W.
vi).Not more than three people sit between K and Y
Case (i): A R KY
W T Case (ii)a: YK A WR
T
Case (ii)b: W TYK A R Case (iii)a:Y K
WR T A
Case (iii)b: W TY K R
A Case (iv)a: R A KY
W T Case

(iv) b:RW A K Y does not follow condition

(v) vii).More than four people are between T and Y.

viii).Q sits third to the right of Y. ix).None of them sits between Q and W.
x).Not more than three persons sit between A and J. xi).J sits eighth to the left of K.
Case (i): A J R KY QW T
Case (ii) a: YK A WR T = does not follow condition (viii)
Case (ii) b: W TY K A R = does not follow
condition (vii) Case (iii) a:Y K Q WR T A does not
follow condition(ix)
Case (iii) b: W TY K
R A does not follow condition (vii) Case (iv) a: J R
A KY QW
T does not follow condition (x)

Question 18
Direction (30.1 to 30.5): Study following information carefully and
answer the questions given below.
Seven friends- S, T, U, V, W, X and Y are sitting in a straight line. Some of
them facing north and some of them are facing south.
Y faces north. Only two persons sit to the left of V. S sits second to the left
of W. Only one person sits between S and
U. X sits third to the left of U. The immediate neighbours of S face the
opposite directions. T is not an immediate neighbour of W. The
immediate neighbours of U face same the directions. Only two persons
sit between V and W. S faces the same direction as U. W sits to the
immediate left of Y.

18.1 How many persons sit between Y and T?

(a) One (b) Two
(c) Three (d) None ofthese
Answer: D

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18.2 Four of the following five are a like in certain way and thus form a
group as per the given arrangement. Which of the following does not
belong to that group?
(a) X (b) T
(c) W (d) Y
Answer: A

18.3 What is the position of V with respect to T?

(a) Second to the left (b) Fourth to the right
(c) Immediate left (d) Second to the right
Answer: D

18.4 How many persons face south directions?

a) Two b) Three
c) Four d) Five
Answer: B
Explanation:

18.5 Which of the following statement is correct?

(a) W sits at the extreme ends of (b) T faces south and sits to the
the line immediate right of U
(c) Only three person sits (d) W faces north and sits second to
between Y and the one who the right of the one who sits
sits second to the right of T immediate left of T
Answer: C
Explanation:

Only two persons sit to the left of V.

Only two persons sit between V and W.
S sits second to the left of W.
Now we have 2 Cases.
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The immediate neighbors of S face the opposite directions.

Only one person sits between S and U.
X sits third to the left of U
T is not an immediate neighbour of W.
The immediate neighbor of U faces same the directions.
S faces the same direction as U
W sits to the immediate left of Y.
Y faces north.
From the above condition Case 2 was dropped.
So the final arrangement is:

Question 19
Direction (31.1 to 31.5): Read the following information carefully and
answer the questions given below.
Eight persons are sitting in a circular table and all of them are facing
away from the center of the table. V sits third to the right of M. Only one
person sits between V and N (Either from right or left from V). K sits
second to the left of G, who is not an immediate neighbour of M. As many
persons are sitting between N and S is same as the number of persons
sitting between R and S. T sits to the immediate right of R. T does not sit
opposite to K.

19.1 Who among the following sits second to the right of S?

(a) R (b) T
(c) N (d) G
Answer: A

19.2 How many persons are sitting between G and V, when counted from
left of G?
(a) Three (b) Four
(c) One (d) Two
Answer: D

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19.3 Who among the following sits opposite to T?

(a) V (b) S
(c) K (d) G
Answer: D

19.4 Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and hence form
a group. Which one of the following that does not belong to the group?
(a) TG (b) KM
(c) MN (d) VS
Answer: C

19.5 If all the persons in the final arrangement are made to sit in the
alphabetical order as in the English alphabetical series from G in clock
wise direction, then how many of them remains their original position
(Excluding G)?
(a) None (b) One
(c) Two (d) Three
Answer: B
Explanation:
V sits third to the right of M. Only one person sits between V and N (Either from right or left from
V).

K sits second to the left of G, who is not an immediate neighbour of M.

AsmanypersonsaresittingbetweenNandSissameasthenumberofpersonssittingbetweenRand
S. T sits to the immediate right of R.

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So, Case-1(a) and Case-2(b) will be dropped.

T does not sit opposite to K.
So, Case-2(a) will be dropped

Question 20
Direction (32.1 to 32.5): study the given information carefully and the
answer the following question below.
Ten persons are sitting in a parallel row. In Row 1 A, B, C, D and E are
sitting in Row 1 facing north. In Row 2 P, Q, R, S and T are sitting in Row
2 facing south. The person in row 1 exactly faces the person in row 2.
R doesn’t sits opposite to C.A sits second from the extreme end. Only one
person sits between one who faces A and Q. B is not an immediate
neighbour of A and doesn’t sits opposite to Q.E sits second to the left of
B.T doesn’t faces E and never sits at extreme ends. S is not an immediate
neighbor of T.C doesn’t sits opposite to Q.

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20.1 Four of the five among the following are similar in the arrangement
to form a group, which one of the following doesn’t belongs to the
group?
(a) CA (b) ED
(c) SQ (d) BD
Answer: D

20.2 What is the position of A with respect to B?

(a) Third to the left (b) Third to the right
(c) Second to the left (d) Immediate left
Answer: A

20.3 Which of the following statement is not true?

(a) A sits to the immediate left of (b) The one who sits opposite to D sits
E second to the left of T
(c) C and B doesn’t sit at the (d) Q is the immediate neighbor of R
extreme ends and S
Answer: C

20.4 Who sits second to the right of R?

(a) The one who sits opposite to (b) S
A
(c) P (d) None of these
Answer: C

20.5 How many person sits between D and B?

(a) One (b) Two
(c) Three (d) None
Answer: D
Explanation:

A sits second from the extreme end.

Only one person sits between one who faces A and Q.

B is not an immediate neighbour of A and doesn’t sit opposite to Q.

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E sits second to the left of B.

T doesn’t faces E and never sits at extreme ends.

S is not an immediate neighbour of T.

C doesn’t sits opposite to Q.

R doesn’t sits opposite to C.

Question 21
Direction (33.1 to 33.5): Study following information carefully and
answer the questions given below.
Eight friends – Sundar, Satya, Mark, Cook, Putin, Obama, Trump and
Nitish are sitting around the circular table facing center, but not
necessarily in the same order. Putin and Obama are not immediate

neighbours. Only two persons sit between Sundar and Trump. Obama is

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not an immediate neighbour of Trump and Cook. Putin is not an

immediate neighbour of Mark and Trump. Sundar sits second to the left
of Cook. Nitish is not an immediate neighbour of Putin. Only three
persons sit between Mark and Obama. Satya sits not opposite of Cook.
Trump is not an immediate neighbour of Putin.

21.1 What is the position of Cook with respect to Putin?

(a) Third to the right (b) Second to the right
(c) Immediate right (d) Fourth to the right
Answer: C

21.2 How many persons sit between the one who sits the second to the
left of cook and Mark, when counted from left of Mark?
(a) One (b) Two
(c) Three (d) No one
Answer: B

21.3 Which of the following statement is correct?

(a) Cook sits to the immediate (b) Only three persons sit between
left of Trump Satya and Sundar
(c) Sundar and Mark is an (d) Only one person sits between
immediate neighbours Nitish and the one who sits to the
immediate left to Sundar
Answer: C

21.4 What is the position of the one who sits second to the left of Sundar
with respect to Trump?
(a) Immediate right (b) Fourth to the right
(c) Second to the right (d) Second to the right
Answer: A

21.5 Which of the following statement is correct?

(a) Nitish sits to the immediate (b) Cook is an immediate neighbour of
left of Obama Satya
(c) Only two persons sit between (d) Both a and c
Mark and Nitish when
counted from left of Nitish
Answer: D

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Explanation:
Only two persons sit between Sundar and Trump.
Sundar sits second to the left of Cook.
Now we have 2cases

Obama is not an immediate neighbour of Trump and Cook.

Only three persons sit between Mark and Obama

Putin is not an immediate neighbour of Mark and Trump.

Satya sits not opposite of Cook.
Putin and Obama are not immediate neighbours.
Nitish is not an immediate neighbour of Putin. Trump is not an immediate
neighbour of Putin.
From the above condition Case 1 was dropped.
So the final arrangement is..

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Question 22
Direction (34.1 to 34.5): Read the following information carefully and
answer the questions given below.
Eight people I, J, K, L, M, N, O and P are sitting in a rectangular table. Only
three persons are sitting in the longer side of the rectangle. The people
sits at longer side of table faces outside the table, while the people sits at
smaller side of the table faces inside the table. All the information is not
necessary to be in the same order.
N sits second to the left of M. Only two persons sit between M and P, who
is not an immediate neighbour of N. J sits immediate right of L. P sits
opposite to I. Neither K nor L is an immediate neighbour of P. J sits
second to the right of O and both are facing same direction. J does not sit
opposite to O.

22.1 Name the person who sits opposite to J?

(a) M (b) O
(c) N (d) I
Answer: C

22.2 Who sits second to the left of P?

(a) L (b) K
(c) J (d) O
Answer: B

22.3 If all the people are made to sit in alphabetical order in clockwise
direction from I, then how many of them remains in their original
position?
(a) One (b) Two
(c) Three (d) More than Three
Answer: A

22.4 Name the person who sits second to the right of L?

(a) L (b) K
(c) J (d) None of these
Answer: D

Who sits fourth to the left of J?

(a) L (b) M
(c) J (d) O

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Answer: B

Explanation:
N sits second to the left of M.
Only two persons sit between M and P, who is not an immediate neighbour of N. iii). P sits
opposite to I.
Neither K nor L is an immediate neighbour of P.
J sits second to the right of O and both are facing same direction.
J does not sit opposite to O.
J sits immediate right of L.

Question 23
Direction (35.1 to 35.5): Study the following information carefully to
answer the given questions.

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Six Students- Sita, Smita, Sunita, Sarita, Sujitha and Sneha lives on a
building which has Six Floors with top floor numbered as 6. They got
different Ranks from 1 to 6 in a School exam. They are also having
different Lucky numbers from 1 to 6. These Six Students are also sitting
in a row which has six seats and all are facing north. All students are
having unique floor number, Lucky number, and Rank (i.e., No two
numbers will be same for a particular student).
Students who sit at extreme ends of the row live neither on the top floor
nor on the bottom floor. Sujitha lives on an even numbered floor. Sarita
Floor number and Sita Lucky number are same. Two students live
between Sita and Smita. Smita sits third to the left of Sujitha. One who
lives on top floor sits third to the left of Sneha. A student whose Lucky
number is 3 sits third to the right of the student whose lucky number is
5. Sita’s Rank is 5. Two students live between Sujitha and Sarita. Smita
Lucky number is same as Sita Floor number. Sunita Rank is 6 and she
lives on an even numbered floor. Sneha’s Rank is same as Sita’s Lucky
number. Sneha sits second to the right of Smita. Sneha’s Lucky number is
same as Sarita’s Rank. Sujitha Rank is same as Sarita Lucky number.

23.1 Which of the following Pair is sitting at extreme ends?

(a) Sita and Sneha (b) Sunita and Sarita
(c) Sujitha and Smita (d) Sunita and Sujitha
Answer: D

23.2 Who among the following is living on Bottom Floor?

(a) Sarita (b) Smita
(c) Sneha (d) Sita
Answer: A

23.3 What is the Lucky number of Sita?

(a) One (b) Two
(c) Three (d) Four
Answer: A

23.4 Who among the following got Rank 2?

(a) Sita (b) Sneha
(c) Smita (d) Sujitha
Answer: C

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23.5 Which of the following statement is false?

(a) Sita lives on top floor (b) Sneha’s Rank is 1
(c) Sujitha Lucky number is 2 (d) Sarita Rank is 3
Answer: D
Explanation-

Question 24
Direction (36.1 to 36.5): Eight persons – A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are
sitting in two rows having five seats in each row. In each row, one seat is
vacant. Some of them are facing north and some are facing south.
Two persons are sitting between D and B. C sits opposite to D. G sits
opposite to E. H sits opposite to the person who is sitting second to the
left of F. F is not adjacent to E. Vacant seats are not opposite to each
other. A, C and G face the same direction (i.e., All face either North or
South). D, B, and E face the same direction (i.e., All face either North or
South). C sits second to the right of E. H faces north. C doesn’t sit at the
extreme end. E sits second to the right of C. E sits to the adjacent left of
H.

24.1 How many persons are sitting between A and H?

(a) One (b) Two
(c) Three (d) Four
Answer: B

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24.2 Who among the following pair is sitting opposite to vacant seats?
(a) A and D (b) B and A
(c) C and F (d) A and F
Answer: D

24.3 Who among the following is facing South?

(a) A (b) B
(c) F (d) G
Answer: C

24.4 Which of the following pair is sitting in the same row?

(a) A and D (b) C and F
(c) E and B (d) B and F
Answer: D

24.5 Which of the following statement is false based on above

arrangement?
(a) A faces North (b) B sits at one of the extreme ends
(c) D sits third to the right of B (d) Both the vacant seats are at
extreme ends
Answer: D
Explanation:

Question 25
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
Eight members P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W of a family are sitting around
a rectangular table with all of them facing outwards. Each one of them
like different type of music instruments viz. XYLOPHONE, Balafon,
Guitar, Piano, VIOLIN, TRUMPET, Accordions and Flute. Three married
couples are there in the family.
W is the only sister-in-law of P whereas Q likes TRUMPET and daughter-
in-law of RP who is the father of U and uncle of V, sits to the left of the
person who likes XYLOPHONE. U is an immediate neighbor of her aunty
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W who does not sit next to S. R does not like Flute or Accodion. The two
youngest members sit next to each other. The one who likes the Balafon
sits between V and the one who likes VIOLIN. V is third to the left of S.
The one who likes TRUMPET sits between the persons who like
Accodion and Flute Respectively. S’s husband and son sit next to her.
Piano is not liked by V’s father. V does not like Guitar or Accodion. S is
the mother of P and T, and sits second to the left of T.

25.1 Which of the following statements is true regarding the family?

(a) P is the brother of W (b) R is the father-in-law of P
(c) Q is the aunty of V (d) U and V are married couple
Answer: C

25.2 Who among the following sits between Q and the one who likes
Balafon?
(a) P (b) T
(c) S (d) V
Answer: D

25.3 What is the position of the person who likes Piano with respect to
the one who likes TRUMPET?
(a) Third to the right (b) Second to the left
(c) Immediate left (d) Third to the left
Answer: D

25.4 Who among the following likes Guitar?

(a) W (b) U
(c) V (d) T
Answer: D

25.5 Which of the following options represent a pair?

(a) Y, X (b) W, T
(c) W, R (d) S, U
Answer: B
Explanation-

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Question 26
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
Eight players – P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W sit around a square table in such a
way that four of them sit on the four sides while the rest at corners. They
play different instruments namely Xylophone, Balafon, Guitar, Piano,
Violin, Trumpet, Accodion and Flute. Some of them are facing the centre
while some are facing outside. (i.e. away from the centre)
Note: Same directions means that if one person facing the centre then
the other person also faces the centre and vice versa. Opposite direction
means if one person is facing the centre then the other person faces
outside and vice versa.
Q faces the centre of the table and does not sit on any corner. V sits on
one of the corner between the Flute player and Trumpet player. W sits
second to the right of Balafon player who faces the centre.
The Violin player sits third to the left of Q. S sits opposite to W. P sits on
the corner exactly opposite to T. The Balafon player sits third to the
right of Accodion player. The Xylophone player does not facing the
centre.
The Trumpet sits opposite to Q, also faces in opposite direction of Q and
sits between Accodion player and Violin player. T who is the Violin
player sits immediate right to the Piano player.
The Piano player faces the same direction of the U. The immediate
neighbours of Q are facing opposite directions. The Accodion player sits
exactly opposite to Guitar player.
The one who is on the immediate left of U is facing the same direction as
W. R sits third to the left of W.

26.1 Who among the following is a Trumpet player?

(a) P (b) U
(c) T (d) Can’t be determined
Answer: B

26.2 R is related to which of the following Instruments?

(a) Guitar (b) Xylophone
(c) Accodion (d) Can’t be determined
Answer: A

26.3 Who among the following sits exactly between R and the Xylophone
Player?

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The person who plays Flute

(a) (b) The person who plays Accodion
The person who plays Balafon
(c) (d) Trumpet
Answer: C

26.4 How many persons sit facing the centre?

(a) None (b) One
(c) Two (d) Four
Answer: D

26.5 Which of the following pairs are the immediate neighbors of the
Flute player?
(a) P, V (b) P, R
(c) V, R (d) Q, R
Answer: A
Explanation:

Question 27
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
There are 16 persons – B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V and W standing in a
square plot. Inside a Square plot, a square shaped garden is developed.
The persons who are standing inside the garden facing outside. The
persons who are standing outside the garden facing inside the centre
and likes colours namely viz., – Red, Blue, Black, Brown, Yellow, Green,
Violate and Pink. So all the persons standing in the inner square faces
the persons standing in the outer Square and likes fruits namely viz., –
Apple, Orange, Mango, Grapes, Papaya, Pomegranate, Guava and
Banana.
G faces the centre and W faces G. D sits second to the right of G. There
are four persons sits between G and E. D is not an immediate neighbour
of E. There are three persons standing between I and E. There are two
persons standing between I and B. B stands exactly between the E and F.
F stands to the immediate left of G. There are two persons standing
between W and U. U faces H. T faces outside. There are two persons
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standing between T and Q. T faces C. Q stands to the immediate left of W.

R, the one who faces B stands exactly between the persons P and V. P
faces E. The one who sits in the corner of the square likes Red. The one
who likes Red sits between the persons who like Black and Blue. The
one who likes Blue sits second to the right of the person who likes
Green. Three persons sit between one who likes Black and one who likes
Green. Two persons sit between one who likes Black and one who likes
Yellow. Two persons sit between one who likes Yellow and one who
likes Pink. G and F do not like Violate and Yellow respectively. The one
who likes Red faces P. The immediate neighbours of P are the one who
likes apple and the one who likes Grapes. The one who likes Apple faces
the one who likes Black. Three persons sit between the one who likes
apple and the one who likes Guava. The immediate neighbours of the
person who likes Orange are the one who likes apple and the one who
likes Pomegranate. The one who likes Papaya sits exactly behind to the
one who likes Orange. The one who likes Banana sits exactly behind to
the one who likes Mango. The one who likes Banana faces E.

27.1 In the given arrangement, if three people come and stand to the
immediate left of E, how many people will sit between F (From the left of
F) and C?
(a) Two (b) Three
(c) Five (d) More than four
Answer: C

27.2 Who amongst the following likes Green?

(a) C (b) B
(c) Other than those given as (d) D
options
Answer: D

27.3 How many people stand between V and U?

(a) Two (b) Three
(c) Four (d) More than four
Answer: B

27.4 Four of the following five are alike in a certain way based upon
their arrangement and so form a group. Which of the following does not
belong to the group?

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FV
(a) (b) UH
EP
(c) (d) GW
Answer: D

27.5 Who amongst the following likes Papaya?

(a) P (b) U
(c) Q (d) E
Answer: B
Explanation-

Question 28
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
There are 16 persons – B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V and W standing in a
Circular plot. Inside a circular plot, a circularly shaped garden is
developed. The persons who are standing inside the garden facing
outside. The persons who are standing outside the garden facing inside
the centre and lives in a different number of floors. So all the persons
standing in the inner circle faces the persons standing in the outer circle
and hold a different number of chocolates.
G faces outside and S faces G. D sits immediate right of G. There are four
persons sits between G and E. H is not an immediate neighbour of
E. There are two persons standing between D and H. H faces R. There are
three persons standing between R and U. U stands exactly between the
B and F. B faces D. There are two persons standing between P and C.
Neither S nor R is an immediate neighbour of P. I stands to the
immediate left of H. I faces T. The one who faces F stands exactly
between the persons Q and W. W faces P. H stands second to the left of G.
B lives on the second floor and sits exactly opposite to the person who
lives on the floor which is the square number of the floor of B. F lives on
the third floor and stands exactly opposite to the person who lives on
the floor which is the square number of the floor of F. P lives on 6th floor
and S lives immediately above P. U lives immediately below B. R lives

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immediately above T. The one who faces P holds chocolates two less
than the number of the floor occupied by P. The one who faces U holds
chocolates six more than the number of the floor occupied by U. Number
of chocolates hold by E is the difference between the number of
chocolates hold by D and W. Number of chocolates hold by G is the sum
of the number of chocolates hold by D and E also equals to number of
chocolates hold by V and H. Number of chocolates hold by I is the square
of the number of chocolates hold by H.

28.1 In the given arrangement, how many people will sit between B and
T?
(a) Five (b) Three
(c) Four (d) More than four
Answer: B

28.2 Who amongst the following lives on the seventh floor?

(a) S (b) Q
(c) Other than those given as (d) U
options
Answer: A

28.3 If persons counted from the right of G, then how many people stand
between G and E as per the given arrangement?
(a) Five (b) Three
(c) Four (d) Two
Answer: D

28.4 Four of the following five are alike in a certain way based upon
their seating arrangement and so form a group. Which of the following
does not belong to the group?
(a) F (b) E
(c) C (d) G
Answer: D

28.5 Who amongst the following have seven chocolates?

(a) T (b) F
(c) Q (d) P
Answer: C
Explanation-

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Question 29
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
Ten persons from ten different countries viz. Mumbai, Chennai,
Bengaluru, Kolkata, Pune, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Ahmedabad, Surat and
Kochi are sitting in two parallel rows containing five people each, in
such a way that there is an equal distance between adjacent persons. In
row 1- A, B, C, D and E are seated and some of them are facing South and
some of them are facing North. In row 2 – P, Q, R, S and T are seated and
some of them are facing South and some of them are facing North.
Therefore in the given seating arrangement, each member seated in a
row either faces another member of the other row or seated behind
each other.(All the information given above does not necessarily
represent the order of seating in the final arrangement.). Each person
stays in ten different floors numbered 1 to 12.(From Ground floor to Top
floor)
There is only one floor between the person from Mumbai and the
person from Pune. S is not from Bengaluru. D is neither from Pune nor
from Hyderabad. P sits immediate right of the person from Surat. R sits
one of the extreme ends of the line and from Surat. C sits third to the
right of the person from Chennai. P does not face A and faces south
direction. The person from Mumbai sits exactly between the persons
from Kochi and Pune. The person from Hyderabad faces the person from
Kochi. The person from Surat stays on the odd numbered floor. T faces
North Direction and sits immediate left of Q. Only one person sit
between the persons from Bengaluru and Kolkatta. The person from
Kolkatta sits to the immediate right of Q, who seated exactly in the
middle of the row. P faces one of the immediate neighbors of the person

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from Chennai. D faces one of the immediate neighbors of the person

from Bengaluru. The person from Kochi stays on the top floor. Only One
person sits between the person from Surat and Q. C sits to the
immediate right of the person who faces S. The person from Hyderabad
stays on the 4thfloor. Only two people sit between C and E. S is neither
from Mumbai nor from Ahmedabad. The person from Pune sits second
to the right of the one who faces North Direction. One of the immediate
neighbors of the person from Pune behind the person from Bengaluru. A
faces the opposite direction to the person from Jaipur. The persons from
Bengaluru, Jaipur and Kolkatta stay on the consecutive floors. The floor
number of the person from Chennai is the double of the floor number of
the person from Surat. The floor number of the B is the square of the
floor number of P. Neither E nor A stays on floor numbered 6.

29.1 Who amongst the following faces the person from Hyderabad?
(a) The person from Mumbai (b) D
(c) The person from Pune (d) The person from Surat
Answer: B

29.2 T stays on which of the following floors?

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 6
Answer: A

29.3 Which of the following is true regarding C?

(a) C faces south direction (b) None of the given options is true
(c) C is from Bangladesh (d) The person from India faces C
Answer: A

29.4 R is related to Kolkata in the same way as C is related to Pune based

on the given arrangement, To who amongst the following is T related to
the following same pattern?
(a) Mumbai (b) Sri Nagar
(c) Bengaluru (d) Hyderabad
Answer: D

29.5 Who amongst the following sit at extreme ends of the row?
(a) The person stays on 8th floor (b) The persons from Ahmedabad and
and R A

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(c)D and the person stays on (d) The persons from Hyderabad and
10th floor Bengaluru
Answer: C
Explanation-

Question 30
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
Ten friends are sitting in two parallel rows of six seats each. One seat is
vacant in each row. M, N, O, P and Q are sitting in row-1 facing south. D,
E, F, G and H are facing North. Each likes a different Chocolate i.e. 5star,
Dairy Milk, Munch, Kitkat, Perk, Snickers, Bourneville, Gems, Eclairs and
Galaxy. Each person has different number of their favourite chocolates –
2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15 and 16.
The difference between the chocolates hold by N and O is 3. G sits third
to the right of F and likes Kitkat. Only two people sit between E and the
vacant seat. E does not like Perk or Munch Chocolate. Q is not an
immediate neighbour of O. N likes Galaxy. The persons who sit at the
extreme end of the line have chocolates in consecutive order. Neither E
nor H has 8 chocolate. One of the neighbors of vacant seat in both rows
have chocolates in odd number. The one who likes Munch Chocolate
faces the one who likes Gems. The one who likes Munch sits opposite to
the one who sits third right of the person who sits opposite to G. O is not
an immediate neighbour of P. H, who likes neither Perk nor Snickers,
does not face the vacant seat. Neither G nor F sits at any of the extreme
ends of the row. P faces F. Vacant seats are not opposite to each other.
Two seats are there between O and N, who sits third right of the one who
likes Bourneville. The one who likes Eclairs Chocolate faces the one who
likes Kitkat. The persons who like the 5star and Gems are adjacent to
each other. Vacant seat of row – 1 is not an immediate neighbour of P.
E sits at one of the extreme ends of the row. F does not like 5star and
Gems. Vacant seat of row-1 does not face G who doesn’t sit at any of the
extreme ends of the row. The person who likes 5star has 3 chocolates.
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The total number of chocolates hold by Q is the half of the total number
of chocolates hold by H. The total numbers of chocolates hold by M, F
and G is the Square of the total number of chocolates hold by P, Q and M
respectively. Neither P nor G has 4 chocolate.

30.1 In the given arrangement, if two people come and sit to the
immediate left of E, how many people will sit between D and E?
(a) Two (b) Three
(c) Four (d) More than four
Answer: B

30.2 Who amongst the following sits third to the right of F?

(a) The one who likes Kitkat (b) E
(c) Other than those given as (d) D
options
Answer: A

30.3 Which of the following faces the vacant seat of Row – 1?

(a) The one who likes Kitkat (b) E
(c) Other than those given as (d) The one who has 15 chocolate
options
Answer: D

30.4 Four of the following five are alike in a certain way based upon
their seating arrangement and so form a group. Which of the following
does not belong to the group?
(a) QE (b) ND
(c) HO (d) FP
Answer: D

30.5 Who among the following has 11 chocolates?

(a) Q (b) N
(c) D (d) E
Answer: B
Explanation-

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Question 31
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
Eight friends C, D, E, F, L, M, N and O are seated in a straight line, but not
necessarily in the same order. Some of them are facing north while some
face south. Only three people sit to the right of M. E sits second to the left
of M. F sits third to the right of O. O is not an immediate neighbour of M.
O does not sit at any of the extreme ends of the line. Both the immediate
neighbours of O face south.
D sits second to the right of N. As many people sit between M and D as
between M and L. Immediate neighbours of F face opposite
directions(i.e., If one person faces north then the other person faces
south and vice-versa). C faces south. L and F face direction opposite to C.
(i.e If C faces north then both L and F face south and vice-versa)

31.1 Which of the following is true, based on the given arrangement?

(a) D faces North (b) Only three people face South
(c) L sits at one of the extreme (d) O and E face the same directions
ends of the line
Answer: D

31.2 How many people sit to the left of O?

(a) Two (b) Three
(c) One (d) More than four
Answer: C

31.3 Who amongst the following faces South?

(a) E (b) M
(c) F (d) L
Answer: B

31.4 Who amongst the following sits second to the left of L?

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(a) O (b) F
(c) D (d) No one as less than two people sit
to the left of L
Answer: B

31.5 Who amongst the following represent the persons sitting at

extreme ends of the line?
(a) D, N (b) C, D
(c) L, N (d) D, L
Answer: B
Explanation-

Question 32
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions.
Eight people B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I are sitting in a straight line with
equal distances between each other, but not necessarily in the same
order. Some of them are facing north and some of them are facing south.
E sits immediate right of the person who sits at one of the extreme ends
of the line. Only three people sit between E and G. B sits exactly between
D and H.
C sits third to the right of H. F is an immediate neighbour of G and faces
south. G sits second to the right of C. D sits third to the left of G. B and E
face the same direction as C (i.e if C faces north then B and E also face
North and Vice-Versa).
Immediate neighbours of G face opposite directions (i.e. if one
neighbour faces North then the other neighbour faces south and Vice-
Versa)
Person who sit at the extreme ends of the line face opposite directions
(i.e. if one neighbour faces North then the other neighbour faces south
and Vice-Versa)
D and H face the same direction as I (i.e if I faces north then D and H also
face North and Vice-Versa).

32.1 In the given arrangement, how many people will sit between D and
G?
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Two
(a) (b) Three
Four
(c) (d) More than four
Answer: A

32.2 Who amongst the following sits third to the right of B?

(a) E (b) I
(c) Other than those given as (d) F
options
Answer: B

32.3 How many people face South as per the given arrangement?
(a) Two (b) Three
(c) Four (d) More than four
Answer: C

32.4 Four of the following five are alike in a certain way based upon
their seating arrangement and so form a group. Which of the following
does not belong to the group?
(a) IH (b) EG
(c) DF (d) EB
Answer: D

32.5 Who amongst the following sits at the extreme right end of the row?
(a) G (b) C
(c) I (d) H
Answer: B
Explanation:

Question 33
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions
A group of eight friends – A, C, F, S, X, M, I and W – are sitting in a straight
line facing north.
Each of them has different company cars– Datsun, Renault, Hyundai,
Tata, Maruti, Toyota, BMW and Volkswagen. Each of them likes different

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colours – Pink, Yellow, Red, Black, Blue, Orange, White and Green, but
not necessarily in the same order.
C, who has a Maruti car, sits third to the left of F. Neither C nor F sits at
the extreme ends of the line. A, who likes Pink colour, has Hyundai car. A
is not an immediate neighbour of either C or F.
S is two places away from M and likes Orange colour. M, who has BMW
car, likes Red colour. I, who has Datsun car, sits at an extreme end of the
line and likes White colour.
X, who has Tata car likes Green colour and sits on the immediate left of
C. C does not like either Blue or Yellow colour.
One who has Volkswagen sits on the immediate left of who has Datsun
car. F, who has Renault car, does not like Yellow colour.

33.1 The person who likes yellow has which company car?
(a) Datsun (b) BMW
(c) Toyota (d) Tata
Answer: C

33.2 What is the position of F with respect to X ?

(a) Fourth to the right (b) Second to the left
(c) Immediate right (d) Third to the left
Answer: A

33.3 If A is related to black, W is related to Blue then M is related with

which color ?
(a) Green (b) Orange
(c) White (d) Pink
Answer: B

33.4 Four of the following five are alike in a certain way based on their
position, which one does not belong to that group ?
(a) WFI (b) ACM
(c) SMC (d) XCW
Answer: D

33.5 Which of the following is correct according to the given

information?
(a) Two persons sits between W and (b) X and I are sits at the
who likes pink colour extreme end of the line

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(c)X is sit between who has Maruti (d) Both 1 and 3

and Hyundai cars
Answer: D
Explanation:

Question 34
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions
Ten Stationery items Pencil, Books, Notes, Pens, Sharpners, Chalk,
Stickers, Gum, Scale, Covers are placed in 10 boxes numbered 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are placed adjacent to one another in two different
rows of 5 boxes each.
Boxes with odd numbers are situated opposite to the boxes with even
numbers and no two even number boxes with even number and no two
boxes with odd numbers are adjacent to each other. No two boxes have
consecutive numbers.
Box no 8 is occupied by books and it is to the extreme left of one end of
the row.
Box 4 and 6 are not in the row of box no 8 and any of the boxes
numbered 4, 6, and 3 are not in the middle of the row.
Gums are placed in Box no 5.and its box is not situated in the row where
box no 6 is situated.
Notes are placed in an odd numbered box and placed in a row where
Books are situated but both are not adjacent to each other.
Sharpner’s and Chalk’s box are adjacent to box no 6 and Chalk’s box is
not adjacent to box no 4.
Pencil’s & Cover’s box are placed in the same row. Pen’s box is even
numbered but not 10 and diagonally opposite to box no 1 which
contains stickers
Box no 6 is second from the one of the end of the row. Stickers’s box is
neither opposite to Sharpners’s box nor adjacent to it.

34.1 The pack of notes are placed in which number box ?

(a) 7 (b) 9
(c) 8 (d) 3
Answer: A

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34.2 Covers are kept in which number box?

(a) 4 (b) 6
(c) 3.2 (d) Can’t be determined
Answer: D

34.3 The number 9 box is placed opposite to which box and contains
which stationery?
(a) 5, Chalk (b) 6, Covers
(c) 8, Pens (d) 10, scale
Answer: D

34.4 If pencil is placed in the box numbered 4 then which box is

placed opposite to the box which contains pencils ?
(a) Pencils (b) Covers
(c) Stickers (d) Gum
Answer: D

34.5 If the box 1 is related to Sharpners, box 10 is related to Pens then

Box 8 is related with?
(a) Scale (b) Books
(c) Chalk (d) Notes
Answer: A
Explanation:

Question 35
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions
P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W are eight members of 3 different families who
belongs to 3 different cities such as Mumbai, Mysore and Thanae. They
go for shopping in 3 different cars A, B and C. Out of 8 members 4 are
female. Each member of a family is travelling in a different car. Each car
carries at least one male, one female and each family has at least 2
members. P belongs to Thana and he is travelling in car C. S is wife of T
and they are travelling in Car A and B. W is son of Q who is wife of V and

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they belong to Mysore. R is daughter of U who is wife of P. R is travelling

in car B. V is not travelling with U.
35.1 Which of the following group belongs to Mumbai?
(a) T,V (b) S,T
(c) U,W (d) P,S
Answer: B

35.2 Which of the following group travelling in Car B ?

(a) S,V,P (b) R,V,W
(c) P,Q,R (d) R,T,V
Answer: D

35.3 V belongs to which city?

(a) Mysore (b) Mumbai
(c) Thanae (d) Either Mumbai or Mysore
Answer: A

35.4 Which of the following is true?

(a) P travelling in Car B (b) R travelling in Car A
(c) V travelling in Car B (d) T travelling in Car C
Answer: C

35.5 Which of the following combination is not true?

(a) T –Mumbai – B (b) W –Mysore – A
(c) P – Thanae – C (d) W – Mumbai – B
Answer: D
Explanation:

Question 36
Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions
10 people are sitting in 2 parallel rows containing 5 people each in such
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a way that there is an equal distance between adjacent persons. In row 1

– A, B, C, D and E are seated facing north and in row 2 – U, V, W, X and Y
are seated and facing south. Each person’s like different dishes- Dosa,
Poori, Chapathi, Idly, Samosa, Pizza, Pongal, Parotta, Briyani and Pasta E
is sit exactly in the centre of the row and faces the one who likes Idly.
Only 1 persons sits between E and the one who likes Samosa. X faces the
immediate neighbour of the one who likes Samosa. Only 1 persons sits
between U and the one who likes Idly. U is not an immediate neighbour
of X. U faces one of the immediate neighbours of C. D is neither an
immediate neighbour of C nor faces X.
V is not an immediate neighbour of X and faces the one who likes
Poori. D does not face W. D faces one of the immediate neighbours of the
one who likes Pizza. Only 1 person sits between the one who likes Pizza
and the one who likes Dosa. The one who likes Briyani and the one who
likes Parotta face each other. Only 2 people sit between the one who
likes Parotta and the one who likes Pongal. A does not like Pongal. The
one who likes Pasta sits fourth to the right of the one who likes Briyani.

36.1 Which of the following dish does X likes?

(a) Pizza (b) Pasta
(c) Poori (d) Pongal
Answer: A

36.2 Which of the following pairs represents the people sitting at the
extreme ends of the row 1?
(a) BE (b) AD
(c) AC (d) CB
Answer: B

36.3 Who among the following likes Briyani?

(a) X (b) Y
(c) V (d) U
Answer: D

36.4 Who among the following immediate neighbors of C ?

(a) BA (b) CE
(c) AE (d) DE
Answer: D

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36.5 Which of the following is correct?

(a) A faces V (b) C faces X
(c) E faces W (d) D faces U
Answer: C

E faces W

Past Examination Question

MAY - 2018
Question 1
Five boys A, B, C, D and E are sitting in a row A is to the right of B, and E
to the left of B but to the right o C. A is to the left of D. Who is second
from the left end?
(a) D (b) A
(c) E (d) B
Answer: C
Explanation:

Question 2
Five senior citizens are living in a multistoried building. Mr. Muan lives
a flat above Mr. Ashokan, Mr. Lokesh in a flat below Mr. Gaurav, Mr.
Ashokan lives in a flat below Mr. Gaurav and Mr. Rakesh lives in a flat
below Mr. Lokesh. Who lives in the top most flat?
(a) Mr.Lokesh (b) Mr. Gaurav
(c) Mr.Manu (d) Mr.Rakesh

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Answer: C
Explanation:
Mr. Manu lives in the top most flat.

Question 3
Six children A, B, C, D, E and Fare standing in a row. B is between F and
D. E is between A and C. A does not stand next to F or D. C does not
stand next to D. F is between which of the following pairs of children?
(a) Band E (b) Band C
(c) Band D (d) Band A
Answer: B
Explanation:

F is between B & C

Question 4
Five children are sitting in a row. S is sitting next to P but not T. K is
sitting next to R, who is sitting on the extreme left and T is not sitting
next to K. Who is/are adjacent to S.
(a) K+P (b) R+P
(c) Only P (d) P and T
Answer: D
Explanation:

Question 5
Five boys A, B, C, D and E are sitting in a row. A is to the right of Band E
is to the left of B but to the right of C. A is to the left of D. Who is second
from the left end?
(a) D (b) A
(c) E (d) B
Answer: C
Explanation:

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Nov - 2018
Question 1
Eight persons A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting in a line. E sits second
right to D. H sits fourth left to D. C and F are immediate neighbours, but
C is not immediate neighbour of A. G is not neighbour of E. Only two
persons sit between A and E. The persons on left end and right end
respectively are
(a) G and E (b) Band E
(c) Hand E (d) G and B
Answer: A
Explanation:

The Person on the left end = G

The Person On the right end = E

Question 2
Six children A, B, C, D, E and Fare sitting in a row. B is between F and D.
E is between A and C. However, A does not sit next to For D. C does not
sit next to D. Then , F is sitting between;
(a) B and C (b) E and C
(c) Band D (d) None of the above
Answer: A
Explanation:

F is sitting b/w B and C

Question 3
Five students A, B, C, D and E are standing in a row. D is on th right of E,
B is on the left of E but on the right of A.D is next to C on his left. The
student in middle is
(a) B (b) E
(c) C (d) A
Answer: B
Explanation:

The student in middle is 'E'

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MAY - 2018
Question 1
Five boys A, B, C, D, E are sitting in a row A is to the right of B and E is to the
left of B but to the right of C. A is to the left of D who is second from the left
end?
(a) D (b) A
(c) E (d) B
Answer: C
Explanation:
C E B A D

Question 2
5 children are sitting in a row. S is sitting next to P but not T.K is sitting
next to R.K is sitting on extreme end. T is not sitting next to K. Who are
sitting adjacent to S.
(a) K & P (b) R & P
(c) Only P (d) P & T
Answer: D
Explanation:
P S T R K

Question 3
Four girls are seated for a photograph. Shikha is left of Reena. Manju is to
the right of Reena. Rita is between Reena and Manju. Who is the second
left in photograph.
(a) Reena (b) Manju
(c) Rita (d) Shikha
Answer: C
Explanation:
Shikha, Reena, Rita, Manju

2nd Left

Question 4
Which of the following people are sitting to the right of S?
(a) OTPQ (b) OTPR
(c) UNVM (d) UOTPR

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Answer: B
Explanation:
The arrangement of the persons is Q W M V N U S O T P R O T P R are sitting to
the right of S.

2019 – Nov
Question 1
Six person are sitting in a circle facing the circler Parikh is between Bablu
and Narender Ashok is between Chitra and Pankaj. Chitra is immediate
left of Bablu. Who is immediate right of Bablu?
(a) Parikh (b) Pankaj
(c) Narender (d) Chitra
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to question;

Ashok
Chitra
Pankaj

Narender
Bablu
Parikh

So Parikh is immediate right of Bablu.

Question 2
C is between A and B. € is at the extreme right D is on the left of
Who is at the middle?
(a) A (b) B
(c) D (d) E
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to question,
ACBDE
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So B is in the middle.

Question 3
5 person are standing in a line one of the 2 persons at the extreme ends is
a professor and other a business max. An advocate is standing to the right
of student. An author is to the left of the business man. The student is
standing between the professor and advocate. Counting from left. The
author is at which place?
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) none
Answer: C
Explanation:
According to given ques;
Professor Student Advocate Author Businessman
Author is 4th from the left.

JAN - 2021
Question 1
A, B, C and D are playing cards. A and B are partners. D faces towards
north. If A faces west, then who faces south?
(a) C (b) B
(c) D (d) Data inadequate
Answer: A
Explanation:
As per the data D faces North A faces towards west So its partner B will face
towards A and hence towards East So C who will face D will face towards south.

Question 2
A is seated between D and F at a round table. C is seated opposite to D. E is
round adjust to D. who sis opposite to B?
(a) A (b) D
(c) C (d) F

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Answer: a
Explanation:

WHO IS UPPER

Question 3
For Indian A, B, C and D and four Chinese E, F, G and H are sitting in a circle
around a table facing the each other in a conference. No two Indians or
Chinese are sitting side by side, C who is sitting between G and F is being D,
F is between D and A and facing G, H is to the right of B. who is sitting left of
A?
(a) E (b) F
(c) G (d) H
Answer: a
Explanation:

Question 4
Five friends A, B, C, D and E are sitting on a bench. A is sitting next to B; C is
setting next to D, D is not sitting with E; E is at the left end of bench. C is on
second position from the right; A is on the right side of B and to the right
side of E. A and C are sitting together. What is the position of B?
(a) Second from right (b) Centre
(c) Extreme left (d) Second from left
Answer: d
Explanation:

July - 2021
Question 1
A, B, C, D and E are sitting on a bench. A is sitting next to B, C is on the left
end of the bench. C is on the second position from the right. A is to the
right of B and E. A I and C are sitting together. In which position A is sitting
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between?
(a) C and D (b) D and E
(c) B and C (d) B and E
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
Between B and C
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
E B A C D
Therefore, A is sitting in between B and C.

Question 2
Five girls are sitting on a bench to be photographed. Seema is to the left of
Rani and to the right of Bindu. Mary is to the right of Rani. Reeta is
between Rani and Mary. Who is sitting immediate right to Reeta?
(a) Seema (b) Rani
(c) Bindu (d) Mary
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation
We are given that five girls are sitting on a bench to be photographed.
Seema is to the left of Rani and to the right of Bindu.
So, sequence (Facing towards photographer): Rani, Seema , Bindu
So, Seema is to the left of Rani and to the right of Bindu.
Now we are given that Mary is to the right of rani
Sequence: Mary, Rani, Seema, Bindu
Now we are given that reeta is between rani and Mary
So, Sequence: Mary, Reeta, Rani, Seema, Bindu
Now we are asked who is sitting immediate right to reeta
Ans: Mary is sitting immediate right to Reeta.

Question 3
Six friends P, Q, R, S, T and U are sitting around the hexagonal table each at
one corner and are facing the centre of the hexagonal. P is second to the
left of U. Q is neighbour of R and S. T is second to the left of S. Which one is
sitting opposite to S?
(a) R (b) P
(c) Q (d) T
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:

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S is sitting opposite to P
Step-by-step explanation:
Let mark corners
1 2 3 4 5 6 clock wise
P is second to the left of u
Assume P is at 1 then U would be at 3
Q is a neighbour of R and S
=> Q, must be at 5 & R & S would be at 2 & 4
Hence at reaming position 2 would be T
T is second to the left of S
=> S will be at 4
P is at 1 so opposite is 4 - S
S is sitting opposite to P

Question 4
A, B, C, D, E, F and G are sitting in a row facing North:
1. F is to the immediate right of E
2. E is 4th to the right to G
3. C is the neighbour of B and D
4. Person who is third to the left of D is at one of ends
Who are right of D?
(a) E and F only (b) G, b and C
(c) E, F and A (d) G and B only
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:

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CHAPTER - 12
BLOOD RELATIONS

A person who is related to another by birth rather than by marriage.

Family or Blood Relationship means persons connected by relations like –
father-mother, son-daughter, brother-sister, grandfather-grandmother,
uncle-aunty, nephew-niece, brother-in-law, sister-in-law etc. The list can go
on and on adding

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members from father’s side and mother’s side etc.

Question 1
Pointing to a photograph of a boy Shinzo said, "He is the son of the
only son of my mother." How is Shinzo related to that boy?
(a) Father (b) Brother
(c) Uncle (d) Cousin
Answer: a
Explanation:
The boy in the photograph is the only son of the son of Shinzo's mother
i.e., the son of Shinzo. Hence, Shinzo is the father of boy.

