OCTOGON MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE

Vol. 31, No.1, April 2023, pp ??

1
Print: ISSN 1222-5657, Online: ISSN 2248-1893
http://www.uni-miskolc.hu/∼matsefi/Octogon/

József Wildt International Mathematical

Competition
The Edition XXXIIIth , 2023 1

The solution of problems W1. - W55. must be mailed before 26. October
2023, to Mihály Bencze, str. Hărmanului 6, 505600 Săcele - Négyfalu, Jud.
Braşov, Romania,
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]

W1. Find the limit

 q q 
a b a b
((n + 1)!) ((2n + 1)!!) − (n!) ((2n − 1)!!)
n+1 n
lim
n→∞

where a, b ∈ R.

D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu and Neculai Stanciu

∗ such that abc = 1, then prove the following inequality:
W2. a). If a, b, c ∈ R+
1 1 1 3
+ 3 + 3 ≥
a3 (F n b + Fn+1 c) b (Fn c + Fn+1 a) c (Fn a + Fn+1 b) Fn+2
∗ such that ab + bc + ca = 3, then prove the following
b). If a, b, c ∈ R+
inequality:
1 1 1 3
+ + ≥
a3 (Fn b + Fn+1 c) b3 (Fn c + Fn+1 a) c3 (Fn a + Fn+1 b) Fn+2
∗ such that a + b + c = 3, then prove the following inequality:
a). If a, b, c ∈ R+
1 1 1 3
+ 3 + 3 ≥
a3 (F n b + Fn+1 c) b (Fn c + Fn+1 a) c (Fn a + Fn+1 b) Fn+2
D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu and Neculai Stanciu

1
Received: 15.03.2023
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification.11-06.
Key words and phrases. Contest.
 2 Contest

W3. For a, b, c > 0. Prove that

    2(a+b+c)
a2 + b2 + c2
b a
ab bcc b
(c a ) ≤
a c
a+b+c

Toyesh Prakash

W4. Let a ∈ R∗ and b ∈ R. Find all differentiable functions f : R → R such

that

f (x) = af ′ (−x) + b, ∀x ∈ R.

Ovidiu Furdui and Alina Sı̂ntămărian

W5. Calculate
∞
"  2 #
X 1 1 2
(2n − 1) + + ··· − .
n2 (n + 1)2 n
n=1

Ovidiu Furdui and Alina Sı̂ntămărian

W6. Let n > 1 and A, B ∈ Mn (C) suvh that f (z) = ezA Be−zA is bounded
for all z ∈ C. Compute

C = AB − BA and D = A2 B + BA2

Moubinool Omarjee

W7. Let m ≥ 0 and M be a point inside the triangle ABC. If we denote by

da , db , dc the distances of the point M to the sides BC, CA and AB
respectively, let it be shown that:

am+1 · b bm+1 · c cm+1 · a √ m+1

+ + ≥ 2 m+2
· F · 3
dm
b dm
c dm
a

D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu and Ovidiu T. Pop

W8. If m ≥ 0, the following inequality in triangle ABC

 m+1  m+1  m+1 √ 1−m
a+b b+c c+a
+ + ≥ 4m+1 · 3
hc ha hb
 József Wildt International Mathematical Competition 3

holds.

D.M. Bătineţu-Giurgiu and Ovidiu T. Pop

W9. Calculate
∞
X Hn Hn+1
,
(n − 1)n
n=2

where Hn = 1 + 1
2 + ··· + 1
n denotes the nth harmonic number.

Ovidiu Furdui and Alina Sı̂ntămărian

W10. The Fibonacci numbers Fn and the Lucas numbers Ln satisfy

Fn+2 = Fn+1 + Fn , F0 = 0, F1 = 1

Ln+2 = Ln+1 + Ln , L0 = 2, L1 = 1
√ √
−β n
αn√ 1+ 5 1− 5
Also, Fn = 5
, and Ln = αn + β n , where α = 2 , and β = 2 .

