The Visual Arts Structure: Elements and Medium of Design, Technique of Presenting Art Subject

THE VISUAL ARTS
STRUCTURE
ELEMENTS AND MEDIUM OF DESIGN,
TECHNIQUE OF PRESENTING ART SUBJECT
GROUP 2
VISUAL ARTS
Visual art refers to anything that can be visually
perceived and interpreted, such as paintings,
sculptures, and drawings. This could also include
performances and installations if they are exhibited in
a gallery or other public space where they can be
seen and evaluated by the general public.
The main focus of visual arts is creative

expression through visual means. This
means there is communication without the
need for words and without the need for
the other human senses.
Visual art is a fundamental
component of the human
experience reflecting the world and
the time in which we live. Art can
help us understand our history, our
culture, our lives, and the
experience of others in a manner
that cannot be achieved through
other means.
ELEMENTS OF ART
SHAPE LINE
A shape is a two-dimensional design Lines are marks moving in a space
encased by lines to signify its height between two points. Artists use many
and width. Shapes are used to provide
different types of lines like: Including,
a symbolic and faux feeling. Shapes can
have different color to make it seem
actual, implied, vertical, horizontal,
three-dimensional. There are different diagonal, and contour lines. Each line
types of shapes like circles, triangles, has a different meaning, curve, length,
and squares. thickness, and flexibility.
SPACE FORM
Space is the distance between shapes A form is a three-dimensional object

and objects. Positive space refers to the that can be held and walked around. A
areas of the work with a subject. form can be objects like cylinders,
Negative space is the space without a spheres, or even hard-edged objects
subject. Artists use spacing to create like cubes.
different effects.
TEXTURE VALUE
Texture is usually used to describe the Value refers to the degree of

surface quality. Textures can be ‘real’ or perceivable lightness of tones within an
‘implied’. Real surface quality is mainly image. The difference in values is called
seen through three-dimensional works, Contrast. It references the lightest and
like sculptures. Implied surface quality darkest tones with grey variants in
describes how the eye perceives the between a work of art.
texture based on visual cue.
COLOUR
Colour is the spectrum of light broken
down when hitting a surface and
reflected into the eye. Colour has
various properties like ‘hue’ which has a
basic range of colours like red and blue,
‘intensity’ which is the strength of a
colour, ‘value’ which is the lightness
and darkness of the colour, and
‘temperature’ which is the warmness or
coolness which the viewer feels when
looking at the colour.
MEDIUM OF
VISUAL ARTS

SCULPTURE
A. Stone and Bronze
Stone is durable: it resist weather, fire, and all ordinary hazards, it is
heavy, expensive and breaks easily.
Of the metals, the one most commonly used traditionally was
bronze
B. Ivory
By Usually carvings in ivory are small, the reasons being the great
expense of ivory and the difficulty of securing it in large pieces. The
color of ivory is a rich, creamy yellow. Like wood, ivory cracks.
C. Terra Cotta
The term terra cotta means “ baked earth “ Terra cotta made by
firing clay, as in pottery. It is usually painted and covered with a
heavy glaze.
PAINTING
A. Oil
The vehicle is oil and the surface is usually canvas,
though other various surfaces may be used. The
special advantage of oil is that is stays moist for a
long time. The rough surface of a text is so thick that
each stroke shows clearly.
B. Water Color
In water color, the pigments are mixed with water
and applied in a fine, white paper. The paper shines
through the paint and makes the color brilliant. It is
difficult to produce warm, rich tones in water color.
FRESCO
In Fresco painting a wall is prepared with successive coats of plaster. Design are prepared in
advance in a large sheets of paper, each sheets accounting for a section of the wall.
It is accordingly a medium of a broad, bold outlines, usually with great simplification of form.
Encaustic
Wax was used by the Egyptians for portrait painted on mummy
cases. There were several different ways of preparing the wax, but in
general the doctor was mixed in warm wax and burned it.
PASTEL
In Pastel, pigments in the form of powders are compressed lightly in a sticks. Its
color are brilliant, and it is a very flexible medium, one in which very rich and
varied effects may be produced.
MOSAIC
Mosaic, stained glass, and tapestry are usually classed with painting,
through the medium is not pigment. A picture in mosaic is made by
putting all together small pisces of colored glass or stone, called “
tesserae”
STAINED GLASS
Like the mosaic, the stained glass window is a kind of patch work it is made by
combining many small pieces of colored glass which are held together by bands of lead.
In a large window, the lead is reinforced by heavy iron bars that make very heavy black
lines in the picture
Tapestry
Tapestries are large fabrics in which a design is woven by hand .
Being of very firm texture, they shut out the cold and helped to
preserve the heat from the fire place.
DRAWING
Drawing is a form of visual art in
which an artist uses instruments to
mark paper or other two-
dimensional surface. Drawing
instruments include graphite
pencils, pen and ink, various kinds
of paints, inked brushes, colored
pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk,
pastels, erasers, markers, styluses,
and metals.
PENCIL
· One of the most common because of its
general utility especially for making rapid
notes. The French artist Ingres made
many delicate and crisp pencil portrait as
one of means of support while he was
living in Rome.
SILVER POINT
· A drawing made with a gold or silver wire
on specially prepared paper, is often very
pale in tone and has little vitality but is very
delicate and warmly shadowy.
INK · Makes a clear, crisp, often sketchy and
spontaneous line; ofyen ink is combines
with wash.
BISTER
· A brown pigment made by
mixing the soot from burning
wood with a little binder.
CHARCOAL
· One of the oldest mediums for
drawing. The charcoal is made
by roasting wood in a closed
vessel. This medium is capable
of a great variety of tones from
the darkest to the very light.
CHALK
Another medium that has been
used from the earliest times. It
is found in white, black, and
red. The red was especially
desired for figure sketches.
PRINTS
ENGRAVING
An engraving is in many ways the opposite

