SKAPS INDUSTRIES

DROP-IN SPECIFICATIONS
GEOTEXTILE SEPARATION/ STABILIZATION

@Copyright 2016 SKAPS Industries

The following drop-in specification is a sample guideline to be customized by the engineer for preparing site-specific
specification. This information is provided for reference purposes only and is not intended as a warranty or guarantee.
SKAPS assumes no liability in connection with the use of this information.
Please visit www.skaps.com for the latest product specifications.
. 1.GENERAL….

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Separation Geotextile (Subgrade CBR 3):

1. This section is applicable to the use of a geotextile to prevent mixing of subgrade
soil and an aggregate cover material (subbase, base, select fill, etc.).
2. This section may also apply to situations other than beneath pavements where separation
of two dissimilar materials is required, but where water seepage through the geotextile is
not a critical function.

1.2 UNIT PRICES

A. Method of Measurement: By the square meter (or square yard as indicated in contract
documents) including seams, overlaps, and wastage.
B. Basis of Payment: By the square meter (or square yard - as indicated in contract documents)
installed.

1.3 REFERENCES

A. AASHTO Test Standards:

T 88 – Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils

T 90 – Standard Test Method for Determining the Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils
T 99 – Standard Practice for Determination of the Moisture Density Relations of Soils Using a 5.5
lb hammer and 12 in drop (Standard Proctor)

B. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

1. D 123 – Standard Terminology Relating to Geotextiles
2. D 4354 - Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing.
3. D 4355 - Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles from Exposure to
Ultraviolet Light and Water (Xenon-Arc Type Apparatus).
 4. D 4439 - Terminology for Geotextiles.
5. D 4491 - Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity.
6. D 4533 - Test Method for Index Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles.
7. D 4632 - Test Method for Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of Geotextiles.
8. D 4759 - Practice for Determining the Specification Conformance of Geosynthetics.
9. D 4751 - Test Method for Determining Apparent Opening Size of a Geotextile.
10. D 4873 - Guide for Identification, Storage, and Handling of Geotextiles.

C. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) - Geosynthetic Design and Construction Guidelines,

Publication No. FHWA NHI-07-092, August2008

1.4 DEFINITIONS

A. California Bearing Ratio (CBR): The ratio of (1) the force per unit area required to penetrate a
soil mass with a 19 sq cm (3 sq in) circular piston (approximately 51 mm (2 in) diameter) at the
rate of 1.3 mm / min (.05 in/min). To (2) that required for corresponding penetration of a
standard material.

B. Maximum Average Roll Value (MaxARV): Property value calculated as typical plus two
standard deviations. Statistically, it yields a 97.7 percent degree of confidence that any sample
taken during quality assurance testing will be below the value reported.

C. Minimum Average Roll Value (MARV): Property value calculated as typical minus two
standard deviations. Statistically, it yields a 97.7 percent degree of confidence that any sample
taken during quality assurance testing will exceed value reported.

D. Typical Roll Value: Property value calculated from average or mean obtained from test data.

1.5 SUBMITTALS

1. CERTIFICATION:

a) The Contractor shall provide the Engineer a certificate stating the name of the geotextile
manufacturer, product name, style, chemical compositions of filaments or yarns and
other pertinent information to fully describe the geotextile.
 b) The Manufacturer shall demonstrate transparence of their manufacturing process by
showing traceability of the product from origin of raw material through finished good.
c) The Manufacturer is responsible for establishing and maintaining a quality control
program to assure compliance with the requirements of the specification.
Documentation describing the quality control program shall be made available upon
request.
d) The manufacturer’s certificate shall state that the furnished geotextile meets MARV
requirements of the specification as evaluated under the manufacturer’s quality control
program. The certificate shall be attested to by a person having legal authority to bind
the Manufacturer.

2. Manufacturing Quality Control (MQC) test results shall be provided upon request.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Geotextile labeling, shipment and storage shall follow ASTM D 4873.

B. Product labels shall clearly show the manufacturer or supplier name, style name, and roll
number.

C. Each shipping document shall include a notation certifying that the material is in accordance
with the manufacturer’s certificate.