Prove that
∞
X L2Fn+2 − L2Fn+1 1
= .
L2Fn + L2Fn+3 3
n=0

Ángel Plaza

W11. Evaluate
∞ ⌊n/2⌋
X X (−1)n
(n + 1) .
2i i!(n − 2i)!
n=0 i=0

Ángel Plaza

W12. Calculate
Z 1Z 1




ln x0 + y 0 + x1 + y 1 + x2 + y 2 + · · ·
dxdy
0 0 (x0 + y 0 ) + (x1 + y 1 ) + (x2 + y 2 ) + · · ·

Ankush Kumar Parcha

 4 Contest

W13. Evaluate

Z∞
tan2 x
x2 (sec2 x + csc2 x)
0

Toyesh Prakash Sharma

W14. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that

p p p
4 9b2 + 16c2 + 4 9c2 + 16a2 + 4 9a2 + 16b2 ≥

p p p
≥5 b2 + 15c2 + 5 c2 + 15a2 + 5 a2 + 15b2

Paolo Perfetti

W15. Find those positive values α and β for which

X
+∞ Y
n
α + k ln k ln(ln k)
,
β + (k + 1) ln(k + 1) ln(ln(k + 1))
n=1 k=3

converges. For those values of α and β, evaluate the sum

Paolo Perfetti

W16. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that

r r r
c a b
4 +4 +4 ≥3
a + 15b b + 15c c + 15a

Paolo Perfetti

W17. If x, y, z ∈ R+ and m, n, p; r, s, t ∈ N ∗ find the minimum of expression

E (x, y, z) = mx + ny + pz

if xr y s z t = k and specify the values for which the minimum is reached

Dorin Mărghidanu
 József Wildt International Mathematical Competition 5

W18. If f : I ⊂ R −→ R is differentiable function, with continuous

derivative and a, b ∈ I, a < b, then prove that:

Zb  
  a+b a+b
f (x) + φ (x) · f ′ (x) dx = (b − a) · f + (f (b) − f (a)) ·
2 2
a

where
  
x+ b−a
2 if x ∈ a, a+b
2 
φ (x) =
x− b−a
2 if x ∈ a+b
2 ,b

Dorin Mărghidanu

W19. If f1 , f2 , ..., fp : R → (0, ∞) are integrable functions, prove that:

∫x ∫x ∫x ∫x
1
x
· ln(f1 (t)+f2 (t)+...+fp (t))dt 1
x
· ln f1 (t)dt 1
x
· ln f2 (t)dt 1
x
· ln fp (t)dt
e 0 ≥e 0 +e 0 + ... + e 0

for any x > 0 and p ∈ N ∗ .

Dorin Mărghidanu

W20. Let M be a subset of {1, 2, 3, . . . , 2023} such that for any three
elements (not necessarily distinct) a, b, c of M we have |a + b − c| > 12.
Determine the largest possible number of elements of M .

José Luis Dı́az–Barrero

W21. Let f be a nonnegative and non increasing function on [0, +∞) and
let
R +∞g be a function defined on [0, +∞) such that 0 ≤ g(x) ≤ 2023 with
0 g(x) dx = 6069. Prove that
Z +∞ Z 3
f (x)g(x) dx ≤ 2023 f (x) dx.
0 0

José Luis Dı́az–Barrero

W22. If 0 < x, y < z and a, b, c > 0 then:

 r  r   r  r 
z z y y
1+a 1+b + 1+b 1+c +
y z−y x y−x
 6 Contest

 r  r   q 2
z z 3 √
+ 1+c 1+a ≥ 3 1 + 2 2abc
x z−x

Mihály Bencze and Florică Anastase

W23. For a, b, c ∈ 0, 12 and k > 0 let Sk = ak + bk + ck . If Sn+1 = 1, then:
Y
(2S1 − 1)S1 (1 + an )a (1 + bn )b (1 + cn )c ≤ (1 + S1 )S1 (a + bn+1 + cn+1 )
cyc

Mihály Bencze and Florică Anastase

W24. In ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

X   2n
wan 3 R 3

n n
≤ · ,n ∈ N
cyc
ha + ma 2 2r

Mihály Bencze and Florică Anastase

W25. In ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

!  
Y s2 + r2 ctg 2 A2 10rs 3
1+ ≥ 1+
cyc
ctg A2 3

Mihály Bencze and Florică Anastase

RW26. Let be the function f : [0, 1] → R integrable such that f (1) = 1 and
y
x f (t) dt = 12 (yf (y) − xf (x)), ∀x, y ∈ [0, 1]. Find
Z π
4
I= f (x) · tg 2 x dx.
0

Mihály Bencze and Florică Anastase

W27. If n ∈ N; n ≥ 1 then:
 
4 Fn−1 Fn
Fn−1 + Fn4 + 4
Fn+1 > F3n Fn+1 +
Fn+1

Daniel Sitaru
 József Wildt International Mathematical Competition 7

W28. If in ∆ABC, N - ninepoint center, I - incenter then:

N A · IA N B · IB N C · IC
+ + >1
bc ca ab
Daniel Sitaru

W29. If Fn - Fibonacci numbers (F0 = 0; F1 = 1; Fn+2 = Fn+1 + Fn ; n ∈ N)

then: Z F2 Z F2
n+2 n+2 dxdy 2
2F2n+2
< 2 )
Fn2 Fn2 1 + xy (1 + Fn2 )(1 + Fn+2

Daniel Sitaru
 
W30. Let ABC be a triangle, where AB = AC and m BAC \ = α,
60◦ < α< 120◦. The point M 
is considered
 with in the triangle ABC, such
that m M \ BC = 30◦ and m M \ BC = β, where 2β + 60◦ = α. Calculate
 
m AM\ C .