of a woodcut, the parts that are to be black
are left standing, and the remainder of the
black is cut away.
In engraving, the lines of the design are cut
on a metal plate these lines are then filled
with ink and transferred from the plate to
the paper.
ETCHING
Etching differs in engraving in

the way the lines are made.
In etching, the plate is covered
with a coating of a thin, warlike
material called a “ground”.
LITHOGRAPHY
The lithography is the most resent of

the four common types of print. It
was discovered just before 1800,
where as woodcuts, engraving and
etchings go back to the fifteenth and
sixteenth century.
The design is drawn on a heavy
greasy crayon on a specially prepared
stone, and ink impressions are made
from it.
TECHNIQUES OF
PRESENTING ART
SUBJECT
REALISM
- Realism, in the arts, the accurate,

detailed, unembellished depiction of
nature or of contemporary life.
ABSTRACT
- Abstract art uses visual language of

shape, form, color and line to create a
composition which may exist with a
degree of independence from visual
references in the world.
TYPES OF
ABSTRACTS

DISTORTION
the subject is in misshaped condition.

ELONGATION
1. subject is lengthened for protraction or

extension
MANGLING
subject maybe cut or lacerated, mutilated,

or hacked
CUBISM
subject are shown in basic geometrical

shapes.
SYMBOLISM
-the presentation of an invisible sign
such as an idea or a quality into
something visible.
FAUBISM

Fauvism – themes are either ethical, philosophical or

psychological. Subjects express comfort, joy or
happiness

DADAISM
Dadaism – a protest movement formed in 1916 by
group of artist in Zurich, Switzerland. They try to
provoke the public with outrageous forms of arts.
- Came form the french word “dada” meaning

“hobby horse”
FUTURISM
Futurism – its works aims to capture the speed and
force of modern industrial society and to glorify
the mechanical energy of modern life
SURREALISM
Surrealism – founded in Paris in 1924 by French
poet Andre Breton
- It tries to reveal a new and higher reality than that

of daily life. They claim to create a magical world
more beautiful than the real one through art
- It came from the slang of super realism
FUTURISM
Futurism – its works aims to capture the speed and
force of modern industrial society and to glorify
the mechanical energy of modern life
HOW VISUAL ARTS
IS IMPORTANT TO
EDUCATION?
Through Visual Arts, students learn to reflect
critically on their own experiences and
responses to the work of artists, craftspeople
and designers and to develop their own arts'
knowledge. They learn, with growing
sophistication, to express and communicate
experiences through and about visual arts.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
Don't hesitate to ask any questions!

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THE VISUAL ARTS

The main focus of visual arts is creative

Space is the distance between shapes A form is a three-dimensional object

Texture is usually used to describe the Value refers to the degree of

An engraving is in many ways the opposite

Etching differs in engraving in

The lithography is the most resent of

- Realism, in the arts, the accurate,

- Abstract art uses visual language of

the subject is in misshaped condition.

1. subject is lengthened for protraction or

subject maybe cut or lacerated, mutilated,

subject are shown in basic geometrical

Fauvism – themes are either ethical, philosophical or

- Came form the french word “dada” meaning

- It tries to reveal a new and higher reality than that

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