Question 2
If A + B means A is the mother of B; A - B means A is the brother B; A
% B means A is the father of B and A x B means A is the sister of B,
which of the following shows that P is the maternal uncle of Q?
(a) Q - N + M x P (b) P + S x N - Q
(c) P - M + N x Q (d) Q - S % P
Answer: C
Explanation:
P - M → P is the brother of M
M + N → M is the mother of N
N x Q → N is the sister of Q
Therefore, P is the maternal uncle of Q

Question 3
If A is the brother of B; B is the sister of C; and C is the father of D,
how D is related to A?
(a) Brother (b) Sister
(c) Nephew (d) Cannot be determined
Answer: D
Explanation:

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If D is Male, the answer is Nephew.

If D is Female, the answer is Niece.
As the sex of D is not known, hence, the relation between D and A cannot
be determined.
Note: Niece - A daughter of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-
law or sister-in-law. Nephew - A son of one's brother or sister, or of one's
brother-in-law or sister-in-law

Question 4
If A + B means A is the brother of B; A - B means A is the sister of B
and A x B means A is the father of B. Which of the following means
that C is the son of M?
(a) M - N x C + F (b) F - C + N x M
(c) N + M - F x C (d) M x N - C + F
Answer: D
Explanation:
M x N → M is the father of N
N - C → N is the sister of C
and C + F → C is the brother of F.
Hence, M is the father of C or C is the son of M
5
.Question 5
Introducing a boy, a girl said, "He is the son of the daughter of the
father of my uncle." How is the boy related to the girl?
(a) Brother (b) Nephew
(c) Uncle (d) Son-in-law
Answer: A
Explanation:
The father of the boy's uncle → the grandfather of the boy and
daughter of the grandfather → sister of father
Question 6
Pointing to a photograph Lata says, "He is the son of the only son of
my grandfather." How is the man in the photograph related to Lata?
(a) Brother (b) Uncle

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(c) Cousin (d) Data is inadequate

Answer: A
Explanation:
The man in the photograph is the son of the only son of Lata's grandfather
i.e., the man is the son of Lata's father. Hence, the man is the brother of Lata.

Question 7
If A + B means A is the brother of B; A x B means A is the son of B; and A
% B means B is the daughter of A then which of the following means M
is the maternal uncle of N?
(a) M + O x N (b) M % O x N + P
(c) M + O % N (d) None of these
Answer: D
Explanation:
Because the sex of O is not known

Question 8
If D is the brother of B, how B is related to C? To answer this
question which of the statements is/are necessary?
1. The son of D is the grandson of C.
2. B is the sister of D.
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Either 1 or 2 (d) 1 and 2 both are required
Answer: D
Explanation:
Given: D is the brother of B.
From statement 1, we can detect that D is son of C (son of D is the
grandson of C).
From statement 2, we can detect that B is 'Female' (sister of D).
Therefore, B is daughter of C.
Question 9
If A + B means A is the father of B; A - B means A is the brother B; A
% B means A is the wife of B and A x B means A is the mother of B,
which of the following shows that M is the maternal grandmother
of T?
(a) M x N % S + T (b) M x N - S % T
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(c) M x S - N % T (d) M x N x S % T
Answer: A
Explanation:
M x N → M is the mother of N
N % S → N is the wife of S
and S→ T is the father of T.
Hence, M is the maternal grandmother of T
Question 10
Pointing to a photograph. Bajpai said, "He is the son of the only
daughter of the father of my brother." How Bajpai is related to the
man in the photograph?
(a) Nephew (b) Brother Only 1
(c) Father (d) Maternal Uncle Either 1 or
Answer: D
Explanation:
The man in the photo is the son of the sister of Bajpai. Hence, Bajpai is the
maternal uncle of the man in the photograph

Question 11
Deepak said to Nitin, "That boy playing with the football is the
younger of the two brothers of the daughter of my father's wife."
How is the boy playing football related to Deepak?
(a) Son (b) Brother Only 1
(c) Cousin (d) Brother-in-law Either 1 or
Answer: B
Explanation:
Father's wife → mother. Hence, the daughter of the mother means sister
and sister's younger brother means brother. Therefore, the boy is the
brother of Deepak.

Question 12
Pointing a photograph X said to his friend Y, "She is the only
daughter of the father of my mother." How X is related to the
person of photograph?
(a) Daughter (b) Son Only 1
(c) Nephew (d) Cannot be decided Either 1 or
Answer: B
Explanation:

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'The only daughter of the father of X's mother' means mother of X.

Hence X is the son of the lady in the photograph.
Note: Still have doubt like "How X is a male?"

Question 13
Veena who is the sister-in-law of Ashok, is the daughter-in-law of
Kalyani. Dheeraj is the father of Sudeep who is the only brother of
Ashok. How Kalyani is related to Ashok?
(a) Mother-in-law (b) Aunt Only 1
(c) Wife (d) None of these Either 1 or
Answer: D
Explanation:
Ashok is the only brother of Sudeep and Veena is the sister-in-law of
Ashok. Hence Veena is the wife of Sudeep. Kalyani is the mother-in-law
of Veena. Kalyani is the mother of Ashok.

Question 14
If A + B means A is the sister of B; A x B means A is the wife of B, A
% B means A is the father of B and A - B means A is the brother of
B. Which of the following means T is the daughter of P?
(a) PxQ%R+S-T (b) PxQ%R-T+S Only 1
(c) PxQ%R+T-S (d) PxQ%R+S+T Either 1 or
Answer: B
Explanation:
P x Q → P is the wife of Q
Q % R → Q is the father of R
R - T → R is the brother of T
T + S → T is the sister of S.
Therefore, T is the daughter of P.

Question 15
Pointing to a woman, Abhijit said, "Her granddaughter is the only

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daughter of my brother." How is the woman related to Abhijit?

(a) Sister (b) Grandmother Only 1
(c) Mother-in-law (d) Mother Either 1 or
Answer: D
Explanation:
Daughter of Abhijit's brother → niece of Abhijit. Thus the
granddaughter of the woman is Abhijit's niece.
Hence, the woman is the mother of Abhijit.

Question 16
Amit said - "This girl is the wife of the grandson of my mother".
How is Amit related to the girl?
(a) Brother (b) Grandfather
(b) Husband (d) Father-in-law
Answer: D
Explanation:
The girl is the wife of grandson of Amit's mother i.e., the girl is the
wife of son of Amit. Hence, Amit is the father-in-law of the girl.

Question 17
A and B are children of D. Who is the father of A? To answer this
question which of the statements (1) and (2) is necessary?
1. C is the brother of A and the son of E.
2. F is the mother B.
(a) Only (1) (c) Only (2) Only 1
(b) Either (1) or (2) (d) (1) and (2) both Either 1 or
Answer: B
Explanation:
A and B are children of D.
From (1), C is the brother B and son of E.
Since, the sex of D and E are not known. Hence (1) is not sufficient to
answer the question.
From (2). F is the mother of B. Hence, F is also the mother of A. Hence
D is the father of A.

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Thus, (2) is sufficient to answer the question.

Question 18
Pointing towards a man, a woman said, "His mother is the only
daughter of my mother." How is the woman related to the man?
(a) Mother (b) Grandmother
(b) Sister (d) Daughter
Answer: A
Explanation:
Only daughter of my mother → myself.
Hence, the woman is the mother of the man.

Question 19
If P $ Q means P is the brother of Q; P # Q means P is the mother of Q; P * Q
means P is the daughter of Q in A # B $ C * D, who is the father?
(a) D (b) B
(b) C (d) Data is inadequate
Answer: A
Explanation:
A is the mother of B, B is the brother of C and C is the daughter of D. Hence, D is the
father.
A (Parents) D
| |
| |
B - is - Brother - of - C

Question 20
Introducing Sonia, Aamir says, "She is the wife of only nephew of
only brother of my mother." How Sonia is related to Aamir?
(a) Wife (b) Sister
(b) Sister-in-law (d) Data is inadequate
Answer: A
Explanation:
Brother of mother means maternal uncle. Hence only nephew of

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Aamir's maternal uncle means Aamir himself. Therefore, Sonia is the

wife of Aamir

Question 21
If A + B means A is the brother of B; A % B means A is the father
of B and A x B means A is the sister of B. Which of the following
means M is the uncle of P?
(a) M % N x P (b) N x P % M
(b) M + S % R % P (d) M + K % T x P
Answer: D
Explanation:
M + K → M is the brother of K
K % T → K is the father of T
T x P → T is the sister of P
Therefore, K is the father of P and M is the uncle of P.

Question 22
Pointing to Varman, Madhav said, "I am the only son of one of
the sons of his father." How is Varman related to Madhav?
(a) Nephew (b) Uncle
(b) Father or Uncle (d) Father
Answer: C
Explanation:
Madhav is the only son of one of the sons of Varman's father →
Either Varman is the father or uncle of Madhav.

Question 23
Introducing a woman, Shashank said, "She is the mother of the
only daughter of my son." How that woman is related to
Shashank?
(a) Daughter (b) Sister-in-law
(b) Wife (d) Daughter-in-law
Answer: D
Explanation:
The woman is the mother of Shashank's granddaughter. Hence, the
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woman is the daughter-in-law of Shashank.

Question 24
If A + B means B is the brother of A; A x B means B is the
husband of A; A - B means A is the mother of B and A % B means
A is the father of B, which of the following relations shows that
Q is the grandmother of T?
(a) Q - P + R % T (b) P x Q % R - T
(b) P x Q % R + T (d) P + Q % R - T
Answer: A
Explanation:
Q - P → Q is the mother of P
P + R → R is the brother of P
Hence, → q is the mother of R
R % T → R is the father of T.
Hence, Q is the grandmother of T

Question 25
A3P means A is the mother of P
1. A4P means A is the brother of P
2. A9P means A is the husband of P
3. A5P means A is the daughter of P
Which of the following means that K is the mother-in-law of M?
(a) M9N3K4J (b) M9N5K3J Only 1
(c) K5J9M3N (d) K3J9N4M Either 1 or
Answer: B
Explanation:
M9N → M is the husband of N
N5K → N is the daughter of K
Hence, → M is the son-in-law of K
K3J → K is the mother of J
Hence, → K is a lady

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Hence, → K is the mother-in-law of M

Question 26
Introducing Neeta, Anil said, ‘She is wife of my mother’s only son. How
is Neeta related to Anil?
(a) Mother (b) Wife
(b) Sister (d) Daughter-in-law
Answer: B
Explanation:
Neeta is the wife of Anil’s mother’s only son, who is Anil himself. Hence,
answer is Neeta is Anil’s wife. i.e. (B) Wife.

Question 27
‘Ram’ is the father of ‘Kusha’ but ‘Kusha’ is not his son. ‘Mala’ is the
daughter of ‘Kusha’.’ Shalaka’ is the spouse of ‘Ram’. ‘Gopal’ is the
brother of ‘Kusha’. ‘Hari’ is the son of ‘Gopal’. ‘Meena’ is the spouse of
‘Gopal’. ‘Ganpat’ is the father of ‘Meena’. Who is the granddaughter of
‘Ram’?
(a) Hari (b) Mala
(b) Meena (d) Shalaka
Answer: B
Explanation:

‘Mala’ is the daughter of ‘Kusha’ and ‘Ram’ is the father of ‘Kusha’. So, ‘Mala’
is the granddaughter of ‘Ram’. Hence,

Question 28
Pointing to a gentleman, Dinesh said “His only brother is the father of
my daughter’s father.” How is the gentleman related to Dinesh?
(a) Uncle (b) Grandfather
(b) Father (d) Brother- in-law
Answer: A

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Explanation:
The gentleman’s only brother is the father of Dinesh (Dinesh daughter’s
father is Dinesh himself.). Gentleman is brother of Dinesh’s father.
Gentleman is Dinesh’s uncle. Hence,

Question 29
Pointing to Ajay, Radha said, “His father is the only son of my
grandfather”. How is Radha Related to Ajay?
(a) Brother (b) Sister
(b) Mother (d) Daughter
Answer: B
Explanation:

When Radha’s Grandfather’s only son is Ajay’s father, then Ajay’s father is
also the father of Radha. So Radha is Ajay’s sister. Hence, answer is (B)
Sister.
We know, ‘Only son of my grandfather’ means ‘my father’. “His father is the
only son of my grandfather” thus becomes “His father is my father”. So
Radha is Ajay’s sister. Hence,

Question 30
Lalita said to Tina, “You are the daughter-in-law of the grandmother of
my father’s only son.”How is Lalita related to Tina?
(a) Aunt (b) Sister
(b) Mother (d) Indeterminable
Answer: D
Explanation:
‘My father’s only son’ is my (Lalita’s) brother. Tina is daughter-in-law of
grandmother of (Lalita’s) brother. Tina thus can be their mother (wife of
grandmother’s only son). However, as it is not mentioned that the
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grandmother has only one son, Tina can be wife of grandmother’s other son
i.e. Tina could also be their aunt. Hence,

Question 31
Pointing to a photograph, Amar said, “I have no brother or sister but
that man’s father is my father’s son.” Whose photograph, was it?
(a) His son’s (b) His father’s
(b) His nephew’s (d) His own
Answer: A
Explanation:
Since Amar has no brother or sister so his father’s son is the man himself
and so the man who is talking is the father of the man in the photograph i.e.
the man in the photograph is his son. Hence, answer is (A) His son’s.

Question 32
Looking at the portrait of a man, Ashok said, ‘His mother is the wife of
my father’s son. Brothers and sisters I have none’. At whose portrait
was Ashok looking?
(a) His cousin (b) His nephew
(b) . His uncle (d) His son
Answer: D
Explanation:
My (Ashok’s) father’s son will be Ashok himself as he has no brother or
sister. Ashok’s wife is mother of the person in the portrait. The portrait is
thus of Ashok’s own son. Hence, answer is (D) His Son.

Question 33
Pointing to a photograph of a boy Suresh said, "He is the son of the only
son of my mother." How is Suresh related to that boy?
(a) Brother (b) Uncle
(b) Cousin (d) Father
Answer: D
Explanation:
The boy in the photograph is the only son of the son of Suresh's mother i.e.,
the son of Suresh. Hence, Suresh is the father of boy.

Question 34
When Anuj saw Manish, he recalled, "He is the son of the father of my
daughter." Who is Manish?

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(a) Brother-in-law (b) Brother

(b) Cousin (d) Uncle
Answer: A
Explanation:
Anuj's daughter's mother — Anuj's wife;
Anju's wife's father - Anuj's father-in-law;
Father-in-law's son — Anuj's brother-in-law
So, Manish is Anuj's brother-in-law

Question 35
A has 3 children. B is the brother of C and C is the sister of D, E who is
the wife of A is the mother of D. There is only one daughter of the
husband of E. What is the relation between D and B?
(a) A (b) B
(b) C (d) D
Answer: D

Explanation:

With the chart Therefore, D is a boy because there is only one daughter of E.
Hence, B is the brother of D.
Note: While solving the question (+) can be used for male and (-) can be
used for female.

Question 36
If A + B means A is the mother of B; A x B means A is the father of B; A $
B means A is the brother of B and A @ B means A is the sister of B, then
which of the following means P is the son of Q?
(a) Q + R @ P @ N (b) Q + R $ P @ N
(b) Q x R $ P @ N (d) Q + R $ P $ N
Answer: D
Explanation:
Q + R = Q is the mother of R
R $ P = R is the brother of P
P $ N = P is the brother of N

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Therefore, P is the son of Q.

Question 37
There are six persons playing cricket namely U, V, W, X, Y and Z. U and
Y are brothers. Z is the sister of Y. W is the only son of U’s uncle. V and
X are the daughters of the brother of W’s father. How is W related to
Z?
(a) Cousin (b) Father
(b) Mother (d) wife
Answer: A
Explanation:
Z is Y’s sister and hence U’s sister, which means W is also the son of Z’s
uncle. So, W is Z’s cousin.

Question 38
X – Z means X is the mother of Z; X × Z means X is the father of Z and X
+ Z means X is the daughter of Z. Now, if M – N × T + Q, then which of
the following is not true?
(a) T is N’s daughter. (b) N is wife of Q
(c) M is mother-in-law of Q (d) Q is wife of N.
Answer: B
Explanation:
M–N×T+Q
M is the mother of N who is the father of T who is the daughter of Q. So, M is
the grandmother of the daughter of Q, i.e., M is the mother-in-law of Q.
Hence (B) is not true.

Question 39
If ‘A × B’ means ‘B is father of A’, ‘A+ B’ means ‘A is wife of B’ and ‘A ÷ B’
means ‘A is brother of B’, then, what is the relation of J with L in ‘J + H ÷
R × L’?
(a) Daughter (b) Daughter-in-law
(c) Sister-in-law (d) Cannot be determined
Answer: B
Explanation:

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J is R’s brother’s wife. L is the father of H and R.

Hence, J is daughter-in-law of L.

Question 40
A is B's sister. C is B's mother. D is C's father. E is D's mother. Then,
how is A related to D?
(a) Grandfather (b) Grandmother
(c) Daughter (d) Granddaughter
Answer: D
Explanation:
A is the sister of B and B is the daughter of C.
So, A is the daughter of C. Also, D is the father of C.
So, A is the granddaughter of D.

Question 41
P is the brother of Q and R. S is R's mother. T is P's father. Which of the
following statements cannot be definitely true?
(a) T is Q's father (b) S is P's mother
(c) P is S's son (d) Q is T's son
Answer: D
Explanation:
P, Q, R are children of same parents. So. S who is R's mother and T, who is
R's father will be mother and father of all three.
However, it is not mentioned whether Q is male or female So, D cannot be
definitely true.

Question 42
Pointing to a person, a man said to a woman, "His mother is the only
daughter of your father." How was the woman related to the person?
(a) Aunt (b) Mother
(c) Wife (d) Daughter
Answer: A
Explanation:
Daughter of your father — Your sister. So, the person's mother is woman's
sister or the woman is person's aunt.
Question 43
A girl introduced a boy as the son of' the daughter of the father of her
uncle. The boy is girls
(a) Brother (b) Son

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(c) Uncle (d) Son-in-law

Answer: A
Explanation:
Daughter of uncle's father — Uncle's sister — Mother;
Mother's son — Brother

Question 44
Pointing out to a lady, a girl said, "She is the daughter-in-law of the
grandmother of my father's only son." How is the lady related to the
girl?
(a) Sister-in-law (b) Mother
(c) Aunt (d) Can't be determined
Answer: D
Explanation:
Girl’s father's only son— Girl's brother. Daughter in law of girl’s
grandmother can be their mother, or maternal uncle’s wife, i.e. aunt. So
relation cannot be determined.

Question 45
Pointing to a lady, a man said, "The son of her only brother is the
brother of my wife." How is the lady related to the man?
(a) Mother's sister (b) Grandmother
(c) Mother-in-law (d) Sister of father-in-law
Answer: D
Explanation:
Brother of my wife — My brother.in-law; Son of lady's brother is the
brother-in-law of the man.
So lady's brother is man's father-in-law
i.e., the lady is the sister of man's father-in-law.

Question 46
A woman introduces a man as the son of the brother of her mother.
How is the man, related to the woman?
(a) Nephew (b) Son
(c) Cousin (d) Uncle to Grandson
Answer: C
Explanation:
Brother of mother — Uncle: Uncle's son — Cousin

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Question 47
In a family, there are six members A, B, C, D, E and F.
A and B are a married couple, A being the male member. D is the only
son of C, who is the brother of A. E is the sister of D. B is the daughter-
in-law of F, whose husband has died. How is E related to C?
(a) Sister (b) Daughter
(c) Cousin (d) Mother
Answer: B
Explanation:
A is a male and married to B. So, A is the husband and B is the wife. C is the
brother of A. D is the son of C. E. who is the sister of D will be the daughter
of C. B is the daughter-in-law of F whose husband has died means F is the
mother of A.
Clearly. E is the daughter of C.

Question 48
There are six persons A. B, C, D, E and F. C is the sister of F. B is the
brother of E's husband. D is the father of A and grandfather of F. There
are two fathers, three brothers and a mother in the group. Who is the
mother?
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) E
Answer: D
Explanation:
D is father of A and grandfather of F. So, A is father of F.
Thus. D and A are the two fathers. C is the sister of F So. C is the daughter of
A.
Since there is only one mother, it is evident that E is the wife of A and hence
the mother of C and F.
So, B is brother of A There are three brothers. So. F is the brother of C.
Clearly, A is E's Husband.

Question 49
Introducing a man, a woman said, 'He is the only son of my mother's
mother." How is the woman related to the man?
(a) Mother (b) Aunt
(c) Sister (d) Niece
Answer: D
Explanation:

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My mother's mother — My grandmother: My grandmother's only son — My

maternal uncle. So, the woman is man's niece.

Past Examination Questions

MAY - 2018
Question 1
Vinod introduce Vishal as the son of the only brother of his father's wife.
How is Vinod related to Vishal?
(a) Cousin (b) Brother
(c) Son (d) Uncle
Answer: A
Vinod Introduces Vishal as the Son of the only brother. Of his father's wife then
Vinod is cousin of Vishal.

Question 2
Suresh introduces a man as "he is the son of the woman who is the mother
of the husband of my mother’’. How Suresh is related to the man?
(a) Brother-in-law (b) Son
(c) Brother (d) Nephew
Answer: B
Suresh introduces a man as" he is the son of the woman who is the mother of the
husband of my mother''. Then Suresh is the 'Son' the man.

Question 3
A reads a book and find the name of the author familiar. The author' is the
paternal uncle of C. C is the daughter of A. How is C related to A
(a) Brother (b) Sister
(c) Father (d) Uncle
Answer: A

Question 4
P and Q are brothers R and S are sisters .P's son is R's brother. How I Q

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related to R?
(a) Uncle (b) Brother
(c) Father (d) Grandfather
Answer: A

As P is father of S and P is its brother so they are uncle and nephew

So, relationship between Q and R is of Uncle.

nov - 2018
Question 1
Pointing to a man in a photograph, a woman said, ‘‘the father of his brother
is the only son of my grandfather", how is the woman related to man in the
photograph?
(a) Mother (b) Aunty
(c) Daughter (d) Sister
Answer: D
Explanation:
The father of his brother is the only son of my grandfather. So, the women is
man’s sister.
Only son of women's grandfather = woman's father Man's brother's father-
man's father so. The women are man's sister.

Question 2
Six persons are seen together in a group. They are A, B, C, D, E and F, B is
brother of D, but D is not brother of B. F is brother of B, C and A are married
together. F is son of C, but C is not mother of F. E is brother of A. The number
of female member in the group is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Answer: B

No. of female members = 2

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Question 3
Ram and Mohan are brothers, Shankar is Mohan's father. Chhaya is
Shankar's sister. Priya is Shankar's niece. Shubhra is Chhaya's
granddaughter. Then Ram is Shubhra's.
(a) Brother (b) Uncle
(c) Cousin (d) Nephew
Answer: B

Ram is the uncle of Shubhra.

Question 4
If P + Q means P is the mother of Q. P ÷ Q means P is the father of Q.P-
QmeansPisthesisterofQ.Thenwhichofthefollowingrelationship shows
that M is the daughter ofR?
(a) R + M+N (b) R + N +M
(c) R - M+N (d) None of the above
Answer: A
M+N i.e., R is the father of M.
Hence, R: M+N clearly means
That, M is the daughter of R.

MAY - 2019
Question 1
Pointing to a photograph, a Man said “His Mother husband’s sister is my
aunt”. Then what is relation between a man and he?
(a) on (b) ncle
(c) ephew (d) rother
Answer: D
Explanation:
man’s mother husband = father
So the answer be man’s Brother

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Question 2
Pointing to old man Kailash said “his son is my son’s uncle” How is kailash
is related to old man.
(a) Brother (b) Either son (or) son-in-law
(c) Father (d) Grand Father
Answer: B
Explanation:
So Kailash is related to old man is in terms of Father son relation.

Question 3
If A is the brother of B; B is the sister of C; and C is the father of D, how D is
related to A?
(a) Brother (b) Sister
(c) Nephew (d) Cannot be determined
Answer: D
Explanation:
If D is Male, the answer is Nephew. If D is Female, the answer is Niece. As the sex
of D is not known, hence, the relation between D and A cannot be determined.
Note: Niece - A daughter of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law or
sister-in-law. Nephew - A son of one's brother or sister, or of one's brother-in-law
or sister-in-law.

Question 4
A is the son of C; C and Q are sisters; Z is the mother of Q and P is the son of
Z. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) P and A are cousins (b) P is the maternal uncle of A
(c) Q is the maternal grandfather of A (d) C and P are sisters
Answer: B
Explanation:
C and Q are sisters and A is the son of C. Hence, C is the mother of A or Z is the
mother Q. Hence, Z is the maternal grandmother of A. P is the son of Z. Hence, P is
the maternal uncle of A.
nov - 2019
A, B, C, D, E and F are members of a family. B is the son of A DUE the mother
of B, A and C are married couple. F is the brother of A. D is the sister of B, E
is the son of C.
Question1

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How many male members are there in the family.

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4

Q.2 How is F related to B?

(a) Uncle (b) Daughter
(c) Son (d) Niece

Q.3 How many children A has?

(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 1
Answer:
For question [1-3]
(+) => male
(-) => female

(Mother) C- A+(Father) Bro F+

Son Daughter
Sister D-
E+ B+

Q.1 (Ans.) (d) There are four male members in the family i.e.
A (father or husband)
F (A's brother)
B (son of A and C)
E (son of A and C)

Q.2 (Ans.) (a) Since F is A's brother

and B is A's son.
father's brother = uncle
So, F is the uncle of B

Q.3 (Ans.) (a) A has 3 children

E, B and D
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DEC - 2020
Question 1
Pointing towards a person a man said to a woman. “His mother is the only
daughter of your father”. How is the woman related to that person?
(a) daughter (b) mother
(c) sister (d) wife
Answer: B
Explanation:
The only daughter of the woman’s father is she herself. So, the person is the
woman’s son. i.e., the woman is the person's mother. Hence, the answer is (b).

Question 2
Vicky introduces John as the son of the only brother of his father’s wife.
How is Vicky related to John?
(a) Cousin (b) Son
(c) Brother (d) Uncle
Answer: A
Explanation:
The only brother of his father's wife is Sohan's maternal uncle.
So, Mohan is Sohan's maternal uncle's son.
So, Mohan is Sohan's cousin.
Option A.

Question 3
Point out to a lady sohil said she is the daughter of woman. Who is the
mother of the husband of my mother? Who is the lady to sohil?
(a) Sister (b) Aunt
(c) Daughter (d) Sister-in-law
Answer: B
Explanation:
The relations may be analyzed as follows:
Mother's husband ⇒ Father;
Father's mother ⇒ Grandmother;
Grandmother's daughter ⇒ Father's sister;
Father's sister ⇒ Aunt.
So, the lady is Rajan's aunt.
Hence, the answer is (b).

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JAN – 2021

Question 1
P is the brother of Q and R, S is the mother of R. T is the father of P. which of
the following statements cannot be definitely true?
(a) S is the mother of P (b) P is son of S
(c) T is husband of S (d) Q is son of T.
Answer: D
Explanation:
P, Q, R are children of same parents. So. S who is R's mother and T, who is R's
father, will be mother and father of all three. However, it is not mentioned
whether Q is male or female So, D cannot be definitely true.

Question 2
Pointing to a lady in a photograph, Ran said, ‘’her son’s father is the son-in-
law of my mother,’’ how is Ram related to the lady?
(a) Aunt (b) Cousin
(c) Sister (d) Mother
Answer: B
Explanation:
Ram is brother of that lady.

Question 3
A girl introduces ……… a boy as the son of the daughter of the father of her
uncle the boy is girl’s
(a) Son (b) Brother
(c) Son-in-law (d) Uncle
Answer: B
Explanation:
Daughter of uncle's father — Uncle's sister — Mother; Mother's son — Brother

Question 4
Pointing to lady, Sahil said ‘’She is the daughter of the woman who is the
mother of the husband of my mother, ‘’who is the lady to Sahil?
(a) Aunt (b) Sister
(c) Daughter (d) Sister – in – law

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Answer: A
Explanation:
The relations may be analyzed as follows:
Mother's husband ⇒ Father;
Father's mother ⇒ Grandmother;
Grandmother's daughter ⇒ Father's sister;
Father's sister ⇒ Aunt.
So, the lady is Rajan's aunt. Hence, the answer is (a).

July - 2021

Question 1
Pointing towards “A”, “B”, said: “Your mother is younger sister of my
mother”. “A” is related to “B” as__
(a) Uncle (b) Cousin
(c) Nephew (d) Father
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
Pointing towards A, B said ‘’your mother is the younger sister of my mother’’
We draw the flow chart of given information as follows, circle around the
alphabet indicates that person is a lady

A is the cousin of B. So b is the answer

Question 2
Shyam’s mother said to Shyam “my mother has a son whose son is Ram”.
Shyam is related to Ram as _
(a) Uncle (b) Cousin
(c) Nephew (d) Grandfather
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:

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Question 3
Amit said “This girl is the wife of the grandson of my mother”. How Amit
related to the girl?
(a) Father-in-law (b) Grandson
(c) Father (d) Son
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation:

Question 4
A is the son of C; C and Q are sisters: Z is the mother of Q and P is the son of
Z. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) A and P are cousins (b) C and P are sisters
(c) P is the maternal uncle of A (d) A is the maternal uncle of P
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:

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C and Q are sisters and A is the son of C.

C is the mother of A and Z is the mother Q.
Hence, Z is the matemal grandmother of A.
P is the son of Z.
Hence, P is the material uncle of A.

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CHAPTER - 13
STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF
DATA

COLLECTION OF DATA

Applications of Statistics

Collection Present data in Textual Present Data

of Data and Tabular form Graphically

Primary Secondary Line Chart or Frequency

Data Data Histogram Polygon

Frequency
Distribution Pie Chart

Cumulative
Frequency

Primary method
• Interview
Secondary method
• Mailed questionnaire
• Observation • International sources
• Questionnaries filled and • Unpublished sources of various
sent by enumerators. research institutes, researchers
• Government sources
• Private and quasi-government
sources

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The process of arranging data on the

basis of the characteristic under
PRESENTATION Classification
OF DATA consideration into a number of
or
groups or classes according to the
Organization
similarities of the observations.
of Data
(i) Chronological or Temporal or
Time Series Data;
Data may be (ii) Geographical or Spatial Series
classified as Data;
(iii) Qualitative or Ordinal Data;
(iv) Quantitative or Cardinal Data.
(a) Textual presentation

Mode of (b) Tabular presentation or

Presentation Tabulation
of Data (c) Diagrammatic representation

I. Line diagram or Histogram

II. Bar diagram
III. Pie chart

FREQUENCY tabular representation of statistical data, usually in an

DISTRIBUTION ascending order, relating to a measurable characteristic
according to individual value or a group of values of the
characteristic under study

Class Limit (CL) Corresponding to a class interval, the class limits may be
defined as the minimum value and the maximum value
the class interval may contain.

Class Boundary Class boundaries may be defined as the actual class limit
of a class interval
(CB)
𝐷
LCB = LCL -
2

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Mid-point or Corresponding to a class interval, this may be

Mid-value or defined as the total of the two class limits or
class mark class boundaries to be divided by 2. Thus, we
have
LCL + UCL
mid-point=
2

Cumulative Thecumulativefrequencycorrespondingtoavalueforadisc
Frequency retevariableandcorrespondingto a class boundary for a
continuous variable may be defined as the number of
observations less than the value or less than or equal to
the class boundary.
GRAPHICAL •Histogram or Area diagram: A histogram is an accurate
REPRESENTATIO representation of the distribution of numerical data. It is
N OF an estimate of the probability distribution of a
AFREQUENCY continuous variable (quantitative variable) and was first
DISTRIBUTION introduced by Karl Pearson.
•Frequency Polygon: Frequency polygons are a graphical
device for understanding the shapes of distributions.
They serve the same purpose as histograms, but are
especially helpful for comparing sets of data. Frequency
polygons are also a good choice for displaying
cumulative frequency distributions.
•Ogives or Cumulative Frequency Graph: Cumulative
histograms, also known as ogives, are graphs that can be
used to determine how many data values lie above or
below a particular value in a data set. The cumulative
frequency is calculated from a frequency table, by adding
each frequency to the total of the frequencies of all data
values before it in the data set.

Frequency Curve A frequency curve is a smooth curve for which the total
area is taken to be unity. It is a limiting form of a
histogram or frequency polygon.
Types of frequency curves namely:

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(a) Bell-shaped curve

(b) U-shaped curve
(c) J-shaped curve
(d) Mixed curve.

The term statistics is ultimately derived from the New

STATISTICS
Latin statisticum collegium ("council of state") and the
Italian word statista ("statesman" or "politician"). ...
Thus, the original principal purpose of Statistik was data
to be used by governmental and (often centralized)
administrative bodies.

Question 1
What percentage of candidates passed the exam from Institute T out of
the total number of candidates enrolled from the same institute?

(a) 50% (b) 62.5%

(c) 75% (d) 80%
Answer: C
Explanation:
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9% 𝑜𝑓 5700 9 ×5700
Required percentage = 〈 × 100〉% = 〈 × 100〉% = 75%.
8% 𝑜𝑓 8550 8% 𝑜𝑓 8550

Question 2
Which institute has the highest percentage of candidates passed to the
candidates enrolled?
(a) Q (b) R
(c) V (d) T
Answer: B
Explanation:
The percentage of candidates passed to candidates enrolled can be
determined for each institute as under:
18% 𝑂𝐹 5700 18 ×5700
(i) P = [( ) × 100]% = [ × 100]% = 54.55%
22% 𝑂𝐹 8550 22×8550

17% 𝑂𝐹 5700
(ii) Q = [( ) × 100]% = 75.56%
15% 𝑂𝐹 8550

13% 𝑂𝐹 5700
(iii) R = [( ) × 100]% = 86.67%
10% 𝑂𝐹 8550

16% 𝑂𝐹 5700
(iv) S = [( ) × 100]% = 62.75%
17% 𝑂𝐹 8550

9% 𝑂𝐹 5700
(v) T = [( ) × 100]% = 75%
8% 𝑂𝐹 8550

15% 𝑂𝐹 5700
(vi) V = [( ) × 100]% = 83.33%
12% 𝑂𝐹 8550

12% 𝑂𝐹 5700
(vii) X = [( ) × 100]% = 50%
16% 𝑂𝐹 8550

Highest of these is 86.67% corresponding to institute R.

Question 3
The number of candidates passed from institutes S and P together
exceeds the number of candidates enrolled from institutes T and R
together by:
(a) 288 (b) 279
(c) 399 (d) 407
Answer: C
Explanation:
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Required difference = [(16% + 18%) of 5700] – [(8% + 10%) of 8550]

= [(34% of 5700) – (18% of 8550)]
= (1938 – 1539)
= 399.
Question 4
What is the percentage of candidates passed to the candidates
enrolled for institutes Q and R together?
(a) 68% (b) 80%
(c) 74% (d) 65%
Answer: b
Explanation:
Candidates passed from institute Q
And R together = [(13% + 17%) of 5700]
= 30% of 5700.
Candidates enrolled from institute Q at = [(15% + 10%) of 8550]
= 25% of 8550.
 Required
30% 𝑜𝑓 5700
Percentage =( × 100) %
25% 𝑜𝑓 8550

30 ×5700
=( × 100)%
25 × 8550

= 80%

Question 5
What is the ratio of candidates passed to the candidates enrolled from
institute P?
(a) 9: 11 (b) 14: 17
(c) 6: 11 (d) 9: 17
Answer: C
Explanation:
18% 𝑜𝑓 5700 18 ×5700 6
Required ratio = ( )=( )=
22% 𝑜𝑓 8550 22 × 8550 11

Directions (for Q. Nos’. 6 – 10):

Two different finance companies declare fixed annual rate of interest on the
amounts invested with them by investors. The rate of interest offered by
these companies may differ from year to year depending on the variation in

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the economy of the country and the banks rate of interest. The annual rate
of interest offered by the two companies P and Q over the years are shown
by the line graph provided below.
Annual rate of Interest offered by two finance companies over the years.

Question 6
A sum of Rs. 4.75 lakhs were invested in Company Q in 1999 for one
year. How much more interest would have been earned if the sum was
invested in company P?
(a) Rs. 19,000 (b) Rs. 14, 250
(c) Rs. 11,750 (d) Rs. 9500
Answer: D
Explanation:
Difference
= Rs. [(10% of 4.75) – (8% of 4.75) lakhs
= Rs. (2% of 4.75) lakhs
= Rs. 0.095 lakhs
= Rs. 9500

Question 7
If two different amounts in the ratio 8:9 are invested in company’s P
and Q respectively in 2002, then the amounts received after one year
as interests from company’s P and Q are respectively in the ratio?
(a) 2:3 (b) 3;4
(c) 6:7 (d) 4:3
Answer: D
Explanation:
Let the amounts invested in 2002 in Companies P and Q be Rs. 8x and Rs. 9x
respectively.
Then, interest received after one year from company P = Rs. (6% of 8x) =
48𝑥
Rs .
100

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And interest received after one year from company Q = Rs. (4% of 9x) = Rs.
36𝑥
100
48𝑥
(100) 4
 Required ratio = 36𝑥 =
(100) 3

Question 8
In 2000, a part of Rs. 30 lakhs was invested in company P and the rest
was invested in company Q for one year. The total interest received
was Rs. 2.43 lakhs. What was the amount invested in company P?
(a) Rs. 9 lakhs (b) Rs. 11 lakhs
(c) Rs. 12 lakhs (d) Rs. 18 lakhs
Answer: D
Explanation:
Let Rs. X lakhs be invested in company P in 2000, the amount invested in
company Q in 2000 = Rs. (30 – x) lakhs.
Total interest received from the two companies after 1 year
= Rs. [(7.5% of x) + {9% of (30 – x)}] lakhs
1.5𝑥
= [𝑅𝑠. 2.7 − ( ) 𝑙𝑎𝑘ℎ𝑠]
100
1.5𝑥
[2.7 − ( )] = 2.43 => x = 18
100

Question 9
An investor invested a sum of Rs. 12 lakhs in company P in 1998. The
total amount received after one year was re-Invested in the same
company for one more year. The total appreciation received by the
investor on his investment was?
(a) Rs. 2, 96,200 (b) Rs. 2, 42,200
(c) Rs. 2, 25, 600 (d) None
Answer: C
Explanation:
Amount received from Company P after one year (i.e., in 199) on investing
Rs. 12 lakhs in it.
= Rs. [12 + (8% of 12)] lakhs
= Rs, 12.96 lakhs
= Rs. 12.96 lakhs
Amount received from company P after one year on investing Rs. 12.96
lakhs in the year 1999
= Rs. [12.96 + {10% of 12.96)] lakhs

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= Rs. 14.256
Appreciation received on investment during the period of two years
= Rs. (14.256 – 12) lakhs
= Rs. 2.256 lakhs
= Rs. 2, 25,600.

Question 10
An investor invested Rs. 5 lakhs in company Q in 1996. After one year,
the entire amount along with the interest was transferred as
investment to Company P in 1997 for one year. What amount will be
received from Company P, by the investor?
(a) Rs. 5,94,550 (b) Rs. 5, 80,425
(c) Rs. 5,77,800 (d) Rs. 5,77,500
Answer: B
Explanation:
Amount received from Company Q after one year on investment of Rs. 5
lakhs in the year 1996
= Rs. [5 + (6.5% of 5)] lakhs
= Rs. 5.325 lakhs.
Amount received from company P after one year on investment of Rs. 5.325
lakhs in the year 1997.
= Rs.[5.325 + (9% of 5.325)] lakhs
= Rs. 5.80425 lakhs
= Rs. 5, 80,425.

Direction (for Q. Nos. 11 – 15):

The following table gives the sales of batteries manufactured by a

company over the years.
Number of Different Types of Batteries Sold by a Company Over the
Years (Numbers in Thousands)

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Question 11
What was the approximate percentage increase in the sales of 55AH
batteries in 1998 compared to that in 1992?
(a) 28% (b) 31%
(c) 33% (d) 34%
Answer: D
Explanation:

(145−108)
Require d percentage = [ × 100]%
108
= 34.26%
= 34%

Question 12
The total sales of all seven years in the maximum for the maximum for
which battery?
(a) 4AH (b) 7AH
(c) 32AH (d) 35AH
Answer: D
Explanation:
The total sales (in thousands) of all the seven years for various batteries
are:
For 4AH = 75 + 90 + 96 + 105 + 90 + 105 + 115 = 676
For 7AH = 144 + 126 + 114 + 90 +75 +60 + 85 = 694
For 32AH = 114 + 102 + 75 + 150 + 135 + 165 + 160 = 901
For 35AH = 102 + 84 + 105 + 90 + 75 + 45 + 100 = 601
For 55AH =108 + 126 + 135 + 75 + 90 + 120 + 145 = 799.
Clearly sales are maximum in case of 32AH batteries.

Question 13

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What is the difference in the number of 35AH batteries sold in 1993

and 1997?
(a) 24000 (b) 28000
(c) 35000 (d) 39000
Answer: D
Explanation:
Required difference = [(84 – 45) × 1000] = 39000.

Question 14
The percentage of 4AH batteries sold to the total number of batteries
sold was maximum in the years?
(a) 1994 (b) 1995
(c) 1996 (d) 1997
Answer: D
Explanation:
The percentage of sales of 4AH batteries to the total sales in different years
are;
75
for 1992 = ( × 100 )% = 13.81%
543
90
for 1993 = ( × 100) % = 17.05%
528
96
for 1994 = ( × 100) % = 18.29%
525
105
for 1995 = ( × 100) % = 20.59%
510
96
for 1996 = ( × 100) % = 19.35%
465
105
for 1997 = ( × 100) % = 21.21%
495
105
for 1998 = ( × 100) % = 19.01%
605
Clearly the percentage in maximum in 1997

Question 15
In case of which battery there was a continuous decrease in sales from
1992 to 1997?
(a) 4AH (b) 7AH
(c) 32AH (d) 35AH
Answer: B
Explanation:
From the table it is clear that the sales of 7AH batteries have been
decreasing continuously from 1992 to 1997.

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Direction (for Q. Nos. 16-20):

The bar graph given below shows the percentage distribution of the
total production of a car manufacturing company into various models
over two years.
Percentage of Six different types of Cars manufactured by a Company
over Two Years

Question 16
What was the difference in the number of Q type cars product in 2000
and that produce in 2001?
(a) 35,500 (b) 27,000
(c) 22,500 (d) 17,500
Answer: A
Explanation:
Total numbers of Q type cars produced in 2001
= (60 – 40) % of 4, 40,000 = 88,000.
Total numbers of Q type cars produced in 2000
= (45 – 30) % of 3, 50,000 = 52,500.
 Required difference = (88000 – 52500) = 35,500.

Question 17
Total number of cars of models P, Q and T manufactured in 2000 is?
(a) 2,45,000 (b) 2,27,500
(c) 2,10,000 (d) 1,92,500
Answer: C
Explanation:
Analysis of the graph:
We shall first determine the number of cars of each model produced by the
company during the two years:

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In 2000: Total number of cars produced = 3, 50, 000

P = (30 – 0) % OF 3, 50,000 = 30% OF 3, 50,000 = 1, 05,000.
Q= (45 – 30) % OF 3, 50, 000 = 15% OF 3, 50,000 = 52,500.
R = (65 – 45) % OF 3, 50,000 = 20% OF 3, 50,000 = 70,000
S = (75 – 65) % OF 3, 50,000 = 10% OF 3, 50,000 = 35,000
T = (90 – 75) % OF 3, 50,000 = 15% OF 3, 50,000 = 52,500
U = (100 -90) % OF 3, 50,000 = 10% OF 3, 50,000 = 35,000

In 2001: Total number of cars produced = 4, 40,000.

P = (40 – 0) % OF 4, 40,000 = 40% OF 4, 40,000 = 1, 76,000.

Q = (60 - 40) %OF 4, 40,000 = 20% OF 4, 40,000 = 88, 000
R = (75 – 60) % OF 4, 40,000 = 15% OF 4, 40,000 = 66, 000
S = (85 – 75) % OF 4, 40,000 = 10% OF 4, 40,000 = 44, 000
T = (75 + 60) % OF 4, 40,000 = 10% OF 4, 40,000 = 44, 000.
U = (100 – 95) % OF 4, 40,000 = 5% OF 4, 40,000 = 22, 000
Total number of cars of models P, Q, and T manufacturing in 2000
= (105000 + 52500 + 52500)
= 2, 10,000.

Question 18
If the percentage production of P type cars in 2001 was the same as
that in 2000, then the number of P type cars produced in 2001 would
have been?
(a) 1,40,000 (b) 1,32,000
(c) 1,17,000 (d) 1,05,000
Answer: B
Explanation:
If the percentage production of P type in cars in 2001
= Percentage production of P type cars inn 2000
= 30%
Then, number of P type cars produced in 2001
= 30% of 4, 40,000
= 1, 32,000.

Question 19
If 85% of the cars produced in each year were sold by the company,
how many S type cars remain unsold?
(a) 7650 (b) 9350

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(c) 11,850 (d) 12,250

Answer: C
Explanation:
Number of S type cars which remained unsold in 2000 = 15% of 35,000
And number of S type cars which remained unsold in 2001 = 15% of 44, 00.
 Total number of S type cars which remained unsold
= 15% of (35,000 + 44,000)
= 15% of 79,000
= 11,850

Question 20
For which model the percentage rise/fall in production from 2000 to
2001 was minimum?
(a) Q (b) R
(c) S (d) T
Answer: B
Explanation:
The percentage change (rise/fall) in production from 2000 to 2001 for
various models is:
(176000−105000)
For P = [ × 100]% = 67.62% rise.
105000

(88000−52500)
For Q = [ × 100]% = 67.62% rise.
52500

(70000−66000)
For R = [ × 100]% = 5.71% fail.
70000

(44000−35000)
For S = [ × 100]% = 25.71% rise.
35000

(52500−44000)
For T= [ × 100]% = 16.19% fail.
52500
(35000−22000)
For U = [ × 100]% = 37.14% fail.
35000
 Minimum percentage ride/fail is production is the cash of model R.

