Introduction To Sports: Sports Benefits of Playing Sport

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PE2

introduction to sports Benefits of Playing Sport

sports a. chance at sports scholarships


b. develop emotional traits and personality
– an organized, competitive, entertaining, c. develop mental and physical skills
and movement activity that requires d. encourage goal setting and achieving
commitment, discipline, strategy, and fair these goals
play. e. health and fitness benefits
f. improves academic performance
– an activity involving physical exertion g. improve body physique
and skill that is governed by a set of rules h. less risk of cigarette, drugs, and alcohol
or customs and often undertaken use
competitively. i. pleasure
– in 776 BC, the Greeks held the first j. professional growth
Olympic Games, which was a festival k. profit
dedicated to their god, Zeus. it was held l. satisfaction
every four years until it ended in 394 A.D. m. socialization
because of financial corruption.
Terminologies
Classification of Sports According to Player/s
Athletes – players in sports.
Composition
Athletics – organized, highly structured,
Individual Sport – consists of only 1 competitive activities in which skilled
player against an opponent. individuals participate.
Dual Sport – consists of duo/pair against Coach – formal authority within a team.
another 2 players.
Competition – the competitive sport or
Team Sport – consists of three (3) or tournament.
more players per team.
Court – physical facility/venue where
Classification of Sports according to level sports are played.

Amateur – a proletarian/popular type of Equipment – usually heavy and well-built


sport consisting of one player or more materials used in a sport.
acting as ambassador/s of a place Exercise – means to participate, to
competing in a highly organized game. strengthen, or to terms need to be
Professional – popular profitable type of understood.
sport elevated as an entertainment. Game – recreational activities that are not
considered as a sport.
General Classification of Sports
Leisure – the available time used from
> athletics > mind sports work, obligations, and responsibilities.
> ball sports > motor sports
> club-and-ball sports > racket sports Match – an entire game characterized by
> cue sports > riding sports number, time, and order.
> combat sports > target sports
Official – person or group of individuals
> dance sport > water sports
who have the full jurisdiction over the
> extreme sports > weights sports
game.
> gymnastics > winter sports
> wheels sports

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Play – act of playing; an amusement Components of Physical Fitness


engaged for fun that is non-utilitarian that
the outcome is unpredictable. A. Health-Related Components
Riot (Hooliganism) – an increase of Cardio-respiratory Endurance – ability to
negative attitude in a sport; denotes sustain the body in prolonged physical
violence in sports. activities at moderate to high intensity.
Set – partition of a match. Muscular Strength – muscle force
produced within a single to maximum
Sportsmanship – attitude that strives for
effort.
fair play, courtesy toward teammates and
opponents. Muscular Endurance – ability of a muscle
or group of muscles to remain contracted
Supplies – usually refer to as the rackets
for a long period of time.
and balls that are inevitably replace.
Flexibility – ability to move different parts
Team Captain – the leader or the player
of the body through full range of motion.
that is in-charge of his/her co-team
members. Body Composition – proportion of fat and
fat-free mass of the body.
Trainer – instructor that teaches drills and
skills. Organic Vigor – the liveliness and
soundness of the heart, lungs, and cardio-
Uniform – refers to the prescribed
respiratory system and other parts of the
clothing of the players.
body.
B. Sports-Related Components
Review of Physical Fitness Speed – ability to produce successive
movements at a fast period of time.
Physical Fitness
Agility – ability to change direction from
– ability of an individual to carry out daily one place to another within the shortest
task efficiently with enough physical possible time.
capacity to cope with the physical needs
Power – ability to produce muscular
of life.
maximum force.
– generally the state of having a healthy
Balance – ability to maintain body
body of a person who has proper diet,
equilibrium while stationary or moving.
proper rest and regular exercise.
Reaction Time – time elapsed between a
– ability of an individual to perform task
stimulus and a reaction.
successfully, effectively and efficiently
without undue fatigue but with extra Body Coordination – control over a series
reserved in case of emergency. of muscular contractions to create a
desired motion.
Wellness

– an expanded idea of health.


– ability to live life fully with vitality and
meaning.
– the present health goal that people aim.

