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Computer Graphics Notes

computer graphics notes vtu

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Ritya Kumari
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
683 views108 pages

Computer Graphics Notes

computer graphics notes vtu

Uploaded by

Ritya Kumari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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“Sebi ect Cede? I@cSéo . Oo | Computer i Ghrophies and Visuolizakes . . OL. Moetule — ) Overvfow + conn pede Graphics and open Basies » Computes Givepies Application Of ; Computel Graphics, — video clispl play Dev Pees: lowe Ranolom Sean ard Ra. ote Scan Aisplags - CRT monitors, Plat pened displag , Raster - Scan Sypters : Vides Comhoilen ) vaste! scan Display Proceso, . ephie Wotslakds and views Syatorsiy, Doput Bs On Ite Snbor nak comperler hago cléale wt’ ; enoratiog a es Us th ee ¢ : raphia Ga i gi 7 YY Se Banies of compute! Gnaphics yf [Compute Sppaphi ee ” oe b au avi of divas tng Pickers. Wines ) chet’ ete. on @ Com pute Screen wh agaarnr fon game 2 i “ Ie wt ¢ g Computer | qenpu inaag 2 bs | made up of rammbssr Of (P o pet ta) The) Small eah : \exented on Ux add resale yep lee ee comple. a ae oe he mae cre. of Com abe 5. ¢ opli & & v0 Augen Pp pace, Penteotah fe f. w facta feekorah Jerky bal ee ane now Computer, Ae ae : om refed c dex metho ao now “yout towel’) Uo Ure olesgm ai puilaitgs 7 ite | aarotegt , oak traf) Space, exett; My acre) y pe avd mers many Olu produch 1d Appltcalvo> ot Computer rep ics O Grogs ad ae \ vy An. cont appl cation + is to lhe Aooplay % STmpe data grep a ple Hed aH Chara clit gp i vie os, ly Conipules ele ‘CG mputon ee - i Las, ne \ | \ enlorg ee! sector wv Date ; s & plotter B sk ene a he. Aa iY er’ oy ae cation’ 1 Fa? 1 : Vv Graphs & chat aw Common | Unda & Summ ari ze umcheoined : start el ae mathemati caf engraving, edi acon onl ce data nal ie juseaseeh, Depa , manag ori el” Stam man es oud, offer de of 0 pabhé cahaors Typical a a example of data plob ave ene, . Tops: a chanB), § pie chase , Suef ac gree Or. plo& aint : ane apts Shout wel fon ship | cet mucltep Le. | jj. Porametions « 5 dao dees / Pix Limebsioinal er higay dimensaal peer | HY x Software ns ae oS app eahom sete sypenny eve BE aie ee pond ow envivonmat \ eS ae the Yard | displayed tundoeds in Bhan Be deg gear Views of ObjtRe - a sue elem tna ini 4 i Anirnadvors ‘ esis Reat-tiime.s, Comper ane ts Au pang . Ahae? ae vast y w we & Vee pei twng Te pagent, 8 Nah te og. agit, ees . c 2 Vivteead x Realty . Envigonme. : Atte ae Vivfeal» ie Wabi i often tweed tos\, Brave -¢, beau , yp ed Bperotes: ox to oe le “ge bis dis x Various: Calvin, eg aud Confvo'/ Placernents » 9, i op ON f ' : \ Voliey yt eualsy oa h & wtth — Vivtwod gratis Systeras dusig nes and Cth Can more \ aliollih and) intenad,,. yim Bhjecr “Me: Merrceuty” wae Arolitecctunal designs one be Seam a a Gi ieb bad! " walle! Yes soon 0% ground the Obs bd ‘oo fetter se cuale | bi ES a perticuden cag x, wilh, @ special