Direction (for Q. Nos. 21 – 24):

Study the following graph and tables and answer the questions given
below.

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Distribution of candidates who were enrolled for MBA entrance exam

and the candidates (out of those enrolled) who passed the exam in
different institutes:

Question 21
What will be the percentage of total number of males in U.P., M.P. and
Goa together to the total population of all the given states?
(a) 25% (b) 27.5%
(c) 38.5% (d) 31.5%
Answer: C
Explanation:
3 3 15 N
Number of males in U.P = [ of (15% OF N)] = × ×N=9 ×
5 5 100 100
Where N = 3276000.
3 3 20 N
Number of males in M.P. = [ of (20% OF N)] = × × N = 15 ×
4 4 100 100

3 3 12 N
Number of males in Goa = [ of (12% OF N] = × × N = 4.5 ×
8 8 100 100

N
 Total numbers of males in these three states = (9 + 15 + 4.5) ×
100
N
= (28.5 × ).
100
N
(28.5 × 100)
 Required Percentage = [ × 100]% = 28.5%
N

Question 22
What was the total number of illiterate people in A.P. and M.P. in
1998?
(a) 876040 (b) 932170
(c) 981550 (d) 1161160

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Answer: D
Explanation:
7
No. of illiterate people in A.P. = [ 𝑜𝑓 (25% 𝑜𝑓 3276000)] = 637000.
9
4
No. of illiterate people in M.P. = [ 𝑜𝑓 (20% 𝑜𝑓 3276000)] = 524160.
5
 Total number = (637000 + 524160) = 1161160.

Question 23
What was the number of males in U.P. in the year 1998?
(a) 254650 (b) 294840
(c) 321470 (d) 341200
Answer: B
Explanation:
3
Number of males in U.P. = [ 𝑜𝑓 (15% 𝑜𝑓 3276000)]
5

3 15
= × × 3726000
5 100

= 294840

Question 24
If in the year 1998, there was an increase of 10% in the population of
U.P. and 12% in the population of M.P. compared to the previous year,
then what was the ratio of populations of U.P. and M.P. in 1997?
(a) 42:55 (b) 48: 55
(c) 7:11 (d) 4: 5
Answer: A
Explanation:
Let x be the population of U.P. in 1997. Then,
110
Population of U.P. in 1998 = 110% of x = × 𝑥.
100
Also, Let y be the population of M.P. in 1997. Then,
112
Population of M.P. in 1998 = 112% of y = × 𝑦.
100
110
×𝑥 110𝑥
Ratio of population of U.P. and M.P. IN 1998 = ( 100
112 )=
×𝑦 112𝑦
100
15
From the pie-chart, this ratio is
20
110𝑥 15 𝑥 15 112 42
= ➔ = × =
112𝑦 20 𝑦 20 110 55
Thus, ratio of populations of U.P. and M.P. in 1997 = x : y = 42 : 55

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Direction (for Q. Nos. 25 – 29):

A cosmetic company provides five different products. The sale of these

five products (in lakh number of packs) during 1995 and 2000 are
shown in the following bar graph
Sales (in lakh number of packs) of five different products of cosmetic
company during 1995 and 2000

Question 25
enamels in 2000? (Rounded off to nearest integer)
(a) 33% (b) 31%
(c) 28% (d) 22%
Answer: C
Explanation:
(48.17−37.76)
Required percentage = [ × 100 %]
37.76
= 27.57%
= 28%

Question 26
During the period 1995-2000, the minimum rate of increase in sales is
in the case of?
(a) Shampoos (b) Nail enamels
(c) Talcum powders (d) Lipstick
Answer: A
Explanation:
The percentage increase from 1995 to 2000 for various products is
(48.17−20.15)
Lipsticks = [ × 100]% = 139.06%
20.15

(37.76−5.93)
Nail enamels = [ × 100]% = 536.76%
5.93

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(29.14−14.97)
Talcum powder = [ × 100]% = 94.66%
14.97

(12.21−7.88)
Shampoos = [ × 100]% = 54.95% = 55%
7.88

(10.19−5.01)
Conditions = [ × 100]% = 103.39%.
5.01
 The minimum rate of increase in sales from 1995 to 2000 is in the case of
shampoos.

Question 27
What is the approximate ratio of the sales of nail enamels in 2000 to
the sales of Talcum powder in 1995?
(a) 7:2 (b) 5:2
(c) 4:3 (d) 2:1
Answer: B
Explanation:
37.76 5
Required ratio = = 2.5 =
14.97 2

Question 28
The sales have increased by nearly 55% from 1995 to 2000 in the case
of?
(a) Lipstick (b) Nail enamels
(c) Talcum powders (d) Shampoos
Answer: D
Explanation:
The percentage increase from 1995 to 2000 for various products is:
(48.17−20.15)
Lipstick = [ × 100]% = 139.06%
20.15

(37.76−5.93)
Nail enamels = [ × 100]% = 536.76%
5.93

(29.14−14.97)
Talcum powders = [ × 100]% = 94.66%
14.97

(12.21−7.88)
Shampoos = [ × 100]% = 54.95% = 55%
7.88

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(10.19−5.01)
Conditioners = [ × 100]% = 103.39%
5.01

Question 29
The sales of conditioners is 1995 was by what percent less than the
sales of shampoos in 1995? (Rounded off to nearest integer)
(a) 57% (b) 36%
(c) 29% (d) 25%
Answer: B
Explanation:
(7.88−5.01)
Required percentage = [ × 100]%
7.88
= 36.42%
= 36%.

Question 30
Following are the weights in kgs. Of 36BBA students of khalsa college.

70 73 49 61 47 57 50 59
59 68 45 55 68 56 68 55
70 70 57 44 73 64 49 63
65 70 65 62 73 67 60 50
Find range from this series
(a) 6 (b) 5
(c) 7 (d) 9
Answer: A
Explanation:
We have, range = Maximum weight = Minimum weight
= 73 kgs, - 44kgs.
= 29 kgs.
No. of class interval × class lengths = Range
No. of class interval × 5 = 29
29
No. of class interval = = 6.
5
(We always take the next integer as the number of class intervals so as to
include both the minimum and maximum values).

Question 31
Which of the following statements is false?
(a) Statistics is derived from the (b) Statistics is derived from the
Latin word ‘status’ Italian word ‘Statista’
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(c) Statistics is derived from the (d) None of these

French word ‘Statistic’
Answer: C
Explanation:
The term statistics is ultimately derived from the new Latin statisticum
collegiums (‘’ council of state’’) and the Italian word Statista (‘’statesman’’ or
‘’politician’’) …. Thus, the original principal purpose of statistic was data to
be used by governmental and (often centralized) administrative bodies

Question 32
The given histogram shows a frequency distribution of marks
obtained by 56 students in a subject. Number of students securing
marks between 70 and 100 is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8

Answer: C
Explanation:
We know, Frequency
Density = Class size of the interval Frequency of the class.
From the histogram, the frequency density of the interval 70-100 is 0.2.
∴ 0.2 = 100 – 70 Frequency in the class
⇒ 0.2 = 30 Frequency in the class
⇒ Frequency in the class = 0.2 × 30 =6

Question 33
The numbers of times a particular observation occurs in a given data
is called its ______. Fill in the blanks to make statements true.
(a) Range (b) Interval
(c) Raw data (d) Frequency
Answer: D
Explanation:

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Frequency of a value (observations) is defined by the number of time s the

value occurs is a given data set.
For example: 3, 3, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7
In the above data set –
3 occur 2 times, then 2 is the frequency of 3
5 occurs 3 times, then 3 is the frequency of 5
6 occurs 1 time, then 1 is the frequency of 6
7 occurs 4 times, then 4 is the frequency of 7
Therefore, the number of times a particular observation occurs is a given
data set is called its frequency.

Question 34
Which of the following is calculated using mid-values of classes?
(a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Mode (d) Range
Answer: A
Explanation:
Mean is calculated using the mid-values of classes.

Question 35
The mean of 10 numbers is 7. If each number is multiplied by 12, find
the mean of new set of numbers.
(a) 82 (b) 48
(c) 78 (d) 84
Answer: D
Explanation:
Total of 10 numbers = 10×7 = 70
If each number is multiplied by 12
New total = 70×12
70×12
 New mean = = 84
10

Question 36
The mean of 9, 11, 13, p, 18 and 19 is p. Find the value of ‘p’.
(a) 12 (b) 13
(c) 14 (d) 15
Answer: C
Explanation:
The given numbers are 9, 11, 13, p, 18, 19
⇒ Number of observations = 6
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⇒ Mean = p
9+11+13+𝑝+18+19
∴p=
6
70+𝑝
∴p=
6
∴ 6p = 70 +p
∴ 5p = 70
∴ p = 14

Question 37
𝟓𝒏
What is the value of ‘n’ If the mean of first 9 natural numbers is ?
𝟗
(a) 7 (b) 8
(c) 9 (d) 11
Answer: C
Explanation:
1+2+⋯+9
Mean of first 9 natural numbers =
9
45
=5
9
5𝑛
Given mean of first 9 natural numbers is
9
5𝑛
=5
9
9×5
n= =9
5

Question 38
In the set above, which is larger: the median the mean, or the mode?
(a) Mean (b) Median
(c) All are equal (d) Mode
Answer: A
Explanation:
Begin by ordering the set from smallest to largest:
6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Already, we see that the mode is 8. Find the median by taking the average of
the two middle numbers.
8 + 92 = 8.5
Find the mean by adding all numbers and dividing by the total numbers of
terms;
6 + 7 + 8 + 8 + 9 + 10 +11 + 128 = 8.875 of the three, the mean of the set is
the largest.

Question 39
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Column A.
The mean of the sample of numbers 2, 5, and 10.
Column B
The mean of the sample of numbers 1, 5, and 15.
(a) The quantity in column B is (b) The quantity in Column A is
greater greater.
(c) The two quantities are equal. (d) The relationship cannot be
determined from the
information given.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The arithmetic mean is the average of the sum of a set of numbers divided
by the total number of numbers in the set. This is not to be confused with
median or mode.
In Column A, the mean of 5.66 is obtained when the sum (17) is divided by
the number of values in the set (3).
In column B, the mean of 7 is obtained when 21 is divided by 3. Because 7 is
greater than 5.66, column B is greater. The answer is column B.

Question 40
The median of a given frequency distribution is found graphically with
the help of __.
(a) Histogram (b) Frequency curve
(c) Frequency polygon (d) Ogive
Answer: D
Explanation:
Ogive or cumulative frequency curve is used to find the median.

Question 41
’More than’ ogive is ___.
(a) an ascending curve (b) a descending curve
(c) first ascending curve and then (d) First descending curve and
descending curve them I ascending curve
Answer: B
Explanation:
‘More than’ ogive is a descending curve.

Question 42

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IN A VILLAGE OF 200 FARMS, A STUDY CONDUCTED FIND THE

CROPPING PATTERN. Out of the 50 farms surveyed 50% grew only
wheat. Identify the population and the sample here.
(a) The sample population is 200 (b) The sample population is 5
farms farms
(c) The sample population is 10 (d) The sample population is 50
farms. farms
Answer: D
Explanation:
Population or the universe is statistics means totality of the items under
study. So, the population here is 200 farms. Sample refers to a group or
selection of the population from which information is to be obtained. Out of
200 farms, only 50 farms are selected fro survey. Therefore, the sample
population is 50 farms.

Past Examination Questions

MAY -2018
Question 1
Frequency density is used in the construction of
(a) Histogram (b) Ogive
(c) Frequency polygon (d) None when the classes are of
unequal width
Answer: A
Explanation:
Frequency density is used in the construction of histogram

Question 2
Divided bar chart is considered for
(a) Comparing different (b) The relation of different
components of a variable components to the table
(c) None (d) (a) and (b)
Answer: D
Explanation:
Divided bar chart is considered for comparing different components of a variable
and the relation of different components to the table

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NOV - 2018
Question 1
The following frequency distribution
X 12 17 24 36 45
F 2 5 3 8 9
Is classified as:
(a) Continuous distribution (b) Discrete distribution
(c) Cumulative frequency (d) None of the above
distribution
Answer: c
Explanation:
X 12 17 24 36 15
F 2 5 3 8 9
Is classified as discrete distribution.

Question 2
Histogram is useful to determine graphically the value of
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Median
(c) Mode (d) None of the above
Answer: c
Explanation:
Histogram is useful to determine graphically the value of ‘’mode’’

Question 3
Data are said to be ____if the investigator himself is responsible for the
collection of the data.
(a) Primary data (b) Secondary data
(c) Mixed of primary and (d) None of the above
Secondary data
Answer: A
Data are said to be primary data if the investigator him responsible for the
collection of the data.

Question 4
A suitable graph for representing the portioning of total info sub in
statistics is statics is:
(a) A pie chart (b) A pictograph
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(c) An ogive (d) Histogram

Answer: A
Explanation:
A suitable graph for representing the portioning of total into parts in statistics is
A pie chart.

Question 5
The number of times a particular item occurs in a class its
(a) Mean (b) Frequency
(c) Cumulative frequency (d) None
Answer: B
Explanation:
The number of times particular items occur in a class interval is called its
frequency.

Question 6
An ogive is a graphical representation of
(a) Cumulative frequency (b) A frequency distribution
distribution
(c) Ungrouped data (d) None of the above
Answer: A
Explanation:
An ‘O’ give is a graphical representation of cumulative frequency distribution.

Question7
class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Frequency 4 6 20 8 3
For the class 20-30. Cumulative frequency is:
(a) 10 (b) 26
(C) 30 (d) 41
Answer: C
Explanation:
C.I F C.F
0-10 4 4
10-20 6 10
20-30 20 30
30-40 8 38
40-50 3
Cumulative frequency of class Interval ’20-30’ is 30
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MAY - 2019
Question 1
____________ Series is continuous.
(a) Open ended (b) Exclusive
(c) Close ended (d) Unequal call intervals
Answer: B
Explanation:
Continuous series means where frequencies are given along with value of the
variable in the form of class intervals. For example, here: …20 is the lower and 30
the upper limit 20-30 class interval.

Question 2
Which of the following graph is suitable for cumulative frequency
distribution?
(a) Ogives (b) Histogram
(c) G.M (d) A.M
Answer: A
Explanation:
An ogive is type of frequency polygon that shows cumulative frequencies. In
other words, the cumulative percent are added on the graph from the left to
right.

Question 3
Histogram is used for finding
(a) Mode (b) Mean
(c) Median (d) None
Answer: A
Explanation:
A histogram is used for continuous data, where the bins represent ranges of data,
while a bar chart is plot of categorical variables.

Question 4
Ogive graph is used for finding
(a) Mean (b) Mode
(c) Median (d) None
Answer: C
Explanation:
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Determined the median graphically from the data given below. Cumulative
frequency curve is also known as OGIVE. The point on the x – axis, at which the
perpendicular drawn from the intersection of two ogives meet. Determines are
median.

Question 5
Histogram can be shown as
(a) Ellipse (b) Rectangle
(c) Hyperbola (d) Circle
Answer: B
Explanation:
A histogram is a diagram consisting of rectangles whose area is proportional to
the frequency of a variable and whose width is equal to the class interval… these
graphs shown on a histogram.

NOV- 2019
Question 1
The graphical representation of cumulative frequency distribution is
called.
(a) Histogram (b) Hysterogram
(c) Ogive (d) None
Answer: C
Explanation:
A curve that represents the cumulative frequency distribution of a grouped data
on a graph is called ogive.
Cumulative frequency on y-axis
Class interval on x-axis.

DEC - 2020
Question 1
The average of salaries in a factory is Rs.47, 000. The statement that the
average salary Rs.47, 000 is ____
(a) Descriptive statics (b) Inferential
(c) Detailed (d) Undetailed
Answer: A
Explanation:

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Descriptive statistics are brief descriptive coefficients that summarize a given

data set, which can be either a representation of the entire or a sample of a
population. Descriptive statistics are broken down into measures of central
tendency and measures of variability (spread).

Question 2
Statistics cannot deal with ______ data.
(a) Quantitative (b) Qualitative
(c) Textual (d) Attribute
Answer: C
Explanation:
Textual data refer to systematically collected material consisting of written,
printed, or electronically published words, typically either purposefully written
or transcribed from speech. Text collected for use as data typically reflects a
conscious research purpose, motivated by a ... Entry. Data, Spatial.

Question 3
Sweetness of a sweet dish is ______
(a) Attribute (b) Discrete Variable
(c) Continuous Variable (d) Variable
Answer: A
Explanation:
An attribute refers to the quality of a characteristic. The theory of attributes deals
with qualitative types of characteristics that are calculated by using quantitative
measurements. Therefore, the attribute needs slightly different kinds of
statistical treatments, which the variables do not get. Attributes refer to the
characteristics of the item under study, like the habit of smoking, or drinking. So
‘smoking’ and ‘drinking’ both refer to the example of an attribute.

Question 4
Census reports are used as a source of ______ data.
(a) Secondary (b) Primary
(c) Organize (d) Confidential
Answer: A
Explanation:
Secondary data is the data that has already been collected through primary
sources and made readily available for researchers to use for their own research.
It is a type of data that has already been collected in the past.

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Question 5
Types of cumulative frequencies are ______
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Answer: B
Explanation:
There are two types of Cumulative Frequency Curves (or Ogives) :
More than type Cumulative Frequency Curve.
Less than type Cumulative Frequency Curve

Question 6
You are an Auditor of a firm and the firm earns a profit Rs.67, 000/- you
stated to them that the annual profit is Rs. 67,000. This is _____ type of
statistics.
(a) Descriptive (b) Detailed
(c) Non detailed (d) Inferential
Answer: A
Explanation:
Descriptive - What are the 3 main types of descriptive statistics? The 3 main
types of descriptive statistics concern the frequency distribution, central
tendency, and variability of a dataset. Distribution refers to the frequencies of
different responses. Measures of central tendency give you the average for each
response.

Question 7
They ______ are used usually when we want to examine the relationship
between two variables.
(a) Bar Graph (b) Pie Chart
(c) Line Chart (d) Scatter Plot
Answer: D
Explanation:
Scatter Plot a graph in which the values of two variables are plotted along two
axes, the pattern of the resulting points revealing any correlation present.

JAN - 2021
Question 1
A bar chart is drawn for

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(a) Continuous data (b) Nominal data

(c) Time series data (d) Comparing different
components
Answer: D
Explanation:
A bar diagram makes it easy to compare sets of data between different groups at
a glance. The graph represents categories on one axis and a discrete value in the
other. The goal is to show the relationship between the two axes. Bar charts can
also show big changes in data over time.

Question 2
A tabular presentation can be used for
(a) Continuous data (b) Nominal data
(c) Time Series data (d) Comparing different
components
Answer: B
Explanation:
Data Tables or Tabular Presentation. A table facilitates representation of even
large amounts of data in an attractive, easy to read and organized manner. The
data is organized in rows and columns. This is one of the most widely used forms
of presentation of data since data tables are easy to construct and read.

Question 3
A variable with qualitative characteristics is known as
(a) Quality variable (b) an attribute
(c) A discrete variable (d) A continuous variable
Answer: B
Explanation:
A qualitative variable, also called a categorical variable, is a variable that isn't
numerical. It describes data that fits into categories. For example: Eye colors
(variables include: blue, green, brown, hazel).

Question 4
The accuracy and consistency of data can be verified by
(a) Scrutiny (b) Internal checking
(c) External Checking (d) Double Checking
Answer: A
Explanation:
The accuracy and consistency of data can be verified by. Internal checking.

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External checking. Scrutiny.

Question 5
From a histogram one cannot compute the approximate value of
(a) Mode (b) Standard deviation
(c) Median (d) Mean
Answer: B
Explanation:
A standard deviation is a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset
relative to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance. ... If the
data points are further from the mean, there is a higher deviation within the data
set; thus, the more spread out the data, the higher the standard deviation. Hence
From a histogram one cannot compute the approximate value of Standard
deviation

Question 6
The left part of a table providing the description of rows is called
(a) Caption (b) Box – head
(c) Stub (d) Body
Answer: C
Explanation:
Stub is the left part of the table providing the description of the rows. Body: The
body is the main part of the table that contains the numerical figures.

Question 7
Mode can be obtained from ________________
(a) Frequency polygon (b) Histogram
(c) Ogive (d) All of the above
Answer: B
Explanation:
The mode of a frequency distribution can be determined graphically from
HISTOGRAM . HISTOGRAM: Histogram is the graphical representation of a
grouped frequency distribution in exclusive form with continuous classes in the
form of rectangles with class intervals as bases and the corresponding
frequencies as heights

Question 8
Most of the commonly used distributions provide a
(a) Bell-shaped (b) U – shaped

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(c) J – shaped curve (d) Mixed curve

Answer: A
Explanation:
Normal distribution, also called Gaussian distribution, the most common
distribution function for independent, randomly generated variables. Its familiar
bell-shaped curve is ubiquitous in statistical reports, from survey analysis and
quality control to resource allocation.

Question 9
Which of the following is suitable for the graphical representation of a
cumulative frequency distribution?
(a) Frequency polygon (b) Histogram
(c) Ogive (d) Pie chart
Answer: C
Explanation:
A curve that represents the cumulative frequency distribution of grouped data is
called an ogive or cumulative frequency curve.

Question 10
Sweetness of sweet dish is
(a) An Attribute (b) A discrete variable
(c) A continuous variable (d) A variable
Answer: A
Explanation:
An attribute is defined as a quality or characteristic of a person, place, or thing.
Real life individuals and fictional characters possess various attributes. For
example, someone might be labeled beautiful, charming, funny, or intelligent,
Sweetness of sweet dish

July - 2021
Question 1
There were 200 employees is an office in which 150were married. Total
male employees were 160 out of which 120 were married. What was the
number of female unmarried employees?
(a) 30 (b) 40
(c) 50 (d) 10
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation
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Total Female Employee = 200-160

= 40
Total Female Married = 150-120
= 30
Total Female Unmarried = 40-30
= 10
Ans: Female Unmarried Employees = 10

Question2
Data collected on religion from the census reports are
(a) Primary data (b) Unclassified data
(c) Sample data (d) Secondary data
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation
Data collected on religion from census reports are secondary data. Secondary
data is the second-hand information as it is not collected by the user. Thus,
secondary data refers to the data which is already collected and published by
other authorities. For example, government census report is a secondary data.

Question 3
Which of the following diagram the most appropriate is to represents
various heads in total cost?
(a) Pie chart (b) Bar graph
(c) Multiple line chart (d) Scatter plot
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation
Different diagram patterns represent different kinds of data.
However, here we are concerned about the monthly expenditure of different
items bought by a family and a pie diagram would do proper justice to it.
A pie diagram is circular as its name suggests and it is divided into various
sections which differ on the data which is being dealt with.
The length of the arc in each section usually refers to the quantity.
It is usually used to show data that can be represented in a percentage format.

Question 4
In a graphical representation of data, the largest numerical value is for is
the smallest numerical value is 25. If classes desired are 4 then which
interval is
(a) 45 (b) 5

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(c) 20 (d) 7.5

Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
In a graphical representation of data, the largest numerical value is for is the
smallest numerical value is 25. If classes desired are 4 then which interval is 5

Question 5
In a graphical representation of data, ideographs are also called as
(a) Picto-graphs (b) Asymmetry graphs
(c) Symmetry graphs (d) Pictograms
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation:
A pictogram, also called a pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto, and in
computer usage an icon, is a graphic symbol that conveys its meaning through its
pictorial resemblance to a physical object.

Question 6
_______ Means separating items according to similar characteristics groping
then into various classes
(a) Classification (b) Editing
(c) Separation (d) Tabulation
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation:
Classification means separating items according to similar characteristics and
grouping them into various classes.

Question 7
Frequency density of a class interval is the ratio of_
(a) Class frequency to the total (b) Class length to class frequency
frequency
(c) Class frequency to the cumulative (d) Frequency of that class interval to
frequency the corresponding class length
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation:
Frequency density of a class interval may be defined as the ratio of the frequency
of that class interval to the corresponding class length. To have better
understanding on frequency density of a class interval, let us consider the
frequency distribution given below. That is, 0.60 and 0.80 respectively

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Question 8
A graph that uses vertical bars to represent data is called a
(a) Line graph (b) Scatter plot
(c) Vertical graphs (d) Bar graphs
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation:
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with
rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they
represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. A vertical bar chart
is sometimes called a column chart.

Question 9
In normal distribution, Mean, Median and Mode are
(a) Zero (b) Not equal
(c) Equal (d) Null
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
The mean, median, and mode of a normal distribution are equal. The area under
the normal curve is equal to 1.0. Normal distributions are denser in the centre
and less dense in the tails.

Question 10
In a graphical representation of data the largest numerical value is 4 the
smallest numerical value is 25 if classes desired are 4 then which class
interval is:-
(a) 45 (b) 5
(c ) 20 (d) 7.5
Answer: Option (b)
Explanation:

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CHAPTER - 14
MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY AND DISPERSION

Definition of Ideal Measures

Different Measuresof
Central Tendency
Central Tendency ofCentral Tendency

Arithmetic Median Mode Geometric Harmonic

Mean Mean Mean

Properties Weighted Properties Properties Weighted

of AM AM of Mode of GM GM

Properties
of Median

Properties WEIGHTED
of HM OF HM
Partition
Values

Deciles Quartile Percentile

s s

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UNIT I: MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Tendency of a given set of observations to cluster around a single
CENTRAL central or middle value and the single value that represents the
TENDENCY given set of observations is described as a measure of central
tendency or, location, or average.

The AM may be defined as the sum of all the observations divided

by the number of observations. Thus, if a variable x assumes n
values x1,x2,x3,………..xn, then the AM of x, to be denoted by X , is
given by:

ARITHMETIC
MEAN

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MEDIAN –
PARTITION
VALUES

Types of
median

Mode

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GEOMETRIC
MEAN &
HARMONIC
MEAN&
WEIGHTED MEAN

Relationship Mean – Mode = 3(Mean– Median)

Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
between Mean,
Median and

Relation between AM >GM >HM

AM, GM, and HM

Question 1
Relationship between Mean, Median and Mode
(a) Mean – Mode = 3(Mean – (b) Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
Median)
(c) Both (a & b) (d) None of these
Answer: C
Explanation:
If a frequency distribution is positively skewed, the mean is greater than
median and median is greater than mode.

Question 2
If median – 20 and mean-22.5 in a moderately skewed distribution
then compute approximate value of mode
(a) 15 (b) 20
(c) 25 (d) 30
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Answer: A
Explanation:
Mean – Mode = 3(Mean – Median)
22.5 – Mode = 3(22.5 – 20)
22.5 – Mode = 7.5
Mode = 22.5 – 7.5
Mode = 15

Question 3
A numerical value used as a summary measure for a sample, such as
sample mean, is known as a
(a) Population parameter (b) Sample parameter
(c) Sample statistic (d) population mean
Answer: C
Explanations:
If it pertains to sample it is called a statistic, if it pertains to population, it is
called a parameter.

Question 4
Since the population size is always larger than the sample size, then
the sample statistic
(a) Can never be equal to the (b) Can never be zero
population parameter
(c) Can never be smaller than the (d) None of the above answers is
population parameter correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
Sample statistic will depend upon the sample chosen. It can be less than,
greater than, equal to population parameter. It can assume the value of zero.

Question5
Mu is an example of a
(a) Population parameter (b) Sample statistic
(c) Population variance. (d) Mode
Answer: A
Explanation:
M is a standard representation for population parameter.

Question 6
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The mean of a sample is

(a) Always equal to the mean of the (b) Always smaller than the mean
population of the population
(c) Computed by summing the data (d) Computed by summing all the
values and dividing the sum by data values and dividing the
(n – 1) sum by the number of items
Answer: D
Explanation:
Mean = Total of sample values/ sample size

Question 7
The sum of the percent frequencies for all classes will always equal
(a) One (b) The number of classes
(c) The number of items in the (d) 100
study
Answer: D
Explanation:
𝑛
If we count the total frequency, it is equal to the sample size n. × 100 =
𝑛
100

Question8
In a five number summary, which of the following is not used for data
summarization?
(a) The smallest value (b) The largest value
(c) The median (d) The 25th percentile
Answer: D
Explanation:
The 25th percentile

Question 9
Since the mode is the most frequently occurring data value, it
(a) Can never be larger than the (b) Is always larger than the
mean median
(c) Is always larger than the mean (d) None of the above answers is
correct.
Answer: D
Explanation:

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The mean, median and mode values will be distributed according to the
skewness of the distribution. Accordingly, mode can be greater than or less
than mean or mode.

Question 10
The following table gives the distribution of 100 accidents during
seven days of the week of a given month. During a particular month
there were 5 Fridays and Saturdays and four each of other days.
Calculate the average number of accidents per day.
Days Sun Mon Tue Wed Thru Fri Sat. Total
Number of 20 22 10 9 11 8 20 100
accidents

(a) 14 (b) 12
(c) 17 (d) 19
Answer: A
Explanation:

Calculation of number of Accidents per day

Day No. of No. of days in Total

Accidents Month fx
(x) (f)
Sunday 20 4 80
Monday 22 4 88
Tuesday 10 4 40
Wednesday 9 4 36
Thursday 11 4 44
Friday 8 5 40
Saturday 20 5 100
Total 100 N =30 fx = 428
∑ fx 428
= = 14.27
N 30
14 accidents per day

Question 11
Following are the daily wages in Rupees of a sample of 9 workers: 58,
62, 48, 53, 70, 52, 60, 84, 75. Compute the mean wage.

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(a) 62.44 (b) 62.04

(c) 60.44 (d) 31.22
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let x denote the daily wage in rupees.
Then as given x1 = 58, x2 = 62, x3 = 48, x4 = 53, x5 = 70, x6 = 52,
X7 = 60, x8 = 84 and x9 = 75. Applying (15.1.1) the mean wage is
Given by,
 xi
=
𝑛
58 + 62 + 48 + 53 + 70 + 52 + 60 + 84 + 75
9
562
= 62.44
9

Question 12
Find the AM for the following distribution:
class 350- 370- 390- 410- 430- 450- 470-
interval 369 389 409 429 449 469 489
Frequency 23 38 58 82 65 31 11

(a) 416 (b) 416.17

(c) 416.71 (d) 41.71
Answer: C
Explanation:
Computation of AM
Class Frequency(f) Mid- d= xi-A fx
Interval Value(x) xi = -
419.50
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) = (2) ×
(4)
350 – 369 23 359.50 -3 -69
370 – 389 38 379.50 -2 -76
390 – 409 58 399.50 -1 -58
410 – 429 82 419.50 0 0
430 – 449 65 439.50 1 65
450 - 469 31 459.50 2 62
470 - 489 11 479.50 3 33
Total 308 - - -43

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The required AM is given by

𝑓𝑖𝑑𝑖
X=A + ×𝐶
𝑁
(−43)
= 419.50+ × 20
308
= 419.50 – 2.79
= 416.71

Question 13
The mean salary for a group of 40 female workers is Rs. 5200 per
month and that for a group of 60 male workers is Rs. 6800 per month.
What is the combined mean salary?
(a) 6160 (b) 616
(c) 6.16 (d) 61.6
Answer: A
Explanation:
As given n1 = 40, n2 = 60, x1 = Rs. 5200 and
X2 = Rs.6800
Hence, the combined mean salary per month is
𝑛 𝑥 +𝑛 𝑥
X= 1 1 2 2
𝑛1 + 𝑛2
40 × Rs. 5200 + 60 × Rs. 6800
40 + 60
= 6160

Question 14
The sum of the deviation of a given set of individual observations from
the arithmetic mean is always infinite. The statement is True or not?
(a) Correct (b) Incorrect
(c) Error (d) None
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to Mathematical properties of the Arithmetic Mean: The sum of
the deviation of a given set of individual observations from the arithmetic
mean is always zero. Symbolically = 0. It is due to this property that
property the arithmetic mean is characterized as the center as the center
gravity i.e., the sum of positive deviations from the mean is equal to the sum
of negative deviations.
Question 15

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The mean age of a combined group of men and women is 30 years. If

the mean age of the group of men is 32 and that of women group is 27.
Find out the percentage of men and women in the group.
(a) 30%, 70% (b) 20%, 80%
(c) 60%, 40% (d) 40%, 60%
Answer: C
Explanation:
Let us take group of men as first group and women as second group.
Therefore = 32 years, = 27 years, and = 30 years. In the problem, we are not
given the number of men and women. We can assume
N1 + N2 = 100 and therefore. N1 = 100 – N2
Apply =
30 = (Substitute N1 = 100 – N2)
30 × 100 = 32(100 – N2) + 27N2 or 5N2 = 200
200
N2 = =40%
5
N1 = (100 – N2) = (100 – 40) = 60%
Therefore, the percentage of men in the group is 60 and that of women is
40.

Question 16
Median and mode of the wage distribution are known to be Rs. 33.5
and 34 respectively. Find the third missing values.
Wages (Rs.) No. of Workers
0-10 4
10—20 16
20-30 ?
30-40 ?
40-50 ?
50-60 6
60-70 4
Total 230

(a) 6 (b) 10
(c) 9 (d) 40
Answer: D
Explanation:
We assume the missing frequencies as 20 – 30 as x, 30 – 40 as y, and 40 – 50
as 230 – (4 + 16 + x + y + 6 +4) = 200 – x – y.
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We now proceed further to compute missing frequencies:

Wages (Rs.) No. of workers Cumulative
x f frequencies
cf
0-10 4 4
10-20 16 20
20-30 x 20 + x
30-40 y 20 + x + y
40-50 200-x-y 220
50-60 6 226
60-70 4 230
N = 230
Apply median =
33.5 =
Y(33.5 – 30) = (115-20-x) 10
3.5y = 1150 – 200 – 10x
10x + 3.5y = 950 … (i)
Apply mode =
34 =
4(3y – 200) = 10(y – x)
10x + 2y = 800 …. (ii)
Subtract equation (ii) from equation (i),
1.5y = 150, y = 100
Substitute the value of y = 100 in equations (i0, we get
10x + 3.5(100) = 950
10x = 950-350
600
X= = 60
10
Third missing frequency = 200 – x – y = 200 – 60 – 100 = 40.

Question 17
Calculate mode from the following data:
Marks Frequency
Below 10 4
‘’20 6
‘’30 24
‘’40 46
‘’50 67
‘’60 86
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‘’70 96
‘’80 99
‘’90 100

(a) 41.3 (b) 40

(c) 40.13 (d) 89
Answer: A
Explanation:
Since we are given the cumulative frequency distribution of marks, first we
shall convert it into the normal frequency distribution:
Marks Frequencies
0-10 4
10-20 6-4=2
20-30 24-6=18
30-40 46-24=22
40-50 67-46=21
50-60 86-67=19
60-70 96-86=10
70-80 99-96=3
80-90 100-99=1

It is evident from the table that the distribution is irregular and maximum
chances are that the distribution would be having more than one mode. You
can verify by applying the grouping and analyzing table.
The formula to calculate the value of mode in cases of bio-modal
distribution is:
Mode = 3 median – 2 mean.
Computation of Mean and Median
Marks Mid- Frequency Cumulative (dx) fdx
Value f frequencies
x cf
0-10 5 4 4 -4 -16
10-20 15 2 6 -3 -6
20-30 25 18 24 -2 -36
30-40 35 22 46 -1 -22
40-50 45 21 67 0 0
50-60 55 19 86 1 19
60-70 65 10 96 2 20
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70-80 75 3 99 3 9
80-90 85 1 100 4 4
405 f =100 528 0 fdx
= −28
Mean =
Median = size of item = 50th item
Because 50 is similar to 67 in C.f. column, Median class is 40 – 50
Median =
Median =
Apply Mode = 3 median – 2 Mean
Mode = 3 × 41.9 - 2 × 42.2 = 125.7 – 84.6 = 41.3

Question 18
Find the arithmetic mean of the first 7 natural numbers.
(a) 5 (b) 6
(c) 7 (d) 4
Answer: D
Explanation:
The first 7 natural numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
Let x denote their arithmetic mean.
Then mean = Sum of first 7 natural numbers/number of natural numbers
X = (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7)/7
= 28/7
=4
Hence, their mean is 4.

Question 19
The heights of five runners are 160cm, 137 cm, 149 cm, 153 cm, and
161 cm respectively. Find the mean height per runner.
(a) 152 (b) 150
(c) 148 (d) 120
Answer: A
Explanation:
Mean height = Sum of the heights of the runners/number of runners
(160+137+149+153+161)
=
5𝑐𝑚
760
=
5𝑐𝑚
= 152 cm.
Hence the mean height is 152 cm.
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Question 20
Find the mean of the first five prime numbers.
(a) 4.6 (b) 6.5
(b) 78 (d) 5.6
Answer: D
Explanation:
The first five prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11.
Mean = Sum of first five prime numbers/number of prime numbers
(2+3+5+7+11)
=
5
28
=
5
= 5.6
Hence, their mean is 5.6

Question 21
Find the mean of the first six multiples of 4.
(a) 12 (b) 13
(c) 14 (d) 15
Answer: C
Explanation:
The six multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24.
4
Mean = Sum of the first six multiples of
No.of multiple
(4+8+ 12+16+ 20+24)
=
6
84
=
6
= 14.
Hence, their mean is 14.

Question 22
If the mean of 9, 8, 10, x, 12 is 15, find the value of x.
(a) 30 (b) 41
(c) 36 (d) 63
Answer: C
Explanation:
(9+8+10+𝑥+12) (39+𝑥)
Mean of the given numbers = =
5 5
According to the problem, mean = 15 (given).
(39+𝑥)
Therefore, = 15
5

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➔ 39 + x = 15 × 5
➔ 39 + x = 75
➔ 39 – 39 + x = 75 – 39
➔ x = 36
Hence x = 36.

Question 23
If the mean of five observations x, x+4, x+6, x+8, and x+12 is 16, find
the value of x.
(a) 154 (b) 54
(c) 451 (d) 541
Answer: C
Explanation:
Mean of the given observations
𝑥+(𝑥+4)+ (𝑥+6)+ (𝑥+8)+(𝑥+12)
=
5
(5𝑥+30)
=
5
According to the problem mean = 16 (given).
(5𝑥+30)
Therefore, = 16
5
➔ 5x + 30 = 16 × 5
➔ 5x + 30 = 80
➔ 5x + 30 – 30 = 80 – 30
➔ 5x = 50
50
➔x=
5
➔ x = 10
Hence, x = 10.

Question 24
The mean of 40 numbers was found to be 38. Later on, it was detected
that a number 56 was misread as 36. Find the correct mean of given
numbers.
(a) 38 (b) 26
(c) 38.5 (d) 89
Answer: C
Explanation:
Calculated mean of 40 numbers = 38.
Therefore, calculated sum of these numbers = (38 × 40) = 1520.
Correct sum of these numbers
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= [1520 – (wrong item) + (correct item)]

= (1520 – 36 + 56)
= 1540.
1540
Therefore, the correct mean = = 38.5.
40

Question 25
The mean of the heights of 6 boys is 152 cm. If the individual heights of
five of them are 151 cm, 153 cm, 155 cm, 149 cm and 154 cm, find the
height of the sixth boy.
(a) 157 (b) 159
(c) 150 (d) 89
Answer: C
Explanation:
Mean height of 6 boys = 152 cm.
Sum of the heights of 6 boys = (152 × 6) = 912 cm
Sum of the heights of 5 boys = (151 + 153 + 155 + 149 + 154) cm = 762 cm.
Height of the sixth boy
= sum of the heights of 6 boys) – (sum of the heights of 5 boys)
= (912-762) cm = 150 cm.
Hence, the height of the sixth girl is 150 cm.

Question 26
Find the mode of the following set of marks.
Marks 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 6 7 7 5 3

(a) 2 and 4 (b) 4 and 3

(c) 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 5
Answer: C
Explanation:
The marks 2 and 3 have the highest frequency. So, the modes are 2 and 3.
Note: The above example shows that a set of observation may have more
than one mode.

Question 27
There are 8 number cards with values 0 – 7. Each time a card is drawn
at random and the card value is recorded. The frequency refers to the
number of times a value is shown.
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Card 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
values
Frequency 8 12 7 10 12 13 12 10

(a) 75,5 (b) 5, 79

(c) 80, 89 (d) None
Answer: A
Explanation:
(a) Mode: 75 kg (highest frequency of 12)
(b) Mode: 5 (highest frequency of 13)

Question 28
The following frequency table shows the marks obtained by students
in a quiz. Given that 4 is the mode, what is the least value for x?
Marks 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of students 7 9 10 x 9 11
(frequency)

(a) 12 (b) 10
(c) 3 (d) 6
Answer: A
Explanation:
X is as least 12 (if x is less than 12 then 4 will not be the mode)

Question 29
The mean of the following frequency distribution is
Class Interval Frequency
0-10 4
10-20 6
20-30 10
30-40 16
40-50 14

(a) 25 (b) 35
(c) 30 (d) 31
Answer: D
Explanation:
Class Mid-point Freq. Diff, from fd

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interval (A = 25)
0-10 5 4 -20 -80
10-20 15 6 -10 -60
20-30 25 10 0 0
30-40 35 16 10 160
40-50 45 14 20 280
Total f=50 fd = 300
𝐹𝐷 300
(x) = A + = 25 + = 31
𝐹 50

Question 30
Mean of twenty observations is 15. If two observations 3 and 14
replaced by 8 and 9 respectively, then the new mean will be
(a) 14 (b) 15
(c) 16 (d) 17
Answer: D
Explanation:
Mean of 20 observations = 15
 Sum of 20 observations = 15 × 20 = 300
Replacing 3 and 14 by 8 and 9 will mean that 3 + 14 = 17 is replaced by 8 +
9 = 17
Hence there will be no effect on the sum. It will remain 300, so the mean
will not change and will remain 15.

Question 31
Factory A Factory B
No. of wage of earners 250 200
Average daily wage Rs. 2.00 Rs. 2.50
The average of daily wages for the earners of the two factories
combined is
(a) Rs. 2.12 (b) Rs. 2.06
(c) Rs. 2.20 (d) Rs. 2.22
Answer: D
Explanation:
250×2.00+×2.50×200
Required average =
250+200
1000
=
450
20
=
9
Rs. 2.22
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Question 32
The height of 30 boys of a class are given in the following table:
Height in cm Frequency
120-129 2
130-139 8
140-149 10
150-159 7
160-169 3
If by joining of a boy of height 140 cm, the median of the heights is
changed from M1 to M2 then M1 – M2 in cm is
(a) 0.1 (b) -0.1
(c) 0 (d) 0.2
Answer: C
Explanation:
Height in cms Frequency Cumulative Actual Class
frequency limit
120-129 2 2 119.5-129.5
130-139 8 10 129.5-139.5
140-149 10 20 139.5-149.5
150-159 7 27 149.5-159.5
160-169 3 30 159.5-169.5
n = 30
Here n = 30
𝑛
 + 1 = 15 + 1 = 16
2
 16 is under cumulative frequency 20. So median class be 140-149
L1 = 139.5, L2 = 149.5, f = 10, n = 30, c = 10.
𝐿2 −𝐿1 𝑛
Median M1 = L1+ ( − 𝑐)
𝑓 2
10
= 139.5 + (15 – 10)
10
10
= 139.5 + × 5 = 144.5
10

If by joining f a boy of height 140 cms, the n=31, f=11

149.5−139.5
Median M2 = 139.5 + (15.5 – 10)
11
10
= 139.5 + × 5.5 = 144.5 cms
11

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Then M1 – M2 = 144.5 – 144.5 = 0

Question 33
The marks awarded to seven students in a school admission test were:
Mathematics English
A 55 35
B 45 32
C 75 44
D 15 50
E 10 45
F 40 60
G 06 40
Which subject has the better median value?
(a) Mathematics (b) English
(c) Both (a) and (b) above (d) None of the above
Answer: B
Explanation:
The awarded makes in Mathematics and English were arranged in
ascending in ascending order separately.

Maths English
06 32
10 35
15 40
40 44
45 45
55 50
75 60
Hence, English has the better median value.

Question 34
Identify the mode of the given distribution.
Marks 4 5 6 7 8
Number of 3 5 10 6 1
students

(a) 7 (b) 1
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(c) 8 (d) 6
Answer: D
Explanation:
Mode is 6 as it has the highest frequency

Question 35
The given data are the times (in minutes), it takes seven students to go
to school from their homes.
11 6 22 7 10 6 15
Which statement about the data is false?
(a) Their median is 11. (b) Their mean is 15.
(c) Their range is 16. (d) Their mode is 6.
Answer: a
Explanation:
Arranging the given data in ascending order, we get 6, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15, 22
6+6+7+10+11+15+22
Mean =
7
77
= 11
7
Mode = 6 Median = 4th value = 10

Question 36
The medians of the following two sets of numbers are equal, and the
sets are arranged in ascending order {1, 4, x, 8} and {2, 5, y, 9}. What is
y – x?
(a) -1 (b) 0
(c) -2 (d) 3
Answer: a
Explanation:
Recall that the median of an even-numbered of numbers is the arithmetic
(4+𝑥)
mean of the pair of middle terms. Thus = median of the first set and
2
(5+𝑦)
-= median of the second set. Since both median are equal, we can set
2
(4+𝑥) (5+𝑦)
the equations equal to each other. = . Multiply both sides by 2 and
2 2
we get 4 + x =5 + y. we also know that 4 < x < 8 and 5 < y < 9, since the sets
are arranged in ascending order. This narrows our options for x and y down
significantly. Plugging in various values will eventually get you to x = 7 and
y = 6, since 7 + 4 = 11 and 5 + 6 =11, and thus the median in both cases
would be 5.5. Thus, y-x = -1

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Question 37
What is the median in the following set of numbers 16, 19, 16, 7, 2, 20,
9, 5.
(a) 2 (b) 16
(c) 4.5 (d) 12.5
Answer: d
Explanation:
16, 19, 16, 7, 2, 20, 9, 5
Order the numbers from smallest to largest.
2, 5, 7, 9, 16, 19, 20
The median is the number in the middle.
In this case, there is a 9 and 16 in the middle.
When that happens, take the average of the two numbers.