D. Each geotextile roll shall be wrapped with a material that will protect the geotextile from
damage due to shipment, water, sunlight, and contaminants.
E. The protective wrapping shall be maintained during periods of shipment and storage. If the
wrapping is damaged prior to installation, the outer wrap of geotextile material must be
discarded before installation.

F. During storage, geotextile rolls shall be elevated off the ground and adequately covered to
protect them from the following: Site construction damage, extended exposure to
ultraviolet (UV) radiation, precipitation, chemicals that are strong acids or strong bases,
flames, sparks, temperatures in excess of 71 deg C (160 deg F) and any other environmental
condition that might damage the geotextile.
. 2. PRODUCTS….

2.1 MANUFACTURERS

A. All rolls of the geotextile shall be identified with permanent marking on the roll or packaging,
with the manufacturers name, product identification, roll number and roll dimensions.

2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Woven Polypropylene Slit tape Geotextile shall be made of polypropylene yarns in the warp
and weft direction.
B. These engineered Geotextiles shall be stabilized to resist degradation due to ultraviolet
exposure and shall be resistant to commonly encountered soil chemicals, mildew and insects,
and shall be non-biodegradable.
C. A plant visit by the Engineer’s representative to verify the manufacturer’s quality control
procedures and witness testing of products is also required prior to the dispatch of material.
D. The geotextile should meet the following Minimum Average Roll Values (MARV) for nonwoven
geotextile:

Table 1– Required Properties, Test Methods and Values for SKAPS Nonwoven Geotextiles Used
For Separation/Stabilization.

Test Installation condition

Property Method Units Harsh Medium Less Sever
ASTM SW315 W270 W250 SW200 W180
Grab Tensile 180
Strength
D 4632 lbs (kN) 315 (1.401) 270 (1.200) 250 (1.112) 200 (0.889)
(0.800)
Elongation D 4632 % 15 15 15 15 15
Trapezoidal
D 4533 lbs (kN) 120 (0.533) 100 (0.444) 90 (0.400) 75 (0.333) 70 (0.310)
Tear
1000 1000 900 600
CBR Puncture D 6241 lbs (kN) 700 (3.113)
(4.448) (4.448) (4.003) (2.668)
Apparent U.S Sieve
D 4751 (mm)
40 (0.425) 40 (0.425) 40 (0.425) 40 (0.425) 20 (0.841)
Opening Size
Permittivity D 4491 sec-1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Water Flow gpm/ft2
D 4491 4 (163) 4 (163) 4 (163) 5 (203) 4 (163)
Rate (l/min/m2)
UV Resistance D 4355 %/hrs 70/500 70/500 70/500
2.3 GEOTEXTILE QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Product Marking
1. Labels should be affixed to the exterior of the packaged roll to include:

a) Name of source manufacturing facility

b) Geotextile product name as listed with AASHTO/NTPEP
c) AASHTO M288 class (es) that product meets
d) Date of manufacture

B. Quality Control Testing

1. Al All supplied geotextiles shall be tested for quality control in a tested laboratory accredited
through the Geosynthetic Accreditation Institute’s Laboratory Accreditation Program (GAI-
LAP)
2. All supplied geotextiles shall include certificates of analysis for all specified properties.
3. All testing laboratories shall maintain Quality Management Systems (QMS).
4. Testing laboratories shall be compliant and certified to the ISO 9001:2008 quality system
standard.

C. Manufacturing Facilities

1. The source manufacturing facility for supplied geotextiles shall maintain audited
compliance through AASHTO representative auditors for Quality Management System
Processes for:

a) Organization and Organizational Policies

b) Product Marking and Labeling
c) Manufacturing Process and Documentation Control
d) Quality Control of Raw Materials
e) Quality Control Inspection, Measurement, and Testing for Geotextile Products.
f) Quality Control Personnel – Training and Competency Evaluation
g) Statistical Analysis of Test Results
h) Resolution of Non-Conforming Product of Test Results
i) Retention of Test Results and Product Traceability
 j) Quality Control Testing Facilities
k) Marking, Storage, Shipping, and Handling of Finished Geotextile
l) Internal Quality Audits of Each Plant Producing Product

2. Source manufacturing facilities shall be compliant and certified to the ISO 9001:2008 quality
system standard.

. 3. EXECUTION….