are ogee vB a. " Weis Seah ‘ over or move “PREMIO PON TEE seu: ace on a Gierebione Vistas nab Yat \ « 4 produc f “asap opbstal . rapresestet niger dpe erat neetiay and medical dota’ AG Proceses § tn amolher hoody a 1 app caper Of cM Lipo grape @ Bihich i, gente ep enced fp ao Seiontife _Visualt zat ' g A tev beulnas Viguatidarun y & et Fedated © Commence “Connecti sith cata S Fndunby and other nonscion tft / Kk dhere ane iy evant Kinde 2h.) che d < Ss and offerte |Vigeabizalsn S Sarre fend on Chara oberistal \. Of, Ue \ : me ti Pane 4 Gs eee op dali’) Can’ Contario:, + oe Valuos , yooters oY Aigh ~ OY tay fonigors . Filucadino aod Tantng [oe Gece! tan a wall og piped ots physiology ex) ohne ip Pyutpment , Such ay [te , Color olrel ‘Vaan help trainees’ ' Io, temélens (armel. } fee Operatusy a ‘Va gee Hy ' % Pos Some Barring applic : a gpeedy oe Sgstene oe oles a E sour pes J Sachi “spounliced —“Shjema ou A Frubators ger pra eben, Y SOS ost . aby crag Palos , any frappie § ‘ Contet Pers enrol. Computes Arie : : : nd dhe es fs les uatey Pacer teed elo Fron On a graphics fab(el Casta aes Ty uss , urtich & Gay , » Shimada) Stoo saliete, » differen pause Sho kes |, nash wid thy.’ cord 66 loo, ; % fine artisis aw tbe a Variety Yop Computes Teehno Logias fo. produce, a Ly ah t t eat PRY \ : . 4 co e Ca conor ein ad Bet frechaigued for tages 1c: pi\ ele ne di, “Oi " Offuy\ ole, page’ i Pagjeiets r "cabot fet! a Sgicploa. Ty Gel vertisueg, Rea By ote ; opplicadeie | Brsoasd ed Co roms ans i * jTelbwieda? pallet a, music Vedios: pettoid oo > eo” a> Laci; a i SCreen fy Can Contes he Becent aNxs aphical 7 ke PRas , ig o a& eee qaapical Hyena | “geet Yan0 us perols “Gan be < Cee ai apleg betndow ~ | wg uaing ean balewaulive pow hone eo get , Such © Odivi & As pis; : ae fom osibioven 4 °F Oy anstowr — apaptay O04 Onis bot dae oat pe buf | prey lee 1 ue SUPA i, av? a C Applicatidy Of compuley — qraplia x Graphs chat G x Computer Arcloe Design . # Vineet — Reabiey Environment . & Data Visualizatud Eduentem 9, amd “Tarintng., & — Compeler Are at Enter tainment + * Tmoge Processing sp — GJoaplutad = OS2H Gr taf oce - dure wide gorend of Deompecter gore So bets ¢ a broad Tange oh ger oie \fronclusone ) awd Sof Looe ys | Reto aurentallree : : Bn This Chap te ween plore (iw tA. feos hy | provid vs ose Comp oni avd qupw So 4 bev ee paewiggs © video Display Denice 7 he _pine« owpel device a gers co ie 2" Gene bt a> The opoets? a most: 2 Video radi tscs we) bared bn ta ttaudard Gonector Electron : pins: , Gan i i <. ! ean pepYeeteon Corl ‘ wok eae ° olechon ( cathode nei). emitted” by electon gun, ' pases fro sfouserg and Aeeftecterr phen - Caer Hie Pea “Goa nee peripi i eel posihens on the Phosphor - Coated . Sbrenn a the » phosphor Pen emits & Small spot Ob Ugh at Larch posileir ‘Coinlactad * bye ‘lta elochon beam. a Becuune [he bie \ pmill ad by hu prospher fa Veer. rapidly ome melbod wm needed as Inainfaiinerg lia “Geacon pretenre Pre toay to keep Mh “phos hoc qeety § gedrass be pickite Depeatedy by tae arene (Ge lachon