Question 38
Find the median: 4,4,4,4,6,7,9,9,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,18,76,90.
(a)11.9 (b) 9
(c) 76 (d) 12
Answer: d
Explanation:
To find the median, arrange the numbers from smallest to largest:
4,4,4,4,6,7,9,9,12,12,12,12,12,12,18,76,90
There are 17 numbers in total. Since 17 is an odd number, the median will
be the middle number of the set. In this case, it is the 9th number, which is
12.

Question 39
There are 3,500 people in group A and 5,000 people in group B:
Car type % in group A who % in group B who
own own
Motorbike 4 9
Sedan 35 25
Minivan 22 15
Van 9 12
Coupe 3 6
What is the median of the number of people in group B who own either
a minivan. Van or coupe?
(a) 600 (b) 300
(c) 1500 (d) 750
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Answer: A
Explanation:
Treat the percentage as a list, as we are including every demographic from
the 3 vehicle types mentioned. If we do each 0.06(5000), 0.12(5000), and
0.15(5000) we note from observation that the median, or middle value,
would have to be the 12% row
Since the sample size does not change. The question asks for EITHER of 3
categories, so we can ignore the other two.
0.12(5000) = 600(van) is the median of the 3 categories.
8, 12, 9, 8, 7, 11, 10, 6

Question 40
The grades on a test taken by 15 students are 50, 70, 87, 95, 100, 34,
56, 76, 43, 88, 92, 76, 82, 45, and 65 respectively. What was the
medians score for this test?
(a) 73 (b) 76
(c) 70 (d) 89
Answer: b
Explanation:
To solve this problem, we must be aware of the definition of a median for a
set of numbers. The median is defined as the number that is in middle of a
set of numbers sorted from smallest to largest. Therefore, we must first sort
the numbers from largest to smallest.
34,43,45,50,56,65,70,76,76,87,88,92,95,100
43,45,50,56,65,70,76,81,87,88,92,95
45,50,56,65,70,76,76,87,88,92
50, 56, 65, 70, 76,76,87,88
56, 65, 70,76,76,87
65, 70, 76, 76
70, 76, 76
76
Then by slowly eliminations the smallest and the largest numbers we find
that the median score for this test is 76.

Question 41
Set A = [-10, 4, 2,-14,-2]
Quantity A: The mean of Set A
Quantity B: The median of set A
(a) Quantity B is greater. (b) Quantity A is greater.
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(c) The relationship cannot be (d) The two quantities are equal.
determined
Answer: a
Explanation:
Begin by reordering the set in numerical order:
Set A = [-10, 4, 2,-14,-2]
Then becomes
Set A = [-14,-10,-2, 2, 4]
Since there are an odd number of values, the median is the middle value.
Quantity B: -2
Now, to find the arithmetic mean, take the sum of values divided by the total
number of values.
−14 − 10 − 2 + 2 + 4
5
Quantity A: -4

Question 42
The arithmetic mean of 2-x,3x2,7-15x,x2-8x+23 is -1
Quantity A: 3
Quantity B: The median of 2, x, 1, 4, 10, 8,, 2, x, 1, 4, 10, 8
(a) Quantity B is greater. (b) Quantity A is greater
(c) The relationship cannot be (d) The two quantities are equal.
determined
Answer: a
Explanation:
X is an unknown value, but it can be found given what we know about the
mean of the set 2-x,3x2,7-15x,x2-8x+23:
(2 − 𝑥 ) + (3 𝑥 2 ) + (7 − 15𝑥 ) + (𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 23)
= −1
4
4𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 32 = −4
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8 = −1
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 0
(X-3)(X-3)=0
X=3
Now, Quantity B: is out of order; arrange in numerically:
1, 2, x=3, 4,8,10
Since, there is even number of values; the median is the mean of the two
middle most values:

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3+4
Quantity B: = 3.5
2
3+42=3.5

Question 43
Bill runs for 30 minutes at 8 mph and then runs for 15 minutes at 13
mph. what was his average speed during his entire run?
(a) 10 mph 2
(b) 9 mph
3
(c) 11 mph 1
(d) 10 mph
2
Answer: b
Explanation:
Rate = distance/time.
Find the distance for each individual segment of the run (4 miles and 3.25
miles.). Then add total distance and divide by total time to get the average
rate, while making sure the units are compatible (miles per hour not mils
per minute), which means the total 45 minute run time needs to be
converted to 0.75 of an hour ; therefore (4 miles + 3.25miles/0.75 hour) is
the final answer.

Question 44
Find the mode for the following data.
Age 0-6 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30 30-36 36-42
Frequency 6 11 25 35 18 12 6

(a) 20.22 (b) 19.47

(c) 21.12 (d) 20.14
Answer: a
Explanation:
Since, maximum class frequency is 35, so the mode class is 18-24.
𝑓 −𝑓
Now, Mode = L + 1 0 × ℎ
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2
35−25
18+( )×6
2×35−25−18
= 18+2.22 = 20.22

Question 45
Find the median for the following distribution of workers.
Daily wages No. of workers Daily wages No. of workers
1-3 6 9-11 21
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3-5 53 11-13 16
5-7 85 13-15 4
7-9 86 15-17 4

(a) 7.14 (b) 6.84

(c) 5.92 (d) 5.57
Answer: b
Explanation:

Daily wages No. of workers Cumulative frequency (cf)

1-3 6 6
3-5 53 59
5-7 85 144
7-9 86 230
9-11 21 251
11-13 16 2677
13-15 4 271
15-17 4 275
Here, n = 275
𝑛
= 137.5
2
Median class 5-7
𝑛
𝑐.𝑓.
Median = l + ( 2
)×h
𝑓
137.5−59 78.5
=5+( )×2 = 5 + ×2
85 85
= 5 + 1.84
= 6.84

Question 46
In an examination of 675 candidates of maximum marks 100 the
examiner supplied the following information.
Marks obtained No. of candidates
Less than 10% 7
Less than 20% 39
Less than 30% 95
Less than 40% 201
Less than 50% 381

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Less than 60% 545

Less than 70% 631
Less than 80% 675
Calculated median and mode respectively of the percentage marks
obtained.
(a) 47, 58, 46, 33 (b) 49, 12, 48, 22
(c) 45, 24, 46, 22 (d) 47. 58, 48.22
Answer: d
Explanation:
Marks (fi) cf Frequency
0-10 7 7
10-20 39 32
20-30 95 56
30-40 201 106
40-50 381 180
50-60 545 164
60-70 631 86
70-80 675 44
Here, n = 675
𝑛
= 337.5
2
So, median class 40-50
𝑛
−𝑐.𝑓.
Median = l + ( 2
)×h
𝑓
40 + 7.58 = 47.58
Now, maximum frequency is 180
So modal class is 40-50
𝑓 −𝑓
Modes = l + ( 1 0 ) × h
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2
180−106
40 + ( ) × 10
2×180−106−164
74
40 + × 10 = 40 + 8.22 = 48.22
90

Question 47
Find the mean, median and mode of the following data.
Classes 0-20 20-40 40- 60-80 80-100 100- 120-
60 120 140
Frequency 6 8 10 12 6 5 3

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(a) 88 (b) 60
(c) 65 (d) 100
Answer: C
Explanation:
Class (xi) Frequency xifi Cumulative
(fi) frequency
(cf)
0-20 10 6 60 6
20-40 30 8 240 14
40-60 50 10 500 24
60-80 70 12 840 36
80-100 90 6 540 42
100-120 110 5 550 47
120-140 130 3 390 50
Total fi = 50  fi xi = 3120
𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑖
Mean =
𝑓𝑖
3120
= = 62.4
50
𝑛
n = 50, = 25
2
Median class is 60-80
𝑛
( 2 −𝑐.𝑓.)
Median = l + ×h
𝑓
25−24
= 60 + ( ) × 20
12
= 60 + 1.67
Maximum frequency is 12, so modal class is 60-80
𝑓 −𝑓
Mode = l + ( 1 0 ) × h
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2
12−10
60 + ( ) × 20
2×12−10−6
60+5 = 65

Question 48
The mean of 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 4 is m. The numbers 3,2,2,4,3,3, p have mean
m-1 and median q. Then, p + q=
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) 7
Answer: d
Explanation:

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Mean of 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 4 is m.
1+3+4+5+7+4
➔ =m
6
M=4
Now, mean of 3, 2, 2, 4, 3, 3 and p is m-1
3+2+2+4+3+3+𝑝
=3
6
( m = 4) ➔ 17+p = 21
➔p=4
Arranging 3, 2, 2,4,3,3 and 4 in ascending order, we get 2,2,3,3,3,4,4
7+1 𝑚
Median (q) = n( ) term – 4th term = 3
2
p+q=4+3=7

Question 49
The mean of six numbers is 21. If one number is excluded, then their
mean is 19, the excluded number is ____.
(a) 31 (b) 26
(c) 28 (d) 25
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let the excluded number be x and the sum of rest of numbers be y. then, 21
𝑥+𝑦
=
6
➔ 126 = x + y
𝑦
19 =
5
➔ y = 95
 From (i)
x = 31

Question 50
If 7, 2, 9, and 5 occur with frequencies 2, 3, 6 and 4 respectively, then
the arithmetic mean is -_____.
(a) 6.25 (b) 6.75
(c) 6.27 (d) 6.42
Answer: c
Explanation:
𝑥1𝑓1+𝑥2𝑓2+⋯+𝑥𝑛𝑓𝑛
Arithmetic mean =
𝑓1+𝑓2+⋯+𝑓𝑛
(7 × 2) + (2 × 3) + (9 × 6) + (5 × 4)
2+3+6+4
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14+6+54+20 94
= = 6.27
15 15

Question 51
𝒂𝒏+𝟏 +𝒃𝒏+𝟏
Find n such that may be the geometric mean between a and b:
𝒂𝒏 +𝒃𝒏
(a)
1
(b) 1
2
(c)
−1
(d) 0
2
Answer: c
Explanation:
We know that geometric mean between a & b is a & b = √𝑎𝑏
It is given that
𝑎𝑛+1 + 𝑏𝑛+1
G.M. between a & b =
𝑎𝑛 +𝑏𝑛
𝑎𝑛+1 + 𝑏𝑛+1
√𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑛 +𝑏𝑛
1 𝑛+1
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑛+1
𝑎𝑏 = 2
𝑎𝑛 +𝑏𝑛
1(𝑎𝑛 +𝑏 𝑛 )=𝑎𝑛+1
(𝑎𝑏) 2 + 𝑏 𝑛+1
1 1
a b ( 𝑎𝑛 + bn ) = an+1 + bn+1
2 2
1 1 1
1 𝑏𝑛 +2[ 2 − 2]
+n= 1
𝑏 𝑎
1
𝑎2 −
𝑏2 𝑎2
1
+n=1
𝑎2
1
𝑎 2+𝑛 𝑎 0
( ) =( )
𝑏 𝑏
Comparing power
1
+n=0
2
1
n= −
2

Question 52
What is the mode of 10, 2, 8, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 10, 11 and 10?
(a) 10 (b) 12
(c) 14 (d) 8
Answer: a
Explanation:
Mode = observation with the highest frequency = 10

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Question 52
The mean of the marks in statistics of 100 students in class x was 72.
The mean of marks for boys was 75, while their number was 70. What
is the mean of marks of girls in the class?
(a) 35 (b) 65
(c) 68 (d) 86
Answer: b
Explanation:
Total marks of boys
Total number of girls
100 × 72 − 75 × 70 7200 − 5250
=
30 30
1950
= 65
30

Question 53
Which of the following is true about the mode of a given data?
(a) It may or may not exist for a (b) It is always unique.
Given data.
(c) It is very difficult to compute (d) We cannot calculate mode
Mode. without The empirical formula.
Answer: a
Explanation:
Mode of a given data may or may not exist sometimes.
Range = 22 – 6 = 16

Question 54
The A.M. of 12 observations is 15. If an observation 20 is removed,
what is the arithmetic mean of the remaining observations?
(a) 14.5 (b) 13
(c) 15 (d) 13.5
Answer: a
Explanation:
he A.M. of 12 observations is 15.
➔ Sum of 12 observations = 12×15 = 180
An observation 20 is removed
➔ Mean of the remaining observations
180−20 160
= = = 14.5
(12−1) 11

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Question 55
If for a given data median is 125.6 and mean is 128, find mode.
(a) 120.8 (b) 128.0
(c) 108.2 (d) 180.2
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given median = 125.6 and mean = 128. Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
= (3 × 125.6)-(2×128)
= 376.8 – 256
= 120.8

Question 56
What is the arithmetic mean of a+2, a and a-2?
(a) a+2 (b) a
(c) a-2 (d) 3a
Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑎+2+𝑎+𝑎−2 3𝑎
Mean = = =a
3 3

Question57
Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency?
(a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Mode (d) Standard deviation
Answer: d
Explanation:
Mean, median and mode are the measures of central tendency.

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UNIT II: DISPERSION

Overview
ofDispersion

Absolute Measure of Dispersion Relative Measure of Dispersion

Mean Standard Coefficient Coefficient

Deviation Deviation of Range of Variation

Rang Quartile
e Deviatio Coefficient of Coefficient of
n Mean Deviation Quartile Deviation

The amount of deviation of the observations, usually,

from an appropriate measure of central tendency. Two
DISPERSION
distributions may be identical in respect of its first
important characteristic i.e. central tendency and yet
they may differ on account of scatterness.

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CLASSIFICATION
OF DISPERSION

Range = L-S

ALGEBRIC
MEASURES

RELATIVE
MEASURES

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Question 1
Following are the wages of 8 workers expressed in rupees: 82, 96, 52,
75, 70, 65, 50, 70. Find the range and also its coefficient.
(a) 46,31.51 (b) 64,32
(c) 56, 76 (d) 90,33
Answer: a
Explanation:
The largest and the smallest wages are L = Rs. 96 and S = Rs. 50 Thus range
= Rs. 96 – Rs. 50 = Rs.46
96−50
Coefficient of range = × 100
96+50
= 31.51
Question 2
What is the coefficient of range for the following distribution of
weights?
Weights 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
in kgs:
No. of 12 18 23 10 3
students

(a) 20 (b) 21
(c) 20.16 (d) 40.34
Answer: c
Explanation:
The lowest class boundary is 49.50 kgs. And the highest class boundary is
74.50 kgs.
Thus we have
Range = 74.50 kgs, - 49.50 kgs.
=25 kgs.
74.50−49.50
Coefficient of range = × 100
74.50+49.50

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25
= × 100
124
= 20.16

Question 3
Anubhav scored 85, 91, 88, 78, 85 for a series of exams. Calculate the
mean deviation for his test scores?
(a) 3.28 (b) 5.78
(c) 6.89 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given test score; 85, 91, 88, 78, 85

(85+91+88+78+85)
Mean = = 85.4
5
Subtracting mean from each score:
x xi - x |𝒙𝒊 − 𝒙|
85 -0.4 0.4
91 5.6 5.6
88 2.6 2.6
78 -7.4 7.4
85 -0.4 0.4
16.4
Mean deviations = = 3.28
5

Question 4
The wheat production (in kg) of 220 acres is given as: 1120, 1240,
1320, 1040, 1080, 1200, 1440, 1360, 1680, 1730, 1785, 1342, 1960,
1880, 1755, 1720, 1600, 1470, 1750, and 1885. Find the quartile
deviation
(a) 246.875 (b) 246
(c) 246.89 (d) 175
Answer: a
Explanation:
After arranging the observations in ascending order, we get
1040, 1080, 1120, 1200, 1240, 1320, 1342, 1360, 1440, 1470, 1600, 1680,
1720, 1730, 1750, 1755, 1785, 1880, 1885, 1960.
𝑛+1
Q1 = Value of ( ) 𝑡ℎ item
4
20+1 th
= Value of ( )
4

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= Value of (5.25)th item

= 5th item + 0.25(6th item – 5th item) = 1240+0.25(1320-1240)
Q1 = 1240 + 20 = 1260
𝑛+1
Q3 = value of 3( )th item
4
20+1
= value of 3( )thitem
4
= value of (15.75)th item = 15th item + 0.75(16th item – 15th item) = 1750
Q3=1750+3.75=1753.75
𝑄 −𝑄 1753.75−1260 492.75
Q. D. = 3 1 = =
2 2 2
= 246.875

Question 5
Compute coefficient of variation from the following data:
Age : under under under under under under
10 20 30 40 50 60
No. of 10 18 30 45 60 80
persons
dying:

(a) 48.83 (b) 89.88

(c) 756.34 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Age in No. of Mid di = xi – 25 fidi fid i2
years persons value 10
class dying (xi)
interval (fi)
0-10 10 5 -2 -20 40
10-20 18-10=8 15 -1 -8 8
20-30 30-18=12 25 0 0 0
30-40 45-30=15 35 1 15 15
40-50 60-45=15 45 2 30 60
50-60 80-60=20 55 3 60 180
Total 80 - - 77 303
The AM is given by:
𝑓 𝑑
x̅ = A + 𝑖 𝑖 × C
𝑁
77×10 S
=25 ( ) years CV = × 100
80 X
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= 34.63 years
The standard deviation is
2
√𝑓𝑖 𝑑𝑖 − [𝑓𝑖 𝑑] × C
𝑁 𝑁

303 77 2
√ − [ ] × 10𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
80 80
√3.79 − 0.93 × 10 year
= 16.91 years
Thus the coefficient of variation is given by
16.91
= × 100
34.63
= 48.83

Question 6
What is the mean deviation about mean for the following numbers? 5,
8, 10, 10, 12, 9.
(a) 1.74 (b) 1.67
(c) 1.87 (d) 1.47
Answer: b
Explanation:
The mean is given by
̅ = 5+8+10+10+12+9
X
6
=9
Computation of MD about AM
Xi Xi - X
5 4
8 1
10 1
10 1
12 3
9 0
Total 10
Thus mean deviation about mean is given by
 10
Xi – X = = 1.67
6

Question 7
From the above data calculate coefficient of mean deviation
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(a) 12.45 (b) 123

(c) 989 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑀𝐷 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
Coefficient of mean deviation = × 100
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
8714.28
× 100
70000
= 12.4

Question 8
For a group of 60 boy5 students, the mean and SD of stats. Marks are
45 and 2 respectively. The same figures for a group of 40 girl students
are 55 and 3 respectively. What is the SD of marks if the two groups
are pooled together?
(a) 5.44 (b) 5.48
(c) 49 (d) 3
Answer: c
Explanation:
𝑛 𝑥 +𝑛 𝑥
X= 1 1 2 2
𝑛1 +𝑛2

60 × 45 + 40 × 55
60 + 40
= 49

Question 9
From the above questions and expression find standard deviation of
marks
(a) 5.44 (b) 5.48
(c) 30 (d) 3
Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑑1 = X1 – X = 45 – 49 = -4
𝑛1 𝑠1 2 +𝑛2 𝑠2 2 +𝑛1 𝑑1 2 +𝑛2 𝑑2 2
S=√
𝑛1 +𝑛2
𝑑1 = 𝑋1 - X = 55 – 49 = 6
√60 × 22 + 40 × 32 + 60 × (−4)2 + 40 + 62
60 + 40

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√30 = 5.48

Question10
Calculate the mean deviation about median for the following data
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency 6 7 15 𝟏 4 2
𝟔

(a) 10.16 (b) 30.69

(c) 28 (d) 30
Answer: a
Explanation:
Class Frequency Cumulative Mid – point
frequency xi
0-10 6 6 5
10-20 7 7 +6 = 13 15
20-30 15 13 + 15 = 28 25
30-40 16 28 + 16 = 44 35
40-50 4 44 + 4 = 48 45
50-60 2 48 + 2 = 50 55
50
N  fi = 50
𝑁 𝑡ℎ
Median Class ( ) term
2
50 𝑡ℎ
( ) term
2
25th
In above data cumulative frequency of class 20-30 is 28 which is slightly
greater than 25.
 Median class = 20 – 30
𝑁
−𝑐
Median = l + 2
×h
𝑓
Where,
L = Lower limits of median class
N = Sum of frequencies
F = frequency of median class
C = Cumulative frequency of class before median class
Here, l = 20, N = 50, C = 13, h = 10, f = 15

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𝑁
−𝑐
Median = l + 2
×ℎ
𝑓
50
−13
20+ 2
× 10
15
12
20+ × 10
15
20 + 8 = 28
𝑓𝑖|𝑋 −𝑀|
Finding mean deviations about Median = 𝐼
𝑓𝑖
Class Frequency Cumulative Mid – |𝑥𝑖 − 𝑀| 𝑓𝑖 |𝑥𝑖 − 𝑀|
frequency point
xi
0-10 6 6 5 |5 − 6 × 23 =
28|=23 138
10-20 7 7+6 = 13 15 |15 − 7 × 13 =
28|=13 91
20-30 15 13+15 = 25 |25 − 15 × 3 =
28 28|=3 45
30-40 16 28+16=44 35 |35 − 16 × 7 =
28|=7 112
40-50 4 44+4=48 45 |45 − 4 × 17 =
28|=17 68
50-60 2 48+2=50 55 |55 − 2 × 27 =
28|=27 54
𝑓𝑖 = 50 𝑓𝑖 |𝑥𝑖 – 𝑀 | 508
∑ 𝑓𝑖 = 50 &|𝑥𝑖 − 𝑀| = 508
∑ 𝑓 |𝑥 −𝑀|
Mean deviation (M) = 𝑖∑ 𝑖
𝑓𝑖
508
= 10.16
50

Question 11
5 students obtained following marks in statistics: 20, 35, 25, 30, 15
find out range and coefficient of range.
(a) 20, 0.4 (b) 20, 0.5
(c) 30, 10 (d) 30, 5
Answer: a
Explanation:
Here,
Highest value (H) = 35

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Lowest value (L) = 15

Range = Highest value –Lowest value
i.e. R = H-L
Substituting the given values in the formula
R = 35 – 15 = 20
Coefficient of range is as follows:
𝐻−𝐿
CR =
𝐻+𝐿
35−15
Or, CR =
35+15
20
=
50

CR = 0.4
Hence, the range (R) of the above data is 20 and coefficient of Range (CR) is
0.4

Question 12
Prices of shares of a company were not as under from Monday through
Saturday. Find out range and the coefficient of range.
Day Mon. Tues. Wed. Thu. Fri Sat.
Price 200 210 208 160 220 250

(a) 20, 0.4 (b) 90, 0.22

(c) 30, 0.65 (d) 30, 5.69
Answer: b
Explanation:
Here,
Highest value among the prices of shares =
250 Lowest value among the prices of shares = 160
Range (R) = Highest value (H) – Lowest value (L) or, R = 250-160
R = 90
𝐻−𝐿
Coefficient of Range (CR) =
𝐻+𝐿
250−160
Or, CR =
250+160
90
=
410
CR = 0.219 or 0.22 (Approx.)

Question13

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You know share market is going bullish during the last several
months. Collect weekly data on the share price of any two important
industries during the past six months. Calculate the range of share
prices. Comment on how volatile is the share prices.
(a) Tata motors shares are more (b) Tata motors shares are less
volatile as compared to the volatile as compared to the
prices of Reliance shares. prices of Reliance shares.
(c) Tata motors shares are equal as (d) None of these
a To the prices of Reliance
shares.
Answer: b
Explanation:
Month Price of shares Tata Motors Price of shares
Reliance
Oct. 325 913.35
Nov. 397 900.25
Dec. 405 750.90
Jan. 415 780.70
Feb. 420 799.25
Mar. 388 850.35
For TATA Motors Highest Value = 420 Lowest Value = 325
Range (R) = Highest Value (H) – Lowest Value (L) or, R1 = 420-325
R1 = 95
H−L
Coefficient of Range (CR) =
H+L
420−325
Or, Cr =
420+325
95
= = 0.127
745
For Reliance
Highest Value = 913.35
Lowest value = 750.90
Range (R) = Highest Value (H) – lowest Value (L) or, R2 = 913.25 – 750.90
R2 = 162.45
H−L
Coefficient of Range (CR) =
H+L
913.35−750.90
CR =
913.35+750.90
162.45
= = 0.097
1664.25
From the above results we can observe that the price of the Tata Motors
shares is less volatile as compared to the prices of Reliance shares.
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Question14
Calculate range and the coefficient of range of the following series:
Marks 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
No. of 15 18 25 30 16 10 9
students

(a) 20,0.4 (b) 20,0.5

(c) 60,0.75 (d) 30,5
Answer: c
Explanation:
Here,
Highest value = 70
Lowest value = 10
Range (R) = Highest value (H) – Lowest Value (L)
= 70 – 10
= 60
𝐻−𝐿
Coefficient of Range (CR) =
𝐻+𝐿
70−10 60
CR = = = 0.75
70+10 80
Hence, the Range (R) of the above series is 60 and coefficient of Range (CR)
is 0.75

Question15
Find the variance of the following data: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22,
24.
(a) 33 (b) 15
(c) 10 (d) 14
Answer: a
Explanation:

xi 𝑥𝑖 − 14 𝑥𝑖 - x (𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥 )2
𝑑𝑖 =
2
6 6 − 14 6 – 15 = -9 (−9)2 = 81
= −4
2
8 8 − 14 8 – 15 = -7 (−7)2 = 49
=3
2
10 10 − 14 10 -15 = -5 (5)2 = 25
= −2
2

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12 12 − 14 12 -15 = -3 (−3)2 = 9
= −1
2
14 14 − 14 14 – 15 = -1 (−1)2 = 1
=0
2
16 16 − 14 16 – 15 = 1 (1)2 = 1
=1
2
18 18 − 14 18 – 15 = 3 (3)2 = 9
=2
2
20 20 − 14 20 – 15 = 5 (5)2 = 25
=3
2
22 22 − 14 22 – 15 = 7 (7)2 = 49
=4
2
24 24 − 14 24 – 15 = 9 (9)2 = 81
=5
2
10 10
∑ 𝑑𝑖 = 5 ∑ (𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥 )2 = 330
1 1

10
∑
Mean ̅ X = assumed mean ×h
1
𝑛
Where a = assumed mean = 14
𝑥𝑖 − 𝑎
𝑑𝑖 =
ℎ
h = class width = 8-6 = 2
n = number of observation = 10
5
Mean 𝑋̅ = 14 + × 2 = 15
10
1
Variance (Ơ ) = (𝑥𝑖 − 𝑋̅)2
2
𝑛
1
× 330
10
33

Question16
Find the standard deviation of the following data:
Class 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100

Frequency 3 7 12 15 8 3 2

(a) 14 (b) 50
(c) 62 (d) 14.17
Answer: d
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Explanation:
Class Frequency Mid – point 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
(𝑓𝑖 ) (𝑥𝑖 )
30-40 3 35 35 × 3 = 105
40-50 7 45 45 × 7 = 315
50-60 12 55 55 × 12 = 660
60-70 15 65 65 × 15 = 975
70-80 8 75 75 × 8 = 600
80-90 3 85 85 × 3 = 255
90-100 2 95 95 × 2 = 190
∑ 𝑓𝑖 = 50 ∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 = 3100

∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 = 3100

∑ 𝑓𝑖 = 50
∑𝑓 𝑥
Mean 𝑋̅ = ∑ 𝐼 𝑖
𝑓𝑖
3100
= 62
50
1
Variance (Ơ2 ) = (𝑥𝑖 − 𝑋̅)2
𝑛
1
× 10050 = 201
50
Standard deviation (Ơ) = √201
(Ơ) = 14.17

Questioin17
Estimate coefficient of quartile deviation of the following data:
Sr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
No.
Data 8 9 11 12 13 17 20 21 23 25 27

(a) 3.53 (b) 0.353

(c) 0.689 (d) 0.591
Answer: b
Explanation:
In order to find the quartile deviation in case of individual series, we need to
find out the values of third quartile and first quartile using the following
equations:
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𝑁+1 𝑡ℎ
Q1 = size of ( ) item
4
11+1 𝑡ℎ
Q1 = size of ( ) item
4
Q1 = size of 3th term
Q1 = 11
𝑁+1 𝑡ℎ
Q1 = size of 3 ( ) item
4
11+1 𝑡ℎ
Q1 = size of 3 ( ) item
4
Or, Q3 = size of 9th term
Or, Q3 = 23
Calculating Quartile Deviation and Coefficient of Quartile Deviation:
𝑄 −𝑄
Quartile Deviation (Q.D.) 3 1
2
23−11
Q.D.
2
12
Q.D.
2
Q.D. = 6
𝑄 −𝑄 23−11 12
Coefficient of Quartile Deviation (Q.D.) 3 1 = = = 0.353
𝑄3 +𝑄2 23+11 34

Question18
A measure of relative dispersion is given by the:
(a) Co-efficient of variance (b) Standard deviation
(c) Quartile deviation (d) Variance
Answer: a
Explanation:
Co-efficient of variance: This term is used commonly to mean scatter,
deviation, Fluctuation, Spread or variability of data. …. Relative Measures of
Dispersion Relative measures of dispersion are also known as coefficient of
dispersion are obtained as ratios or percentages.

Question19
The _____ is the easiest measure of dispersion to calculate.
Symbol Symbol Name Meaning / definitions
Var (X) variance variance of random variable X
Ơ 2
variance variance of population values
std (X) standard standard deviation of random variable X
deviation
Ơ𝑥 standard standard deviation value of random
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deviation variable X

(a) Standard Deviation (b) Range

(c) Mean absolute deviation (d) Variance
Answer: b
Explanation:
Range is basically the difference between the lowest and highest values.

Question20
Which of the following symbols represents the standard deviation of
the population?
(a) Ơ2 (b) 𝜇
(c) Ơ (d) 𝑋̅
Answer: c
Explanation:
Ơ

Question21
The variance can never be
(a) Larger than the standard (b) Negative
deviation
(c) Smaller than the standard (d) Zero
deviation
Answer: b
Explanation:
Sometimes (negative or positive number) squared is always a positive
number, except zero squared which is still zero. …. Because the squared
deviations are all positive numbers or zeroes, their smallest possible mean
is zero. It can’t be negative. This average of the squared deviations is in fact
variance. Hence the variance can be negative.

Question22
The numerical value of the standard deviation can never be
(a) Negative (b) Larger than the variance
(c) Zero (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Standard deviation formula is computed using squares of the numbers.
Square of a number cannot be negative. Hence standard deviation cannot be
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negative. Here (x-mean) is squared, so, this cannot be negative. N, number

of terms cannot be negative, hence SD cannot be negative.

Question23
The description measure of dispersion that is based on the concept of
a deviation about the mean is
(a) The absolute value of the range (b) Range
(c) Standard deviation (d) Inter quartile range
Answer: c
Explanation:
A measure of dispersion is a numerical value describing the amount of
variability present in a data set. The standard deviation (SD) is the most
commonly used measures of dispersion. With the SD you can measure
dispersion relative to the scatter of the values about their mean.

Question24
When should measures of location and dispersion be computed from
grouped data rather than from individual data values?
(a) Whenever computer packages (b) As much as possible since
for descriptive statistics are computations are easier
unavailable
(c) Only when the data are from a (d) Only when individual data
population values are unavailable
Answer: d
Explanation:
Only when individual data values are unavailable should measures of
location and dispersion be computed from grouped data rather than from
individual data values.

Question25
Which information is false regarding Lorenz curve
(a) The Lorenz curve devised by Dr. (b) Used this technique to show
Max O. is a graphic method of employment of a group of
studying Dispersion. people
(c) The Lorenz curve always lies (d) The area between the line of
below the line of equal equal distribution and the
distribution, unless the plotted curve gives the extent
distribution is uniform of inequality in the items. The
larger the area, more is the
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inequality
Answer: b
Explanation:
A graph on which the cumulative percentage of total national income (or
some other variable) is plotted against the cumulative percentage of the
corresponding population (ranked in increasing size of share). The extent to
which the curve saqs below a straight diagonal line indicates the degree of
inequality of distribution.

Question25
Adding a constant to each value in a data set does not change the
distance between values so the standard deviations remains …..
(a) Constant (b) Vary
(c) Vary with multiple of prime (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
For example, consider the following numbers
2,3,4,4,5,6,8,10 for this set odd data standard deviation would be
∑𝑛
𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 −𝑥)
2
8=√
𝑛−1
(2−5.25)2 +(3−5.25)2 +⋯+ (10−5.25)2
8=√
8−1
8 = 2.65922
If we were to add 5 to each value in this data set. The new set of values
would be 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15
(7−10.25)2 +(8−10.25)2 +⋯+ (15−10.25)2
8=√
8−1
8 = 2.65922
As you can see the s.d. remains the same unless you multiply every value by
a constant

Past Examination Questions

MAY - 2018
Question1
If the variables x and z are so related that z = ax + b for each x = x 1 where a
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and b are constant, then 𝐙̅ = a𝐗 ̅+b

(a) True (b) False
(c) Both (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
If the variable ‘X’ and ‘Z’ are so related that Z = ax + b for each x
= x; where and a and b are constant then Z= ax + b then it is true.

Question2
Relation between mean, median and mode is:
(a) Mean-mode = 2 (mean – (b) Mean-median = 3(mean –
median) mode)
(c) Mean-median = 2 (mean – (d) Mean-mode = 3(mean-
mode) median )
Answer: d
Explanation:
We know that
Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
Mode – Mean = 3 Median – 2 Mean – Mean
Mode – Mean = 3 (Median – Mean)
Mode – Mean = 3 (Median – Mean)
Mean – Mode = 3 (Mean – Median)

Question3
(𝑸𝟑 −𝑸𝟏 )
(𝑸 )
is known as
𝟑 +𝑸𝟏
(a) Coefficient of Range (b) Coefficient of Q.D
(c) Coefficient of S.D (d) Coefficient of M.D
Answer: b
Explanation:
(𝑄 −𝑄 )
Coefficient of Q.D =. (𝑄3 1)
3 +𝑄1

Question4
If each item is reduced by 15 A. M is
(a) Reduced by 15 (b) Increased by 15
(c) Reduced by 10 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:

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If each item is reduced by 15 then new A.M. is reduced because the shifting of
origin, the A.M. is changed.

Question5
For 899, 999, 391, 384, 390, 480, 760, 111, 240 Rank of m is
(a) 2.75 (b) 8.25
(c) 5.5 (d) none
Answer: c
Explanation:
Write the terms in Ascending order 111, 240, 384, 391, 480, 590,760, 899, 999.
Here No of observations (N) = 10

𝑛+1 𝑡ℎ
Median (𝑚𝑒 ) = [ ] term
2
10+1 𝑡ℎ
=[ ] term
2
= 5.5th term
Rank of median (𝑚𝑒 ) = 5.5

Question6
The average of a series of overlapping averages, each of which is based on a
certain number of item within a series is known as:
(a) Moving average (b) Weighted average
(c) Simple average (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
The average of a series of over lapping averages, each of which based on a certain
number of items within a series is known as Moving Average.

Question7
If the S.D. of the 1st n natural Nos. is √𝟑𝟎. Then the value of n is
(a) 19 (b) 20
(c) 21 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
S.D of first ‘n’ natural numbers
𝑛2 −1
=√
12

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𝑛2 −1
= √30 = √
12
𝑛2 −1
On squaring both side 30 =
12
360 = 𝑛2 − 1
𝑛2 = 360 + 1
𝑛2 = 361
n = √361
n = 19

Question8
If the random variables x and v are related by Y=2-3x, then the SD of v is
given by
(a) 3 × SD of x (b) -3 × SD of x
(c) 9 × SD of x (d) 2 × SD of x
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given equation
Y = 2-3x
3x+y-2 = 0
−𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 −3
b= = = -3
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 1
S.D of y = |b| S.D of x
= |-3|. SD of x
3 x SD of x

NOV - 2018
Question1
The median of the data 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 15, 18 and 19 is
(a) 10.5 (b) 10
(c 11 (d) 11.5
Answer: a
Explanation:
Write the term is Ascending 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 15, 18 and 19
Here, No. of terms (N) = 14
1 𝑁𝑡ℎ 𝑛+1 𝑡ℎ
Median = [ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + [ ] 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚]
2 2 2

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1 14𝑡ℎ 14 + 1 𝑡ℎ
[ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + [ ] 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚]
2 2 2
1
[7𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + 8𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚]
2
1
[10+11]
2
1
× [21]
2
10.5

Question2
The mean of 20 items of a data is 5 and if each item is multiplied by 3, then
the new mean will be
(a) 5 (b) 10
(c) 15 (d) 20
Answer: c
Explanation:
By shifting the scale Mean is changed
New mean = K x original mean = 5
K=3
New mean= 3×5
= 15

Question3
The Geometric mean of 3, 6, 24, and 48 is
(a) 8 (b) 12
(c) 24 (d) 6
Answer: b
Explanation:
1
G.M. = (𝑥1 𝑥2. 𝑥3 𝑥4 )4 {Here, n = 4}
1
(3 × 6 × 24 × 48) 4

= 4√3 × 6 × 24 × 48
= 42 √3 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
= 2×2×3
= 12

Question4
The Algebraic sum of the deviation of a set of values from their arithmetic
mean is
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(a) >0 (b) =0

(c) <0 (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
The arithmetic sum of the deviation of a set of value from their A.M is always
zero.

Question5
Which one of the following is not a central tendency?
(a) Mean Deviation (b) Arithmetic mean
(c) Median (d) Mode
Answer: a
Explanation:
M.D is not a central tendency.

Question6
If the range of a set of values is 65 and maximum value in the set is 83, then
the minimum value in the set is
(a) 74 (b) 9
(c) 18 (d) None of the above
Answer: c
Explanation:
Maximum Value (L) = 83
Range (R) = 65
Minimum Value (S) =?
Range (R) = L – S
65 = 83 – S
S = 83 – 65
S = 18

Question7
If total frequencies of three series are 50, 60 and 90 and their means are 12,
15, and 20 respectively, then the mean of their composite series is
(a) 16 (b) 15.5
(c) 16.5 (d) 14.5
Answer: c
Explanation:
𝑛1 = 50 𝑋̅1 = 12
𝑛2 = 60 and 𝑋̅2 = 15
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𝑛3 = 90 𝑋̅3 = 20
𝑛1 𝑋̅1 +𝑛2 𝑋̅2 +𝑛3 𝑋̅3
Compared mean 𝑋̅ =
𝑛1 +𝑛2 +𝑛3

50 × 12 + 60 × 15 + 90 × 12
50 + 60 + 90

600 + 900 + 1800

200
3300
= 16.5
200

Question8
If the variance of 5, 7, 9 and 11 is 4, then the coefficient of variation is:
(a) 15 (b) 0.25
(c) 17 (d) 19
Answer: b
Explanation:
Variance of 5, 7, 9 and 11 is 4.
i.e. Variable = 4
S.D (Ơ) = √4 = 2
∑ 𝑥 5+7+9+11 32
Mean (𝑋̅) = = = =8
𝑁 4 4
SD 2 1
CV = = = = 0.25
M 8 4

Question9
Standard deviation for the marks obtained by a student in test in
mathematic (out of 50) as 30, 35, 25, 20, 15 is
(a) 25 (b) √50
(c) √30 (d) 50
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given data’s are
15, 20, 25, 30, 35
∑ 𝑋 15+20+25+30+35 125
Mean (𝑋̅) = = = =5
𝑁 5 5
For S.D
x ̅
𝑿 d=x-𝑿 ̅ 𝒅𝟐
15 25 -10 100
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20 25 -5 25
25 25 0 0
30 25 5 25
35 25 10 100
N=5 ∑ 𝒅𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎

∑ 𝑑2 250
SD = √ =√ = √50
𝑁 5

Question10
If in a moderately skewed distribution, the values of mode and mean are
32.1 and 35.4 respectively, then the value of the median is
(a) 34.3 (b) 33.3
(c) 34 (d) 33
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given
Mode = 32.1, Median =?
Mean = 35.4
Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
32.1 = 3 Median – 2 × 35.4
32.1 = 3 Median – 70.8
Median = 32.1 + 70.8
102.9
Median = 34.3
3

Question11
If the standard deviation for the marks obtained by a student in monthly
test is 36. Then the variance is:
(a) 7 (b) 5
(c) 8 (d) 11

X f F. x
2 3 6
4 2 8
6 3 18
10 1 10
P+5 2P + 10
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N = 11 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 = 2𝑃 + 52
Answer: a
Explanation:
∑ 𝑓𝑥 2𝑃+52
𝑋̅ = =
𝑁 11
Given
𝑋̅ = 6
6 2𝑃+52
=
1 11
2P + 52 = 66
2P = 14
P=7

MAY - 2019
Question1
The AM of 15 observations is 9 and the AM of first 9 observations is 11 and
the AM of remaining observation is
(a) 11 (b) 6
(c) 5 (d) 9
Answer: b
Explanation:
15 OBSERVATION = 9
9 OBSERVATION = 11
𝑥1
𝑥1 𝑜𝑓 15 = 9 =
̅̅̅ =9
9
𝑥2
𝑥
̅̅̅𝑜𝑓
2 9 = 11 = = 11
9
∑ 𝑥1 = 15 × 9 = 135
∑ 𝑥2 = 11 × 9 = 199
Remaining ∑ 𝑥1 − ∑ 𝑥2 = 135 – 99 = 36
36
𝑥̅30 = = 6
6

Question2
In a moderately skewed distribution, the values of mean & median are 12 &
18 respectively. The value of mode is
(a) 6 (b) 12
(c) 15 (d) 30
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Answer: d
Explanation:
Mean – mode = 3(Mean – Median)
Put the value in this equation
= 12 – mode = 3(12-18)
= 30

Question3
Which of the following is positional average?
(a) Median (b) GM
(c) HM (d) AM
Answer: a
Explanation:
There are two types of positional average: the median and the mode. The median
is the average value of the series in which half values are less than the median
and half the values are greater than the median. The mode, the second positional
average, shows a higher frequency in the series 2.

Question4
For the distribution
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
F 6 9 10 14 12 8
The value of median is
(a) 3.5 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
Answer: c
Explanation:
x f cf
1 6 6
2 9 15
3 10 25
4 14 39
5 12 51
6 8 59
Total 59

𝑁+1
= 30
2
So Median be 4
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Question5
For a symmetric distribution
(a) Mean = Median = Mode (b) Mode = 3 Median – 2
Mean
1
(c) Mode = median =
1
(d) None
3 2
Answer: a
Explanation:
In a symmetric distribution, the mean, mode and median all fall at the same
point. The mode is the most common number and it matches with the highest
peak (the ‘’mode’’ here is the different from the ‘’mode’’ in bimodal or unimodal,
which refers to the number of peaks).