Ion Pătraşcu

W31. If F (n)n≥1 are Fibonacci numbers with F1 = 1, F2 = 1 then find all

solutions of the following equation:

F1 F2 · ... · Fn = Fm

Seyran Ibrahimov

1 2

W32. Let a0 = a > 1 and an+1 = an + 1 , n ∈ N ∪ {0} .Prove inequality
2
Y
n
(an + 1) ≥ 2n+1 + 2n (n + 1) (a − 1) , n ∈ N ∪ {0} .
k=0

Arkady Alt
√
W33. Let f (m) := m + [ m] and fn (m) defined recursively by

fn (m) = f (fn−1 (m)) , n ∈ N

and f0 (m) = m. Prove that for any m ∈ N sequence
 8 Contest

f0 (m) , f1 (m) , f2 (m) , ..., fn (m) , ...contain at least one perfect square.

Arkady Alt

W34. Using only elementary technique (without derivatives or methods of

linear algebra) find greatest value of function

h (x1 , x2 , ..., xn ) := x1 x2 + x2 x3 + ... + xn−1 xn ,

for any real x1 , x2 , ..., xn such that

x21 + x22 + ... + x2n = 1, n ≥ 3.

Arkady Alt

W35. Let Sn (x) be polynomial defined by recurrence

Sn+1 − 2 (x + 1) Sn + Sn−1 = 2x, n ∈ N

with initial conditions S0 = 0, S1 = x.Prove that

Sn (x) ≤ (1 + nx)n − 1, x ≥ 0, n ∈ N;

Arkady Alt
  2
1 n +n
n! 1 +
n
W36. Calculate lim n+1/2
.
n→∞ n

Arkady Alt

W37. Let n ∈ N ∗ . Prove that the function f : (0, +∞) → R where

Q
n
ln (x + k)
n k=1
f (x) =
Q
n
ln (x + k)
k=1

is concave.

Marius Drăgan
 József Wildt International Mathematical Competition 9

W38. Let n ∈ N ∗ , it exist t ∈ (0, 1) such that

( )
X
n
tk+2 1
<
k (k + 1) (k + 2) 18
k=−1

where {·} represents the fractional part.

Marius Drăgan

W39. If 1 < a ≤ b then

Zb
dx (b − 1) (2a + 1)
≥ ln
x ln x (a − 1) (2b + 1)
a

Mihály Bencze and Ionel Tudor

W40. If a, b > 1 then compute:

Z
x2n (ab)x ln ab + nxn−1 (bx − ax ) + xn (bx ln b − ax ln a)
x2n (ab)x + xn (ax + bx ) + 1

Mihály Bencze and Ovidiu Bagdasar

W41. If ak ∈ R (k = 1, 2, ..., n) then

   !
X q 1 X

n  
  X
n 

a21 + (1 − a2 )2 ≥ √  ak  + n − ak 
2    
cyclic k=1 k=1

Mihály Bencze and Sorin Rădulescu

W42. If 1 < a ≤ b then

Zb
(ln x)2 dx 1 b
≤ ln ab ln
2x − x − 1
2 6 a
a

Mihály Bencze and Ovidiu Bagdasar

 10 Contest

Q
n
W43. If ak > 0 (k = 1, 2, ..., n) and ak = 1 then
k=1
X  a1 a2 2an−2 an−1
 q
(n − 1) + (n − 2) + ... + + n−1
an−3
1 ≥
a2 a3 an−1 an
cyclic

n (n − 1) X
n
≥ ak
2
k=1

Mihály Bencze and Sorin Rădulescu

W44. Determine all two times differentiable functions f : [−3, +∞) → R for
which f (0) = 2, f ′ (0) = 23 and

2
f ′ (x) + f (x) f ′′ (x) = 2 (1 − sin x − cos x) + x (sin x − cos x)
for all x ∈ [−3, +∞) .