b2om bacd Ovex \ (bs Same pone . he pe on salted) of apiaes CRT ay 4 ’ cere . Pocus we Heating qilament ey —_ gee: Necobeiactrirg j 4 ' Anvole . He i f (alte) Cort pronerts } ay olechon Ge Vea Ce ae | heen a ged metal Calfode andl aq cea eate ta g a] ole é : upped = “tu ath ent live cte A Cured Frog a eges of al 2 fila mod , Un Srcle” Che Cyfinelri cal -— Sirti 4 his Quer elechors tp be ' Borled a” te bel Cathode hurfate - de fer, negartiety chapel elechons | hen — Qeeeteraled lotocud fey phosphor a ann Coctt» J oe A a Na positive Vottag a @ @ © Tr ‘ j Shanty Of tc ebeckron beam th Controltesl ‘| te Voltage at tle Confvol ged t — Gnee | . an amouut of — hight emi ted b p es phos Coating depends on Ua ! 7 tos cleaves ony Be Sore grins oy de pl » powinr Uo Contr Urol Conte! gid. Varypreg tte Voltage “or Uns 8 The pony Sas fom ie cet pores Oe electron beam, t Geomge b& f a a “opiskes tts phospho, aed a a Ctomp Lashed twilh vulho olechi com mage 1% et + With olectractalt’e jo tH bacens Be paresd Prmugh 4 ee a metal Cope 3o thet ia ro Cam (be Gataitled & Dd fects of Osi ex tr] alechic o& reagratee ff Habs ane COnnan oe ‘i a Cathde - With 40 P y of meg . dofle e yom past & a Os (tee kp. amd bellora of We CrT mock . Pe eae an pow & mounted 0 o prose Sule of le neck. catd produced by veo) oe a the i oe eet oats caftechsd BO hak U perpend eter to beth fle jold avd Ue didn a the notte piyecuw } g satel Uo sal abectron heam moverg ander « a fow Zontat + ‘ VopHeed cLaple v ann accorp with — [Rene 1 peur Of Cocky | 10 Elechos fate deftectose of He plochon: ber \ CRT 4 —— : used , too fo we when electostatie a lecheo? . of pam poroltl Pp 2s are mounked — vassote pe ede ene Wwhemmes, = One por oF plates i 1 punted haizenGi, — fe control Vertical leplet and often ee prounted yaatetlly _ Conteo/ Past 2eeFAd desleckor . eee de pro Prawajer | Poe Phce og te CRT pean ~+ pert ° 4 |e. hbecun on) Lyictao vo fo Hae heat ensigy and the Te Mamele Causes eleclons in ln phspher alors b& Os “contated® py the Move Lp ® fegh on Guamtum enc Jevely | ~ ter a shot Woe, fee "exerted phosphor etechons heaun bropprig ack fo Huiy Stable Geund Bok , aivong up Hen Oxtra engy % Small quantum of hgh anergy called Photon, _ Ww Homzon a Po tunsing Aeple cho Plates — Vertical Aefee ofr Pralir - ©) Raster Sean Display s ; - The most common ype of Gere mons tor Employing a CRT G Cle Yoofey — Scam clinpp tary bared om teleltsim fechnolagy-. ts, electron beam o aoe vow a. 4. 7ime / t - Ina roster Scan Syslom [Stacpe aAlxOw®. We Berean fer top t& bom. _ As lhe eleckon, btam moves Qoress 2a, gow =, (te bear Vo tense & tne! 6H andl Off 7O Create 2 patloin of Flies notes) SpoG . | Pickere clegonetioo & Sfored Un a momey lanes cabled the vaprerh bugger o “poms = ~ ght mem area holols | Che Fntensty: Volos! 