Question6
If = (Ơ𝟐 )𝟏𝟎𝟎 and coefficient of variation = 20% then 𝒙
̅=
(a) 60 (b) 70
(c) 80 (d) 50
Answer: d
Explanation:
Ơ2 = Variance
To find SD = Ơ
SD = √100 = 10
Ơ
Coef. Of V =
𝑥
10
20 = × 100
𝑥
10
𝑥̅ = × 100
20
𝑥̅ = 50

Question7
𝟏 𝑸
Coefficient of quartile deviation is then 𝟑 is
𝟒 𝑸𝟏
5 4
(a) (b)
3 3
3 3
(c) (d)
4 5
Answer: a
Explanation:
1 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
=
4 𝑄3 + 𝑄1
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Talking option a
𝑄3 = 5 &𝑄1 = 3
5−3 2 1
= =
5+3 8 4

Question8
Standard deviation is __________ times of √𝑴𝑫 × 𝑸𝑫
2 4
(a) (b)
3 5
15 8
(c) √ (d) √
8 15
Answer: c
Explanation:
4
MD = SD
5
4SD = 5MD = 6QD
5 6
SD = MD = QD
4 4
5 6 30 15
SD = √ × = √ =√
4 4 16 8

Question9
Standard Deviation of first five natural numbers.
𝑛2 +1 𝑛2 −1
(a) √ (b) √
6 12
𝑛2 −1 𝑛2 −1
(c) √ (d) √
12 6
Answer: b
Explanation:
(1+2+3……+𝑛)
Mean, u =
𝑛
1
∴ u = (𝑛 + 1 )
2
∑(𝒙𝒊 −𝐮)2 ∑ 𝒙𝟐
Variance, σ2= = 𝒊
− 𝑢2
𝑛 𝑛
∑ 𝑛2 1
∴ σ2 − (𝑛 + 1)2
𝑛 2
2
1 𝑛 (𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1) 1
∴ σ2 − ( (𝑛 + 1))
𝑛 𝑛 2

𝑛2 −1
∴ σ2=
12

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Standard Deviation, S.D = √σ2

∴S.D=\sqrt{\dfrac{n^2-1}{12}}

Question10
The Q.D. of 6 numbers 15, 8, 36, 40, 38, 41 is equal to
(a) 12.5 (b) 25
(c) 13.5 (d) 37
Answer: c
Explanation:
𝑛+1 𝑡ℎ 6+1 𝑡ℎ 7 𝑡ℎ
𝑄1 = ( ) of = ( ) of = ( ) of 1.75𝑡ℎ
2 4 4
8+0.75(15-8)
8+5.25
Q1 = 13.25
𝑛+1 𝑡ℎ 𝑛+1 𝑡ℎ 7
Q3 = 3( ) of = 3 ( ) of 3 × = 3 × 1.75 = 5.25
2 2 4
Q3 = 5 of + 0.25(6 – 5 )
th th th

40+0.25(41-40)
Q3 = 40.25
𝑄 −𝑄 40.25−13.25
QD = 3 1 =
2 2
13.5

NOV - 2019
Question1
The approximate ratio of SD, MD, Q D is:
(a) 3:4:5 (b) 2:3:4
(c) 15:12:10 (d) 5:6:7
Answer: c
Explanation:
(c) We know that
4SD = 5MD = 6QD
Net 4SD = 5MD = 6QD = K
So,
𝐾 𝐾 𝐾
SD = , MD = ; QD =
4 5 6
Now, SD: MD: QD
𝐾 𝐾 𝐾
=> ∶ ∶
4 5 6

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30𝐾 24𝐾 20𝐾

=> ∶ ∶ [ LCM 𝑂𝐹 4, 5,6 𝑖𝑠 120]
120 120 120
=> 30:24:20
=> 15:12:10 so,
SD:MD: QD = 15:12:10

Question2
The deviations are minimum when taken from:
(a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Mode (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) The sum of deviations are minimum when taken from median
∑| 𝑥 − 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
∑| 𝑥 − Median | {Minimum}
∑| 𝑥 − Mode

Question3
If the AM & GM of two numbers are 30 and 24 respectively. Find the no’s
(a) 12 and 24 (b) 48 and 12
(c) 30 and 30 (d) 40 and 20
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) Let the two no’s be a and b
AM = 30 GM = 24
𝑎+𝑏
2
= 30 √𝑎𝑏 = 24 (-2)
a + b = 60
a = 60 – b (-1)
put eq 1 in eq 2
√(60 − 𝑏)𝑏 = 24
(on squaring both sides )
(60 – b)b = 576
60b – b2 = 576
𝑏2 – 60 b + 576 = 0
𝑏2 - 48 b – 12 b + 576 = 0
b (b – 48) – 12 (b – 48) = 0
(b-12) (b-48) = 0
b = 12 or b = 48
a = 60 – b a = 60 – 48
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a = 48 a = 12
(12, 48) or (48, 12)
So the two no’s are 48 and 12
# After Method [Do by hit and trial]
i.e. try with the given options whether their AM is 30 and GM 24

Question4
Origin is shifted by 5, what will happen
(a) SD will increase by 5 (b) QD will increase by 5
(c) MD will increase by 5 (d) There will be no change
Answer: d
Explanation:
(d) SD is not affected of remains in changed by shifting of origin.
So here if the origin is shifted by 5 there will be no change in SD.

Question5
Coefficient of variation is equal to:
𝑆𝐷 𝑆𝐷
(a) (b) × 100
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
(c) × 100 (d)
𝑆𝐷 𝑆𝐷
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) In probability theory and statistics the coefficient of variation also known as
relative standard deviation is a standardized measure of dispersion of frequency
distribution.
It is expressed as a percentage and defined as the ratio of SD and mean.
SD
SD so. Coefficient of variation = × 100
Mean

Question6
Find mode of the following date
3-6 6-9 9 - 12 12 - 15 15 - 18 18 – 21
2 5 10 23 21 12

(a) 14 (b) 15
(c) 16.5 (d) 14.6
Answer: d
Explanation:
(c) CI f

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3–6 2
6-9 5
9 – 12 10
12 – 15 23×Modal class
15 – 18 21
18 - 21 12
Since 23 is the highest frequency, so 12 – 15 is the modal class.
So, f1 = 23, f0 = 10, f2 = 21
L1 = 12 i=3
𝑓 −𝑓
Mode = L1 + 1 0 xi
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2

23−10
= 12 + ×3
2(23)−10−21
13
= 12 + × 3
15
= 12 + 2.599
= 14.59
= 14.6 (approx)

Question7
Find SD of the following
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
(a) 2.58 (b)
60
9
(c)
60 (d) 3.20
3
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝑋2 𝑋 2
(a) SD = √ −( )
𝑁 𝑁
Here N = 9
𝑥 2 = 12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + ……. 92
= 285
∑ 𝑋 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9
= =5
𝑁 9
Put in above formula,
285 25
SD = √ −
9 1
√60
SD =
9
SD = √6.67
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SD = 2.58

Question8
If mean = 200 and variance = 80. Find coefficient of variation.
(a) 2.56 (b) 4.47
(c) 32 (d) 0.32
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) We know
𝑆𝐷
CV = × 100
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
CV = √ × 100 SD = √𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
80
CV = √ × 100
200
80
CV = √
2
CV = 4.47 (approx.)

Question9
Which of the following is affected by shifting of scale.
(a) SD (b) MD
(c) QD (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) Since SD, MD, QD are measures of absolute dispersion, So, a change in scale
neither affect SD nor MD and QD.

Question10
Histogram is used for to represent
(a) Mode (b) Median
(c) Percentile (d) Quartile
Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) Histogram is a graphical representation of grouped frequency distribution. It
is used to locate mode. X – axis- class interval y-axis- frequency.

Question11
Coefficient of variation is 80. Mean is 20. Find variance:
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(a) 640 (b) 256

(c) 16 (d) 250
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) We know,
SD
Coefficient of variation (CV) = × 100
Mean
Here mean = 20 ; CV = 80
𝑆.𝐷
80 = × 100
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
S.D. = 16
Variance = (𝑆. 𝐷. )2
Variance = (16)2 = 256

Question12
Find the median of the following.
CI 0 -10 10 -20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 -50
f 2 3 4 5 6

(a) 35 (b) 32
(c) 36 (d) 37.5
Answer: b
Explanation:
CI f c .f
0-10 2 2
10-20 3 5
20-30 4 9
30-40 5 14
40-50 6 20
∑ 𝑓= 20
N = 20
So 30 – 40 is the median class
L, = 30 C =Pre. Cof. of median class
C => 9 F => 5
𝑁
( 2 −𝑐)
Median = 4 + ×𝑖
𝑓
10−9
= 30 + ( ) × 10
5
= 30+2
= 32
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Question13
Difference between upper limit and lower limit of a class is known
(a) Range (b) Class mark
(c) Class size (d) Class boundary
Answer: c
Explanation:
(c) ● Difference between upper limit and lower limit of class is class size.
● Range = Largest value - Smallest value
(𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡+𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 )
● Class mark =
2
● Class boundary = Class interval of exclusive data series.

Question14
Find the made of the following:

0 - 10 10 – 20 - 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60
20
7 14 22 34 20 19

(a) 32 (b) 34.61

(c) 25.42 (d) 35
Answer: b
Explanation:
CI f
0 – 10 7
10 – 20 14
20 – 30 22
30 – 40 34
40 – 50 20
50 - 60 19
Since 34 is the highest frequency so, 30 – 40
F1 = 34 f0 = 22 f2 = 20
i=10
𝑓 −𝑓 ×𝑖
Mode = L1 + 1 0
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2

(34−22)
= 30 + × 10
2×34−22−20

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12
= 30 + × 10
26
= 34.61

Question15
Find the median of the following:
CI 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50
f 5 15 28 10 2

(a) 10.57 (b) 23.57

(c) 25 (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b)
CI f c.f.
0 – 10 5 5
10 – 20 15 20
20 – 30 28 48*
30 – 40 10 58
40 - 50 2 60
∑ 𝑓 = 60
𝑁 60
= = 30
2 2
So 20 – 30 is the median class
L1 = 20 L = 30
C – 20 f – 28
𝑁
( 2 −𝐶)
Median = L1 + ×i
𝑓
(30−20)
= 20 + ×10
28
= 23.57

Question16
∑𝒏𝒊=𝟏(𝒙 − 𝒙𝒊 ) is equal to
̅
(a) x∑𝑛𝑖=1. 𝑥𝑙 ̅)
(b) n (𝑥 ∑𝑛𝑖=1. 𝑥𝑙
(c) 𝑥̅ − 𝑛𝑥̅ (d) zero
Answer: d
Explanation:
(d) ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥 − 𝑥𝑖 )
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Since the sum of deviations about their AM is always zero.

Question17
SD from numbers 1, 4, 5, 7, 8 is 2.45. If 10 is added to each them SD will be:
(a) 12.45 (b) 24.5
(c) 12 (d) will not change
Answer: d
Explanation:
(d) We know a change in origin of SD causes no change in SD
So, New SD = Original SD when 10 will be added
So, SD will not change.

DEC - 2020
Question1
Given the weights for the numbers 1, 2, 3,…….n are respectively 12 , 22 , 32
,…..n2 . Then weighted HM is _____
2𝑛+1 2𝑛+1
(a) (b)
4 6
2𝑛+1 2𝑛+1
(c) (d)
3 2
Answer: c
Explanation:
Since the harmonic mean is the reciprocal of the average of reciprocals, the
formula to define the harmonic mean “HM” is given as follows:
If x1, x2, x3,…, xn are the individual items up to n terms, then,
2𝑛+1
Harmonic Mean, HM = n / [(1/x1) + (1/x2) + (1/x3)+…+(1/xn)]. Hence =
3

Question2
Which measure is suitable for open - end classification?
(a) Median (b) Mean
(c) Mode (d) GM
Answer: a
Explanation:
For open end classification median is the best measure of central tendency.
Median is the most suitable central tendency measure when there are some
extreme scores in data distribution and also when there is a skewed data set.

Question3
50th percentile is equal to _____
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(a) Median (b) Mode

(c) Mean (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
The 50th percentile is generally the median (if you're using the third definition—
see below). The 75th percentile is also called the third quartile. The difference
between the third and first quartiles is the interquartile range.

Question4
For a distribution Mean, Median and Mode are 23, 24 and 25.5 respectively,
then it is most likely ____ skewed distribution
(a) Positively (b) Symmetrical
(c) Asymptotically (d) Negatively
Answer: d
Explanation:
For Negatively skewed means is likely to be less than mode and median

Question5
If any two numbers are in AP, then GM2 = _____
(a) AM x HM (b) AM + HM
(c) M x Z (d) AM x M
Answer: a
Explanation:
The relationship between AM, GM and HM is given by:
AM x HM = GM2

Question6
Two values yielded an arithmetic mean of 24 and a harmonic mean of 6.
The geometric mean of these values is _____
(a) 8 (b) 12
(c) 14 (d) 16
Answer: b
Explanation:
GM = √𝐴𝑀 × 𝐻𝑀
𝐺𝑀 = √24 × 6
𝐺𝑀 = √144
𝐺𝑀 = 12

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Question7
The HM of A and B is 1/3 and HM of C and D is 1/5. Then HM of A, B, C and D
is ______
8 1
(a) (b)
15 4
15 4
(c) (d)
8 15
Answer: d
Explanation:
AB-1/3 & CD-1/5
HM of ABCD = n/2
1 1
+
3 5 𝑛 8 4
( )= =
2 2 30 15

Question8
Which one of these is least affected by extreme values?
(a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Mode (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
Median is the middle most value of a given series that represents the whole class
of the series. So since it is a positional average, it is calculated by observation of a
series and not through the extreme values of the series which. Therefore, median
is not affected by the extreme values of a series.

Question9
Ten matches’ data is given. Then which of the following cannot be found?
(a) Least Score (b) Highest Score
(c) Best Score (d) Median Score
Answer: c
Explanation:
From Best Score method we can do this

Question10
If the AM and HM of two numbers are 6 and 9 respectively, then GM is______
(a) 7.35 (b) 8.5
(c) 6.75 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:

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We know the relation between Arithmetic Mean, Harmonic Mean, and Geometric
Mean of Two Numbers:
A.M. × H.M. = (G.M.)2
⇒G.M. = 7.35 .

Question11
Which of the following measure of dispersion is based on absolute
deviations?
(a) Range (b) SD
(c) Mean Deviation (d) Quartile Deviation
Answer: c
Explanation:
The Mean Deviation gives more information than range or the Quartile Deviation
as it is based on all the observed values. The Mean Deviation does not give undue
weight to occasional large deviations, so it should likely to be used in situation
where such deviations are likely to occur.

JAN - 2021
Question1
From the records on sizes of shoes sold in a shop, one can compute the
following to determine the most preferred shoe size.
(a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Mode (d) Range
Answer: c
Explanation:
The number which appears most often in a set of numbers. Example: in {6, 3, 9, 6,
6, 5, 9, 3} the Mode is 6

Question2
Which of the following measure does not possess mathematical properties?
(a) Arithmetic mean (b) Geometric mean
(c) Harmonic mean (d) Median
Answer: d
Explanation:
Median Properties - The median value is fixed by its position and is not reflected
by the individual value. The distance between the median and the rest of the
values is less than the distance from any other point. Every array has a single
median. Median cannot be manipulated algebraically. Hence, Median does not

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possess mathematical properties

Question3
If y = 3 + (4.5) x and the mode for x-value is 20, then the mode for y-value is
(a) 3.225 (b) 12
(c) 24.5 (d) 93
Answer: d
Explanation:
y = 3+(4.5)x
x is 20
y = 3+4.5 × 20
y = 93
Because Mode is affected by change of origin & scale both

Question4
If there are two groups with n1 and n2 observations and H1 and H2 are
respective harmonic means, then the harmonic mean of combined
observations is
𝑛 𝐻 +𝑛 𝐻 𝑛 𝐻 +𝑛 𝐻
(a) 1 1 2 2 (b) 1 1 2 2
𝑛1 +𝑛2 𝐻1 +𝐻2
𝑛1 +𝑛2 (𝑛1 +𝑛2 )𝐻1 𝐻2
(c) (d)
𝑛1 𝐻1 +𝑛2 𝐻2 𝑛1 𝐻2 +𝑛2 𝐻1
Answer: d
Explanation:
(𝑛1 + 𝑛2 )𝐻1 𝐻2
𝑛1 𝐻2 + 𝑛2 𝐻1

Question5
The best statistical measure used for comparing two series is
(a) Mean absolute deviation (b) Range
(c) Certificate of variation (d) Standard deviation
Answer: c
Explanation:
The coefficient of standard deviation is calculated by dividing the standard
deviation of the series by its mean and then multiplying it by 100. It is regarded
as the best measure of dispersion to compare two different series because it is
expressed in percentage.

Question6

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The relationship between P-series and Q-series is given by 2P – 3Q – 10. If

the range of P – series is 18. What would be the range of Q?
(a) 10 (b) 15
(c) 9 (d) 12
Answer: d
Explanation:

Question7
It is given that the mean (𝐗̅) is 10 and standard deviation (s.d.) is 3.2. If the
observations are increased by 4, then the new mean and standard
deviations are:
(a) 𝑥̅ = 10, s.d. = 7.2 (b) 𝑥̅ = 10, s.d. = 3.2
(c) 𝑥̅ = 14, s.d. = 3.2 (d) 𝑥̅ = 14, s.d. = 7.2
Answer: d
Explanation:
𝑥̅ + 4 = 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑥̅ = 10 + 4 = 14
Mean is affect by change in origin
S.D. = 𝜎 + 4
S.D. = 3.2 + 4 = 3.2
as SD is not affected by change of origin

Question8
Which one of the following is a relative measure of dispersion?
(a) Range (b) Mean deviation
(c) Standard deviation (d) Coefficient of quartile deviation
Answer: d
Explanation:
The relative Measures of dispersion are: Coefficient of Variation, Coefficient of
Quartile Deviation, Coefficient of Mean Deviation

Question9
Find the coefficient of mean deviation about mean for the data: 5, 7, 8, 10,
11, 13, 19
(a) 17.28 (b) 28.57
(c) 32.12 (d) 18.56
Answer: c
Explanation:

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5 + 7 + 8 + 10 + 11 + 13 + 19 54
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 (𝒙
̅) = = = 7.714
7 7

|𝒙𝒊 − 𝒙
̅|
5 2.271
7 0.714
8 0.29
10 2.29
11 3.29
13 5.29
∑|𝒙𝒊 − 𝒙
̅| 14.15

NOTE: The correct Ans is: 32.12

July - 2021

Question 1
Expenditures of a company (in Million Rupees) per item in various Years
Year Item of Expenditures
Salary Fuel and Bonus Interest on Taxes
Transport Loans
1998 288 98 3.00 23.4 83
1999 342 112 2.52 32.5 108
2000 324 101 3.84 41.6 74
2001 336 133 3.68 36.4 88
2002 420 142 3.96 49.4 98
What is average amount of interest per year which the company had to pay
during this period?
(a) 33.66 (b) 36.66
(c) 31.66 (d) 39.66
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
23.4+32.5+41.6+36.4+49.4
Average Interest =
5
= 36.66

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Question 2
There are n numbers. When 50 is subtracted from each of these numbers
the sum of the numbers so obtained is -10. When 46 is subtracted from each
of the original n numbers, then the sum of numbers, so obtained is 70. What
is the mean of the original n numbers?
(a) 56.8 (b) 25.7
(c) 49.5 (d) 53.8
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
∑(xi − 50) = −10

∑ xi − ∑ 50 = −10
nx̅ – 50 n = - 10
and
∑(xi − 46) = 70 _______________ (i)
∑ xi − ∑ 46 = 70 [∑ xi = 𝑛x̅]
nx̅ – 46 n = 70
eq (2) _________ eq (1) _______________ (2)
nx̅ – 46n = - 70
nx̅ – 50n = - 10
- + +
4n = 80
n = 20
n = 20 in eq (1)
20x̅ – 50 × 20 = - 10
20x̅ – 1000 = - 10
20x̅ – 10 + 1000
20 x̅ = 990
990
x̅ =
20
x̅ = 49.5

Question 3
The mean of ‘n’ observation is ‘X’. If k is added to each observation, then the
new mean is __
(a) X (b) XK
(c) X - K (d) X + K
Answer: Options (d)
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Explanation:
Let us take n observation X1.........Xn
If ̅
X be the mean of the n observation, then we have
̅ = 1 ∑ni=1 Xi
X
n
➔ ∑ni=1 Xi = nX ̅
Add a constant k to each of the observations. Then the observations becomes
Xi + k, ....., 𝑋𝑛 + K
If 𝑌̅ be the mean of the new observations. Then the observations becomes
1
𝑌̅ = ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑋𝑖 + 𝑘 )
𝑛
1 1
= ∑ni=1 Xi + ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑘
𝑛 𝑛
1
̅
= X + . nk
𝑛
̅
=X+k

Question 4
If y = 3 + 1.9 x, and mode of x is 15, then the mode of y is:
(a) 15.9 (b) 27.8
(c) 35.7 (d) 31.5
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation
If y = 3 + 1.9x
Then mode of y = 3 + 1.9 (mode of x)
= 3 + 1.9 × 15
= 3 + 28.5
= 31. 5

Question 5
The mean deviation of the numbers 3, 10, 6, 11, 14,17,9,8,12 about the
mean is (correct to one decimal place)
(a) 8.7 (b) 4.2
(c) 3.1 (d) 9.8
Answer: Options (c)

Question 6
The standard deviation of 1 to 9 natural number is____
(a) 6.65 (b) 2.58
(c) 6.75 (d) 5.62
Answer: Options (b)
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Explanation:
n2 −1
S.D of first `n’ natural No. = √
12
Here n = 9
92 −1
S.D = √
12
81−1
=√
12
80
==√
12
= 2.58

Question 7
The probable value of mean deviation when Q3 = 40 and Q1 = 15 is___
(a) 15 (b) 18.75
(c) 17.50 (d) 0
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation:
Q3=40 Q1=15
QD= Q3-Q1 / 2
QD= 40-15 / 2
=25 / 2
=12.5
WKT, 6QD=5MD=4SD
MD= 6 * 12.5 /5
MD=15

Question 8
If the numbers are 5, 1, 8, 7, 2, then the coefficient of variation is
(a) 56.13% (b) 59.13%
(c) 48.13% (d) 44.13%
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
Given data`s are
1, 2, 5, 7, 8
∑ 𝑥 1+2+5+7+8 23
Mean (x̅) = = = = 4.6
𝑛 5 5
For S.D
x A D = (x – A) 0 d2
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1 5 -4 16
2 5 -3 9
5 5 0 0
7 5 2 4
8 5 3 9
N=5 ∑ d = −2 ∑ d2 = 38
∑d 2 ∑d 382 (−2) 2
S.D = √ − ( ) =√ − ( )
N N 5 5
= √7.60 − 0.16
= √7.44 = 2.7276
Coeff of variation
S.D
(C.V) = × 100
A.M
2.7276
= × 100
4.6
= 59.13%

Question 9
If every observation is increased by 7 then
(a) Standard Deviation (b) Mean deviation increases by
increases by 7 7
(c) Not affected at all (d) Quartile Deviation increases
by 7
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
By shifting the origin S.D, M.D, Q.D and range does not changed.
So if every observation is increased by 7 then M.D, S.D, and Q.D. is not changed

Question 10
If a school has 14 teachers, their heights (in cm) are:
172, 173, 164, 178, 168, 169, 173, 172, 173, 164, 178, 168, 169, 173, then
average deviation of this data is
(a) 2.43 approx. (b) 3.93 approx.
(c) 3.43 approx. (d) 2.92 approx.
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
x A ⨐ ⃦ = (x − A)
164 |7| +7
164 |7| +7
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168 |7| +3
168 |7| +3
169 |7| +2
169 |7| +2
172 |7| 1
172 |7| 1
173 |7| 2
173 |7| 2
173 |7| 2
173 |7| 2
178 |7| 7
178 |7| 7
N = 14 ∑|𝑑| = 48
∑|d|
Average deviation =
N
48
= = 3.43
14

Question 11
If the relationship between x and y is given by 2x + 3y = 10 and the range of
y is 10, then what is the range of x?
(a) 10 (b) 18
(c) 8 (d) 15
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation:
Given equation
2x + 3y = 10
2x + 3y – 10 = 0
coeff of x 2
b=- = −
coeff of y 3
Range of y - |b|Range of x
−2
10 = | | × Range of x
3
2
10 = × Range of x
3
3
Range of x = 10 × = 15
2

Question 12
If CLOCK is coded as 34235 and TIME as 8679 the MOTEL is coded as _____
(a) 27894 (b) 72964
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(c) 72894 (d) 77684

Answer: Option (c)
Explanation:
C L O C K T I M E M O T E L

34 2 3 5 8 6 7 9 7 2 8 9 4

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CHAPTER - 15
PROBABILITY

PROBABILITY The terms 'Probably' 'in all likelihood', 'chance', 'odds

in favor', 'odds against' are too familiar nowadays and
they have their origin in a branch of Mathematics.

RANDOM EXPERIMENT An experiment is defined to be random if the results

of the experiment depend on chance only.

Experiment An experiment may be described as a performance

that produces certain results.

Theresultsoroutcomesofarandomexperimentarekno
wnasevents.Sometimes events may be combination of
Events outcomes. The events are of two types:
(i) Simple or Elementary,
(ii) Composite or Compound

Mutually Exclusive
A set of events A1, A2, A3, …… is known to be
Events or Incompatible
mutually exclusive if not more than one of them can
Events occur simultaneously

Exhaustive Events The events A1, A2, A3, are known to form an
exhaustive set if one of these events must necessarily
occur.

Equally Likely Events or The events of a random experiment are known to be

Mutually Symmetric equally likely when all necessary evidence are taken
Events or Equi-Probable into account, no event is expected to occur more
Events frequently as compared to the other events of the set
of events.

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CLASSICAL DEFINITION The probability of occurrence of the event A is

OF PROBABILITY OR A defined as the ratio of the number of events
PRIORDEFINITION Favorable to A to the total number of events.
Denoting this by P (A), we have.
P(A)= No. of equally likely events Favorable
to A
Total no. of equally likely events
Theprobabilityofaneventliesbetween0and1, both
(a)
inclusive.
When P (A) = 0, A is known to be an impossible event
and when P (A) = 1, A is known to be a sure event.
(b) Non-occurrence of event A is denoted by A’ or
AC The event A along with its complimentary A’
forms a set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive
events i.e.,
P(A) + P (A’) =1
P(A’) = 1 -P(A)
(c) The ratio of no. of favorable events to the no.
of unfavorable events is known as odds in
favor of the event A and its inverse ratio is
known as odds against the event A i.e.,
REMEBERANCE odds in favor of A = mA : (m – mA)
POINT & FORMULA and odds against A = (m – mA) :mA
(d) For any two mutually exclusive events A and
B, the probability that either A or B occurs is
given by the sum of individual probabilities
of A and B i.e.,
P (A +B)
P(A + B) = P(A) + P(B)
(e) For any K( + 2) mutually exclusive events A1,
A2, A3 …, AK the probability that at least one
of them occurs is given by the sum of the
individual probabilities of the events i.e.,
P(A1 +A2 +… +AK) = P(A1) + P(A2) +
…. P(AK)
(f) For any two events A and B, the probability
that either A or B occurs is given by the sum
of individual probabilities of A and B less the
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probability of simultaneous occurrence of the

events A and B i.e.,
P (A +B) = P(A) + P(B) – P (A
+B)
(g) For any three events A, B and C, the
probability that at least one of the events
occurs is given by
P (A +B +C) = P(A) + P(B) +
P(C) – P(A +B) – P(A +C) – P(B
+C)+ P(A +B +C)
(h) For any two events A and B, the probability
that A and B occur simultaneously is given by
the product of the unconditional probability
of A and the conditional probability of B given
that A has already occurred i.e.,
P (A *B) = P(A)×P(B/A) Provided
P(A) >0
(i) Compound Probability or Joint Probability
P(B/A) P(B
= + A)= P(A + B)
P(A) P(A)

GRAPHICAL
FORMULA OF
PROBABILITY

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Question 1
What is the chance of picking a spade or an ace not of spade from
a pack of 52 cards?
4 4
(a) (b)
13 14
15 6
(c) (d)
13 13
Answer: a
Explanation:
A pack of 52 cards contain 13 spades, 13 Hearts, 13 Clubs and 13
Diamonds. Each of these groups of 13 cards has an ace. Hence the total
number of elementary events is 52 out of which 13 + 3 or 16 are
favorable to the event. A representing picking a space or an ace not of
spade. This we have
16 4
P (A) = =
52 13

Question 2
A committee of 7 members is to be formed form a group
comprising 8 gentlemen and 5 ladies. What is the probability that
the committee would comprise: 2 ladies.
140 14
(a) (b)
429 429
(c)
10
(d) None
49
Answer: a
Explanation:
Since there is altogether 8 + 5 or 13 persons, committee 7 members
can be formed in
13! 13×12×11×10×9×8!
13𝐶7 Or or or 11 × 12 × 13 ways.
7!6! 7!×6×5×4×3×2×1
When the committee is formed taking 2 ladies out of 5 ladies, the
remaining (7-2) or 5 committee members are to be selected from 8
gentlemen. Now 2 out of 5 ladies can be selected in 5𝐶2 ways and 5 out
of 8 gentlemen can be selected in 8𝐶5 ways. Thus if A denotes the event
of having the committee with 2 ladies, then A can occur in 5𝐶2 × 8𝐶5 OR
10 × 56 Ways thus,
10×56 140
P (A) =
11×12×13 429

Question 3
What if in above questions 2. 2 ladies be replacing by at least 2
ladies?
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92 32
(a) (b)
429 29
(c)
392
(d) None
429
Answer: c
Explanation:
Since the minimum number of ladies is 2, we can have the following
combinations:
Population: 8G + 5L
Sample 2L + 5G
or 3L + 4G
or 4L + 3G
or 5L + 2G
Thus if B denotes the event of having at least two ladies in the
committee, then B can occur in5𝐶2 × 8𝐶5 + 5𝐶3 × 8𝐶4 + 5𝐶4 × 8𝐶3 + 5𝐶5 +
8𝐶2 i.e. 1568 ways.
1568 392
Hence P (A) = =
11 ×12 ×13 429

Question 4
A bag contains 2 red, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are
drawn at random. What is the probability that none of the balls
drawn is blue?
10 11
(a) (b)
21 21
2 5
(c) (d)
7 7
Answer: a
Explanation:
Total number of balls = (2 + 3 + 2) = 7.
Let S be the sample space.
Then, n(S) = Number of ways of drawing 2 balls out of 7
= 7𝐶 2
(7×6)
= (2×1)
= 21.
LET e = Event of drawing 2 balls, none of which is blue.
n (E) = Number of ways of drawing 2 balls out of (2 + 3) balls.
= 5c2
(5×4)
= (2×1)
= 10.

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𝑛(𝐸) 10
 P (E) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 21

Question 5
In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is
picked up randomly. What is the probability that it is neither red
nor green?
1 3
(a) (b)
3 4
7 8
(c) (d)
19 21
Answer: a
Explanation:
Total number of balls = (8 + 7 + 6) = 21.
𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑛
𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒.
n (E) = 7.
𝑛(𝐸) 7 1
 P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 21 3

Question 6
What is the probability of getting a sum 9 from two throws of a
dice?
1 1
(a) (b)
6 8
1 1
(c) (d)
9 12
Answer: c
Explanation:
In two throws a dice n(S) = (6 × 6) = 36.
Let E = event of getting a sum = {(3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3)}
𝑛(𝐸) 4 1
 P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 9

Question 7
Three unbiased coins are tossed. What is the probability of
getting at most two heads?
3 1
(a) (b)
4 4
3 7
(c) (d)
8 8
Answer: d
Explanation:
Here S = {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT, HHH}
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Let E = event of getting at most heads.

Then E = {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, THH, HTH, HHT}.
𝑛(𝐸) 7
 P (E) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 8

Question 8
Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability of
getting two numbers whose product is even?
1 3
(a) (b)
2 4
3 5
(c) (d)
8 16
Answer: b
Explanation:
In a simultaneously throw of two dice. We have n(S) = (6 × 6) = 36.
Then E = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3,
2), (3, 4), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 2), (5,, 4),
(5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
n (E) = 27.
𝑛(𝐸) 27 3
p (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 4

Question 9
In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. Three students are
selected at random. The probability that 1 girl and 2 boys are
selected is:
21 25
(a) (b)
46 117
1 3
(c) (d)
50 25
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let S be the sample space and E be the event selecting 1 girl and 2
boys.
Then, n (S) = Number Ways of selecting 3 student out of 25
= 25𝐶3
(25×24×23)
=
(3×2×1)
= 2300
n∊ = (10𝐶1 × 15𝐶2 )
(15×14)
= [10 × ]
2×1
= 1050.
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𝑛(𝐸) 1050 21
P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 2300 46

Question 10
In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks. A lottery is drawn
at random. What is the probability of getting a prize?
1 2
(a) (b)
10 5
2 5
(c) (d)
7 7
Answer: c
Explanation:
10 10 2
P (getting a prize) = = =
(10+26) 35 7

Question 11
From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn together at
random. What is the probability of both the cards being kings?
1 25
(a) (b)
15 57
1 35
(c) (d)
221 256
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let S be the sample space.
(52×51)
Then, n(S) = 52c2 = (2×1) = 1326.
Let E = event of getting 2 kings out of 4.
(4×3)
n (E) = 4C2 = (2×1) = 6.
𝑛(𝐸) 6 1
 P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 1326 221

Question 12
Two dice are tossed. The probability that the total score is a
prime number is:
1 5
(a) (b)
6 12
1 7
(c) (d)
2 9
Answer: b
Explanation:
Clearly, n(S) = (6×6) = 36.
Let E = Event that the sum is a prime number.

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Then E = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4,
1), (4, 3), (5, 2), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 5)}
n (E) = 15.
𝑛(𝐸) 15 5
 P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 12

Question 13
A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability of
getting a queen of club or a king of heart is:
1 2
(a) (b)
13 13
1 1
(c) (d)
26 52
Answer: c
Explanation:
Here, n(S) = 52.
Let E = event of getting a queen of club or a king of heart.
Then, n (E) = 2.
𝑛(𝐸) 2 1
 P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 52 26

Question 14
Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52 cards. The
probability that one is a spade and one is a heart, is:
3 29
(a) (b)
20 34
47 13
(c) (d)
100 102
Answer: d
Explanation:
Let S be the sample space.
(52×51)
Then, n(S) = 52C2 = (2×1) = 1326.
Let E = event of getting 1 spade and 1 heart.
 N (E) = number of ways of choosing 1 spade out of 13 and 1 heart
out of 13
= (13C1 × 13C1)
= (13 × 13)
= 169.
𝑛(𝐸) 169 13
 P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 1326 102

Question 15

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One card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the

probability that the card drawn is a face card (jack, Queen, and
King only)?
1 3
(a) (b)
13 13
1 9
(c) (d)
4 52
Answer: b
Explanation:
Clearly, there are 52 cards out of which there are 12 face cards.
15 3
 P (getting a face card) = =
52 13

Question 16
A bag contains 6 black and 8 white balls; one ball is drawn at
random. What is the probability that the ball drawn is white?
3 4
(a) (b)
4 7
1 3
(c) (d)
8 7
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let number of balls = (6 + 8) = 14.
Number of white balls = 8.
8 4
P (drawing a white ball) = =
14 7

Question 17
A bag contains 6 white and 4 black balls, 2 balls are drawn at
random. Find the probability that they are of same colour.
1 7
(a) (b)
2 15
8 1
(c) (d)
15 9
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let S be the Sample space
Then n(S) = no of ways drawing 2 balls out of (6+4)
= 10C2= 45
Let E = event of getting both balls of same colour
Then, n (E) = no of ways (2 balls out of six) or (2 balls out of 4)
= 6C2+4C2
= 15+6 = 21

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𝑛(𝐸) 21 7
Therefore, P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 45 15

Question 18
A problem is given to three students whose chance of solving is
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
are , and respectively what is the probability that the
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
problem will be solved?
1 1
(a) (b)
4 2
3 7
(c) (d)
4 12
Answer: c
Explanation:
̅, B
Let A, B, C be the respective events solving the problem and A ̅, C̅be
the respective events of not solving the problem. Then A, B, C are
independent event
A̅, B̅, C̅are independents events
1 1 1
Now P (A) = , P (B) = and P(C) =
2 3 4
1 2 3
̅) = , P (B)
P (A ̅̅̅ = , P (C̅)
2 3 4
 P (none solves the problem) = P (not A) and (not B) and (not C)
̅ՈB
= P (A ̅ՈC̅)
̅) P (B
= P (A ̅) P (C̅) [∵ A
̅, B
̅, C̅ are Independent]
1 2 3
= × ×
2 3 4
1
=
4
Hence, P (the problem will be solved) = 1 – P (none solves the
problem)
1 3
= 1- =
4 4

Question 19
Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards what is
the probability that either both are black or both are queen?
52 55
(a) (b)
221 190
55 19
(c) (d)
221 221
Answer: c
Explanation:
52×51
We have n(s) = 52C2= = 1326.
2×1
Let A = event of getting both black cards
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B = event of getting both queens

AՈB = event of getting queen of black cards
52 ×51
n (A) = = 26C2 = 325.
2 ×1
26 ×25 4×3
n (B) = = = 6 and
2 ×1 2×1
n (AՈB) = 4C2 = 1
𝑛(𝐴) 325
P (A) = = ;
𝑛(𝑆) 1326
𝑛(𝐵) 6
P (B) = = and
𝑛(𝑠) 1326
n(AՈB) 1
P (AՈB) = =
n(S) 1326
(325+6−1) 330 55
P (AՍB) = P (A) + P (B) – P (AՈB) = = =
1326 1326 221

Question 20
Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is
drawn at random. What is the probability that the ticket drawn
has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 5?
1 3
(a) (b)
2 5
9 8
(c) (d)
20 15
Answer: c
Explanation:
Here, S = {1, 2, 3, 4… 19, 20}
Let E = event of getting multiple of 3 or 5 = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 5, 10,
20}.
n(E) 9
P (E) = = .
n(s) 20

Question 21
Two dice are tossed. The probability that the total score is a
prime number is:
5 1
(a) (b)
12 6
1 7
(c) (d)
2 9
Answer: a
Explanation:
Clearly, n(S) = (6×6) = 36.
Let E = Event that the sum is a prime number.
Then E = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4,
1), (4, 3), (5, 2), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 5)}
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n (E) = 15.
𝑛(𝐸) 15 5
P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 12

Question 22
A man and his wife appear in an interview for two vacancies in
𝟏
the same post. The probability of husband’s selection is ( ) and
𝟕
𝟏
the probability of wife’s selection is ( ). What is the probability
𝟓
that only one of them is selected?
2 1
(a) (b)
7 7
3 4
(c) (d)
4 5
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let A = Event that the husband the selected
And B = Event that the wife is selected
1 1
Then, P (A) = and P (B) =
7 5
1 6 4 4
 P (𝐴̅) = (1 − ) = and P (𝐵̅) = (1 − ) =
7 7 5 5
Required probability = P [(A and not B) or (B and not A)]
= p [(A and𝐵̅) or (B and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴)]
= p [(A and𝐵̅) + P (B and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴)]
1 4 1 6 10 2
= P (A)-P(𝐵̅)+P (B)-P(𝐴̅) = ( × )+( × ) = =
7 5 5 7 35 7

Question 23
A bag contains 4 white, 5 red and 6 blue balls, three balls are
drawn at random from the bag. The probability that all of them
are red is:
2 1
(a) (b)
91 22
3 2
(c) (d)
22 77
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let S be the sample space.
Then, n(S) = number of ways of drawing 3 balls out of 15
15×14×13
= 15C3 = = 455.
3×2×1
Let E = event of getting all the 3 red balls.

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5×4
n (E) = 5C3= = 10.
2×1
𝑛(𝐸) 10 2
=> P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑠) 455 91

Question 24
In a lottery, there are 10 prizes and 25 blanks; A lottery is drawn
at random. What is the probability of getting a prize?
2 1
(a) (b)
7 5
1 1
(c) (d)
5 2
Answer: a
Explanation:
Total number of outcomes possible, n(S) = 10 + 25 = 35
P (E) = n (E)/n(S) = 10/35 = 2/7

Question 25
In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. Three students are
selected at random. The probability that 1 girl and 2 boys are
selected is:
21 1
(a) (b)
46 5
3 1
(c) (d)
25 50
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let, S – sample space E – event of selecting 1 girl and 2 boys.
Then, n(S) = Number ways of selecting 3 students out of 25
= 25C3 = 2300.
n (E) = 10C1×15C2= 1050.
𝑛(𝐸) 1050 21
 P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 2300 46

Question 26
What is the probability of getting 53 Mondays in a leap year?
1 3
(a) (b)
7 7
2 2
(c) (d)
7 7
Answer: c
Explanation:
1 year = 365 days. A leap year has 366 days
A year has 52 weeks. Hence there will be 52 Sundays for sure.

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52 weeks = 52×7 = 364days

366 – 364 = 2 days
In a leap year there will be 52 Sundays and 2 days will be left.
These 2 days can be:
1. Sunday, Monday
2. Monday, Tuesday
3. Tuesday, Wednesday
4. Wednesday, Thursday
5. Thursday, Friday
6. Friday, Saturday
7. Saturday, Sunday
Of these total 7 outcomes, the favorable outcomes are 2.
2
Hence the probability of getting 53 days =
7

Question 27
Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability that the
sum of the number on the two faces is divided by 4 or 6?
7 14
(a) (b)
18 35
8 7
(c) (d)
18 35
Answer: a
Explanation:
Clearly, n(S) = 6×6 = 36
Let E be the event that the sum of the b=numbers on the two faces is
divided by 4 or 6, Then, E = {(1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3,
3), (3, 5), (4, 2), (4, 4), (5,, 1), (5, 3), (6,, 2), (6, 6)}
n (E) = 14.
𝑛(𝐸) 14 7
Hence, P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 18

Question 28
One card is drawn at random from pack of 52 cards. What is the
probability that the card drawn is face card (Jack, Queen and king
only)?
3 1
(a) (b)
13 13
3 9
(c) (d)
52 52
Answer: a
Explanation:

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Clearly, there are 52 cards, out of which there are 12 face cards.
12 3
P (getting a face card) = = .
52 13

Question 29
Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52 cards. The
probability that one is a spade and one is a heart, is:
3 29
(a) (b)
20 34
47 13
(c) (d)
100 102
Answer: d
Explanation:
Let S be the sample space.
(52×51)
Then, n(S) = 52C2 = (2×1) = 1326
Let E = event of getting 1 spade and 1 heart.
n (E) = number of ways of choosing 1 spade out of 13 and 1 heart out
of 13
= 13C1×13C1= 169.
𝑛(𝐸) 169 13
P (E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 1326 102

Question 30
A bag contains 6 black and 8 white balls; one ball is drawn at
random. What is the probability that the ball drawn is white?
3 4
(a) (b)
7 7
1 3
(c) (d)
8 4
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let number of balls = (6+8) = 14.
Number of white balls = 8
8 4
P (drawing a white ball) = = .
14 7

Question 31
In a class 30% of the students offered English, 20% offered Hindi
and 10% offered both. If a student is selected at random. What is
the probability that he, has offered English or Hindi?
1 3
(a) (b)
2 4
4 2
(c) (d)
5 5
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Answer: d
Explanation:
30 3 20 1 10 1
P (E) = = , P (H) = = and P (E Ո H) = =
100 10 100 5 100 10
P (E OR H) = P (E Ս H)
= P (E) + P (H) – P (E Ո H)
3 1 1 4 2
=( + − )= =
10 5 10 10 5

Question 32
If two letters are taken at random from the word HOME.What is
the probability that none of the letters would be vowels?
1 1
(a) (b)
6 2
1 1
(c) (d)
3 4
Answer: a
Explanation:
P (first letter is not vowel) = 2/4
P (second letter is not vowel) = 1/3
So, probability that none of the letters would be vowels is = 2/4*1/3 =
1/6

Question 33
Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. The
probability that both are the cards of space is
1 1
(a) (b)
26 4
(c)
1
(d) None of these
17
Answer: c
Explanation:
13𝑐 13.12 1
Required probability = 2 = =
52𝑐2 52.51 17

Question 33
5 boys and 5 girls are sitting in a row randomly. The probability
that boys and girls sit alternatively is:
5 1
(a) (b)
126 126
4 6
(c) (d)
126 125
Answer: b
Explanation:
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Let n = total no. of ways = 10!

m = favorable no. of ways = 2 × 5! .5!
Since the boys and girls can sit alternately in 5!.5! Ways if began with a
boy and similarly they can sit alternately in 5!.5! Ways if we begin
with a girl
𝑚 2×5!5! 2×5! 1
Hence, required probability = = = =
𝑛 10! 10×9×8×7×6 126

Question 34
Fifteen persons among whom are A and B, sit down at random at
a round table. The probability that there are 4 persons between A
and B, is
1 2
(a) (b)
3 3
2 1
(c) (d)
7 7
Answer: d
Explanation:
Let A occupy any seat at the round table. Then there are 14 seats
available for B. If there are to be four persons between A and B
Then B has only two ways to sit, as show in the fig. hence required
2 1
probability =
14 7

Question 35
From eighty cards numbered 1 to 80, two cards are selected
randomly. The probability that both the cards have the numbers
divisible by 4 is given by
21 19
(a) (b)
316 316
(c)
1
(d) None
4
Answer: b
Explanation:
Total numbers of ways = 80𝑐2 and favorable ways = 20𝑐2
80𝑐2 19
Required probability P = =
20𝑐2 316

Question 36
A bag contains 8 red and 7 black balls. Two balls are drawn at
random. The probability that both the balls are of the same
colour is

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14 11
(a) (b)
15 15
7 4
(c) (d)
15 15
Answer: c
Explanation:
Required probability = either thee balls are red or the balls are black
8𝑐2 7𝑐 28+21
+ 2 =
15𝑐2 15𝑐2 105
49 7
=
105 15

Question 37
5 persons A, B, C, D and E are in queue of a shop. The probability
that A and E always together, is:
1 2
(a) (b)
4 3
2 3
(c) (d)
5 5
Answer: c
Explanation:
Total number of ways = 5!
Favorable number of ways 2.4!
Hence required probability
2.4! 2
=
5! 5

Question 38
A drawer contains 5 brown socks and 4 blue socks well mixed. A
man reaches the drawer pulls out 2 socks at random. What is the
probability that they match?
4 5
(a) (b)
9 8
5 7
(c) (d)
9 12
Answer: a
Explanation:
Out of 9 socks, 2 can be drawn in 9𝑐2 ways.
Two socks drawn from the drawer will match if either both are brown
of both are blue.
5𝑐2 + 4𝑐2
5𝑐2 +4𝑐2 4
Hence the required probability = =
9𝑐2 9

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Question 39
Ten students are seated at random is a row. The probability that
two particular students are not seated side by side is
4 3
(a) (b)
5 5
2 1
(c) (d)
5 5
Answer: a
Explanation:
Total ways = 10!
Two boys can sit by side in 2 × 9! Ways.
2×9! 1
So probability = =
10! 5
1 4
Thus the probability that they are not seated together is 1 - =
5 5

Question 40
A fair coin is tossed 100 times. The probability of getting tails and
odd number of times is
1 1
(a) (b)
2 8
(c)
3
(d) None
8
Answer: a
Explanation:
The total number of cases are 2100
The number of favorable ways100𝑐1 + 100 𝑐3 + … + 100 𝑐99 = 2100- 1 =
299
299 1
= =
2100 2

Question 41
Three cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What
is the chance of drawing three aces?
3 2
(a) (b)
5525 5525
(c)
1
(d) None
5525
Answer: c
Explanation:
4𝐶 3 1
Required probability is =
52𝑐3 5525

Question 42

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A bag contains 4 white, 5 red and 6 green balls. Three balls are
picked up randomly. The probability that a white, a red and a
green ball is drawn is
15 30
(a) (b)
91 31
20 24
(c) (d)
91 91
Answer: d
Explanation:
4.5.6 24
Required probability = =
15𝑐3 91

Question 43
Two numbers are selected randomly from the set S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6} without replacement one by one. The probability that
minimum of the two numbers is less than 4 is
1 14
(a) (b)
15 15
1 4
(c) (d)
5 5
Answer: d
Explanation:
Total ways = 2! 6𝑐3 = 30
Favorable cases = 30-6 = 24
24 4
Required probability = =
30 5

Question 44
A bag contains 5 black balls, 4 white balls and 3 red balls. If a ball
is selected random wise, the probability that it is a black or red
ball is
1 1
(a) (b)
3 4
5 2
(c) (d)
12 3
Answer: d
Explanation:
5𝑐1 + 3𝑐 2
P (Black or Red) = 1
=
12𝑐1 3

Question 45

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In a lottery there were 90 tickets numbered 1 to 90. Five tickets

were drawn at random. The probability that two of the tickets
drawn numbers 15 and 89 is
2 2
(a) (b)
801 623
1 1
(c) (d)
267 623
Answer: a
Explanation:
88𝑐 2
Required probability = 3 =
90𝑐5 801

Question 46
A bag contains 3 red, 4 white, and 5 black balls. Three balls are
drawn at random. The probability of being their different colors
is
3 2
(a) (b)
11 11
(c)
8
(d) None
11
Answer: a
Explanation:
3𝑐1 ×4𝑐 ×5
1 𝑐1 3
Probability = =
12𝑐3 11

Question 47
Dialing a telephone number an old man forgets the last two digits
remembering only that these are different dialed at random. The
probability that the number is dialed correctly, is
1 1
(a) (b)
45 90
1 1
(c) (d)
100 80
Answer: b
Explanation:
There are 10 digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
The last two digits can be dialed in 10𝑃2 = 90 ways.
Out of which only one way is favorable. Thus the required probability
1
=
90

Question 48

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Two friends A and B have equal number of daughters. There are

three cinema tickets which are to be distributed among the
daughters of A and B. The probability that all tickets go to
daughters to A and B. The probability that all the tickets go to
𝟏
daughters of A is, . The numbers of daughters each of them have
𝟐𝟎
is
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d)3
Answer: d
Explanation:
Let each of the friend have x daughters. Then the probability that all
𝑥𝐶
the tickets go to the daughters of A is 3
2𝑋𝐶3
𝑥𝑐3 1
Therefore = =
2𝑥𝑐3 20

Question 49
From a class of 12 girls and 18 boys, two students are chosen
randomly. What is the probability that both of them are girls?
22 13
(a) (b)
145 15
(c)
1
(d) none
8
Answer: a
Explanation:
12𝑐 12×11 22
Required probability = 2 = =
30𝑐2 30×29 145

Question 50
Twenty tickets are marked the numbers 1, 2, …… 20. If their
tickets be drawn at random, then what is the probability that
those marked 7 and 11 are among them.
3 1
(a) (b)
190 19
(c)
1
(d) None
190
Answer: a
Explanation:
7 and 11 have always 10 be in that group of three, therefore 3rd ticket
may be chosen in 18 ways.
18 18.3.2 3
Hence required probability is = =
20𝑐3 20.19.18 190

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Question 51
The letter of the word ‘ASSASSIN’ are written down at random in
arrow. The probability that no two S occur together is
1 1
(a) (b)
35 14
(c)
1
(d) None
15
Answer: b
Explanation:
8!
Total ways of arrangements = w .x. y. z
2!.4!
Now S can have places at dot’s and in places of w, x, y, z
We have to put 2A’s, one I and one N.
4!
Therefore favorable ways = 5( )
2!
5.4!2!4!
Hence required probability =
21.8!
1
=
14

Question 52
𝟏
A and B are two independent events such that P (A) = and P (B)
𝟐
𝟏
= . Then P (neither A nor B) is equal to
𝟑
2 1
(a) (b)
3 6
5 1
(c) (d)
6 3
Answer: d
Explanation:
̅̅̅.P (𝐵̅)
P (neither A nor B) = P (𝐴̅Ո𝐵̅) = P (𝐴)
1 1
= P(𝐴̅) = 1-P (A) = 1- =
2 2
1 2
̅ ̅
= P (𝐵 ) = 1-P(𝐵 ) = 1- =
3 3
1 2 1
 P(𝐴̅).P(𝐵̅) = × =
2 3 3

Question 53
In a throw of a dice the probability of getting one in even number
of throw is
5 5
(a) (b)
36 11
6 1
(c) (d)
11 6
Answer: b

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Explanation:
Probability of getting 1 on 2nd throw,
5 1
P (2) ( ) ( )
6 6
Probability of getting 1 on 4th throw,
5 3 1
P (4) ( ) ( )
6 6
Probability of getting 1 on 6th throw,
5 5 1
P (6) ( ) ( )
6 6
Therefore total probability
P = P (2) + P (4) + P (6) + …..
5 1 5 3 1 5 5 1
P = ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) +…..
6 6 6 6 6 6
1 5 5 3 5 5
P = [( ) + ( ) + ( ) + ⋯ . ]
6 6 6 6
By sum of an infinite geometric series,
1
1
P= [ 6
5 2
]
6 1−(2)
5
P=
11

Past ExaminationQuestions
MAY - 2018
Question 1
Two broad divisions of probability are:
(a) Subjective probability and (b) Deductive probability and
Objective probability mathematical probability
(c) Statistical probability and (d) None
mathematical probability
Answer: a
Explanation:
Two broad and divisions of probability are
A. Subjective probability
B. Objective probability

Question 2

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The term ‘’chance’’ and probability is synonyms:

(a) True (b) False
(c) Both (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
The terms ‘’chance’’ and probability are synonyms is True.

