Measurements

HIGH STABILITY CIRCULATING CURRENT

RELAY

Type CAG14
When circulating current protection schemes are sub-
jected to heavy through faults, the sudden, and often
asymmetrical growth in the system current can cause CAG
the protective current transformers to approach or
even reach saturation level. Because of the variations
in the magnetising characteristics of the transformers
a high unbalance current may result.
To ensure stability under these conditions, it is modern
practice to use a voltage operated, high impedance relay,
set to operate at a voltage slightly higher than that
developed by the current transformers under maximum
external fault conditions.
The CAG14 relay, used with a stabilising resistor,
is designed for applications where sensitive settings
with stability on heavy through faults are required,
and is recommended for balanced and restricted earth
fault, bus-zone and certain forms of differential pro- Type CAG34 relay
tection of generators, auto-transformers, reactors and
motors. BURDEN
The total impedance of the relay and series stabilising 0•9VA at current setting on lowest tap
resistor is usually low enough to prevent the current 1 •OVA at current setting on highest tap
transformers developing voltages over 2kV during
maximum internal faults, but in some applications a Current Transformer Knee-point Voltage
non-linear resistor is required to limit this voltage. The knee-point voltage is defined as the point on the
Types CAG14 and CAG34 relays are single and triple pole, magnetisationcurve at which a 10% increase in excitation
respectively. voltage produces a 50% increase in excitation current. The
minimum knee-point voltage (Vk) and maximum excitation
current (le) are calculated as follows:
CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION Vk = 21f(Rs+Rp)
The relay is basically a standard attracted armature unit Is — Ir
of simple and robust construction.The operating coil of
this unit is connected in series with a small choke and n
capacitor, forming a series resonant circuit. These com- where If = equivalent secondary pilot current of
ponents are energised from an auto-transformerwhich is maximum fault current
tapped to provide seven current settings. Is = effective fault setting expressed in secondary
The relay circuit, tuned to the supply frequency rejects amps
the harmonics produced by C.T. saturation.A slight time Ir = relay setting current
delay on operation helps to provide stability on heavy Rs = C.T. secondarywinding resistance
external faults and is obtained by allowing the auto- Rp = maximum loop lead resistance between
transformer to saturate above the relay setting. This C.T.'s and relay
limits the current supplied, and the attracted armature unit n = 3 for restricted earth fault protection on
operates only on the slower part of its time-current curve. delta windings (3 C.T.'s)
n = 4 for restricted earth fault protection on
star windings (4 C.T.'s)
STANDARD CURRENT SETTINGS n = 2 for machine or transformerdifferential
5-20%, 10-40% or 20-80% of 0-5 or 1 amp protection
secondary) n = number of C.T. groups forming the protected
10—40%or 20—80%of 5 amps (C.T. secondary) at 50 or zone for bus-zone differential protection
60Hz, adjustable by plug setting bridge in seven
equal steps. STABILISING RESISTANCE
Externally mounted continuously variable resistors of
400, 200 and 50 ohms for 0•5, 1 and 5 amp C.T.
OPERATING TIME secondaries respectively are supplied as standard. Non-
0•025 second at 5 times setting current (see curve standard resistance values and non-linear voltage
overleaf). limiting devices are available,
 The approximate value of series resistance (Rsr) INSULATION
required to ensure stability is calculated as follows:— The relay will withstand 20k V 50Hz for one minute,
Vk VA between all live parts and earth, and between all
Rsr Ir circuits not intended to be connected together. It will
also withstand 1kV 50Hz for one minute between all
Ir normally open contacts.
where Vk == minimum knee-point voltage
VA = relay burden
Ir = relay setting current
OPERATING CURVE FOR CAG14 RELAY

CONTACTS
z
TWO pairs of electrically separate normally open self reset 0 100
contacts are provided and are rated to make and carry
7,500VA for second with maxima of 30 amps and
660 volts a.c. or d.c.
An attracted armature auxiliary unit (VAA) can be z
fitted in the same case as type CAG14 relays, to provide 50
an additional four pairs of electrically separate contacts
in any combination of normally open or normally closed z
hand or self reset.
Standard auxiliary voltages are 30, 110, 125 and
220 volts d.c. or 110, 240 and 440 volts a.c. 50/60Hz. O o 4 s 6 7 8 9 10
MULTIPLES OF PICK

OPERATION INDICATOR Time/current characteristic

A hand reset operation indicator can be fitted to the CAG
unit or the auxiliary unit as required. The drawout case has the advantage of ease of main-
tenance and testing, and is fitted with a filter which
equalises pressure inside and outside without admitting
dust. A contact is fitted to short circuit the current
CASES transformerwhen the unit is withdrawn from the case.
Single pole relays (CAG14) are supplied in size All cases are finished bright black as standard. Relays for use
moulded non-drawout cases UN) or size 1 drawout in exceptionally severe environments can be finished to
cases (ID). B.S.2011 :20/50/56 at extra cost; standard relays are finished
Triple pole relays (CAG34) are supplied in size 1 to B.S.2011 :20/40/4 and are satisfactory for normal tropical
drawout cases only. Cases are finished in phenolic use.
black as standard, and are available for flush or pro-
jecting mounting Maximum Overall Dimensions

Case Height Width Depth"

ins. mm ins. mm ins. mm

ID 233 611 170 197

c
vertical 6 1-53 124 518 130

Stabilising ins. (41 mm) diameter X 102 ins.

STABILISING Resistor (273 mm)"long
ALARM TRIP RESISTORS •Add 2 ins. (51 mm) for maximum length of 2BA terminal
12345 6 7 8 9 10 studs.
NOTE.- C.T. SHORTINq Dimensioned drawings of case outlines, panel cut-outs
ALL THREE CONTACTS and mounting details are available on request.
IA 1B
ELEMENTS ARE
IDENTICAL.ONLY
ONE IS SHOWN
INFORMATION REQUIRED WITH ORDER
Relay type (CAG14 or CAG34)
Current transformer secondary rating
Frequency
Current setting range
Auxiliary voltage and contact combination of auxiliary
/nterna/ and externa/ circuit diagram for unbiased differentia/ unit (when fitted)
protection for generators, reactors and synchronous motors Operation indicator and inscription (if required)
using type CAG34relay. Case size, type and mode of mounting

Our policy is one of continuous product developmentand the right is reservedto supply equipmentwhich may vary slightly from that described.

The General Electric Company Limited of England

St. Leonards Works Stafford ST 17 4LX England
Telephone: 07853251 Telex: 36240 Cables: Measurements Stafford Telex

Publication R-5130A
098075GSP Printed in England