3.1 PREPARATION

A. Clear, grub, and excavate/fill installation site to design grade. Remove topsoil, vegetation,
and other unsuitable materials.

B. Soft spots and unsuitable areas shall be identified during site preparation or subsequent proof
rolling. These areas shall be excavated and backfilled with select materials and compacted
using normal procedures.

3.2 INSTALLATION

A. The geotextile shall be laid smooth without wrinkles or folds on the prepared subgrade in the
direction of construction traffic.
B. Adjacent geotextiles rolls shall be overlapped, sewn or joined as required below:

Subgrade CBR Minimum Overlap

Greater than 3 300 - 450 mm (12 - 18 in)

1–3 600 - 1000 mm (24 - 36 in)

0.5 – 1 1000 mm (36 in) or sewn

Less than 0.5 Sewn

All roll ends 1000 mm (36 in) or sewn

C. When sewn seams are required, the seam strength, as measured by ASTM D4632 shall be equal
to or greater than 90 percent of the specified grab strength.

D. On curves, the geotextile may be folded or cut to conform to the curves. The fold or overlap
shall be in the direction of construction and held in place by pins, staples, or piles of fill or rock.

E. Prior to covering, the geotextile shall be inspected by a certified inspector of the Engineer to
ensure that it has not been damaged during installation.
F. Damaged areas, as identified by the Engineer, shall be repaired immediately by covering the
damaged area with a geotextile patch that extends an amount equal to the required overlap
beyond the damaged area.
G. The subbase shall be placed by end dumping onto the geotextile, or over previously placed
subbase aggregate such that at least the minimum specified lift thickness shall be between the
construction equipment tires or tracks and the geotextile at all times.

H. Pretensioning Geotextile:

1. Proof roll with heavily loaded, rubber-tired vehicle. Wheel load of truck shall be equivalent
to maximum expected for site. Vehicle to make at least four passes over first lift in each
area of site.
2. Once design aggregate has been placed, use roadway prior to paving to prestress
geotextile-aggregate system in key areas.

I. If required, staple or pin geotextile at overlaps to maintain position during construction

activities. Use 250 to 300 mm (10 to 12 in) long nails placed at minimum 15 m (50 ft) on center
for parallel rolls and 1.5 m (5 ft) on center for roll ends.

J. Do not place overlaps along anticipated primary wheel path locations. Place overlaps at end of
rolls in direction of aggregate placement with previous roll on top.

K. When geotextile intersects an existing pavement area, extend geotextile to edge of old system.
For widening or intersecting existing roads where geotextiles have been used, anchor geotextile
at roadway edge.
 L. Compact first lift of base aggregate with a tracking dozer and then compact with smooth-drum
vibratory roller to obtain minimum compacted density.

M. Compaction of permeable bases shall meet specified requirements.

N. Perform construction parallel to road alignment.

O. Fill ruts formed during construction to maintain adequate cover over geotextile. Do not blade
ruts down.

P. Place remaining base aggregate in lifts not exceeding 250 mm (10 in) in loose thickness and
compact to specified density.

3.3 PROTECTION

A. Atmospheric exposure of the geotextile to the elements following laydown shall be limited to
14 days to prevent damage.
B. Equipment may operate on roadway without aggregate for geotextile installation under
permeable bases if subgrade is of sufficient strength.
1. For extremely soft soils, use lightweight construction vehicles for access on first lift.
2. Limit construction vehicles in size and weight to limit rutting in initial lift to 75 mm (3 in).
3. If rut depths exceed 75 mm (3 in), decrease construction vehicle size or weight or increase
lift thickness.

C. Turning not permitted on first lift of base aggregate. Construct turnouts at roadway edge to
facilitate construction.

END OF SECTION