Question 3
The theorem of compound probability states that for any two A and B
B 𝐵
(a) P (A Ո B) = P (A) X P ( ) (b) P (A Ս B) = P (A) X P ( )
A 𝐴
(c) P (A Ո B) = P (A) x P (B) (d) P (A Ս B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A
Ո B)
Answer: a
Explanation:
The theorem of compound probability states that for only events A and B given
by
B
P (A Ո B) = P (A) x P ( )
A

Question 4
Variance of a random variable x is given by
(a) E (X-𝜇)2 (b) E[X-E (X)]2
(c) E (X2-𝜇) (d) (a) or (b)
Answer: d
Explanation:
Variance of a random variable x is given by V(x) = E(x-𝜇)2
Or
V(x) = [E(X-E(x)] 2

Question 5
What is the probability of having at least one’ six’ year’s throws of a
project die?
(a)
5 5 3
6 (b) ( )
6
1 3 5 3
(c) 1-( ) (d) 1-( )
6 6
Answer: d
Explanation:
For a die probability of getting six

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1
P (A) = → p
6
1 5
P (𝐴̅) = 1 - = → q
6 6
Here n = 3
P(getting at least ‘1’ six) = P (X≥1)
= 1 – P (X<1)
= 1-P (X=0)
1 0 1 3−0
= 1 -3𝐶0 . [ ] . ( )
6 6
5 3
=1–1×1×[ ]
6
5 3
=1-[ ]
6

Question 6
Sum of all probabilities mutually exclusive and exhaustive events is equal
to
(a) 0 (b)
1
2
(c)
1
(d) 1
4
Answer: d
Explanation:
Sum of all probabilities mutually exclusive and exhaustive events is equal to 1

NOV - 2018
Question 1
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
If P (A) = , P (B) = , and P (A Ո B) = , then P (A Ս B) is equal to
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
11 10
(a) (b)
12 12
7 1
(c) (d)
12 6
Answer: c
Explanation:
1 1 1
P (A) = , P (B) = , and P (A Ո B) =
2 3 4
We know that
P (A Ս B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (A Ո B)
1 1 1
+ −
2 3 4
6+4−3 7
=
12 12

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Question 2
The probability that a leap year has 53Wednesday is
2 3
(a) (b)
7 5
2 1
(c) (d)
3 7
Answer: a
Explanation:
In a leap year, there are 366 days.
366 days = 52 weeks and 2 days.
2 odd days may be:
(a) Sunday and Monday
(b) Monday and Tuesday No. of sample space
(c) Tuesday and Wednesday n(S) = 7
(d) Wednesday and Thursday Event (A) = ‘getting Wednesday’
(e) Thursday and Friday n (A) = 2
2
(f) Friday and Saturday P (A) =
7
(g) Saturday and Sunday

Question 3
A coin is tossed six times, then the probability of obtaining heads and tails
alternatively is
1 1
(a) (b)
2 64
1 1
(c) (d)
32 16
Answer: c
Explanation:
If one coin is tossed ‘6’ times
1 1
P (H) = , P (T) =
2 2
P (Alternate getting ‘H’ & ‘’T’) = P (HT HT HT) + P (TH TH TH)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
× × × × × × × × × × ×
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 1
+ = =
64 64 64 32

Question 4
Ram is known to hit a target in 2 out of 3 shots whereas Shyam is known to
hit the same target in 5 out of 11 shots. What is the probability that the
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target would be hit if they both try?

9 3
(a) (b)
11 11
10 6
(c) (d)
11 11
Answer: a
Explanation:
2
Probability of hitting the target by Ram P (A) =
3
5
Probability of hitting the target by Shyam P (B)
11
2 1
P(𝐴̅) = 1 - =
3 3
6 5
P(𝐵̅) = 1 - =
11 11
P (Target WOULT be HIT) = 1-P (𝐴̅ Ո𝐵̅)
1- P(𝐴̅). P(𝐵̅)
1 6
1- ×
3 11
2 9
=1- =
11 11

Question 5
Two different dice are thrown simultaneously, then the probability, that
the sum of two numbers appearing on the top of dice is 9 is
8 1
(a) (b)
9 9
(c)
7
(d) None
9
Answer: b
Explanation:
If two dice are rolled then
Sample space n(s) = 62 = 36
Event (A) = Getting the sum is ‘9’
= {(6, 3) (3, 6)(4, 5) (5, 4)}
n (A) = 4
𝑛(𝐴) 4 1
P (A) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 9

Question 6
̅ ) + P (𝐁
If P (A Ս B) = 0.8 and P (A Ո B) = 0.3, then P(𝐀 ̅ ) is equal to
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.5
(c) 0.7 (d) 0.9
Answer: d
Explanation:

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Given
P (A Ս B) = 0.8 and P (A Ո B) = 0.3
We know that
P (A Ս B) = P (A) + P (B) – P (AՈ B)
̅̅̅ - 0.3
̅)| + [1 – P (B)
0.8 = [1 - P(A
P(𝐴̅) + P(B̅) = 2 – 0.3 − 0.8
P(𝐴̅) + P(B̅) = 0.9

2019 – MAY
Question 1
If a coin is tossed 5 times, then the probability of getting Tail and Head
occurs alternatively is:
1 1
(a) (b)
18 16
1 1
(c) (d)
32 64
Answer: c
Explanation:
1 1 1 1 1 1
× × × × =
2 2 2 2 2 32

Question 2
According to bayee’s theorem,
𝐀
𝐏(𝐄𝐊 )𝐏( )
𝐄𝐊
P (EKIA) = 𝐀 here
∑𝐧
𝐢=𝟏 𝐏(𝐄𝐢 )𝐏(𝐄 )
𝐢

(a) E1, E2 …..are mutually exclusive E E

(b) P( ), P( ) …..are equal to 1
A A2
𝐴𝑡 𝐴2
(c) P( ), P ( ) ……. Are equal to 1 (d) A & E’s are disjoint sets
𝐸 𝐸
Answer: a
Explanation:
Mutually Exclusive

Question 3
For any two events A and B:
(a) P(A – B) = P (A) – P (B) (b) P (A – B) = P (A) – P (A Ո B)
(c) P (A – B)= P (B) – P (A Ո B) (d) P (B – A) = P (B) + P (A Ո B)
Answer: b
Explanation:
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P(A Ս B) = P (A) + P(B) – P(AՈB), and specialize this formula for the case (a)
when A, B are mutually exclusive events and for the case (b) where A, Bare
statistically independent

Question 4
Five Persons A, B, C, D and E are in queue of a shop. The probability that A
and E are always together, is
1 2
(a) (b)
4 3
2 3
(c) (d)
5 5
Answer: c
Explanation:
Total number of person = 5
Total outcome = 5!
A & E come together. 𝐴𝐸2̅3̅4̅
Favorable outcome = 4!× 2!
4! ×2! 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
probability [𝑃 = ]
5! 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
2
= option (c) is correct.
5

Question 5
One card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the
probability that the card drawn is a face (Jack, Queen, and King only)?
3 1
(a) (b)
13 13
3 9
(c) (d)
52 52
Answer: a
Explanation:
Clearly, there are 52 cards, out of which there are 12 face cards.
12 3
P (getting a face card) = = .
52 13

NOV - 2019
Question 1
Two letters are chosen from the word HOME. What is the probability that
the letters chosen are not vowels?
(a) V2 (b)
1
6

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(c)
2
(d) 0
3
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) HOME
Total letters = 4
Total vowels = 2 {O, E}
Total consonants = 2 {H, M}
2
P (that 2 letters choosen are not vowels)
4
1
P (that 2 letters choosen are consonants)
3
2×4 1
= (Required probability)
1×3 6

Question 2
If A, B. C are three mutually exclusive and exhaustive events such that:
P (A) = 2 P (B) = 3P(C) what is P (B)?
6 3
(a) (b)
11 11
1 1
(c) (d)
6 3
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) Since A, B, C are mutually exclusive events
P (AՈB) = 0, P (BՈC) = 0, P (CՈA) = 0 and P(AՈBՈC) = 0
Since A, B C are mutually exhaustive P (AՍB) = 1
We know,
P (AՍB) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(AՈB) – P(BՈC) – P(CՈA) + P(AՈBՈC)
1 = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – 0 – 0 + 0
P (A) + P (B) + P (C) = 1
In given question; P (A) = 2P (B) = 3P (C)
P (A) = 2P (B)
2
And P (C) = P (B)
3
Put Eq 2 and 3 in Eq 1
2
2P (B) + P (B) + = P (B) = 1
3
11
P (B) = 1
3
3
P (B) =
11

Question 3
What is the probability of getting 7 or 11 when two dices are thrown?
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2 6
(a) (b)
9 36
10 2
(c) (d)
36 36
Answer: a
Explanation:
(a) When two dices are thrown
n (S) = 36
A event of getting sum 7
B event of getting sum 11
A {(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1)}
n (A) = 6
B {(5, 6), (6, 5)}
n (B) = 2
6+2
P (of getting sum 7 or 11) =
36
8 2
= =
36 9

Question 4
A bag contains 15 one rupee coins, 25 two rupee coins if a coin is selected
at random than probability for not selecting a one-rupee coin is:
(a) 0.30 (b) 0.20
(c) 0.25 (d) 0.70
Answer: d
Explanation:
Given: Bag containing 15 one rupee coin +25 two rupee coin+10 five rupee
coin =50 coins in total.
To find: the probability of not selecting a one rupee coin
Sol: The probability of not picking a one-rupee coin is 1 minus the probability of
picking a one-rupee coin.
15 35
Hence the required probability = 1− = = 0.7
50 50

Question 5
Is the required probability of occurring 4 or more than 4 accidents?
No. of acc. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency 8 17 15 24 27 18 9

(a) 24 (b) 69
(c) 78 (d) 80
Answer: c
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Explanation:
(No. of 4 or more accidents) = 24 + 27 + 18 +9
= 78
Total accidents = 8 + 17 + 15 + 24 + 27 + 18 + 9
= 118

DEC - 2020
Question 1
When 2 fair dice are thrown. What is the probability of getting the sum
which is a multiple of 3?
4 8
(a) (b)
36 36
2 12
(c) (d)
36 36
Answer: d
Explanation:

Favourable outcome is = 12
12
Hence, is the answer
36

Question 2
When 3 dice are rolled simultaneously the probability of a number on the
third die is greater than the sum of the numbers on two dice.
12 36
(a) (b)
216 216
48 16
(c) (d)
216 216
Answer: d
Explanation:
Believing all three dice are ‘fair’ ones.
When three dice are thrown simultaneously; there are (6 * 6 * 6) = 216 possible
outcomes.
Now, 2 ≤ Sum of those appeared on the first two dice ≤ 12.
But, 1 ≤ Number appearing on third die ≤ 6.
Thus, only the following outcomes on the three dice give the desired result : (1,

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1, 3), (1, 1, 4), (1, 2, 4), (2, 1, 4), (1, 1, 5), (1, 2, 5), (1, 3, 5), (2, 1, 5), (3, 1, 5), (1, 1,
6), (1, 2, 6), (1, 3, 6), (1, 4, 6), (2, 1, 6), (3, 1, 6) and (4, 1, 6). Total 16 outcomes.
Thus, the required probability = (16 / 216) = (2 / 27) = 0.074074.

Question 3
If A speaks 75% of truth and B speaks 80% of truth. In what percentage
both of them likely to contradict with each other in narrating the same
questions
(a) 0.60 (b) 0.45
(c) 0.65 (d) 0.35
Answer: d
Explanation:
3 1
A Speak truth 75% i.e., P (A) = , 𝑃(𝐴̅) =
4 4
4 1
Similarly, B speak truth 80%i.e.,75% i.e., P(B)= , 𝑃(𝐵̅ ) =
5 5
While contradicting the narration Probability = P(A) 𝑃 𝐵)+ 𝑃(𝐴̅)P(B)
( ̅
3 1 1 4
× + ×
4 5 4 5
7 7
= × 100% = 35%
20 20

Question 4
If two Unbiased Coins are tossed what is Probability of getting at least one
tail?
(a) 1/4 (b) 3/4
(c) 1/2 (d) 2/3
Answer: b
Explanation:
At least one tail
LET A=event of getting at least one tail (HT,TH,TT) P(A)= (N(A))/(N(S))=3/4

JAN - 2021
Question 1
Two dice are thrown simultaneously. The probability of a total score of 5
from the outcomes of dice is ‘
(a) 1/18 (b)1/12
(c) 1/9 (d) 2/5
Answer: c
Explanation:

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If two dice are thrown simultaneously, the total number of sample space is 36
Favourable outcomes = (1, 4), (4, 1), (2, 3) and (3, 2)
Therefore, the required probability = 4/ 36 = 1/9.

Question 2
If an unbiased coin is tossed twice, then the probability of obtaining at
least one tail is ‘
(a) 1 (b) 0.5
(c) 0.75 (d) 0.25
Answer: c
Explanation:
we know that P(HHH)+P(HT)+ P(TH)+ P(TT) = 1
P(HT)+ P(TH)+ P(TT) = 1-P(HH)
1 3
=1− =
4 4
= 0.75

Question 3
If an unbiased coin is tossed three times. What is the probability of getting
more than one head?
1 3
(a) (b)
2 8
7 1
(c) (d)
8 3
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given: coin tossed three times
To find: the probability of getting more than one head Sol: The sample space is
{HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}, n(S)=8
The favourable outcomes for getting more than one head is {HHH, HHT, HTH,
THH}, n(E)=4
n(E) 4 1
Hence, the probability of getting more than one head is = =
n(S) 8 2

July – 2021
Question 1
A biased coin is such that the probability of getting a head is thrice the
probability of getting a tail. If the coin is tossed 4 times, what is the
probability of getting a head all the times?
(a) 2/5 (b) 81/128
(c) 81/256 (d) 81/64

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Answer: Options (c)

Explanation:
Here Probability of success = p
Probability of failure = q
Given p =3q
We know that
P+q=1
3q + q = 1
4q=1
Q=¼
Q = ¼ in eq (1) we get
1
P=3×
4
P=¾
Here n = 4
P (all head) = p (x=4)
= nCx. px . qx
3 4 1 4−4
= 4C4. ( ) ( )
4 4
81 81
=1× ×1=
256 256

Question 2
If there are 16 phones, 10 of them are Android and 6 of them are of Apple,
then the probability of 4 randomly selected phones to include 2 Android
and 2 Apple phone is
(a) 0.47 (b) 0.51
(c) 0.37 (d) 0.27
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
∴ Probability of 4 randomly selected phones to include 2 Android and 2 Apple
phone
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝟔
= =
𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝟏𝟔

Question 3
If there are 48 marbles marked with numbers 1 to 48, then the probability
of selecting a marble having the number divisible by 4 is
(a) 1/2 (b) 2/3
(c) 1/3 (d) 1/4
Answer: Options (b)
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Explanation:
Given: Marbles with numbers marked on each of them are 1, 2, 3, 4 … 48
∴ Probability of selecting a marble having the number divisible by
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞
4=
𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞
32 2
=
48 3

Question 4
In a class, 40% of the students study math and science. 60% of the
students study math. What is the probability of a student studying science
given he/she is already studying math?
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.40
(c) 0.67 (d) 0.60
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
P (Mands) = 0.60
P (M) = 0.60
P(M and S) 0.40 2
P (S∣M) = = = = 0.67
P(S) 0.60 3

Question 5
A begs contains 7 blue and 5 green balls. One ball is drawn at random. The
probability of getting a Blue ball is
(a) 5/12 (b) 12/35
(c) 7/12 (d) 0
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
Number of green balls=5
Number of blue balls=7
Total number of balls=12
Probability of not green balls =number of not green balls/ total number of balls
=7/12.

Question 6
The probability that a football team losing a match at Kolkata is 3/5 and
wining a match at Bengaluru is 6/7, the probability of the team winning at
least one match is
(a) 3/35 (b) 18/35

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(c) 32/35 (d) 17/35

Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
P (winning) + P (losing) + P (drawing) = 1
3/5 +6/7+P (drawing) =1
P (drawing) = 32/35.

Question7
The value of K for the probability density function of a variate X is equal to
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P (X) 5K 3K 4K 6K 7K 9K 11K
(a) 39 (b) 1/40
(c) 1/49 (d) 1/45
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation
Note: - Sum of all probabilities = 1
Therefore, 5k + 3k + 4k + 6k + 7k + 9k + 11k = 1
∴k=149

Question8
If in a class 60% of the student study mathematics and science and 90% of
the student study science then the probability of a student studying
mathematics given that he/ she is already studying science is:
(a) 1/4 (b) 2/3
(c) 1 (d) 1/2
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation
Mathematics → A
Science →B
60
Here P (A ∩ B) = = 0.6
100
90
P (B) = = 0.9
100
(A ∩B) 0.6 2
P (A/B) = p = =
P (B) 0.9 3

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CHAPTER - 16
THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTIONS

Distributions

Discrete Probability Continuous Probability

Distributions Distributions

Binomial Poisson Normal

Distribution Distribution Distribution

THEORITICAL The total probability (i.e. one) is distributed to different mass

PROBABILITY points in case of a discrete random variable or to different
class intervals In case of a continuous random variable
BINOMIAL One of the most important and frequently used discrete
DISTRIBUTION binomial distribution.
The binomial distribution is a common discrete
distribution used in statistics, as opposed to a
continuous distribution such as the normal distribution. This
is because the binomial distribution only counts two states,
typically represented as 1 (for a success) or 0 (for a failure)
given a number of trials in the data
Poisson A random variable X is defined to follow Poisson
Distribution distribution with parameter, to be denoted by X ~ P (m) if
the probability mass function of x

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NORMAL
DISTRIBUTIONS

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STANDARD
NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION

POISSON DISTRIBUTION:
Question1
In a Poisson distribution, if ‘n’ is the number of trials and ‘p’ is the
probability of success, then the mean value is given by
(a) m = n p (b) m = (𝑛𝑝)2
(c) m = n p (1-p) (d) m = p
Answer: a
Explanation:
For a discrete probability function, the mean value or the expected value is
given by
Mean (𝜇) = ∑𝑛𝑥=0 𝑥𝑝 (𝑥)
−𝑚 𝑥
𝑒 𝑚
For Poisson Distribution P(x) = substitute in above equation and
𝑥!
solve to get 𝜇 = m = n p.

Question2
If ‘m’ is the mean of A Poisson Distribution, then variance is given by
(a) 𝑚2 (b) m
1
2
(c) m 𝑚
(d) ⁄2
Answer: c
Explanation:
For a discrete probability function, the variance is given by
Variance (v) = ∑𝑛𝑥=0 𝑥 2 𝑝(𝑥) – 𝜇2
−𝑚
𝑒 𝑚𝑥
Where 𝜇 is the mean, substitute P(x) = ’ in the above equation and put
𝑥!
𝜇 = m to obtain
V = m.

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Question 3
The p.d.f of Poisson distribution is given by
−𝑚 𝑒 −𝑚 𝑥!
𝑒 𝑚𝑥
(a) (b)
𝑥! 𝑚𝑥
𝑥! 𝑒 𝑚𝑥
𝑚
(c) (d)
𝑚𝑥 𝑒 −𝑚 𝑥!
Answer: a
Explanation:
This is a standard formula for Poisson distribution, is needs no explanation.
Even though if you are interested to know the derivations in detail, you can
refer to any of the books or source on internet that speaks of this matter.

Question 4
If ‘m’ is the mean of a Poisson distribution, the standard deviation is
given by
(a) m1⁄2 (b) m2
(c) m (d) 𝑚⁄2
Answer: a
Explanation:
The variance of a Poisson distribution with mean ‘m’ is given by V = m,
hence standard Deviation = (Variance)1⁄2 = m1⁄2
Question 5
In a Poisson distribution the mean and variance are equal
(a) True (b) False
(c) Can’t say (d) Not justifiable
Answer: a
Explanation:
Mean = m
Variance = m
 Mean = Variance.

Question 6
In a Poisson distribution, if mean (m) = e, then P(x) is given by
−𝑚 𝑒 −𝑚 𝑥!
𝑒 𝑚𝑥
(a) (b)
𝑥! 𝑚𝑥
𝑥! 𝑒 𝑚𝑥
𝑚
(c) (d)
𝑚𝑥 𝑒 −𝑚 𝑥!
Answer: a
Explanation:

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Put m = e.
𝑒 𝑚 𝑚𝑥
P(x) =
𝑥!

Question 7
Poisson distribution is applied for
(a) Continuous Random variable (b) Discrete Random variable
(c) Irregular Random variable (d) Uncertain Random Variable
Answer: b
Explanation:
Poisson distribution along with Binomial Distribution is applied for discrete
Random variable. Speaking more precisely, Poisson Distribution is an
extension of Binomial Distribution for larger values ‘n’. since Binomial
Distribution is of discrete nature, so is its extension Poisson Distribution.

Question 8
If ‘m’ is the mean of Poisons Distribution, the P(0) is given by
(a) e-m (b) em
(c) e (d) m-e
Answer: a
Explanation:
−𝑚 𝑥
𝑒 𝑚
P(x) =
𝑥!
Put x = 0, to obtain e-m.

Question 9
In a Poisson distribution, the mean and standard deviation are equal
(a) True (b) False
(c) Can’t say (d) Not justified
Answer: b
Explanation:
In a Poisson distribution,
Mean = m
Standard deviation = m1⁄2
 Mean and Standard deviation are not equal.

Question 10
For a Poisson distribution, if mean (m) = 1, then P(1) is
(a)
1
(b) e
𝑒
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𝑒
(c) (d) Indeterminate
2
Answer: a
Explanation:
−𝑚
𝑒 𝑚𝑥
P (x) =
𝑥!
Put m = x = 1, (given) to obtain1⁄𝑒.

Question 11
The recurrence relation between P(x) and P(x+1) in a Poisson
distribution is given by
(a) P(x+1)- m P(x) = 0 (b) m P(x+1)- P(x) = 0
(c) (x+1) P(x+1) –m P(x) = 0 (d) (x+1) P(x) – x P(x+1) = 0
Answer: c
Explanation:
−𝑚 𝑥
𝑒 𝑚
P(x) =
𝑥!
𝑚𝑥+1
P (x+1) = e-m(𝑥+1)!
Divide P(x + 1) by P(x) and rearrange to obtain (x+1) P(x+1) – m P(x) = 0.

Question 12
The mean value for an event X to occur is 2 in a day. Find the
probability of event X to occur thrice in a day.
(a) 0.1804 (b) 0.1804465
(c) 0.18 (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
Mean, m=2 𝑥 = 3
23
Probability of the event to occur thrice, P (3; 2) = 𝑒 −2 = 0.1804465
3!

Question 13
A man was able to complete 3 files a day on an average. Find the
probability that he can complete 5 files the next day.
(a) 0.108 (b) 0.1008
(c) 0.008 (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
Here we know this is a Poisson experiment with following values given:
𝜇 = 3, average number of files completed a day
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X = 5, the number of files required to be completed next day

And e = 2.71828 being a constant
On substituting the values in the Poisson distribution formula mentioned
above we get the Poisson probability in this case.
We get
(𝑒 −𝜇 )(𝜇𝑥 )
P(x, 𝜇)=
𝑥!
(2.71828)−3 (35 )
→ P (5, 3) =
5!
= 0.1008 approximately.
Hence the probability for the person to complete 5 files the next day is
0.1008 approximately.

Question 14
The number of calls coming per minute into a hotels reservation
center is Poisson random variable with mean 3. Find the probability
that no calls come in a given 1-minute period
(a) 𝑒 −3 (b) 𝑒 3
(c) e (d) 𝑚−𝑒
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let x denote the number of calls coming in that given 1 minute period. X ~
Poisson (3)
𝑒 −3 30
P(x = 0) =
0!
= 𝑒 −3

Question 15
If the random variable X follows a Poisson distribution with mean 3,4,
find P(x=6)
(a) 0.071604409 (b) 0.00125948
(c) 0.0023698 (d) 0.015792
Answer: a
Explanation:
This can be written more quickly as: if X = Po (3, 4)
Find (x = 6)
Now
𝑒 −𝜆 𝜆6
P(x = 6) =
6!
𝑒 −3.4 (3.4)6
= (mean, 𝜆 = 3.4)
6!
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= 0.071604409 or 0.072(to 3 p.d.f)

BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION:

Question 1
In a binomial Distribution, ‘if ‘n’ is the number of trials and ‘p’ is the
probability of success, then the mean value is given by
(a) np (b) n
(c) p (d) np(1 – p)
Answer: a
Explanation:
For a discrete probability function, the mean value or the expected value is
given by
Mean (𝜇) ∑𝑛𝑥=0 𝑥𝑝(𝑥)
For Binomial Distribution P(x) = xCx px q (n-x), substitute in the above
equation and solve to get
𝜇 = np.

Question 2
In the Binomial Distribution, If p, q and n are probability of success,
failure and number of trials respectively then variance is given by
(a) np (b) npq
(c) np2q (d) npq2
Answer: b
Explanation:
For a discrete probability function, the variance is given by
Variance (V) = ∑𝑛𝑥=0 𝑥 2 𝑝(𝑥 ) − 𝜇2
Where 𝜇 is the mean, substitute P(x) = P(x) = xCx px q(n-x), in the above
equation and put 𝜇 = np to obtain
V = npq.

Question 3
If ‘x’ is a random variable, taking values ‘x’ probability of success and
failure being ‘p’ and ‘q’ respectively and ‘n’ trials being conducted, then
what is the probability that ‘x’ takes values ‘x’? Use Binomial
Distribution
(a) P(X = x) = nCx pxqx (b) P(X = x) = nCx px q(n-x)
(c) P(X = x) = nCx px q(n-x) (d) P (x =x) = xCnpxqx
Answer: b
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Explanation:
It is the formula for Binomial Distribution that is asked here which is given
by P(X = x) = nCx px q (n-x)

Question 4
If ‘p’, ‘q’ and ‘n’ are probability of success, failure and number of trials
respectively in a Binomial Distribution, what is its standard Deviation?
1 1
(a) (𝑛𝑝) ⁄2 (b) (𝑝𝑞) ⁄2
(c) (𝑛𝑝)2 1
(d) (𝑛𝑝𝑞) ⁄2
Answer: d
Explanation:
The variance (V) for a Binomial Distribution is given by V = npq

Question 5
In a Binomial Distribution, the mean and variance are equal
(a) True (b) False
(c) can’t say (d) Not justifiable
Answer: b
Explanation:
Mean = np
Variance = npq
 Mean and Variance are not equal.

Question 6
It is suitable to use Binomial Distribution only for
(a) Large value of ‘n’ (b) Fractional values of ‘n’
(c) Small values of ‘n’ (d) Any values ‘n’
Answer: c
Explanation:
As the value of ‘n’ increase, it becomes difficult and tedious to calculate
value of nCx.

Question 7
For larger values of ‘n’ Binomial Distribution
(a) Loses its discreteness (b) Tends to Poisson Distribution
(c) Stays as it is (d) Gives oscillatory values
Answer: b
Explanation:

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Where m = np is the mean of Poisson distribution.

Question 8
In a Binomial Distribution, if p = q, then P(X = x) is given by
(a) nCx (0.5)n (b) xCn(0.5)n
(c) nCx p(n-x) (d) xCnp(n-x)
Answer: a
Explanation:
If p = q then p = 0.5
Substituting in P(x) = nCx px q(n-x) we get nCx (0.5) n.

Question 9
Binomial Distribution is a
(a) Continuous distribution (b) Discrete distribution
(c) Irregular distribution (d) Not a Probability distribution
Answer: b
Explanation:
It is applied to a discrete Random variable, hence it is discrete distribution

Question 10
15 dates are selected at random, what is the probability of getting two
Sundays?
(a) 0.29 (b) 34
(c) 56 (d) 78
Answer: a
Explanation:
If X denotes the number at Sundays. Then it is obvious that X follows
binomial distribution with parameter n = 15 and p = probability of a Sunday
1 6
in a week = and q = 1 – p =
7 7
1 𝑥 6 15−𝑥
Then f (x) = 15𝑐𝑥 ( ) . ( )
7 7
For x = 0, 1, 2 ………. 15.
Hence the probability of getting two Sundays
= f (2)
1 2 6 15−2
= 15𝑐2 ( ) , ( )
7 7
105 × 613
=
715
= 0.29

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Question 11
The incidence of occupational disease in an industry is such that the
workmen have a 10% chance of suffering from it. What is the
probability that out of 5 workmen, 3 or more will contract the disease?
(a) 890 (b) .0086
(c) .00086 (d) None
Answer: c
Explanation;
Let x denote the number of workmen in the sample. X follows binomial with
parameters n = 5 and p = probability that a workman suffers from the
occupational disease = 0.1
Hence q = 1 – 0.1 = 0.9
Thus f (x) = 5𝑐𝑥 . (0.1)x . (0.9)5-x
For x = 0, 1, 2 ……5.
The probability that 3 or more workmen will contract the disease
= P (x ≥ 3)
= f (3) + f (4) + f (5)
= 5𝑐3 (0.1)3 (0.9)5−3 + 5𝑐4 (0.1)4 . (0.9) 5-4 + 5𝑐5 (0.1) 5
= 10 × 0.001 × 0.814 + 5 × 0.0001 × 0.9 + 1 × 0.00001
= 0.0081 + 0.00045 + 0.00001
= 0.0086.

Question 12
Find the probability of a success for the binomial distribution
satisfying the following relation 4 P (x = 4) = P (x = 2) and having the
parameter n as six.
(a) P ≠ 1 (b) P ≠ -1
(c) P = 1 (d) P = 0
Answer: b
Explanation:
We are given that n = 6. The probability mass function of x is given by
F (x) = 𝑛𝑐𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 𝑞𝑛−𝑥 = 6𝑐𝑥 𝑝𝑥 𝑞𝑛−𝑥
For x = 0, 1 ….. , 6,
Thus P (x = 4) = f (4);
= 6𝑐4 𝑝4 𝑞6−4 = 15 𝑝4 𝑞 2
And P (x = 2) = f (2)
= 6𝑐4 𝑝2 𝑞6−2 = 15 𝑝2 𝑞 4

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Hence 4 P (x = 4) = P (x = 2)
= 60 𝑝4 𝑞2 = 15 𝑝2 𝑞4
= 15 𝑝2 𝑞2 (4𝑝2 − 𝑞2 ) = 0
= 4𝑝2 − 𝑞2 = 0 (as p - 0, q -0)
= 4𝑝2 – (1 − 𝑝)2 = 0 (as q = 1 – p)
= (2p + 1 – p) = 0 or (2p – 1 + p) = 0
1 1
= p = -1 or p = thus p = (as p ≠ -1)
3 3

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION:

Question 1
Normal distribution is applied for
(a) Continuous Random (b) Discrete Random Variable
Distribution
(c) Irregular Random Variable (d) Uncertain Random Variable
Answer: a
Explanation:
Normal Distribution is applied for Continuous Random Distribution. A
discrete probability distribution is a probability distribution characterized
by a probability mass function. Thus, the distribution of a random variable x
is discrete, and x is called a discrete random variable, if, as u runs through
the set of all possible values of x.

Question 2
The shape of the Normal curve is
(a) Bell shaped (b) Flat
(c) Circular (d) Spiked
Answer: a
Explanation:
Due to the nature of the probability Mass function, a bell shaped curve is
obtained.

Question 3
Normal Distribution is symmetric is about
(a) Variance (b) Mean
(c) Standard deviation (d) Covariance
Answer: b
Explanation:

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Due to the very nature of p.m.f of Normal Distribution, the graph appears
such that it is symmetric about its mean.

Question 4
For a standard normal variate, the value of mean is
(a) ∞ (b) 1
(c) 0 (d) Not defined
Answer: c
Explanation:
For a normal variate, if its mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1, then its
called as standard Normal variate. Here, the converse is asked.

Question 5
The area under a standard normal curve is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) ∞ (d) Not defined
Answer: b
Explanation:
For any probability distribution, the sum of all probabilities is 1. Area under
normal curve refers to sum of all probabilities.

Question 6
The standard normal curve is symmetric about the value.
(a) ∞ (b) 0
(c) 0.5 (d) 1
Answer: b
Explanation:
Normal curve is always symmetric about mean, for standard normal curve
or variate mean = 0.

Question 7
For a standard normal variate. The value of standard deviation is
(a) 3 (b) 1
(c) ∞ (d) Not defined
Answer: b
Explanation:
If the mean and standard deviation of a normal variate are 0 and 1
respectively, it is called as standard normal variate.

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Question 8
Normal Distribution is also known as
(a) Cauchy’s Distribution (b) Laplacian Distribution
(c) Gaussian Distribution (d) Lagrangian Distribution
Answer; c
Explanation:
Named after the one who proposed it. For further details, refer to books or
internet.

Question 9
Skewers of Normal distribution is
(a) Negative (b) Positive
(c) 0 (d) Undefined
Answer: c
Explanation:
Since the normal curve is symmetric about its mean, its skewness is zero.
This is a theoretical explanation for mathematical proofs, you can refer to
books or website that
Speak on the same in detail.

Question 10
For a normal distribution its mean, median, mode are equal
(a) True (b) False
(c) Not defined (d) Can’t say
Answer: a
Explanation:
It has theoretical evidence that requires some serious background on
several topics for more details you can refer to any book or website that
speaks on the same.

Question 11
In Normal distribution, the highest value of ordinate occurs at
(a) Mean (b) Variance
(c) Extremes (d) Same value occurs at all points
Answer: a
Explanation:
This is due the behavior of the p.d.f of Normal distribution.

Question 12
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The shape of the normal curve depends on its

(a) Mean deviation (b) Standard deviation
(c) Quartile deviation (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
This can be seen in the p.d.f on the normal distribution where standard
deviation is a variable.

Question 13
The value of constant ‘e’ appearing in normal distribution is
(a) 2.5185 (b) 2.7836
(c) 2.1783 (d) None
Answer: c
Explanation:
This is a standard constant.

Question 14
In standard normal distribution, the value of median is
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) Not fixed
Answer: b
Explanation:
In a standard normal distribution the value of mean is 0 and in normal
distribution mean, median and mode coincide.

Question 15
In a certain book, the frequency distribution of the number of words
per page may be taken as approximately normal with mean 800 and
standard deviation 50. If three pages are chosen at random, what is the
probability that none of them has between 830 and 845 words each?
(a) 0.7536 (b) .7654
(c) .9084 (d) .8733
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let X is a normal variate which denotes the number of words per page. It is
given that X – N (800, 50).
The probability that a page, select at random, does not have number of
words between 830 and 845, is given by

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830−800 845−800
1-P (830< X < 845) 1 – P ( ≤=< )
50 50
= 1 –P (0.6 < = < 0.9) = 1 – P (0< = < 0.9) + P (0< = < 0.6)
= 1 – 0.3159 + 0.2257 = 0.9098 = 0.91
Thus, the probability that none of the three pages, selected at random, have
number of words lying between 830 and 845 = (0.91)3 = 0.7536.

Question 16
The distribution of 1,000 examines according to marks percentage is
given below:
% Marks less than 40-75 75 or more Total
40
No. of 430 420 150 1000
examines
Assuming the marks percentage to follow a normal distribution,
calculate the mean and standard deviation of marks. If not more than
300 examines are to fail, what should be the passing marks?
(a) 30% (b) 40%
(c) 50% (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Let X denotes the percentage of marks and its mean and S.D. be m and s
respectively. From the given table, we can write
P (x < 40) = 0.43 and P(X ≥ 75) = 0.15, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠
40−𝜇 75−𝜇
P (=< ) = 0.43 and P (= ≥ ) = 0.15
Ơ Ơ
The above equations respectively imply that
40−𝜇
= -0.175 or 40 – 𝜇 = - 0.175Ơ …… (1)
Ơ
75− 𝜇
And = 1.04 or 75 – 𝜇 = 1.04Ơ …… (2)
Ơ
Solving the above equations simultaneously, we get 𝜇 = 45.04 and Ơ = 28.81
Let x, be the percentage or marks required to pass the examination.
𝑥 −45.04
Then we have P (x < x1) = 0.3 or P (= < 1 ) = 0.3
28.81
𝑥1 −45.04
 = - 0.525 →𝑥1 - 29.91 or 30% (approx)
28.81

Question 17
At a petrol station, the mean quantity of petrol sold to a vehicle is 20
litres per day with a standard deviation of 10 liters. If on a particular
day, 100 vehicles took 25 or more litres of petrol, estimate the total
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number of vehicles who took petrol from the station on the day.
Assume that the quantity of petrol taken from the station by a vehicle
is a normal variate.
(a) 333 (b) 343
(c) 324 (d) 567
Answer: c
Examination:
Let X denotes the quantity of petrol taken by a vehicle. It is given that X – N
(20, 10).
25−20
 P (X ≥ 25) = P (=≥ )= P (= ≥ 0.5)
10
= 0.5000-P (0 ≤= ≤ 0.5) = 0.5000 – 0.1915 = 0.3085
Let N be the total number of vehicles taking petrol on that day.
100
 0.3085 × N = 100 or N = = 324 (approx.)
0.3085

Question 18
Using the table areas under the standard normal curve, find the
following probabilities:
(i) P (0 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟑)
(ii) P (-1 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝟎)
(iii) P (-1 ≤ 𝒛 ≤ 𝟏𝟐)
(a) 0 0.4032, 0.3413,0.8185 (b) 0.4072, 0.4413,0.8185
(c) 0.40456, 0.3456,0.8155 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
The required probability, in each question, is indicated by the shaded are of
the corresponding figure.
(a) From the table.
(b) (i) we can write P(0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1.3) = 0.4032.
(c) (ii) we can write P(-1 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 1), because the distribution is symmetrical.

Question 19
Determine the value or values of z in the following situations:
(i) Area between 0 and z is 0.4495.
(ii) Area between - ∞ to z is 0.1401.
(a) -1.64, -1.08 (b) -1.08, -1.64
(c) 1.64, 1.08 (d) -1.64, 1.08
Answer: a
Explanation:
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(i) On locating the value of z corresponding to an entry of area 0.4495 in the

table of areas under the normal curve, we have z = 1.64 we note that same
situations may correspond to a negative value of z. Thus, z can be 1.64 or –
1.64.
(ii) Since the area between -∞ to z<0.5, z will be negative. Further, the area
between z and 0 = 0.5000 – 0.1401 = 0.3599. On locating the value of z
corresponding to this entry in the table, we get z = -1.08

Past Examination Questions

MAY - 2018
Question 1
The variance of a binomial distribution with the parameters n and p is:
(a) 𝑛𝑝2 (1 − 𝑝) (b) nq(1-q)
(c) √𝑛𝑝 − (1 − 𝑝) (d) 𝑛2 𝑝2 (1 − 𝑝)2
Answer: b
Explanation:
= npq
= nqp
= nq(1-q)

Question 2
X is a passion variate satisfying the following condition 9 P(X = 4) + 90 (X =
6) = P (X = 2). What is the value of P (X ≤ 𝟏)?
(a) 0.5655 (b) 0.5655
(c) 0.7358 (d) 0.8835
Answer: c
Explanation:
Given X ~ P (m)
P (x = 2) = 9 P(x = 4) + 90 P(x = 6)
e−m .m2 9.e−m .m4 90.e−m .me
=+ +
2! 4! 2!

90.e−m .me 9.e−m .m4 e−m .m2

+ - =0
2! 4! 2!

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90.𝑚4 9𝑚2 1
𝑒 − 𝑚 . 𝑚2 [ + − ]=0
6! 4! 2!