4 all fhe S0reen poet one _ Stored ‘Golensity Vodluss ous baie eu from We ea feah bugter baad " parot oe Seen eve wow ( Sean five ab ™ pps a ee Soren pornt is | Tap erred eS, ae Pixet ox pol L Shoetened fers % pid ie 4 te Capabi lily of a vantey ~ Sean Yh ong Ge Ato Tavera FrermalG bee each Soren Rees make oF Suited ec thas ynahighe ohis poy of ste nes pee u Subte Shading owd cols podlans- w — Home felevisioe ok and Pentetns ote, a we cA oft Sytem tolng Qastey — $ceve metbools . an x CO black — aud while Sytem, gaudy £or20, ink is aii, On oD Sb 7 So on one bik Poy pixel & needed to control fhe Intenstty of Sereen Positions . . a Fos bilevel System, a bi value. of 7 indicates Wat the ebechon ideo ix do. be, turned i in Sienpte. on at ther posite, ave a Veale O imdicates feat (ee bear Intensity we be tb, cE Addittonas bil J \ Ore Asvatea! to ben Cotor Ce, Vor catiors Can he claptoy tol * one aH bik per Prxeb ou Pn chuolaol 5 hig? - quale key oy MI, Uhh den ean re Sevetrot oe Shes dae sl os es ee pty: Tow ae | eg « A Syst ern tuto 2h Ba ape Pret | One) a Sornen ryoaplusn. | Lo /024 by! 1094 pdlgnues 3 mepabaies of Storage be fee 3 Aisffies, black ard igi Ge fern iit Ona, we Ma bit per pret. ,, (te cos tl e ads * irate dalled a Bitmop., Waa ay upteel, + Fos Systerng wilh praktejols be pen frome hype» -DReperedy on. Out at Ue rol Eee ten defemad ai gon pixmap ronter,— Seam chia ptauy, ia \nambeld- | ‘Val te elem Pat, Second * | Oden Jeg" re) Sea altho ome, — Sysitens 7A Cini eden ec abe peqtewh gales Scam bina, jpo eleehon bear | Ab the end of Lach ¥ an bo (he left silt of, te Soin ito ‘bag ve | his ploy "9, Is next Scan Lime + ¢ : : m eS hin to te legr o Vee evens 7 mappeahiy tach pens ba), ig)” Ont thy Aorizonte| welrace 1 of tm elachon foaw Random — Scan dis plas : a CRT 2 In eye eae “displ. Leni ( ha In electron beam clive che only po dhe port oe Te’) Sten, wohus, pictwe te be {aanar \ at ae Random Sean montis * dvb bey picture One Bere ot , dime "and ‘yor 7h FARsors, Ane abo tefe wed b yactor Lisploys: Go wshoke - “n ov Calligenphit eli plade) * the Compo \ ru, ye puke Coun ‘be pawn amd Keds. Star i “ae * eae OS Co ‘ A pert fo ‘pan plo ther operates ve a Sn day Ved avd & OM exemple bo youdom i Scar, hard Copy clevtte’. Ley : ' 4 Refrerh yeti on a roudem - 3 com a de-perds fm ie} number OF Bones B be \ t chioploget* A pickure ‘ da yintion,. 2 store, an a aot of Jun - ‘Arawtng Gmmarcl' vn a ana a es wapored ee ety Fee ee dopey fle eehiye u& o vain pe of dpleg PB To cliaptay a apie picture tes Sygen Gyetes Post, Co hat! °b eee! Ua Hee fo HOON GAN Gt gah \ : ‘ wed ri € Commands heave After at pins, « arnt jeles, Bak B Q2pet\)veis GH ba) ald played, red’ @ owved vay ow i. . ‘ neon ews Fern Spel ot LE Farry Ved y \ : \ | : » Bave of 1) Dijfennoe Raster Sean gpster Randow eae Syste. The. et a : : merer Swept ares me i [ape ateckon Beaio te dam [goth gail mous af Gee only (etee chrne top & bot 3 pte from P otlom cohen, i protesta, b> to MN en jo a : Resotulso| Ls Feoture te PEER pete becewia Yostor ‘Cre: Me Le was aa oa Contrast proctuces tines that a poll of ae Sregs { beet or dibtrete povet, Se&- bin G A fa pettoeas : \ : ett belts ss Prete | pleter paras = a fe : pic e Aleprnitbo * Os : 'Pictene ie Definto} Sheed OS a Sob Ot | : Stosed ao “a\ Seb intensity Vaakuioss hs (ne dau Priv all Screen ‘ powts' ) sd es rae Ged pixels & Gite eine Yep bubfer oer - : ! Realutte| Displg ohe Bit of eel he tem plog| custom to Store Inlbraity | OM a tine values for pixet makes cheargried) » Line -cltuuries By ee ce bee 7 qeahisdee Shaded “scenes. fue yeadalee Abpley of Q pa dowd ener COMA C gl ence Pall rae A rou Sereen gous / pixets Mathematedod 1 fenders mn mag), are used to dvao ow far! und b Aryouo os 4mag® boa plmegs.: \ CoroR cRrT Monitors eC ee eee ‘ eA ORI, monitoe ait coloé phetusras | by yong 2 Combenatien i Pp hes phors! (fret omit different — coltsved Right 4 By Coro biinerg | sige |. gintlied Ligne fro Ben bie” wopiss phar 7 a rere SF Cols “earn be genera’ a. Hoo pute deghed Co lex obs prog’ “ustth ee aK bean ~persborcee matted ' x Shadow aia \mas ke wren ea. bear - pensfroten ‘Aecoos " Tha beam - ee methoe » 6% cotsr, pletwres Mas been tard wit oe peg Scan monites - amcor - 4 toe egos eh phospher 7) Cor re ie qnen 7 OAR coated — Gosts oe olis played colos depends fe how ae the electron beam Pench ates oe eee phos Phe layers - i A beam, of sola) electrons excites only er qre Outer ‘ged! reat a + A” dean op Fe | abstr etd o “Prova fee oad on anh erate te | Garey fer Dagon + i {es \ Conthrahovs & At Totesrediak beam Speed, ef yed and qe fi ae onlttad +t? Show, ¢wo,,), Ogi te Coles s,,.. 4 Or avd yellour : A " oftne ae ae 16 & gre Spe 14 ba “oledbrons 7 and Way hora fia, Souen ee ‘ol, any poet's, 5 a Contro ted by ‘ihe ” Blam Is Sp festg atin Yar ‘ge Boar — ponstrostiso hes “baer apn Faeipnd ve ! date, | Cote! mw, | Todor - i Su Ww fo ae: pes Bee ast moni ters» eat Peet eaters, Quake ©. 1 pelea ‘a me a. 4 phe Af ofha, ,,,Muethools Pa z 1th geet an catt | Cn ¢ In dot triagg le ase bhes phe dot ae pnomyel — SOPRA acl cin ty ok a ee aa i aaa ae ae a a) Shadow mea aha 4 Shadow = mark aa Commonly une bo yooh - Se? Ge Cinctuching. color TY) 5 A Become produce a Wide tange of colors. lean i 4 mothed + io a Sy A rice bce he Beams hina. ep one the + Oke Pree eleskzon aglect=s and focusled ee “eradow frock, bolril Concbarr. oO Swries Of pws alegead with Ue Photphon i. Age pavekre & whee the Tver |peame por Troe We Shadow efhove df acltvote Oo “d [ dak fionegft swe ni tolss spot toe can Flat pannel dicploy| ‘ . \ a alt, Cer + Most Map hics monifoss OE Slt onafreset S007. ouy Fechnotogis qt lemengty that mag Teplace crt monitors . , i & dhe tem -ftat- panel ae mepers a Cbs of video device ~ rat have daa Volure _ oe amd power ppm mice too eRT. ‘ pocket Video | game , tap adaputena Ane” fern 4 melee Vo aunlines adel seniont - 4 Aivicea flak panel olis phorg Cmi'ssive. non ~ en’ ssfye Sduptg displays . forte obepbags: © 4 fre emi ssive ‘dakip lags | (06 ernifrers) ore detce Bar — Convert electrical veneigy unl Lt gat & plasma panels, Re : igh. ent check ote nes Conk oles pha, , ee dplays duo ds OL Lxcamp tes ef ei Solas He emi ssive De, play > 4 ea ios ee she a te opkical ante ounce rt jes patherru. Some ofthe 0 a ae & 9 cae digquid ,— o pe worse bac Plasma