Mihály Bencze and Florică Anastase

W45. If 0 < a ≤ b and 0 < c ≤ d then

Zb Zd

!2
x2 + 1 y 2 + 1 9 b−a d−c
dxdy ≥ arctg arctg
(2x + y) (x + 2y) 16 1 + ab 1 + cd
a c

Mihály Bencze and Florică Anastase

W46. If ak > 0 (k = 1, 2, ..., n) then

X  2  2 ! X a2 + a2
a1 a2
+ + 4n ≥ 3 1 2
a2 a1 a1 a2
cyclic cyclic

Mihály Bencze and Eugen Ionaşcu

W47. In all triangle ABC holds:

P a4 +4a2 b2 +b4 
 P ra4 +4ra2 rb2 +rb4

4R+r 2
1). (a2 +b2 )ra rb
≥3 1+ s 2). ≥3 2+ r
2R
(ra2 +rb2 )ab

Mihály Bencze and Gabriel Prăjitură

 József Wildt International Mathematical Competition 11

W48. If ak > 0 (k = 1, 2, ..., n) then

X  r
a1 n
≥
(a2 + a3 + ... + an )r n−1
cyclic

where r ≥ 1.

Mihály Bencze and Rovsen Pirguliev

P
n
W49. If xk ∈ R (k = 1, 2, ..., n) and x2k = n then
k=1

X
n Y
n
|xk | − xk ≤ n + 1
k=1 k=1

Mihály Bencze and Marius Olteanu

Q
n
W50. If ak ≥ 1 (k = 1, 2, ..., n) and ak = en then
k=1
n 
X 
1
2ak − ≥ 4n
ak
k=1

Mihály Bencze and Nicuşor Minculete

W51. Find the volume of the ellipsoid

x2 + y 2 + z 2 + xy + yz + zx = 1

Eugen J. Ionaşcu

W52. Let n ≥ 2 be an integer. Show that for all x, y, z ≥ 0, we have

xn+1 + n y n+1 + n z n+1 + n 3 (n + 1)

n+1
+ n+1
+ n+1
≥
n+x+y+z n+y+z+x n+z+x+y n+3

Eugen J. Ionaşcu
 12 Contest

W53. Let △ABC be an acute triangle with A, B, C in counterclockwise

order, and let a, b, c denote the side-lengths in the usual order (a opposite A,
etc.).

(i). Prove that there are unique points D, E, F on BC, CA and AB,
respectively, such that DE ⊥ CA, EF ⊥ AB and F D ⊥ BC, (see Figure 1).

(ii). Prove that △DEF from (i) is similar to △ABC, with similarity ratio
4S
a2 +b2 +c2
(iii). Iterate the operation of (i) to get a nested sequence of triangles; the
next one would be △KLM with K, L, M opposite E, F, D, respectively.

Prove that the vertices of

 1these triangles
 converge to the point I with
1 1
barycentric coordinates c2 , a2 , b2

Eugen J. Ionaşcu


W54. If x ∈ 0, π2 , then prove
√ √ r
sin x cos x 18
8 3
2
+ 2 ≥ sin3 2x
cos x sin x 219
Pirkuliyev Rovsen
 József Wildt International Mathematical Competition 13

W55. Solve on R+ the equation

1 + arcsin2 x
ln = arctg (arccos x) − arctg (arcsin x)
1 + arccos2 x
Pirkuliyev Rovsen
W56. Let (an )n∈N a sequence of real numbers, defined as follows:

1 − e−n an
2

a1 ∈ (0, 1] , an+1 = , n≥1

(n + 1)2
Calculate:



n4 n2 − 1 (1 − ean ) − n (e−nan − 1)
lim
n→∞ ln n
Stănescu Florin
W57. Let (A, +, ·) a finite ring, with 1 + 1 invertible, S a subset of the A,
a ∈ A, b ∈ S two invertible elements, which have the following properties:
a). The orders of the two elements in the group (A, ·) there are two odd
numbers;
b). There is a divisor p of the number |S|! + 1, such that:
P p−1
k
p−1
p−1−k = b
k a (ab + ba) a
k=0
(we note x0 = 1, x ∈ A). Show that ax + xa ∈ S for all x ∈ S if and only if
a = (1 + 1)−1
Stănescu Florin
W58. Let the function f : [0, A] → [0, ∞), A > 0, continuous, strictly
increasing, three times differentiable in 0, such that:

f ′ (0) = 1, f ′′ (0) ̸= 0, 0 < f (x) < x, (∀) x ∈ (0, A]

Consider the sequence of real numbers (xn )n∈N ∗ defined by:
 
x1 + x2 + ... + xn−1
x1 ∈ (0, A] , xn = f , n≥2
n−1
a). Show that lim xn · ln n = − f n2(0)
n→∞
b). Claculate: lim n ln n (xn+1 · ln (n + 1) − xn · ln (n))
n→∞

Stănescu Florin