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PE2

Types of Tournaments Advantages and Disadvantages:


> the champion is the best team.
Tournament > easy to select the good players.
> all the rest are moderate.
– an organized competition in which many
participants play with each other in Badminton
individual games.
– an indoor skill sport and considered to
Basic Diagram for System of Tournament be the fastest racquet-sport played by
either two opposing players (singles) or
1. Single Round Robin (S.R.R)
two opposing duos/pairs (doubles).
– all teams entered in the competition play
against each other. Brief History and Development

Advantages: – originated in ancient Greece about 2000


years ago, which spread to China, India,
> players will gain a lot of exposure. Japan, and Siam (Thailand).
> experiences on the management
official’s side. – was introduced in 1873 at the
> gate revenues will increase. Badminton House, Gloucestershire.
> host city will attract more tourists.
– the Duke of Beaufort was entertaining
Disadvantages: soldiers at his estate while others are
playing Poona. non-military guests began
> more effort, money and time referring to the game as Badminton
> many personnel are needed Game, thus became known as Badminton.
>substantial suspension of classes and
absences of all concerns. – the first badminton club in the world was
established in 1887 known as Bath
Note: Badminton Club.
> a tie or triple tie may occur. in the event – the International Badminton Federation
of a tie, the win-over-the-other principle (IBF) (now known as Badminton World
may apply. Federation) was established in 1934 with
> in case there is a triple tie, it will be Canada, Denmark, England, France, the
resolved by point system or quotient Netherlands, Ireland, New Zealand,
system. Scotland and Wales as the founding
> a bye refers to the entry that will not members.
play in the first round.
– was officially granted Olympic status in
2. Single Elimination (S.E) the 1992 Barcelona Games.
– team has to be defeated once in order to
be eliminated.
Supplies and Equipment

Advantages and Disadvantages: 1. Badminton Racket

> less money, time, and effort > light


> champion may not be the best team > weighs about 75-100 grams
> cruel system > head is either isometric or oval
> strings should be about 0.62 to 0.73 mm
3. Double Elimination (D.E) in thickness with range of 80 to 160 N
– a team has to be beaten twice in order tension.
to be eliminated.

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> shall not exceed 680 mm in overall Distance of long service lines away from
length and 230 mm in overall width. back boundary lines – 0.76 m (2 ft, 6
> composed of carbon fiber composite inches)
and with titanium composites.
> overgrips may be added for friction. Two Types of Hand Stroke

2. Shuttlecock a. Forehand
> also called a birdy or shuttle b. Backhand
> 16-feathered projectile material fixed in
a cork base covered in a kid leather that Basic Skills
has the aerodynamic properties of flying.
> high-drag projectile Clear or Lob – hitting the shuttle upwards
> feathers shall be measured from the tip to the back of the opponent’s court.
to the top of the base. length can be Smash – a powerful hit so that the
between 62 mm and 70 mm; weighs shuttlecock travels on steeply downwards
between 4.74 to 5.50 g. at a great speed into the opponent’s court.
3. Net Drop – hitting the shuttlecock lightly so as
> must be dark in color raised 1.55 meters to move downwards into the opponent’s
high at the edges (5ft and 1 inch) and forecourt.
1.524 meters (5ft) high in the center. Netting/Net Shot – hitting the shuttlecock
4. Net Posts into the opponent’s forecourt, as close to
the net as possible.
> placed on top of the line within the
double side lines and are extended 5 feet Drive – hitting the shuttlecock on a
and 1 inch high from the floor. straight line just above the net into the
opponent’s court.
5. Clothing
Service – act of putting the player/s in
> whole clothing (shirt and short) should play.
be comfortable.
Basic Footwork
6. Shoes
1. Ready Stance
> lightweight with gum soles of rubber or
similar high-grip, non-marking materials. 2. Side-to-side (Defense)
7. Badminton Court 3. V-Front
> rectangular and divided into halves by a 4. V-Back
net.
> a court is marked with side lines, long 5. Front and Back/Forward – Backward
service lines, short service lines, and (Vice-Versa)
center lines, including left and right service
Basic Tips
courts.
Measurements: 1. Know your opponent.
2. Serve well
Width for singles – 5.18 m (17ft) 3. Avoid lobbing
Width for doubles – 6.1m (20 ft) 4. Focus on the game
Full length of the court – 13.4 m (44 ft) 5. Attack on the middle or in the body
Distance of the short service lines away
from the net – 1.98 m (6ft, 6 inches)

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Faults in Badminton 2. The Ball