90.𝑚4 9𝑚2 1
𝑒 −𝑚 . 𝑚2 [ + − ]=0
6! 4! 2

4 9𝑚2
2 90.𝑚 1
𝑒 −𝑚
.𝑚 [ + − ]=0
6! 4! 2

𝑚4 3𝑚2 1
𝑒 −𝑚 . 𝑚2 [ + − ]=0
8 8 2

𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚4 +3𝑚2 −4
[ ]=0
2 4

𝑒 𝑚 .𝑚2
(𝑚4 + 3𝑚2 − 4) = 0
8
𝑚 + 4𝑚2 − 𝑚2 − 4 = 0
4

𝑚2 (𝑚2 + 4) - 1 (m2 + 4) = 0
(m2 + 4) (m2 – 1) = 0
If m2 + 4 = 0 if m2 – 1 = 0
𝑚2 = -4 if m2 = + 1
𝑚2 = ≠ √1
m = (∵ m > 0)
P(x ≤ 1) = P(x = 0) + P(x = 1)
𝑒 −1 .10 𝑒 −1 .1! 1 1 2
= + = + =
0! 1! 𝑒 𝑒 𝑒
2
= 0.7358
2.7182

Question 3
What is the first quartile of x having the following probability of function?
𝟐
𝟏
f (x) 𝒆 −(𝒙−𝟏𝟎)𝟕𝟐
for -∞<x<∞
√𝟕𝟐𝒙
(a)4 (b) 5
(c) 5.95 (d) 6.75
Answer: c
Explanation:
2
1
Given: f (x) 𝑒 −(𝑥−10)72
for -∞<x<∞
√72𝑥
2
1
f(x) 6 𝑒 −(𝑥−10)72
√2𝑥

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on company
− (𝑥−μ)2
1
f (x) 6 𝑒 2(𝑜′ )2
√2𝑥
we get
Ơ = 6, 𝜇 = 10
First quartile 𝑄1 = 𝜇 – 0.675Ơ
= 10-0.675×6
= 10-4.05
= 5.95

Question 4
An example of bi-parametric discrete probability distribution is
(a) Binomial distribution (b) Poisson distribution
(c) Normal distribution (d) Both a and b
Answer: d
Explanation:
Binomial distribution is an example of a bi- parametric discrete probability
distribution.

Question 5
Probability distribution may be
(a) Discrete (b) Continuous
(c) Infinite (d) a or b
Answer: d
Explanation:
Probability distribution may be discrete or continuous.

Question 6
If the area of standard normal curve between z = 0 to z = 1 is 0.3413, then
the value of ø (1) is.
(a) 0.5000 (b) 0.8413
(c) -0.5000 (d) 1
Answer: b
Explanation:
The area of standard of normal curve between z = 0 to z = 1 is 0.3413 then
Ø (1) = 0.3413 + 0.5
0.8413

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NOV - 2018
Question 1
For a poisson variate X, P(X = 2) = 3P (X = 4), then the standard deviation of
X is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) √2 (d) 3
Answer: c
Explanation:
For Poisson Variate X,
𝑒 − 𝑚 𝑚2 3𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚4
=
2! 4!
𝑚2 3𝑚4
=
2 4!
6m = 24 m2
4
24
𝑚2 =
6
𝑚2 = 4
m =2
S.D. = √𝑚 = √2

Question 2
𝟏
The mean of the Binomial distribution B (𝟒, ) is equal to
𝟑
3 8
(a) (b)
5 3
3 4
(c) (d)
4 3
Answer: d
Explanation:
1
X 4 B (n, P) = B (4, )
3
1
We get n = 4, P =
3
Mean = np
1 4
=4× =
3 3

Question 3
If for a normal distribution Q1 = 54.52 and Q3 = 78.86, then the median of
the distribution is
(a) 12.17 (b) 12.17
(c) 66.369 (d) None
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Answer: c
Explanation:
Q1 = 54.52 and Q3 = 78.86
We know that
Q1 = 𝜇-0.675 = 54.52 ________ (1)
Q3 = 𝜇-0.675 = 78.86 ________ (2)
On adding
2𝜇 = 133.38
133.28
𝜇=
2
𝜇 = 66.69
In normal distribution Mean, Median and mode are equal.
So, Median = Mean = 66.369

Question 4
What is the mean of X having the following density function?
𝟏 𝒙−𝟏𝟎 𝒆
F(X) = 𝟒 e( ) for -∞<x<∞
√𝟐𝑿 𝟑𝟐
(a) 10 (b) 4
(c) 40 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given Normal distribution
1 𝑥−10 𝑒
F(x) = 4 e( ) for -∞<x<∞
√2𝑋 32
On comparing from
1 𝑥−10 𝑒
f (x)= 4 e( ) for -∞<x<∞
√2𝑥 32
on comparing from
𝑥−𝜇
1
f (X) = Ơ 𝑒 2(0′)2
√2𝑥
we get
Mean (𝜇) = 10
0’ = 4

Question 5
𝟏
The probability that a student is not a Swimmer is , then the probability
𝟓
that out of five student four are swimmer is
4 4 1 1 4 4
(a) ( ) ( ) (b) 5𝐶1 ( ) ( )
5 5 5 5

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4 1 1 4 (d) None
(c) 5𝑐4 ( ) ( )
5 5
Answer: c
Explanation:
Given:
1
Probability that a student is not a swimmer (q) =
5
1 4
Probability that a student is a swimmer (P) = 1-q = 1- =
5 5
Total No. of student (n) = 5
P (Exactly 4 student are swimmer)
= P (x=4)
4 1 1 4
5𝑐4 ( ) ( ) { P (x = n) = 𝑛𝑐𝑛.𝑝𝑥 .𝑞𝑛−𝑥 }
5 5

MAY - 2019
Question 1
If mean and variance are 5 and 3 respectively then relation between p & q
is
(a) p > q (b) p < q
(c) p = q (d) p is symmetric
Answer: b
Explanation:
If mean and variance are 5 and 3 respectively then relation between p & q is p < q

Question 2
If Y ≥ 𝒙 then mathematical expectation is
(a) E(X) > E(Y) (b) E(X) ≤ 𝐸(𝑌)
(c) E (x) = E (Y) (d) E (X). E(Y) = 1
Answer: b
Explanation:
E(X) ≤ E(Y)

Question 3
4 coins were tossed 1600 times. What is the probability that all 4 coins do
not turn head upward at a time?
(a) 1600𝑒 −100 (b) 1000𝑒 −100
(c) 100𝑒 −1600 (d) 𝑒 −100
Answer: d
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Probability of Head = 1/2

Probability of not head = 1 - 1/2 = 1/2
probability that all 4 coins do not turn head upward at a time
= 1 - Probability that 4 coins turn head upward at a time
= 1 - ⁴C₄(1/2)⁴(1/2)⁰
= 1 - 1/16
= 15/16
15/16 is the probability that all 4 coins do not turn head upward at a time
1600 * 15/16 = 1500
1500 times all 4 coins do not turn head upward at a time

Question 4
In _______________ distribution, mean = variance:
(a) Binomial (b) Poisson
(c) Normal (d) None of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
Poisson; np=npq
Np = mean
Npq = variance

Question 5
In a Binomial Distribution, if p = q, then P(X = x) is given by
(a) 𝑛𝐶𝑥 (0.5)𝑛 (b) nCn (0.5)n
(c) nCx p(n-x) (d) nCn p(n-x)
Answer: a
Explanation:
If p = q, then p = 0.5
Substituting in P(x) = nCx pxq (n-x) we get nCn (0.5) n.

NOV - 2019
Question 1
Area under U = 30’
(a) 99.73% (b) 99%
(c) 100% (d) 99.37%
Answer: a
Explanation:

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(a) We know that 99.37 percent of the values of a normal variable lies between (u
- 3Ơ) and (u + 3Ơ).
Thus probability that a value of x lies. Outside the limit is as low as
(100 – 99.73) = 0.27%

Question 2
For a Poisson distribution:
(a) mean and SD are equal (b) mean and variance are equal
(c) SD and Variance (d) Both a and b
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) Poisson distribution is theoretical discrete probability distribution which can
describe many processes
Mean is given by m i.e. U = m
Variance is also given by m i.e. o2 = m
So in pass on distribution mean and variance are equal.

Question 3
𝟏
Find mode when n = 15 and p = in binomial distribution?
𝟒
(a) 4 (b) 4 and 3
(c) 4.2 (d) 3.7
Answer: b
Explanation:
(b) In binomial distribution,
m = (n + 1) p
1
m = (15 + 1) ×
4
m=4
Since 4 is a integer so there will 2 modes
4 and (4 – 1)
Mode = 4 and 3

Question 4
𝟏
In Poisson distribution, if P (x = 2) = p (x = 3) find m?
𝟐
(a) 3 (b)
1
6
(c) 6 (d)
1
3
Answer: c

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Explanation:
𝑒 −𝑚 .𝑚2
(c) In Poisson distribution P(x = x) =
𝑥!
1
Here P (x = 2) = P(x = 3)
2
𝑒 −𝑚 .𝑚2 1 𝑒 −𝑚 .𝑚3
= ×
2! 2 3!

𝑒 −𝑚 .𝑚2 1 𝑒 −𝑚 .𝑚3
= ×
2! 2 3!
𝑚2 1 𝑚3
= ×
2 2 6
2 1
𝑚2 = = 𝑚3
12 6
1
𝑚−1
6
1 1
= =𝑚=6
𝑚 6

Question 5
In a binomial distribution B(n, p)
n = 4 P(x = 2) = 3 × P (x = 3) find P
1 2
(a) (b)
3 3
6 4
(c) (d)
4 3
Answer: a
Explanation:
We know P(x = 1) = n Cr (p)r (q)n-r
Here p(x = 2) = 3 P(x = 3)
4𝑐2 (𝑝)2 (𝑞)4−2 = 3 × 4c3 (p)3(q)1
4! 4!
(𝑝)2 (1 – p2 = 3 × × (𝑝)3 (1 – p)
(4−2)1×2! (4−3)1×3!
𝑛!
Since n Cr = (𝑛−𝑟)!1×𝑟!
6 × (1 – p) =3 × 4 p
6 – 6p = 12 p
18 p = 6
1
P=
3
1 2
q= 1 - =
3 3
What is the SD and mean

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𝑥− 𝜇
√2
X if f(x) = .𝑒 2 0′2 ____________ (1)
√П
2
Here,√ . 𝑒 −2 (𝑥 − 3)2
П
2
2 1−3
=√ .e–( 1 )
П
2
On comparing with equation ----------- (1)
1
2 02 = u = 3
2
1
O2 =
4
1
O=
2
1
So SD = , mean = 3
2

DEC - 2020
Question1
Which of the following is uni-parametric distribution?
(a) Normal (b) Poisson
(c) Binomial (d) Hyper geometric
Answer: b
Explanation:
Poisson distribution is uniparametric distribution. the parameter is m which is
mean=np

Question2
If the probability of success in a binomial distribution is less than one –
half, then the binomial distribution ______
(a) Is skewed to left (b) Is skewed to right
(c) Has two modes (d) Has median at a point > mean
+½
Answer: b
Explanation:
Is skewed to right

Question3
If we change the parameter(s) of a ______ distribution the Sharpe of
probability curve does not change.

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(a) Binomial (b) Normal

(c) Poisson (d) Non – Gaussian
Answer: b
Explanation:
If we change the parameter(s) of abnormal distribution the Sharpe of probability
curve does not change.

Question4
Which one of the following has Poisson distribution?
(a) The number of days to get a (b) The number of defects per
Complete cure meter on Long roll Of coated
Polythene sheet.
(c) The errors obtained in (d) The number of claims rejected
repeated Measuring of The By an Insurance agency.
Length of a rod.
Answer: b
Explanation:
The number of defects per meter on long roll of coated polythene sheet.

Question5
For a Poisson distributed variable X, we have P(X = 7) = 8. P (X = 9), the
mean of the distribution is
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 7 (d) 9
Answer: b
Explanation:
𝜆7 𝑒 −𝜆 8. 𝜆9 𝑒 −𝜆 9!
P(X = n) = = 𝜆2
7! 9! 7! × 8
𝜆 =3

Question6
The quartile deviation of a normal distribution with mean 10 and standard
deviation 4 is _____
(a) 54.24 (b) 23.20
(c) 0.275 (d) 2.70
Answer: d
Explanation:
In normal distribution, quartile deviation is related to standard deviation as
Q.D. = 0.675 σ
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Q.D. = 0.675 × 4
Q.D. = 2.70
Therefore, quartile deviation is 2.70.

Question7
If the parameter of poison distribution is m and (mean + S.D.= 25 6 then
find m.
3 1
(a) (b)
25 25
4 3
(c) (d)
25 5
Answer: b
Explanation:
Let, Mean of the Poisson distribute =μ
For a Poisson distribution,
Standard Deviation (SD)=√mean
⇒ SD=√μ
6
Mean+SD= (Given)
25
6
μ+√μ=
25
6
⇒√μ = - μ
25
On squaring both sides,
6 2
(√μ)2( − μ)
25
12 36
μ =μ2− μ+
25 625
37 36
⇒0=μ − μ +
2
25 625
1 36
⇒0=(μ − ) (μ − )
25 25
1 36
⇒μ= ,
25 25
Maximum likelihood estimate of a sample from Poisson Distribution is the
sample mean which is equal to parameter of Poisson's Distribution.
1
⇒ μ=m=
25
1
∴ The correct option is B
25

Jan - 2021
Question1

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If X is a poisson variable, and P (X = 1 = P(X = 2), then P(X = 4) is

2 2
(a) 𝑒 2 (b) 𝑒 4
3 3
3 2 3
(c) 𝑒 (d) 𝑒 4
2 2
Answer: a
Explanation:
e−u μx
P(x: μ) =
x!
P X = 1 = P(X = 2)
( )
e−u μ1 e−u μ2
=
1! 2!
μ=2
e−u μx 2 2
P(X = 4) = = e
4! 3

Question2
Which one of the following is an uniparametric distribution?
(a) Poisson (b) Normal
(c) Binomial (d) Hyper geometric
Answer: a
Explanation:
Poisson distribution is uniparametric distribution. The parameter is m which is
mean=np. Bcz it has λ as a parameter.

Question3
For a normal distribution, the value of third moment about mean is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
Answer: a
Explanation:
E[(X−μ)3]=0 since X−μ is normally distributed with mean zero, then expand out
the cube. If the distribution of a random variable X is symmetric about 0,
meaning Pr(X>x)=Pr(X<−x) for every x>0, then its third moment, if it exists at all,
must be 0, as must all of its odd-numbered moments.

July - 2021
Question 1
If is a Position variate such that I (x = 1) = 0.7, P (x =2) = 0.3, then P (x =0) =
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(a) e6/7 (b) e-6/7

(c) e-2/3 (d) e-1/3
Answer: Options (b)
In a poisson variate
P(x = 1) = 0.7 and p (X = 2) 0.3
𝑒 −𝑚 .𝑚1 𝑒 −𝑚 .𝑚2
= 0.7 = 0.3
1! 2!
𝑒 −𝑚 .m = 0.7 ________ (1) 𝑒 𝑚 = 0.3 ×2!
−𝑚 2

𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚2 = 0.3 ×2
𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚2 = 06 ________ (2)
Eq (1) / eq (2)
𝑒 −𝑚 .𝑚 0.7
=
𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚2 0.6
m = 6/7
𝑒 −𝑚 .𝑚0
Now p (x = 0)=
0!
6
− .1
𝑒 7
=
1
=𝑒 −6/7

Question 2
If X is a binomial variate with p = 1/3 for, the experiment of 90 trials, then
the standard deviation is equal to
(a) −√5 (b) √5
(c) 2√5 (d) √15
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
P if x ~ B (n, p)
Here n = 90, p = 1/3 q = 1 – p
1
=1-
3
2
=
3
S.D. = √𝑛𝑝𝑞
1 2
= √90 × ×
3 3
= √20
S.D. = 2 √5

Question 3

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For a certain type of mobiles, the length of time between charges of the
battery is normally distributed with a mean of 50 hours and a standard
deviation of 15 hours. A person owns one of these mobiles and want to
know the probability the Length of time will be between 50 and 70 hours is
(Given⏀(1.33) = 0.9082, ⏀(0) = 0.5)
(a) -0.4082 (b) 0.5
(c) 0.4082l (d) -0.5
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
Given,
μ=50 (mean)
σ=15 (standard/deviation)
find the probability for 50<x<70
Converting the problem in standard form
(x−μ)
Z=
σ
for x=50,
Z=0
For x=70,
Z= (70−50)/15=1.33
For finding the probability for 50<x<70
In the standard form 0<z<1.33
using Z-table, the area is equal to 0.4082

Question 4
In normal distribution mean, media and mode are:
(a) Zero (b) Not equal
(c) Equal (d) Null
Answer: Option (c)
Explanation:
In normal Distribution, Mean, Median and mode are equal.

Question 5
Which of the following diagram is the most appropriate to represents
various heads in total cost?
(a) Pie chart (b) Bar graph
(c) Multiple line chart (d) Scatter plot
Answer: Option (c)
Explanation:

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Pie chart is the most appropriate to represents various heads in total cost.

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CHAPTER - 17
CORRELATION AND
REGRESSION

Bivariate Correlation
Data Analysis

Bivariate Frequency
Distribution
Types of
Measures of
Correlation
Correlation
Marginal Conditional
Distribution Distribution

Positive Negative
Correlation Correlation

Karl PersonProduct Spearmar’sC Coefficientof

Scatter Momentcorrelation orrelation Concurrent
Diagram Coefficient Coefficient Devations

Regression
Analysis Least Squares Regression
method equation y on x
Estimationof
Regression
Regression Regression
Analysis equation x on y
Lines

Correlation
Thechangeinonevariableisreciprocatedbyacorrespondin
gchangeintheothervariable
eitherdirectlyorinversely,thenthetwovariablesareknown

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tobeassociatedorcorrelated

Types of correlation

MEASURES
OFCORRELATION

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The ‘coefficient of non-determination’ is given by (1–r2)

and can be interpreted as the ratio of unexplained
variance to the total variance.
Point to signify
The two lines of regression coincide i.e. become identical
when r = –1 or 1 or in other words, there is a perfect
negative or positive correlation between the two
variables under discussion. If r = 0 Regression lines are
perpendicular to each other
The two lines of regression intersect at the point, where
x and y are the variables under consideration
There aggression coefficients remain
unchanged due to a shift of origin but change
due to a shift of scale.

Question 1

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The table below show the height, x, in inches and the pulse rate y, per
minute for 9 people find the correlation coefficient and interpret your
result.
X 68 72 65 70 62 75 78 64 68
Y 90 85 88 100 105 98 70 65 72

(a) 0.69 (b) 0.56

(c) 0.15 (d) None
Answer: c
Explanation:
You may the use the fact that (double check this for practice)
∑ x= 622’ ∑y = 773, ∑ x2 = ∑y2 = 68.007, ∑ x y= 53,336
Calculate the numerator
𝑥 2 = 43206
𝑦 2 = 68007
n∑ (xy) - (∑𝑥 )(∑ 𝑦)= 9.53336 – 622.773 = -782
2 2
√𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥) √𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 2 − (∑ 𝑦)

= √9.43206 − (622)2 . √9.68007 − (773)2

= √1970. √14534 = 5350.89
−782
Now, divide to get r = = 0.15
5350.89

Question 2
In the previous problem the researcher decides to use data only for
adults age 21 to 60 to compute a correlation coefficient what value of r
should he expect?
(a) r = 0 (b) r ≠ 0
(c) r < 0 (d) r > 0
Answer: a
Explanation:
r = 0. It is unexpected that mathematical ability and shoe size varies
together

Question 3
The following data relate to the test scores obtained eight salesmen in
an aptitude test and their daily sales in thousands of rupees:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
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Scores 60 55 62 56 62 64 70 54
Sales 31 28 26 24 30 35 28 24

(a) 48 (b) 56
(c) 4.5 (d) 0.48
Answer: d
Explanation:
24+35
As b = = 30
2
Scores Sales in ui=xi Vi = yi – Ui vi (6) = (U (7)
(xi) 1000(yi) =62 30 (5)=(3)× i) 2 (Vi)2
(i) (2) (3) (4) (4)
60 31 -2 1 -2 4 1
55 28 -7 -2 14 49 4
62 26 0 4 0 0 16
56 24 -6 -6 36 36 36
62 30 0 0 0 0 0
64 35 2 5 10 4 25
70 28 8 -2 -16 64 4
54 24 -8 6 48 64 36
Total _ -13 -14 90 221 122
Since correlation coefficient remain unchanged due to change of origin we
have

Question 4
If r = 0.7; and n = 64 find out the probable error of the coefficient of
correlation.
(a) 0.043 (b) 0.43
(b) 0.747, 0.657 (d) 0.7
Answer: a
Explanation:
r = 0.7: n = 64
1− r2
P.E. = 0.67745 × [ ]
√n
1−(0.7)2
Probable Error (P.E) = 0.6745 ×
√64
= (0.6745) × (0.06375)
= 0.043

Question 5

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Compute the probable error assuming the correlation coefficient of 0.8

from a sample of 25 pairs of item
(a) 0.0486 (b) 0.0456
(c) 0.0567 (d) 0.0789
Answer: a
Explanation:
r = 0.8, n = 25
P.E. = 0. 6745
1 − (0.8)2
√25
= 0.6745 ×0.07 = 0.0486

Question 6
Difference between Correlation and Causation
(a) The variable mutually influence (b) The correlated variables are
each other so that neither can influenced By one or more
be called the causes of other variables.
(c) Pure change correlation (d) All
Answer: d
Explanation:
The term correlation should not be misunderstood as causation if
correlation exists between two variables it must not be assumed that a
changed in one variable is the cause of a change in over variable.

Question 7
For some bivarilate data the following result were obtained the two
variable X and Y:
x = 53.2, y = 27.9 bvx = - 1.5 bxy = -0.2
The most probable value of y when x = 60 is
(a) 15.6 (b) 13.4
(c) 19.7 (d) 17.7
Answer: d
Explanation:
The regression equation of y of x is:
y – y = by x (x-x)
= y – 27.9 = (-1.5) (x – 53.2)
Or y = 107.7 – 1.5x
When x = 60 then
y = 107.7 – 1.5 ×60= 17.7

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Question 9
If the sum of square of the rank difference in mathematics and physics
marks of 10 students is 22, then the coefficient of rank correlation is:
(a) 0.267 (b) 0.867
(c) 0.92 (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
Co. efficient of rank correlation
6 ∑𝑑 2
1-
𝑛(𝑛2 −1)
6×22
1-
10(102 −1)
6 ×2
1−
10 × 9
13 =
0. 867 (Approx.)
15

Question 10
The coefficient of correlation r between x and y when: Cov (x, y) = -
16.5, Var (x) = 2.89, Var (y) = 100is:
(a) -0.97 (b) 0.97
(c) 0.89 (d) – 0.89
Answer: a
Explanation:
𝐶𝑜𝑣 (𝑥,𝑦)
r=
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦
𝐶𝑜𝑣 (𝑥,𝑦)
Or r =
√𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦 (𝑥)− 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦 (𝑦)
− 16.5
√2.89 × 100
= - 0.97

Question11
Two random variable have the regression line 3x + 2y = 26 and 6x + y
= 31. The coefficient of correlation between x and y is:
(a) -0.25 (b) -0.5
(c) 0.5 (d) 0.25
Answer: c
Explanation:
The regression lines 3x + 2y = 26 and 6x + y = 31 are given

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Let first equation be y on x sand second be x only respectively therefore, 3x

+ 2y = 26
−3
=( ) 𝑥 + 26
2
∴byx = -3/2
and 6x + y = 31
−1 31
= x = ( )x + ( )
6 6
By = -1/6 Now
𝑟 2 𝑏𝑦𝑥. 𝑏𝑥𝑦
−3 −1
= ( ) ×( )
2 6
= 0.25
r= 0.5
Hence, our assumption hold true hold and r = 0.5 (- 1 r 1)
Note r is negative because byx and bxy = 0

Question 12
The coefficient of correlation between X and Y is 0.6 U and V are two
𝒙−𝟑 𝒚−𝟐
variable defined as U = ,V= , then the coefficient of correlation
𝟐 𝟑
between U and V is:
(a) 0.6 (b) 0.8
(c) 0.4 (d) 1
Answer: a
Explanation:
Since correlation coefficient (Karl Pearson`s) is independence of both
scale and origin therefore,
p (u,v) = p(x,y) = 0.6
it may be noted that if
𝝻, = ax, + b and V; = CY; + d then
r (u,v) = P (x,y) if an and care of same signs
P (x,y) if a and c are of opposite sing

Question 13
For the following data the coefficient of rank correlation is:
Rank in Botany 1 2 3 4 5
Rank in 2 3 1 5 4
Chemistry

(a) 0.93 (b) 0.4

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(c) 0.6 (d) None

Answer: c
Explanation:
S No. Rank in Rank in d = (xi) – (yi) d2
Botany(xi) Chem (yi)
1 1 2 -1 1
2 2 3 -1 1
3 3 1 2 4
4 4 5 -1 1
5 5 4 1 1
Total 0 8
Hence coefficient of rank correction
6 ×8
1- (52
5 − 1)
2
S = 1- = 0.6
5

Question 14
The following data is given on 450 students for marks is statistics and
Economic at a certain examination
Mean marks in statistics = 40
Mean marks in economics = 48
S.D. of marks (statistics) = 12
Variance of marks (Economics) = 256
Sum of the products of deviation of
Marks from their respective mean = 42075
The average marks in economics of candidates who obtained 50 marks
in statistics is:
(a) 45 (b) 54
(c) 54.5 (d) 47.5
Answer: c
Explanation:
Let x = marks statistics
and y = marks in Economics
we know that
(∑𝑑𝑥 ×𝑑𝑦)
rxy = ∑
𝑛 ×𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦
Where dx = x1 - 𝑥̅ and dy = y1 - 𝑦̅
(42075)
rxy = = 0.49
450×12×16
Now regression equation of y on x
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𝑟𝑜𝑦(𝑥− 𝑥)
̅̅̅
y - 𝑦̅ =
𝜎𝑥
0.49 ×16
= y – 48 = × (x-40)
12
= y = 0.65 then
y = 0.65x – 26 + 48
y = 0.65 x + 22
x = 50

Question 15
For 10 pair of observation, number of concurrent deviation was found
to be 4. What is the value of the coefficient deviation?
(a) √0.2 (b) -√0.2
(c) 1/3 (d) – 1/3
Answer: d
Explanation:
Here C = 4, N= 10, So
n = N -1 = 10 -1 = 9
+ (2𝑐 –𝑛)
rc = +√
𝑛
(2 ×4−9)
rc = + ñ
9
Here (2c – n) is negative so negative sign is take at both the place so rc = (-
1)/3

Question16
Karl Pearson`s formula:
[𝑁 ∑ 𝑋𝑌−(∑ 𝑋)[(∑ 𝑌)] 𝑛(∑ 𝑥𝑦)−(∑ 𝑋)(∑ 𝑌)
(a) (b) r =
2 2
√[𝑁 ∑ 𝑋 −(∑ 𝑋 )] √[𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 −(∑ 𝑥)2 ][𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 2 −(∑ 𝑦)2 ]
(c) Either a or b (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑛(∑ 𝑥𝑦)−(∑ 𝑋)(∑ 𝑌)
r=
√[𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 −(∑ 𝑥) ][𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 −(∑ 𝑦)2 ]
2 2 2

Where
N = number of pairs of scores
∑xy = sum or the products or paired scores
∑x = sum of x scores
∑y = sum of y scores
∑x2 = sum of squared x scores

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∑y2 = sum of squared y scores

Question 17
If the coefficient of correlation between x and Y variable is +0. 90 then
what will be coefficient of determination?
(a) 0.39 (b) 0.81
(c) 0.94 (d) None of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
If Coeff. Of Correlation ® = 0.90
Coeff .of Determination = r2
= (0.90)2
= 0. 81

Question 18
The two lines of regression become identical when
(a) 0.4 (b) 0.6
(c) 0.36 (d) 0.64
Answer: c
Explanation:
If r = 0.6
Then Coeff, of determination = r2
= (0.6)2
= 0.36

Question 19
There two regression lines passing through
(a) Represent means (b) Represent S. Ds
(c) (a) and (b) (d) None of these
Answer: a
Explanation:
The two regressions lines passing through or (Intersect) at their means.

Question 20
The regression equation x and y is 3x + 2y = 100 value of b xy
2 3
(a) - (b) -
3 2
2 100
(c) (d)
3 2
Answer: a

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Explanation:
The regression equation of x & y is
3x + 2y = 100
3x + 2y – 100 = 0
𝐶𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 2
bxy = - =-
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 3

Question 21
In beauty contest there were 10 competitors of these candidates
assigned by two judge A and b the sum of squares of difference of rank
is 44. The value of rank correlation is:
(a) 0.70 (b) 0.73
(c) 0.80 (d) 0.60
Answer: b
Explanation:
Sum of square of difference of rank (∑d2) = 44
rR=?
∑𝑑 2
rR = 1 – 6
𝑛(𝑛2 −1 )
6 ×4
1–
10 (102 −1 )
6 ×44
1−
10 ×99
= 1 – 0.267
= 0. 733
So answer be 0.73

Question 22
If two regression lines are x + y = 1 and x – y = 1 then mean value of x
and y will be:
(a) 0 and 1 (b) 1 and 1
(c) 1 and 0 (d) None
Answer: c
Explanation:
Given Regression line
2
=> x = = 1
2
x = 1 in equation (1) we get
1–y=1
y=0
Mean of x =x = 1
Mean of y = y= 0
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Hence 1 and 0

Question 23
The coefficient of correlation between x and y is 0.6 If x and y value are
multiplied by 1 then the coefficient will be
(a) 0.6 (b) 1-0.6
(c) 1/0.6 (d) -0.6
Answer: a
Explanation:
The coefficient of correlation between X and Y is 0.6 If x and y values are
multiplied by 1 then coefficient remains unchanged then are coefficient of
correlation will be 0.6

Question 24
The coefficient of correlation between the temperature of
environment and power consumption is always:
(a) +ve (b) - ve
(c) 0 (d) = 1
Answer: a
Explanation:
The coefficient of correlation between the temperature of environment and
power consumption is always positive.

Question 25
Out of the following the one which the regression coefficient is
(a) Change origin only (b) Change of scale only
(c) Change of scale and origin both (d) Neither a nor b
Answer: b
Explanation:
By shifting the scale, coefficient of regression is changed.

Question 26
When the correlation coefficient r is equal to + 1 all the point in a
scatter diagram would be
(a) On a straight line direct from (b) On a straight direction from
upper left to lower right lower left upper right
(c) On a straight line (d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer: b
Explanation:

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When the correlation coefficient r is equal to + 1 all the point in a scatter

diagram on a straight line directed from lower left to upper right.

Question 27
In case of ``Insurance companies” profit and the number of claim they
have to pay there is -----correlation.
(a) +ve (b) -ve
(c) No relation (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
In case of ``Insurance companies” profit and the number of claim they have
to pay their pay there is Negative correlation:

Question 28
If the correlation coefficient between two variables is zero then the
lines of regression are
(a) Parallel (b) Perpendicular
(c) Coincide (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
If the correlation coefficient between two variables is zero then the lines of
regression are perpendicular

Question 29
Their competitors in a contest are ranked by two judges in the order 1,
2, 3 and 2, 3, 1 respective Calculate the spearman`s rank correlation
coefficient.
(a) -0.5 (b) -0.8
(c) 0.8 (d) 0.5
Answer: a
Explanation:
Rank by 1st Rank by 2nd Judge Diff D= R1 – R2 D2
judge R1 R2
1 2 -1 1
2 3 -1 1
3 1 +2 4
∑𝑑2 = 6
Here n = 3

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∑𝑑 2
Spearman`s Rank Correlation Coefficient = 1 – 6
𝑛 (𝑛2 −1)
6 ×6
=1−
3(32 −1)
= -0.5

Question 30
The strength (degree) of the correlation between a set of independent
variables X and dependent variable Y is measured by
(a) Coefficient of Correlation (b) Standard error of estimate
(c) Coefficient Determination (d) All of these
Answer: d
Explanation:
The strength (degree) of the correlation between a set of independent
variables X and dependent variable Y is measured through
➢ Coefficient of Correlation
➢ Standard error of estimate
➢ Coefficient Determination

Question 31
The percent of told variation of the dependent variable Y explained by
the set of independent variables X is measured by:
(a) Coefficient of Correlation (b) Standard error of estimate
(c) Coefficient Determination (d) Coefficient of skewness
Answer: c
Explanation:
The coefficient of determination (denoted by R?) is a key output of
regression analysis an R2 of 0 means that the dependent variable cannot be
predicted from the independent variable An R2 of 1 means the dependents
variable can be predicted without error from the independent variable

Question 32
A coefficient of correlation is computed to be -0.95 means that
(a) The relationship between two (b) The relationship two variables
variables is weak is strong and positive
(c) The relationship between two (d) Correlation coefficient cannot
variables is strong and but have this value
negative
Answer: c
Explanation:

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A coefficient of correlation is compute to be -0.95 means that relationship

between two variables is strong and but negative

Question 33
Let the coefficient of determination computed to be 0.39 in a problem
involving one independent variable and one dependent variable this
result means that
(a) The relationship between two (b) The correlation coefficient is
variables is negative 0.39 also
(c) 39% of the total variation is (d) 39% of the total variation
explained by the independent explained by the dependent
variable variables
Answer: c
Explanation:
The coefficient of determination computed to be 0.39 in a problem involving
one independent variable and one dependent variable. 39% of the total
variation is explained by the independent variable.

Question 34
Relationship between correlation coefficient and coefficient of
determination is that:
(a) The coefficient of determination (b) The coefficient determination is
is the square of coefficient of the square root of the
correlation coefficient of correction
(c) Both are unrelated (d) Both are equal
Answer: a
Explanation:
Coefficient of correlation is ``R” value which given in the summary table in
the regression output. R square is called coefficient of determination
multiply R times R to get the R value. In other word coefficient of
correlation R square or Coeff. of determination shows percentage variation
and in y which is explained by all the x variable together higher the better it
is always between 0 and 1. it can never be negative – since is a squared
value.
It is easy to explain the R square in term of regression it is not so easy to
explain the R in terms of regression.

Question 35

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For a bivariate data two tines of re regression are 40 x – 18y = 214 and
8x – 10y + 66 = 0 then find the value of x and y
(a) 17 and 13 (b) 13 and 17
(c) 15 and 17 (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
Given: 40 x −18y = 214
8x: - 10y = - 66
on solving (1) and (2) we get
x =13 and y = 17
∴ x = 13 and y = 17

Question 36
In multiple regression when the global test of significance is rejected
we can conclude that:
(a) All of the net sample regression (b) All of the sample regression
coefficient are equal to zero coefficient are not equal to zero
(c) At least one sample regression (d) The regression equation
coefficient is not equal to zero intersects the y – axis at zero
Answer: c
Explanation:
In multiple regression when the global test of significance is rejected we can
conclude that at least one simple regression coefficient is not equal to zero.

Question 37
Correlation Coefficient value lies between
(a) – 1 and + 1 (b) 0 and 1
(c) -1 and 0 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
The strength of the linear association between two variables is qualified by
the correlation coefficient the correlation coefficient always takes a value
between -1 and 1 with 1 or -1 indicating perfect correlation (all point would
lie along a straight line in this case)

Question 38
In correlation both variables are always
(a) Random (b) Non Random
(c) Same (d) None

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Answer: a
Explanation:
Complete correlation between two variables is expressed by either + 1 or -1
when one variable increases the correlation is positive when on decrease as
the order increases it is negative complete absence of correlation is
represented by 0.

Question 39
The table below shows the number of absence x, in a calculsis course
and the final exam grade y for 7 student find the correlation
coefficient.
x 1 0 2 6 4 3 3
y 95 90 90 55 70 80 85

(a) 0.38 (b) -0.38

(c) 0.62 (d) -0.93
Answer: d
Explanation:
You may use the facts that (double check this for practice)
∑x = 19, ∑y = 565, ∑x2= 75, ∑y2= 46,775, ∑ xy = 1, 380
Calculate the numerator:
n ∑(xy) −(∑𝑥)(∑𝑦) = 7.1380 −19 × 565 = - 1075
Then the calculate the denominator;
√[𝑛 (𝑥 2 ) − (𝑥 )2 ]√[𝑛 (𝑦 2 ) − (𝑦)2 ]
(525 − 369). [327425 − 319225]

Question 40
Two regression lines are parallel to each other if their slope is
(a) Random (b) Non Random
(c) Same (d) None
Answer: c
Explanation:
When there is a reasonable amount of scatter we can draw to different
regression lines depending upon which variable we consider to be the most
accurate The first is a line of regression of y on x which can be used to
estimate y given x the other is a line of regression of x on y used to estimate
x given y Hence two regression lines are parallel to each other if their slope
is same

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Question 41
When regression line passes through the origin then
(a) Regression coefficient is zero (b) Correlation is zero
(c) Intercept is zero (d) Association is zero
Answer: c
Explanation:
Prism linear regression analysis fits a straight line through your data and
lets you force the line to go through the origin this is useful when you are
sure that the line must begin at the origin (x = 0and y = 0) Prism`s nonlinear
regression offers the equation line through origin.

Question 42
The table below shows the number of absence, x in a calculate course
and the final exam grand, y for 7 student find the correlation
coefficient.
x 1 0 2 6 4 3 3
y 85 80 70 55 90 90 95

(a) 0.38 (b) 0.6

(c) -0.38 (d) 0.62
Answer: c
Explanation:
There are 7 ordered pairs (x, y) so n = 7 Calculate the needed sums:
X Y X2 Y2 xy
1 85 1 7225 85
0 80 0 6400 0
2 70 4 4900 140
6 55 36 3025 330
4 90 16 8100 360
3 90 9 8100 270
3 95 9 9025 285
X = 19 Y = 565 X2 = 75 Y2 = 46775 Xy= 1470

Calculation the numerator: n ∑ (xy) – (∑𝑥 )(∑𝑦)

= 7. 1470 -19. 565
= - 445
Then calculate the denominator:

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2 2
√𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥) √𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 2 − (∑ 𝑦)

= √7.75 − (19)2 . √746775 − (565)2

= √164. √8200 = 1159.66
−445
Now, divide to get r = = -0.38
1159.66

Question 43
If two variables oppose each other than the correlation will be
(a) Positive Correlation (b) Negative Correlation
(c) Perfect Correlation (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
A correlation of zero means there is no relationship between the two
variables, when there is a negative correlation between two variables as the
value of one variable increase the value of the other variable decrease and
vise- versa

Question 44
The time x in years that an employee spent at a company and the
employee`s hourly pay, y for 5 employees are listed in the table below.
Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient r. Include a plot of
the data in your discussion
(a) 0.38 (b) -097
(c) 0.62 (d) None
Answer: d
Explanation:
X Y X2 Y2 xy
5 25 25 625 125
3 20 9 400 60
4 21 16 441 84
10 35 100 1225 350
15 38 225 1444 570
X = 37 Y=139 X2 375 Y2 = 4135 XY = 1189
Hint Calculate the numerator:
n ∑ (xy) – (∑𝑥 )(∑𝑦) = 5. 1189− 37. 139= 802

Then calculate the denominator

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= √𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥 )2 √𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 2 − (∑ 𝑦)2

=√5 × 375 − (37)2 . √5.4135 − (37)2

= √506. √1354 = 827.72
802
Now divide to get r = = 0.97
827.72

Question45
Identify the true correlation
(a) -1 & 1 (b) -1 & 0
(c) 0& 1 (d) All are true
Answer: a
Explanation:
This will always be a number between -1 and 1 (inclusive)
• If is close to 1 we say that the variables are positively correlated. This
means there is likely a strong linear relationship between the two
variables with a positive slope.
• If is close to-1 we say that the variable are negatively correlated this
means there is likely a strong linear relationship between the two
variable with a negative slope.
• If r is close to 0, we say that the variables are not correlation this
means that variables may still be related some other way.

Question 46
A researcher carefully computes the correlation coefficient between
two variables and gets r = 1.23 what does this value mean?
(a) -1< r < 1 (b) -1> r > 1
(c) Both (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
A error was made all correlation coefficient -1< r < 1

Question 47
If R2 is zero that is no collinearly / Multicollinearity the variance
inflation factor (VIF) will be
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) None
Answer: a

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Explanation:
1
VIF = 2
1−𝑅

Question 48
If the equation of regression line is y = 5, then what result will you take
out from it?
(a) The line is parallel to x- axis (b) The line passes through (5.0)
(c) The line passes through origin (d) The line passes through origin
Answer: a
Explanation:
y = k for one value of y there are infinite value of x

Question 49
The method of least squares finds the best fit line that the error
between observed and estimated point on the line
(a) Reduces to zero (b) Approaches to infinity
(c) Minimize (d) Maximize
Answer: c
Explanation:
The method f least squares finds the best fit line that minimize the error
between observed and estimate points on the line.

Question50
A regression model may be:
(a) Linear (b) Non - linear
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) and (b)
Answer: a
Explanation:
In the regression it appears on the left side of the equal sign, while your can
use regression to predict the dependent variable your always start with a
set of known y value and use these be build (or to calibrate) the regression
model may be linear and nonlinear both

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Past Examination Question

May - 2018
Question1
If the model points are a scatter diagram is evenly distributed then the
correlation is:
(a) 0 (b) -ve
(c) +ve (d) a or b
Answer: a
Explanation:
In the case of a positive correlation, the plotted points are distributed from lower
left corner to upper right corner (in the general pattern of being evenly spread
about a straight line with a positive slope), and in the case of a negative
correlation, the plotted points are spread out about a straight line of a ...

Question2
If the plotted points in a scatter are evenly distributed, then the
correlations zero.
The covariance between variable is
(a) Strictly positive (b) Strictly negative
(c) Always zero. (d) Either positive or negative zero.
Answer: d
Explanation:
The Co- variance between two variables is either positive or negative or zero.

Question3
The coefficient of determination is defined by the formula.
1 –unexpalained variance expalained variance
(a) r2 = (b) r2 =
Total variance Total variance
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None
Answer: c
Explanation:
The coefficient of determination
1 –unexpalained variance
r2 =
Total variance
expalained variance
r2 =
Total variance

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Question4
In the method of concurrent deviations only the directions of change
(positive direction/ Negative direction) in the variable are taken into
account for calculation of
(a) Coefficient of SD (b) Coefficient of regression
(c) Coefficient of correlation (d) None
Answer: c
Explanation:
The method of concurrent deviation only the direction of change (positive
direction/ Negative direction) in the variables are taken into account for
calculation of coefficient of correlation

Question5
Correlation coefficient is----of the units of measurement
(a) Dependent (b) Independent
(c) Both (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
Correlation coefficient is Independent of the units of measurement.

Question 6
In case speed of an automatic and the distance required to stop the car after
applying correlation is
(a) +ve (b) -ve
(c) 0 (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
In case speed of an automatic and the distance required to stop the car after
applying correlation is positive

Question7
𝟓𝟎𝟎
A relationship r2 = 1 - is possible
𝟑𝟎𝟎
(a) True (b) False
(c) Both (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
500
r2 = 1 - is possible
300
−200
r2 = 1 - is not possible
300

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So it is true

Question8
Rank correlation coefficient lies between
(a) -1 to + 1 (b) 0 to 1
(c) -1 to 0 (d) Both
Answer: a
Explanation:
Rank correlation coefficient lies between -1 to +1 inclusive of both value.

Nov - 2018
Question1
The two lines of regression intersect at the point
(a) Mean (b) Mode
(c) Median (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
The two lines of regression intersect at the point is Mean.