panels do pte s ed : : \ + plasma : pawels ae of orkeo cathe’ ogre canbe oieplags «8 : ce By Ailing Oe Tagiow i eeoain dbo! aa plates welt G { | a inte od es Pood tyually — Reon aot anaes | of Vertiéad| Concur a Piving Yottagss applied wo - of 7 heivenkk! ond vatieel lee oo tH 9» at fhe fytersoeto” i fee feo Conductors fo break Lavon rats: bowrey piosna . of “Olechons = and Jew, tps eee Chired pa “eles “vepserhe beg per 7 aud the hey vothages | ol, po te aogerh fee pixel posi beens oo ee : : ce oe hes sheen tak, Fig eae shi ety no nematic _olevies a bul fi Syshers howe been oluveto pel brah oe pow capable olin placy~y color i ound graf sete oo i » gone ova a - > Goo pre _ # ghe & Simday . by cons fruchtto to Phosre pane ° & ghe Le f ference + Ltd pu regen petrocoo (he ge pete pues ltth a phesphir, Such as Zine Saljitle Aeped voit Ree oat : i < : . 3 Vy : : : + cohen hgp voltage eal” pp fed fo 2. paw of Crossvry elechw dey, Ike pres pre, becoma & Conduct uy be area of Ux. intersection” 4 the!’ tusn Glectriodas | 4h ‘Plechtca! ie by wy fhen | absorbed ; et of Nght aie 3 fee , ems Mahia! io eo . re gro ple \ 4p lets teminastont —ouepthap wegen peas pes piaoma pamel avd = an ow od Seabe « duptog? ok prod fo aehiey® ° bgt = ening inde CELEB. otcle oe b arronpel x A mabix °F olro des ; te fem the pixel posits oo Oe, olisptay yoke pleteate, difineiio sired by reper, bop fen i Ke cll ge lee _ Dine peprerbing of OAT prmadiio wb Fead ror Que vepserh ey Onn red to ea & votiage Oo rok ace: Um dodo ee : y toe ap oa fprodisce re Me Ce ferns ws inh = get sip tied “i vo Smo _p Low ee ee : gf eoth'oe bee Lap EP i ce ghee non “ enisstee Aavi cs ‘pro cutce a pictwte by posing polarized Dight Bae ye aumecuntingt from, on | Sinden bigistes SONES fren a bapa = Or! jnededat Yhat SO pons wit Ua - \ 7 oh Fok — pared disply On Poot’ Ba’ cory fructed with = tamale, gtd 0 | Two es pals, dach Containing a Libr polo ze, at aght: jo tee 8b plite = iS Sond ob the Leesiel © ope ere ee. — Rows | ‘horizonto: _ hens parent Condi dos oe bud’ “into one go palate ~ ard) column % — Verheay’ Condichrs ve per indo te Othe poate - — the ‘Tndey sees 4 A hy tee. , Conduits a ec - eeal Teo molecule yan a Choro ve * thw “on. state” — polarized | bight’ pont crm maten at ig feted Bp, lat gow Frvo ugh fe opr the light G then ep jected, on Vieeaex » 3 4 — To turn 6b dt ss} | piel , We phy a Vettage eC ia fag Tntey Sechry Conductos bw ali The molecules se Dagot UT i peel duatad . | : : from erg, ary 6 HG ie mee : se msvarin : Fimage aaptos ol oe Bm ln Sever Acti2 mahix do = Most of thie Smart Phony @ wes “fh, oo Parcive “Eg ae 4 a ‘a Use . pati fy ao) : 6 a ceutiety | ti i ad b based oO — bhackviy oF, Light , Tt deed nol emit ie ee es clietri cal Aguas ib get & Mequid —— Orytlel us orientation well Chewy ave] based 69 Grtentnrum — potsrtend GA lel pow —lhrovgh U. * boned oy 7) ie ai joors Gly. & © appeared i the othe a blocking oh ght 1S been done hes i i oot en — elochi cad lee a Cuystol . 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