– white or orange celluloid-made table
1. if the racket is higher than the server’s
tennis ball, with a matte finish, must
hand.
measure exactly 40 mm. in diameter and
2. if the shuttlecock did not land in the
weigh exactly 2.7 grams.
correct court after the service.
3. if the shuttlecock passed on or below 3. The Net (Assembly)
the net.
4. if the shuttlecock hits the ceiling. – shall be attached on both sides to
5. if the shuttlecock hits the clothing or upright poles that stand 15.25 centimeters
body of the player high, with the posts set 15.25 centimeters
6. if the player hits the net. beyond the side line.
4. The Table
Table Tennis
– 2.74 m (9ft) long, 1.525 m (5ft) wide, and
– a tennis-like skill sport in which two or 76 cm (30 inch) high with a Masonite or
four players hit a lightweight ball back and similarly manufactured timber, layered with
forth using a bat/paddle or racket. a smooth, low-friction coating.
– takes place on a table divided by a net.
Fundamentals of Table Tennis
Brief Historical Development
Two (2) Major Types of Grip
– originated in England probably in late a. Shakehand (Orthodox or Western
1800’s serving as an after-dinner Grip) – one grips the racket like the way
amusement for the upper class Victorians. one does a hand shake.
– the first table tennis world championship b. Penhold (Chinese Grip) – one grips
tournament was played in London during the racket to the way one holds a writing
the year 1927. instrument.
– Olympic table tennis was first played in
Hand Strokes
1988 in Seoul, South Korea.
1. Forehand – the dominant hand stroke
Supplies and Equipment
used in playing table tennis.
1. The Racket/Paddle/Bat 2. Backhand – opposite of the dominant
– the wooden portion of the racket (blade) hand stroke.
shall be even thickness flat surface and
Types of Shots
rigid consisting of at least 85% of natural
wood. 1. Offensive Strokes (Attack mode)
– average size of the blade is a. Speed drive – racket is primarily
approximately 6.5 inches (16.5 cm) long perpendicular to the direction of the
and 6 inches (15 cm) wide. stroke.
– the covering may be plain, ordinary b. Loop – racket is much more parallel to
pimpled rubber with spots outward and a the direction of the stroke.
total thickness of not more than 2 mm.
c. Counter drive – type of stroke is
usually a counter attack against drives,
normally high loop drives.

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d. Flip – also known as flick in Europe; 4. Rally – the exchange of shots during
using a quick short wrist movement, a which the ball is in play.
player hits the ball towards the opponent’s
5. Any hitting of the ball must be done
half of the table.
such that the ball passes over the net or
e. Smash – player hits the ball forcibly to around the net. Point – pertains to a 1-
the opponent’s half of the court. point score as a result of a rally.
2. Defensive (Guard/Shield mode) 6. In doubles, the receiving and hitting of
ball will be done alternately.
a. Slice – also known as push; the racket
hits the ball doing a slash motion 7. The first player or pair who scores
underneath. eleven (11) points wins a game (set).
b. Chop – also known as cut; a defense Scoring
backspin shot to loop drive and is done
with a bigger and heavier slice. A point is garnered by the opponent if:
c. Block – also known as short; a racket is 1. the player is not able to execute a
placed just in front of the ball. correct service or receive.
d. Lob – also known as lift; a player 2. the player makes an illegal serve such
heavily lifts the ball producing a vertical as hiding and/or failing to toss
projectile height before it touches the
opponent’s table. the ball.

e. Stop – also known as drop shot; a 3. the player is not able to hit the ball.
player positioned the racket just in front of 4. the player allows the ball to bounce
the ball without any movement of the twice.
hand.
5. the player hits the ball twice.
Spin
6. the player hits the ball before it has
– refers to the rotation of the ball whether bounced on one's own side of the table.
top, back, or side with a brushing action in 7. the player's free hand touches the
the racket surface. surface of the table.
The Game 8. the player moves the table or touches
the net assembly during rally.
Umpire – has the full jurisdiction over the
game. 9. the player's racket or hand touches the
net.
Assistant Umpire – the person appointed
to assist the umpire and likewise, given an 10. the player obstructs the ball.
authority to do certain duties.
11. the player commits a second offense
1. Service – the act of putting the players within a match after a warning was given
in play. by the umpire. In third the offense, two (2)
points will be awarded to the opposing
2. The server should stand just right in the player.
end of the table.
12. the ball does not touch the side of the
3. If the ball strikes the net but does not table of the opponent.
pass over it, a point will be awarded to the
opponent. Let – the service that is not 13. the ball touches one's body.
counted.

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14. the ball touches the side of the racket


without rubber.
15. the ball touches anything other than
the net assembly during the rally.

Alternation of Service

– the turn to serve will be done alternately


every after two (2) consecutive services
until a player/ pair wins a set with eleven
(11) points having two (2) points
advantage over the opponent/s.

Playing Doubles

– the doubles service rule: that service


must originate from the right hand box in
such a way that the first bounces once in
the said right hand box and then must
bounce, at least once, in the opponent
side’s right hand box (far left box for
server).

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