209 Reading Bluetooth

READING: BLUETOOTH. The standard is open and royalty-free to members of the Bluetooth special interest group.
As portable computing devices get smarter and more capable, connectivity frustrations increase. 1. Read the text and find the answers to the following questions.
This is where Bluetooth comes in. The brainchild of Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba, Bluetooth is a 1. What frustrating problem does Bluetooth solve?
microwave high-speed wireless link system that’s designed to work with portable equipment. To that end, Connectivity problems devices.
it’s low power, very small and very low cost. It uses the same frequencies as existing radio LANs (and,
incidentally, microwave ovens) to create a secure 1 Mbit/s link between devices within 10m of each other. 2. Who first developed Bluetooth?
These devices can be laptops, PDAs, cellphones, wired telephone access points, even wrist watch devices, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba.
headphones, digital cameras and so on. With them, your notebook PC will be able to access your cellular
phone and thus the Internet – without your having to take the phone out of your pocket. Files can be 3. In what ways is Bluetooth particularly suited to portable systems?
exchanged and communications set up for voice and data between just about any device capable of Is suited to portable systems because its low power, very small
and very low cost.
handling the information.
Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed SM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band at 2.45 GHz, which is 4. What do Bluetooth devices share with microwave ovens?
globally available for products.
There’s 89 MHz of bandwidth allocated here, and since Bluetooth is very low power, it actually radiates less 5. List some devices that are suitable for use with Bluetooth.
than most national and international standards allow non-transmitting devices to leak as part of their Laptops, PDAs, cellphones, wired telephone access points, wrist watch devices, headphones and digital
normal operation. This is key, as it allows the technology to operate without restriction on aircraft. cameras.
As befits their status as radio frequency experts, Ericsson and Nokia developed the RF side of Bluetooth. 6. Why is Bluetooth suitable for use on aeroplanes?
The link works in a similar way to the IFEE 802.11 wireless networking system, with a packet-switching Because has a very low radiation.
protocol based on fast-frequency hopping direct sequence spread spectrum. In other words, it constantly
switches channel to avoid interference. It changes frequency 1,600 times a second through 79 frequency 7. What factors provide security for Bluetooth communications?
bands. It’s expected that this will be so good at avoiding conflicting signals from other sources that the Frequency hoping.
transmission power can be kept very low.
8. How is the output power level of the transmitter set?
Security is taken care of through the frequency hopping and 40-bit encryption. As the system uses radio, it
can work through some barriers – briefcases, shirt pockets and desktops, for example – but it won’t carry
through office buildings. The power level of the transmitter can be varied, with feedback from the remote
side of the link used to set the output to the lowest level commensurate with error-free operation. This 9. Why is there no collision detection in the Bluetooth specification?
saves power and increases the usable density of devices. The device can operate at up to 1mW (an optional
power amplifier can increase this to 100 mW) and the whole lot consumes between 8 mA and 30 mA at 2.7
V. Various power saving modes can be used when a device isn’t transmitting, trailing oil speed of response 10. Why are all devices on a piconet synchronised and controlled by a master
for battery life. These work with current levels between 300 рА and 60 pA. device?
Within the 10m radius of a unit, up to 10 independent full-speed piconets can operate, with bandwidth
reduced proportionately if more than this is in use. Each can handle up to eight devices, and can be further
subdivided into separate services: 432 Kbit/s full duplex data, 72l/56 Kbit/s asymmetric duplex, or 384 2. Mark the following as True or False. Correct the false ones.
Kbit/s third generation GSM. Each channel can also support three 64 Kbit/s full-duplex voice channels. An
optional variation in modulation technique would double the basic data rate to 2 Mbit/s. a. Bluetooth is an expensive system. FALSE
Power consumption and cost were very significant factors in Bluetooth’s design, and it was decided not to b. Bluetooth devices can communicate at a distance of up to 20 m. FALSE
make the system a fully-fledged LAN. As a result, there’s no collision detection. All devices on a piconet are
synchronized to a master device and are controlled by it to prevent simultaneous so operation on the same c. The SM band is available throughout the world. TRUE
frequency. Any device can be a master, and is elected dynamically when the link starts up.
d. Bluetooth has a very low radiation level. TRUE
e. Each Bluetooth connection operates at one fixed frequency. FALSE
f. Bluetooth signals will pass through walls of buildings. FALSE
g. The master Bluetooth device is determined when a link is first established. TRUE
3. Match the terms 1-7 with the statements a-g.
1.- Radio frequency

a.- Bluetooth 3
2.- The number of devices can be used in the same b.- SM band 5
area. c.- RF 1
3.- A microwave high-speed wireless link system d.- IEEE 802.11 6
designed to work with portable equipment e.- Frequency hopping 7
4. Very low power network links between Bluetooth f.- Usable density 2
devices. g.- piconet 4
5.- An unlicensed frequency range at 2.45 GHz
6.- A standard for networking systems with a packet-
switching protocol
7.- Constantly switching channels.

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READING: BLUETOOTH. The standard is open and royalty-free to members of the Bluetooth special interest group.

e. Each Bluetooth connection operates at one fixed frequency. FALSE

f. Bluetooth signals will pass through walls of buildings. FALSE

3. Match the terms 1-7 with the statements a-g.

1.- Radio frequency

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