Question2
If the two line of regression are x + 2y -5 = 0 and 0, then the regression line
of y on x s:
(a) x + 2y -5 = 0 (b) 2x +3y -8 = 0
(c) x + 2y = 0 (d) 2x + 3y = 0
Answer: a
Explanation:
Given two regression line are
x + 2y 5 = 0 and 2 x +3y -8 =0
−𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓.𝑜𝑓 𝑥 −1 −𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓.𝑜𝑓 𝑦 −3
byx = = and bxy =
𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 2
Here, bxy× 𝑏𝑥𝑦 < 1 which is satisfied
So.1st equation x+2y-5 =0 is the regression equation y on x

Question3
If the two regression line lines are 3x=y and 8y = 6x the value of correlation
coefficient is:
(a) 0.5 (b) -0.5
(c) 0.75 (d) -0.80

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Answer: a
Explanation:
Given
Regression line
3x=y and 8y=6x
3x-y =0 and 6x-8y =0
−𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓.𝑜𝑓 𝑦 −𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓.𝑜𝑓 𝑥
bxy = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑦𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑦
−(−1) −6 3
= =
3 −8 4
1
bxy = bxy = 3/4
3
Coff. of correlation is given by
r = +√𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦
3 1
= +√ ×
4 3
1
=+
4
+1/2
= 0.5

Question4
The regression coefficient is independent of the change of
(a) Scale (b) Origin
(c) Scale and Origin both (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
The regression coefficient is independent of the change of `Origin’

Question5
If the correlation coefficient between the variable X and Y is 0.5, then the
correlation between the variable 2x-4 and 3-2y
Answer:
2x-u -4 =0 and 2y + v-3 = 0
−𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓.𝑜𝑓 𝑢 −𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓.𝑜𝑓 𝑣
b= and 𝑑 =
𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑦
1 −1
d= d=
2 2
Here, b and d both have different sign so ruv = -rxy
= -0.5
May - 2019

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Question1
Given that
x -3 -3/2 0 3/2 3
y 9 9/4 0 9/4 9

(a) Positive (b) Zero

(c) Negative (d) None
Answer: b
Explanation:
x y X2 Y2 xy
-3 9 9 81 -27
-3/2 9/4 9/4 81/16 -27/8
0 0 0 0 0
3/2 9/4 9/4 81/16 27/8
3 9 9 81 27
0 90 45 90 45 2754 0
= =
4 2 4 2 16
1377
=
8
Hence Answer 0

Question2
Given the following series:
x 10 13 12 15 8 15
y 12 6 18 16 7 18
The rank correction coefficient r =
3 𝑚2 (𝑚2
𝑚2 (𝑚 −1) 1 −1)
3 2
6 ∑𝑑 + ∑𝑖=𝑑 2 6[∑ 𝑑 2 +∑3
𝑖=1 ]
(a) 1 − 12
(b) 1 -
12
𝑚(𝑛2 −1 )
𝑛(𝑛2 −1)

(c) 1 -
6[∑ 𝑑 2 +∑3 9
𝑖=1 𝑚2 (𝑚1 −1)] (d) None
𝑛(𝑛2 − 1)
Answer: b
Explanation:
𝑚2 (𝑚2
1 −1)
6[∑ 𝑑 2 +∑3
𝑖=1 12
]
1-
𝑛(𝑛2 −1)

Question3
If the regression line of y on x is given by y = x+ 2 and Karlperson`s

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𝝈𝒚𝟐
coefficient of correlation is 0.5 then 𝟐
𝝈𝒙
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) None
Answer: c
Explanation:
y on x = > y = x + 2
R = 0.5
𝜎𝑦
byx = r ×
𝜎𝑥
2
byx =
0.5

Question4
A .M. OF regression coefficient is:
(a) Equal to r (b) Great than or equal to r
(c) Half of r (d) None of these
Answer: b
Explanation:
Regression coefficient is a statistical measure of the average functional
relationship between two or more variable In regression analysis one variable is
considered as dependent and other as independent, Thus it measure the degree
of dependence of one variable on the order (s)

Question5
If the two regression lines are x + y = 1 and x – y = 1 then 𝒙 and 𝒚 are
(a) 1,0 (b) 0,1
(c) 1,1 (d) None of these
Answer: d
Explanation:
Consider x-y =1 as equation (1) as equation (2)
Now add both (1) and (2)
You get 2x= 2 i.e. x=1
Now put x=1 in either of equation (1) or (2)
You get y=0

Question6
Coefficient of correlation between X and Y is 0.6 if both X and Y are
multiplied then resultant coefficient of correlation:
(a) 0.6 (b) 1/0.6
(c) Both (d) None of these
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Answer: a
Explanation:
Value of Correlation will -0.6 as if you multiply x & y by -1 then this will show
negative sign and as per property bxy , byx& r sigh should be equal / same

Nov - 2019
Question1
If two of regression are x + 2y -5 = 0 and 2x + 3y -8 = 0 So x + 2y -5 0 is
(a) y on x (b) x on y
(c) Both (d) None
Answer: a
Explanation:
x + 2y -5 =0 – Eq 1 2x + 3y -8 = 0- Eq2
Let Eq 1 be y on x from Eq2
−𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥
byx = bxy =
𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦
−1 −3 3
byx = ( ) × ( ) =
2 2 4
So, byx × bxy< 1
So, ×+ 2y -5 = 0 is y on ×
and 2x + 3y -8 = 0 is x on y

Question2
Find the coefficient of regression.
2x + 3y = 2
4x + 3y = 4
(a) 0.5 (b) -0.5
(c) 0.25 (d) -0.25
Answer: b
Explanation:
2x + 3y = 2 – Eq 1 ax + 3y = 4 – Eq 2
Let Eq1 be y on x
From Eq1
−𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 −2
byx = =
𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 3
From Eq2
−𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 −3
bxy = =
𝑐𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 4
So above assumption hold true.

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r= +√𝑏𝑦𝑥 𝑥𝑏𝑥𝑦
−2 −3
r= +√( ) 𝑥 ( )
3 4
−1
r=
2
r= -0.5

Question3
What is the coefficient of correlation from the following data?
X: 1 2 3 4 5
Y: 5 4 3 2 6

(a) 0 (b) -0.75

(c) -0.85 (d) 0.82
Answer: a
Explanation:
X Y Xy
1 5 5
2 4 8
3 3 9
4 2 8
5 6 30
∑𝑥 = 15 ∑𝑥 = 20 ∑𝑥𝑦 = 60

∑𝑥𝑦
cov (x,y) = - 𝑥, 𝑦
𝑛
60 15 20
= -( ) × ( )
5 5 5
= 12 – 12
cov (x,y) = 0
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑥,𝑦)
r=
𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑥
r=0

Question4
If the plotted points in a scatter diagram lie from upper left to lower right,
then correlation is:
(a) Positive (b) Negative
(c) Zero (d) None of these
Answer: b

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Explanation:
If the points in a scatter diagram lie from upper to left lower right them
correlation us negative.

DEC - 2020
Question 1
Which of the following is spurious correlation?
(a) Correlation between two (b) Negative Correlation
variables having no causal
relationship
(c) Bad relation between two (d) Very low correlation between
variables two variables
Answer: a
Explanation:
Correlation between two variables having no causal relationship

Question 2
Scatter diagram does not help us to
(a) Find the type of correlation (b) Identify whether variables
correlated or not
(c) Determine the linear (or) non (d) Find the numerical value of
– linear correlation correlation coefficient
Answer: d
Explanation:
To Find the numerical value of correlation coefficient

Question 3
The Covariance between two variables is
(a) Strictly Positive (b) Strictly Negative
(c) Always Zero (d) Either positive (or) Negative
(or) Zero
Answer: d
Explanation:
Covariance can be positive, zero, or negative. ... If X and Y are independent
variables, then their covariance is 0: Cov (X, Y) = E (XY) − µXµY = E(X) E(Y) −
µXµY = 0 The converse, however, is not always true. Cov (X, Y) can be 0 for
variables that are not independent. Hence, either positive (or) Negative (or) Zero

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JAN - 2021
Question 1
For the set of observations {(1, 2), (2, 5), (3, 7), (4, 8), (5, 10)}, the value of
Karl-person’s coefficient is approximately given by
(a) 0.755 (b) 0.655
(c) 0.525 (d) 0.985
Answer: d
Explanation:

x y xy x2 y2
1 2 2 1 4
2 5 10 4 25
3 7 21 9 49
4 8 32 16 64
5 10 50 25 100
Total 15 32 115 55 242
5 × 115 − 15 × 32
√5 × 55 − (15)2 √5 × 242 − (32)2
95
√50√186
95
= 0.985105
7.07106 × 13.638

Question 2
The coefficient of correlation between x and y is 0.5, the covariance is 16,
and the standard deviation of x is 4. Then the standard deviation of y is
(a) 4 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 64
Answer: b
Explanation:
cov(x, y)
rxy =
√Var(x). Var(y)
rxy = 8

Question 3
The intersecting point of the two regression lines: y on x and x on y is
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(a) (01 0) (b) (𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅)

(c) (byx, bxy) (d) (1, 1)
Answer: b
Explanation:
Properties of Regression Lines There are two lines of regression. Both these lines
are known to intersect at a specific point (𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅)Here the variables under
consideration are x and y.

Question 4
Given that the variance of x is equal to the square of standard deviation by
and the regression line of y on x is y = 40 + 0.5 (x – 30). Then regression line
of x on y is
(a) y = 40 + 4(x – 30) (b) y = 40 + (x – 30)
(c) y = 40 +2(x – 30) (d) x = 30 + 2 + 2(x – 40)
Answer: d
Explanation:

Question 5
The regression coefficient remain unchanged due to
(a) A shift of scale (b) A shift of origin
1 1
(c) Replacing x – values by (d) Replacing y values by
𝑥 𝑦
Answer: b
Explanation:
The regression coefficient remain unchanged due to A shift of origin
By properties of regression line we have, The regression coefficients remain
unchanged due to a shift of origin but change due to a shift of scale.

July - 2021
Question 1
If the sum of the product of the deviation of and Y from their means is zero
correlation coefficient between X and Y is:
(a) Zero (b) Positive
(c) Negative (d) 10
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation:
Given: sum of the product of deviations of x and y series from their mean is zero,
To Find: the coefficient of correlation
r = coefficient of correlation

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r = Sxy / (Sx. Sy)

Correlation coefficient = cov (x,y)/ (std deviation (x) × std deviation (y))
product of deviations of x and y series from their mean is zero
=> Sxy = 0
=> r = 0
Coefficient of correlation = 0
Ans: If the sum of the product of deviations of x and y series from their mean is
zero, then the coefficient of correlation will be ZERO.

Question 2
If the slope of the regression line is calculated to be 5.5 and the intercept 15
then the value of Y when X is 6 is
(a) 88 (b) 48
(c) 18 (d) 78
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
Here b = 5.5, a = 15
Then regression equation of line
Y = a +bx
Y = 15 + 1.5x
But x = 6
Y = 15 + 5.5 × 6
= 15 + 33
Y = 48

Question 3
If y = 9x and X = 0.01Y, then r is equal to:
(a) -0.1 (b) 0.1
(c) 0.3 (d) -0.3
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
Given
Y = 9x
Y = a + bx (comparing from)
We get
b = 9 → 𝑏𝑦𝑥 = 9
and x = 0.01y
x = a + by (comparing from)
We get

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B = 0.01 → bxy = 0.1

R = ± √byx × bxy
= ± √9 × 0.01
= ± 0.3

Question 4
The straight – line graph of the linear equation Y = a +b x, slope is
horizontal if:
(a) b =1 (b) b≠ 0
(c) b =0 (d) a = b ≠ 0
Answer: Options (c)
Explanation:
Given line y – a + bx
Slope of horizontal if then rxy will be

Question 5
If bxy = -1.6 and bxy = -0.4, then rxy will be
(a) 0.4 (b) -0.8
(c) 0.64 (d) 0.8
Answer: Options (b)
Explanation:
𝑟𝑥𝑦 = ± √𝑏𝑦𝑥 × 𝑏𝑥𝑦

= ± √(−1.6) × (−0.4)
= - √0.64
= - 0.8

Question 6
The sum of square of any positive quantities and its reciprocal is never less
than:
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Answer:
Explanation:
The sum of square of any real positive quantities and its reciprocal is never less
than `2’

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CHAPTER - 18
INDEX NUMBER

UNIT – I
INDEX NUMBER

INTRODUCTION

Selection of data
Selection of Base Year
Types of Formula
ISSUES
Selection of weights
INVOLVED
The data for Index Numbers
Choice of Variables

Specialized Averages

Features of Index Measure the net change in a group of

related variables
number

Measures the affect of changes over a

period of time

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Methods

Price Relative

Aggregate Price
Indexes

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Quantity An index that measures changes in quantity levels over time is

Indexes called a quantity Index.

Probably the best known quantity Index is the Index of

Industrial Production.

∑ 𝑄𝑛
1. Simple Aggregate of Quantities = ∑
𝑄0
∑ 𝑄𝑛
2. The simple average Quantity relatives ∑ 𝑄0
𝑁
Quantity
3. Weighted Aggregate Quantity indices
Indexes ∑ 𝑄𝑛 𝑝0
Numbers i. With base your weight (Laspyres’s Index) ∑ 𝑄𝑜 𝑝0
×
100
∑ 𝑄𝑛 𝑝𝑛
ii. With Current year weight (Paasche’s Index) ∑ 𝑄𝑜 𝑛
×
100
∑ 𝑄𝑛 𝑃0 ∑ 𝑄𝑛 𝑃𝑛
iii. Geometric Mean of (1) and (2) √ ∑ × 100
𝑄0 𝑃0 ∑ 𝑄0 𝑃𝑛
𝑄
∑ 𝑛 ×(𝑃0 𝑄0 )
𝑄0
iv. Base year average of quantity relatives ∑ 𝑃0 𝑄0
×
100
Value Index ∑ 𝑉𝑛 ∑ 𝑃𝑛 𝑄𝑛
∑ 𝑉0
=∑
𝑃0 𝑄0
Number

Unit Test
Test of
Adequacy of
Time Reversal Test
Index Numbers
Factor Reversal Test
Circular Test

Unit Test The Unit test requires that the formula for constructing an index
should be independent of the units in which, prices and
quantities are quoted. All formulae except thee simple (un
weighted) aggregate index formula satisfy this test.
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Time Reversal
Test A method satisfies time reversal test if it gives 𝑃01 × 𝑃10 = 1
Where 𝑃01 is the price index number for the current year
𝑃10 is the index number of the base year, taking current year as
the base,
Both the indices without the factor 100.

A method satisfies factor reversal test if it gives

∑ p1 q1
P01 × q01 =
Factor Reversal ∑ p0 q0
Test Where 𝑃01 is the price index for the currentyear
𝑞01 is the quantity index for the current year
Fishers index umber only satisfies the factor reversal test

Chain base index numbers is one in which the figures for each
Chain base are first expressed s percentage of the preceding year. The
index numbers percentage of chained together by successive multiplication to
form a series of chain index, in chain base year index method
the base year changes from year to year

Link realtive of current year × chain index Previous year

100
Current year Price Index
× 100
Immediate previous year price relative

Technique of linking two or more index number series with

same items and a common overlapping year but with different
base period in order to form a continuous series.
Splicing may be forward or backward
Splicing
Forward Splicing
Splicing Index no. of old series Index no. of
new series
Backward No change = (Index
Splicing number of old
series/100)×Gi
ven index No.
of new series

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Index number using new base

Index Number using new base
Old index number using old base
× 100
Index number Corresponding new base year

Uses of Index
Numbers 1. As the indices are constructed mostly from deliberate
samples, chances of errors creeping in cannot be always
avoided.
2. Since index numbers are based on some selected items, they
simply depict the broad trend and not the real picture.
3. Since may methods are employed for constructing index
numbers, the result gives different values and this at times
create confusion.
Deflated Time series using index Numbers
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
Deleted Value = 𝑜𝑟
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 (𝑃0 )
= Current Value ×
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 (𝑃𝑛 )

As we know, our indices are of prices and quantities. The

question is: does our index reflect a change in the quantity
Limitations of of a product or item?
Index Numbers
Apart from quantity changes, there are other aspects that
are pertinent while we are interpreting index numbers. We
have to ask whether the weights assigned to different items
are appropriate.

Methods of Aggregate Expenditure method

Constructing Family budget method
Consumer Price Aggregate expenditure method is a weighted aggregated
index price index where weights are the base period quantities.
(Laspyres’s Index number)
∑𝒑 𝒒
CPI = ∑ 𝟏 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒑𝟎 𝒒𝒐

Weighted Aggregated of price relatives

Family Budget Index is obtained by taking the average of weighted price
Method relatives and the value weights are used

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∑ 𝒑𝒗 𝒑𝟏
CPI = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒗 𝒑𝟎
V = 𝑷𝟎 . 𝑸𝟎

Question 1
Construct the following indices by taking 1997 as the base:
(i) Simple Aggregative price Index
Item A B C D E
Price Rs. (1997) 6 2 4 10 8
Price Rs. (1998) 10 2 6 12 12
Price Rs. (1999) 15 3 8 14 16

(a) 140, 186.67 (b) 120. 90, 140.6

(c) 140, 120.90 (d) 56,420
Answer: A
Explanation:
𝒑𝟐
Item P0 P1 P2 P1 =
𝑷𝟏
× 100 P2 = × 100
𝒑𝟎 𝑷𝟎
A 6 10 15 166.67 250
B 2 2 3 100.00 150
C 4 6 8 150.00 200
D 10 12 14 120.00 140
E 8 12 16 150 200
∑P0= 30 ∑P1=42 ∑P2 = 𝑃
∑( 1 × 100) =
𝑃
∑( 2 × 100)=
56 𝑃0 𝑃0
686.67 940
Simple Aggregative Price Index:
∑𝑝 42
P01 = 1 ×100 × 100 = 140 (for 1998)
∑𝑃0 30
∑𝑃2 56
P02 = ×100 × 100 = 186. 67 (for 1999)
∑𝑃0 30

Question 2

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A composite price index where the prices of the item composite are
weighted by their relative importance is known as the
(a) Price relative (b) CPI
(c) Weight aggregate price (d) None of these
Answer: C
Explanation:
Weight aggregate price index the ratio of the sum of weighted price of
current and base time period multiplied by 100 is called weight aggregate
price index. This index is calculated allocating weight to each commodity on
the basis of their relative importance

Question 3
A weighted aggregate price index where the weight for each item is its
current period quantity is called the
(a) Aggregate index (b) Consumer index
(c) Laspeyres index (d) Paasche index
Answer: D
Explanation:
Paasche index, index developed by German economist Herman Paasche for
measuring current price or quantity levels relative to those of selected base
period. It differs from the Laspeyres index in that it uses current – period
weight

Question 4
An index that is designed to measure changes in quantities over time is
known as the:
(a)Quantity index (b) Time index
(c) Paasche index (d) None of these
Answer: A
Explanation:
Index number. As index number is an economic data figure reflecting price
or quantity compared with a standard or base value. The base usually
equals 100 and the index number is usually 100 times the ratio the base
value.

Question 5
Index number is expressed in:
(a) Ratio (b) Squares
(c) Percentages (d) Combination

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Answer: C
Explanation:
Index number are value expressed as percentage of a single base figure. For
example. If annual production of a particulars. Chemical rose by 35 %
output in the second year was 135% of that in the first year. Index terms,
output in the two years was 100and 135 respectively. Index number have
no units

Question 6
Indices calculated by the chain base method are free from:
(a) Seasonal variation (b)Errors
(c) Percentages (d) Ratio
Answer: A
Explanation:
A value in any specific time period base on the value of the same entity in
the preceding period. Changes in the value can be compared between
sequential time periods. This differs from a fixed base index in which value
in any period are based of the initial value.

Question 7
Consumer price index number is obtained by:
(a) Laspeyres formula (b) Fisher ideal formula
(c) Marshall Edgeworth formula (d) Paasche formula
Answer: A
Explanation:
Laspeyres formula. Laspeyres suggested this index formula in 1871, in case
of calculating the price index, assuming that for individual item. Price at the
base period to be Pi 0, and quantity at the base period to be Q I 0, the
following equation is called ``Laspeyres formula”.

Question 8
The most appropriate average the price relatives are:
(a) Median (b) Harmonic mean
(c) Article mean (d) Geometric mean
Answer: D
Explanation:
Geometric mean index number is a multiplicative aggregation of (price or
quantity) ratio with their importance exponents /weight derived from one
or literature on index number theory

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Question 9
The test which is lot obeyed by any of the weighted index numbers
unless the weights are constant:
(a) Circular test (b) Time reversal test
(c) Factor reversal test (d) None of them
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to this rest the product of price index must be equal to the value
index
Note1. Since Fisher index number satisfied both time reversal test, it is
called an ideal index number, Circular test it is generalized of the time
reversal test.

Question 10
Index number having upward basis is:
(a) Laspeyres index (b) Paasche`s index
(c) Fisher`s index (d) Marshall Edge worth index
Answer: B
Explanation:
Paasche index, index developed by German economist Herman Paasche for
measuring current price or quantity level relative to those of a selected base
period. it differs from the Laspeyres index in that uses current period
weighting

Question 11
Marshall Edgeworth price index was proposed by:
(a) One English economist (b) Two English economist
(b) Three English economist (d) Many English economist
Answer: b
Explanation:
The Marshall – Edge worth index credited to Marshall (1887) and Edge
worth (1925) is a weight relative of current period to base period set o
price This index uses the arithmetic average of the current and based period
quantities for weighted it is considered a pseudo – superlative formula and
is symmetric.

Question 12
Panache`s price index number is also called
(a) Base year weight (b) Current year weight

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(c) Simple aggregative index (d) Consumer price index

Answer: B
Explanation:
Passche index, index developed by German economist Herman Passche for
measuring current price of quantity level to those of selected base period. it
differs from the Laspeyres index in that it uses current period weight

Question 13
The major groups for whom the consumer price index number are
constructed in India
(a) The industrial workers (b) The urban non- manual
workers and
(c) The agricultural workers (d) All of these
Answer: D
Explanation:
Consumer price index member are having types:
The industrial worker
The urban non – manual worker and
The agriculture labors.

Question 14
From the following data construct price index of 1995 taking 1990 as
base by using Average price Relative Method:
Commodity A B C D
Price in 1990 60 45 80 25
Rs.
Price in 1995 75 50 70 40
Rs.

(a) 120.90 (b) 12.60

(c) 809.56 (d) 12.888
Answer: A
Explanation:
Commodity P0 P1 𝑷𝟏
×100
𝑷𝟎
A 60 75 125
B 45 50 111.11
C 80 70 87.50
D 25 40 160

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Total 210 235

Question 15
Calculating weighted aggregate price index from the following data
using Laspeyre`s method
Base Period Current period
Price Quantity Price Quantity
A 2 10 4 5
B 5 12 6 10
C 4 20 5 15
D 2 15 3 10

(a) 155.09 (b) 12.60

(c) 135. 26 (d) 12.888
Answer: C
Explanation:
Commodity
A 2 10 4 5 20 40 10 20
B 5 12 6 10 60 72 50 60
C 4 20 5 15 80 100 60 75

Question 16
Calculate weighted aggregate price index member from the following
data by using paasches method
Commodity Base year Current
Price Quantity Price Quantity
A 10 30 12 50
B 8 15 10 25
C 6 20 6 30
D 4 10 6 20

(a) 199.79 (b) 119.79

(c) 135.26 (d) 12.888
Answer: B
Explanation:
Commodity P
A 10 30 12 50 500 600
B 8 15 10 25 200 250

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C 6 20 6 30 180 180

Question 17
Calculate Laspeyres and Passche index for the following data:
Commodity 1970 1990
Price Expenditure Price Expenditure
A 8 100 10 90
B 10 60 11 66
C 5 100 5 100
D 3 30 2 24
E 2 8 10 20

(a) 109.73, 107.91 (b) 119.79, 169.56

(c) 135.26, 0.465 (d) 135.26, 0.465
Answer: A
Explanation:
Since we are given the expenditure and price we can obtain the quantity by
dividing expenditure by the price for each commodity.
E
A 8 12.50 10 9 100 125 72 90
B 10 6.0 11 6 60 66 60 66
C 5 20.0 5 20 100 100 100 100
D 3 10.0 2 12 30 20 36 24

Question 18
Calculate weighted average of price relative index from the following
data
Item Weight in % (Rs) Base year Price Current year Price
(Rs) (Rs)
A 40 2 4
B 30 5 6
C 20 4 5
D 10 2 3

(a) 215 (b) 156

(c) 965 (d) 325
Answer: B
Explanation:
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𝒑𝟏
Item W P0 P1 R= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 RW
𝑷𝟎
A 40 2 4 4 8000
× 100 = 200
2
B 30 5 6 6 3600
× 100 = 120
5
C 20 4 5 5 2500
× 100 = 125
4
D 10 2 3 3 1500
× 100 = 150
2
Total ∑𝑅𝑊
= 15600

∑𝑅𝑊 15600
P01 = - – 156
∑𝑊 100

Question 19
The monthly capital expenditure incurred by worker of an industrial
center during 1980 and 2005 on the following item are given below:
The weights of these item are 75,10,5,6 and 4 respectively Prepare a
weighted index number cost of living for 2005 with 1980as base.
Item Price in 1980 Price in 2005
Food 100 200
Clothing 20 25
Fuel and Lighting 15 20
Music 30 40
House Rent 35 65

(a) 185 (b) 156

(c) 165 (d) 325
Answer: A
Explanation:
Item W P0 P1 R= RW
𝑷𝟏
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑷𝟎
Food 75 100 200 200 15000
Clothing 10 20 25 125 1250
Fuel and Light 5 15 20 133.33 666.65
Music 6 30 40 133.33 799.98
House Rent 4 35 65 185.71 742.84

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∑PW=18459.47

∑𝑅𝑊 18459.47
CPI= = 184.59 = 185 (Approx)
∑𝑊 100

Question20
An enquiry into the budget of the middle-class families in a certain city
gave the following information:
Expenses on Food Fuel Clothing Rent Music
Item 35% 10% 20% 15% 30%
Price in 2004 1500 250 750 300 400
(Rs.)
Price in 1995 1400 200 500 200 250
(Rs.)

(a) 165.62 (b) 134.5

(c) 165.60 (d) 325.8
Answer: B
Explanation:
Item Win % P0 P1 R= RW
𝒑𝟏
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒑𝟎
Food 35 1400 1500 107.14 3750
Fuel 10 200 250 125.00 1250
Clothing 20 500 750 150.00 3000
Rent 15 200 300 150.00 2250
Music 20 250 400 160.00 3200

∑𝑅𝑊 13450
CPI = = =134.5
∑𝑊 100

Question 21
Calculate the cost of living index number using family budget method
Commodities Wheat Rice Pulses Ghee Sugar Oil Fuel Cloths
Unit 200 50 56 20 40 50 60 10
consumed in
Price Rs. in 1.0 3.0 4.0 20.0 2.5 10.0 2.0 15.0
Bose
Price Rs. In 1.2 3.5 5.0 30.0 5.0 15.5 2.5 18.0
C. Y

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(a) 166.62 (b) 136.88

(c) 165.870 (d) 325.8
Answer: B
Explanation:
Commodities Q0 P0 P1 R= W=P0q0 RW
𝑃1
× 100
𝑃0
Wheat 200 1.0 1.2 120.00 200 24000
Rice 50 3.0 3.5 116.67 150 175.00.5
Pulses 56 4.0 5.0 125.00 224 28000
Ghee 20 20.0 30.0 150.00 400 60000
Sugar 40 2.5 5.0 200.00 100 20000
Oil 50 100 15.5 155.00 500 77500
Fuel 60 2.0 2.5 125.00 120 15000
Cloths 40 15.0 18.0 120.00 600 72000
∑w=22 ∑RW=

∑𝐑𝐖 314000.5
CPI = = =136.88
∑𝐖 2294

Question 22
If the salary of person in the base year is Rs. 4,000 per annum and the
current year salary is Rs. 6,000 by how much should hid salary rise to
maintain the same standard of living if The CPI of the current year is
400?
(a) 10000 (b) 13688
(c) 165870 (d) 16000
Answer: D
Explanation:
Salary required in the current year to maintain the same standard of living
of base year.
𝐶𝑃𝐼 𝑂𝐹 𝐶𝑈𝑅𝑅𝐸𝑁𝑇 𝑌𝐸𝐴𝑅 400
Base year salary × = 4000 × Rs. 16,000
𝐶𝑃𝐼 𝑂𝐹 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 100
Current year salary = Rs. 16,000
The increase in current Year salary required = 16000- 6000 = Rs. 10,000

Question 23
Given the following data:
Year 1995- 1996- 1997- 1998- 1999- 2000- 2001- 2002-

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WPI 121,6 127.2 132.8 140.7 145.7 155.7 161.3 161

(1993
Calculate the inflation of year 1998 – 99
(a) 5.94% (b) 59.89%
(c) 4.4% (d) None
Answer: A
Explanation:
𝑋 −𝑋 127.2−121.6
Year 1996-97 = 1 𝑡−𝑖 ×100 × 100 = 4.6%
𝑋𝑡−𝑖 121.6

𝑋1− 𝑋𝑡−𝑖 132.8−127.2

Year 1997-98 = ×100 ×100 = 4.40%
𝑋𝑡−𝑖 127.2

𝑋𝑡 −𝑋𝑡−𝑖 140.−132.8
Year 1998- 99 = ×100 = ×5.94%
𝑌 132.8

Question 24
What will be the real wage of the consumer if his money wage Rs. 10
and the cost of living index is 526?
(a) 1900 (b) 1.901
(c) 2186 (d) 4664
Answer: B
Explanation:
Money Wages 10.000
Real wages = × × 100 = Rs. 1.901
Cost of living index 526

Question25
Index for base period is always taken as:
(a) 100 (b) 0
(c) 200 (d) 1
Answer: A
Explanation:
The index at the base period is usually scaled to 100 or 1000. for example,
that the index at the chosen base period is set to 1000. if at another period
is 2000 then the value indicated by the index (e.g., prices) would be
estimate double what it was during the base period.

Question 26
When the prices of rice are to be compared, we compute:
(a) Volume Index (b) Value Index
(c) Price Index (d) Aggregate Index

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Answer: C
Explanation:
Price index. Measure of relative price changes, consisting of a series of
numbers are arranged so that a comparison between the values for any two
period of places will show the average changes in price between period or
the average difference in prices between places.

Question 27
Which formula is used in chain indices?
∑𝑃 𝑃
(a) 𝑛 × 100 (b) 𝑛
∑𝑃𝑂 𝑃 𝑛−1

(c)
𝑃𝑛 (d) None
𝑃𝑂
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the chain index the comparison takes place always between successive
calculation periods. In the chain index the changes in two calculation
periods is used to take forward the index point figure of the desired base
period in the chain index the weight are changed in principal in each
calculation period.

Question 28
An index number that can serve purpose is called
(a) General purpose index (b) Special purpose index
(c) Cost of living index (d) None of these
Answer: A
Explanation:
It is used measure the Changes in the wholesale price level of country over a
period of time.
It is used measure the changes in the cost of living of a certain selected
people living in a certain locally.
It is very much used by the government agencies to for policies on different
matter viz.

Question 29
Laspeyres index = 110, Paasche index = 108 then fisher ideal index
equal to:
(a) 110 (b) 108
(c) 100 (d) 109
Answer: D

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Explanation:
F = √𝐿 × 𝑃
So. √110 × 108 = 109

Question 30
Consumer price indexes are obtained by:
(a) Paasche formula (b) Fisher`s ideal formula
(c) Marshall Edgeworth formula (d) Family budget method formula
Answer: d
Explanation:
A consumer price index (CPI) measure changes in the price level of market
basket of consumer goods and services purchased by household, The CPI is
a statistical estimate constructed using the price of a simple of
representative item whose prices are collected periodically.

Question 31
Which of the following satisfy the time reversal test?
∑𝑃 𝑞 ∑𝑃 𝑞
(a) P01 = 1 0 (b) P01 = 1 1
∑𝑃0 𝑞0 ∑𝑃0 𝑞1
∑𝑃1 𝑞0 ∑𝑃1 𝑞1 (d) None
(c) P01 =√ ×
∑𝑃0 𝑞0 ∑𝑃0 𝑞1
Answer: C
Explanation:
Factor reversal test time reversal test this test is proposed by living fisher
According to him an index number (formula) should be such that when the
base year and current year are interchanged (reversed) the resulting
number should be the reciprocal of the earlier.

Question 32
Simple average method of relative method is equal to:
𝑃 ∑𝑃𝑛
(a) 𝑛 × 100 (b) × 100
𝑃𝑜 ∑𝑃0
𝑝𝑛 1 𝑃
(c)∑ ( )×100 (d) ∑ ( 𝑛 ) × 100
𝑃0 𝑁 𝑃0
Answer: D
Explanation:
In case of un weighted average of relative price relative of each commodity
is first calculated and then the average (mean, median, or geometric
mean)of these price relatives for all the commodities is taken average of

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relatives can be calculated by taking arithmetic mean, geometric mean or

median as average.

Question 33
Link relative of current year is equal to:
Price of the current year Price of the base year
(a) ×100 (b) ×100
price of the base year price in the precending year
Price in the current year Price in the precending year
(c) ×100 (d) ×100
price in the precending year price in the current year
Answer: C
Explanation:
This method of finding the seasonal indices in the form of the chain relatives
was
𝑃𝑅𝐼𝐶𝐸 𝐼𝑁 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝐶𝑈𝑅𝑅𝐸𝑁𝑇 𝑌𝐸𝐴𝑅
(C) ×100
𝑃𝑅𝐼𝐶𝐸 𝐼𝑁 𝑇𝐻𝐸 𝑃𝑅𝐶𝐸𝑁𝐷𝐼𝑁𝐺 𝑌𝐸𝐴𝑅
Development by Prof. Karl Person and hence this method is also known as
the person method of seasonal variation Hence is correct answer.

Question 34
Marshall Edge worth price index was proposed by:
(a) Only English economist (b) Two English economist
(c) Three English economist (d) May English economist
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Marshall Edgeworth index credited to Marshall (1887) and Edgeworth
(1925) is a weighted relative current period to base period seats of prices
this index uses the arithmetic a pseudo- superlative formula and is
symmetric.

Question 35
Write down formula calculating inflation rate:
𝑋 𝑋 ∑ 𝑃𝑛 𝑞𝑛
(a) 1 𝑡−1 ×100 (b) × 100
𝑋 1−1 ∑ 𝑃𝑜 𝑞𝑜
(c)
𝑃𝑎
×100 (d) None
𝑃𝑎−1
Answer: A
Explanation:
𝑋 −𝑋
Inflation rate = 𝑡 𝑡−𝑖 × 100
𝑥𝑡−𝑖
Where X t refers to WPI for the (t )th week

X t refers to WPI for the (t – 1)th week.

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Question 36
If all the values are not equal importance the index number is called
(a) Simple (b) Un weighted
(c) Weighted (d) None
Answer: C
Explanation:
When all commodities are not equal importance, we assign to each
commodity relative to its importance and the index computed from the
weight is called weighted index number

Question 37
In fixed base method the base period should be:
(a) For away (b) Abnormal
(c) Unreliable (d) Normal
Answer: D
Explanation:
The value in any specific time period is based on the value in the initial time
period and this base remains unchanged through the index. This is different
from chain base index in which values in any period are based on the
preceding time period

Question 38
How many types are used in the calculation number?
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
Answer: B
Explanation:
Index number are used as an indicate the changes in economic activity they
also provide framework for decision making and to period future event.
There are three types of index number are generally used they are price
index, quantity index, and value index.

Past Examination Questions

May - 2018
Question 1

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A series of numerical figure show the relative position is called:

(a) Index number (b) Relative number
(c) Absolute number (d) None
Answer: A
Explanation:
A series of numerical figures which show the relative called Index Number:

Question 2
P01 is the index for time:
(a) 1 on 0 (b) 0 on 1
(c) 1 on 1 (d) 0 on 0
Answer: A
Explanation:
P01 is the index number 1 on 0.

Question 3
if ∑P0 Q0 = 1360, ∑PnQ0= 1990, ∑P0 Q 0= 1344, ∑P0 Q n = 1880 then the
Laspeyra`s index number is:
(a) 0. 71 (b) 1. 39
(c) 1. 75 (d) None
Answer: B
Explanation:
if ∑P0 Q0 = 1360, ∑P0 Q0= 1990, ∑P0 Q n = 1344, ∑P0 Q n = 1880 then the
Laspeyra`s index

∑𝑃𝑛 𝑄0 1900
No. = = 1. 3970
∑𝑃0 𝑄0 1360

Question 4
Price relative is expressed in term of
𝑃 𝑃0
(a) P = 𝑛 (b) P =
𝑃 0 𝑃𝑛
𝑃1 𝑃0
(c) P = × 100 (d) P = × 100
𝑃0 𝑃𝑛
Answer: C
Explanation:
𝑃1
Price relative P= × 100
𝑃0

Question 5
Circular test is satisfied by:
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(a) Leapeyre`s index number (b) Paasche index number

(c) The simple geometric mean of (b) None f these
price relatives and the
weighted aggregative weight
Answer: C
Explanation:
Circular test is satisfied by the simple geometric mean an of price relative
weighted aggregative with fixed weighted

Question 6
If the 1970 index with base 1956 is 200 and 1965 index weighted 150 the
index 1970 on base 1960 will be:
(a) 700 (b) 300
(c) 500 (d) 600
Answer: B
Explanation:
Let 1960 1965 1970
P0 P1 P2
Index no. of 1965 with base year 1960
𝑃
P0 = 2 ×100 = 150
𝑃1
𝑃1 150
=
𝑃0 100
Index no of 1970 with the base 1965
𝑃
P∞ = 2 × 100 = 200
𝑝1
𝑃2 200
=
𝑝1 100
Multiply equation (1) (2)
𝑃1 𝑝 150 200
× 2 = ×
𝑃0 𝑝1 100 100
𝑝2
=3
𝑝0
𝑃1
= 100
𝑃0
𝑝2
× 100 = 3 × 100
𝑝1
P∞ = 300

Nov - 2018
Question 1

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Which of the following statement is true?

(a) Passhe`s is index number is (b) Fisher index number is the
based on the base year quantity arithmetic mean of Laspeyre`s
index number and Paasche`s
index number
(c) Arithmetic mean is the most (d) Fisher index number is an ideal
appropriate average for index number
constructing the index number
Answer: D
Explanation:
Fisher index number is an ideal index NO.

Question 2
It Laspeyre`s index number is 250 and Paasche index number is 160 then
Fisher index number is:
(a) 40,000 (b)
25
16
(c) 200 (d)
25
16
Answer: C
Explanation:
Laspeyre`s index NO. (l) = 250
Paasche index NO. (p) = 160
Fisher index NO. (F) =√𝐿 × 𝑃
=√250 × 160
=√40,000
= 200

Question 4
If ∑P0 Q0 = 240, ∑P0Q1= 480, ∑P1Q0 = 600, ∑P1 Q1 = 192 the Laspyres’s index
number is:
(a) 250 (b) 300
(c) 350 (d) 200
Answer: A
Explanation:
If ∑P0 Q0 = 240, ∑P0Q1= 480, ∑P1Q0 = 600, ∑P1 Q1 = 192
∑𝑃 𝑄 600
Laspeyra`s index no. 1 0 = × 100
∑𝑃0 𝑄0 240
= 250

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May - 2019
Question 1
The prices and quantities of 3 commodities in base and current year are as
follow:
P0 P1 Q0 Q1
12 14 10 20
10 8 20 30
8 10 30 10
30 32 60 60
The Laspeyres price index is:
(a) 128. 13 (b) 107. 14
(c) 120. 10 (d) None
Answer: B
Explanation:
∑𝑃 𝑄
LA = 1 0 × 100
∑𝑃0 𝑄0
32×60 1920
= = = 1.0777 ×100
30×60 1800
= 107.4

Question 2
Which is called an ideal index number?
(a) Laspeyre’s index number (b) Paasche index number
(c) Fisher index number (d) Marshall Edgeworth number
Answer: C
Explanation:
The reason the fisher index is called the ideal index is twofold because the
Paasche index and the Laspeyre’s index. the index satisfies the time reversal test
and the factor reversal test

Question 3
The most commonly used mathematical method for finding secular trend
is:
(a) Moving average (b) Semi – average
(c) Least squares (d) None of these
Answer: B
Explanation:
This method is a simple and relatively objective as the free hand method the data
is divided in two equal halves and the arithmetic mean of the two sets of modules
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of Y is plotted against the center of the relative time span It is the number of
observations is even the division into halves will be straight forward

Question 4
Semi average method if the number of values is odd then we drop
(a) First value (b) Last value
(c) Middle value (d) Middle two value
Answer: C
Explanation:
If the number of observations is even the division into halves will be straight
forward however if the number of observations is odd then the middle most item
𝑛+1
i.e.,( ) is dropped the two points so obtained are joined through a straight line
2
which show the trend

Question 5
If Laspeyre’s index is L and P Paasche index is P then Fisher index F is F 2 = 1
×P
(a) F = L × P (a) F2= L × P
1
(c) F2 = √𝐿 + 𝑃 (d) F =
𝐿×𝑃
Answer: B
Explanation:
If Laspeyre’s index is L and Paasche index is P then Fisher index F is F2= L × p

Nov - 2019
Question 1
Fisher`s index does not satisfy:
(a) Circular test (b) Time reversal test
(c) Factor reversal test (d) Unit test
Answer: A
Explanation:
Fisher`s ideal formula for calculating index no. satisfies unit test as unit test
require that the formula should be independent of the unit in which or for which
prices and quantities are quoted and that is full filed by fisher1s ideal index
Factor reversal test hold when the product of price index and quantity index
should be equal to corresponding value index i.e.
𝑃1 𝑄1
𝑃0 𝑄0
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𝑃1 𝑄1
P01 ×Q01 =
𝑃0 𝑄0
Hence it is satisfied by Fisher`s Ideal index
Time reversal test is a test to determine whether a given method will work both
ways in time forward and backward So fisher`s satisfies this test
Circular test: It is concerned with the measurement of price change over a period
of year this is not met by Fisher ideal index no.

Question 2
The index number of prices at place in the year 2008 is 225 with 2004 as
the base then there is
(a) 125% increase (b) 225% increase
(c) 100% increase (d) 25% increase
Answer: A
Explanation:
Let the index no. of price of base year be 100
Year index no.
2004 = 100
Increase = 225 – 100 = 25
So there is 125% increase.

Question 3
In semi average method if the no. of value is are exclude:
(a) First value (b) Last value
(c) Middle value (d) None
Answer: C
Explanation:
Semi average method is a method of measurement of secular trend. Under this
method the whole the series data is classified into two equal parts and the
average for each half are calculated. If the data is for even no. of year it is easily
divided into two. If data is for odd no. of year then the middle year of the time
series is left and the two halves are constituted with the period on each side of
middle year.

DEC - 2020
Question 1
Index Number are expressed as ______
(a) Squares (b) Ratios

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(c) Percentages (d) Combinations

Answer: C
Explanation:
Index numbers provide a simple way of representing changes over time. Each
value is expressed as a percentage of a base value which is the value that
occurred in a base period. The index numbers below show how average earnings
in different sectors changed between 2000 and 2006.

Question 2
If Laspeyre’s index number is 110 and Fisher’s ideal Index number is 109.
Then Paasche’s Index number is
(a) 108 (b) 110
(c) 109 (d) 118
Answer: A
Explanation:
Laspeyre's Index (L.I.) =110
Paasche's Index (P.I.) =108
Fisher's Ideal Index = √𝐿. 𝐼.× 𝑃. 𝐼.
= √110 × 109
= 108

JAN - 2021
Question 1
The cost of living index is always
(a) Price index number (b) Quantity index number
(c) Weighted index number (d) Value index number
Answer: C
Explanation:
The cost of living index is always Weighted index number - The cost-of-living
index, or general index, shows the difference in living costs between cities. The
cost of living in the base city is always expressed as 100. The cost of living in the
destination is then indexed against this number.

Question 2
Fisher’s index number does not satisfy.
(a) Unit test (b) Circular Test
(c) Time reversal test (d) Factor reversal test
Answer: B
Explanation:
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The circular test is satisfied by. Fisher's index number.

Question 3
When the prices for quantities consumed of all commodities are changing
in the same ratio, then the index numbers due to Laspyres’s and Paasche’s
will be
(a) Equal (b) Unequal
(c) Reciprocal of Marshall Edge worth (d) Reciprocal of Fisher Index
index number number
Answer: A
Explanation:
When the prices for quantities consumed of all commodities are changing in the
same ratio, then the index numbers due to Laspyres’s and Paasche’s will be equal

July - 2021
Question 1
The consumer price Index goes up from 120 to 180 when salary goes up
from 240 to 540, what is the increase in real terms?
(a) 80 (b) 150
(c) 120 (d) 240
Answer: Options (c)

Question 2
The weighted aggregative price index numbers for 2001 with 2000 as the
base year using Paashe,s Index Number is
Commodity Price (in ₹) Quantities
2000 2001 2000 2001
A 10 12 20 22
B 8 8 16 18
C 5 6 10 11
D 4 4 7 8
(a) 112.32 (b) 112.38
(c) 112.26 (d) 112.20
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation:
Commodity 2000 2001
Price Qty Price Qty

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P0 Q0 P1 Q1 P0 Q1 P1 Q1
A 10 20 12 22 220 264
B 8 16 8 18 144 144
C 5 10 6 11 55 66
D 4 7 4 8 32 32
∑ P0 Q1 ∑ P1 Q1
= 451 = 506
∑ P1 Q1
Paasche Index No. = ∑ × 100
P0 Q1
506
= × 100
451
= 112.20 (Approx)

Question 3
The weighted aggregative price index numbers for 2001 with 2000 as the
base year using Marshal - Edge worth Number is
Commodity Price (in ₹) Quantities
2000 2001 2000 2001
A 10 12 20 22
B 8 8 16 18
C 5 6 10 11
D 4 4 7 8
(a) 112.26 (b) 112.20
(c) 112.32 (d) 112.38
Answer: Options (a)
Explanation:
Commodity 2000 2001
Price Qty Price Qty P0 Q 0 P0 Q1 P1 Q 0 P1 Q1
P0 Q0 P1 Q1
A 10 20 12 22 200 220 240 264
B 8 16 8 18 128 114 128 144
C 5 10 6 11 50 55 60 66
D 4 7 4 8 28 32 28 32
∑ P0 Q 0 ∑ P0 Q1 ∑ P1 Q 0 ∑ P1 Q1
= 406 = 451 = 456 = 506

∑ P1 Q0 + ∑ P1 Q1
M.E. Index No. = (∑ ) × 100
P0 Q0 + ∑ P0 Q1

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456+506
=( ) × 100
406+451
= 112.26

Question 4
The weighted aggregative price index numbers for 2001 with 2000 as the
base year using Fisher’s Index Number is
Commodity Price (in ₹) Quantities
2000 2001 2000 2001
A 10 12 20 22
B 8 8 16 18
C 5 6 10 11
D 4 4 7 8
(a) 12.26 (b) 112.20
(c) 112.32 (d) 112.36
Answer: Options (d)
Explanation:
Commodity 2000 2001 P0 Q 0 P0 Q1 P1 Q 0 P1 Q1
Price Price
Qty Qty
P0 Q 0 P1 Q1
A 10 20 12 22 200 220 240 264
B 8 16 8 18 128 14 128 144
C 5 10 6 11 50 55 60 66
D 4 8 4 8 8 32 24 32
∑ P0 Q 0 ∑ P0 Q1 ∑ P1 Q 0 ∑ P1 Q1
= 406 = 451 = 456 = 506
∑ P1 Q0 ∑ P1 Q1
Fisher Index No. = √∑ × ∑ P0 Q1
× 100
P0 Q0
456 506
=√ × × 100
406 451
= 112.36

Question 5
If in additive model o refers to original data as 875, T refers to trend 700, s
refer to seasonal variations -200, c refer to cyclical is: variation 75 then the
value of 1 which refers to irregular variation is:
(a) - 100 (b) – 170
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(c) – 140 (d) - 150

Answer: Option (a)
Explanation:
YT T + S + C + I
875 = 700 + 200 + 75 +I
I = 875 – 700 – 200 -75
I = - 100

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