Grade 9

Name: ______________________________
Section: _____________

Mathematics
Quarter 2: Module 1
Variations and Zero & Negative Integral Exponent
IFL/
CORE
VALUES WHAT I NEED TO MEDITATE

God’s Blessing!
God blesses the home of the righteous (Proverbs 3:33). He is just, thus, as long as you keep His commandments,
He will always bless you and give the things you deserve. God also blesses the one who does not walk in step with the
wicked or stand in the way that sinners take (Psalm 1:1). Hence, if you shun evil ways and reject wicked acts, blessings
will be abundant in your life.
A blessing is what we get from practicing righteousness and rejecting wickedness. It is something that we earn
through our good decisions and actions. Simply, it is a gift that God gives to us from doing the right thing.
Blessings may come in the form of wealth, health, or just pure and simple happiness. Most people earn financial
blessings, not because they are lucky, but simply because they are hardworking, patient, and not lazy.
People also gain the blessings of health, not because they were born for it, but because they work for it through self-
discipline and persistence. We also get the blessings of pure joy, not because we are fortunate but because we choose
happiness itself and live with it.

Explain the following.

1. God does not give us everything we want, but He does fulfill His promises, leading us along the best and
straightest paths to Himself.
2. The greatest blessing in the whole world is being a blessing.

“May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in him, so that you may overflow with hope by the power
of the Holy Spirit.” Romans 15:13   

Lesson 1: Direct Variation

Lesson Objectives:
In this lesson, you will learn the following:

 illustrate situations that involve direct variation;

 translate into variation statement a relationship involving direct variation between two quantities given by a table of values, a
mathematical equation, a graph, and vice versa;
 solve problems involving direct variations; and
 applies the laws involving positive integral exponents to zero and negative integral exponents.

Let us begin our lesson by doing activities that will illustrate the concept of direct variation. These activities used situations we
practically encountered in our real-life. It is hoped that you can be able to identify relationships and patterns and further use these
concepts in solving problems involving direct variation.

ACTIVITY 1: Extra Rice (Write your answer on a separate sheet.)

Jelo plans to buy rice out of his own savings. He wants to help his mother whose work has been affected of the
community quarantine implemented by the government due to the pandemic. The variety of rice he decides to buy cost
Php40 per kilo.

Photo Credits: Miladima A. Boa

Let x be the number of kilos and y be the cost of rice.

A. Complete the table below showing the relationship between the number of kilos(x) of rice bought and the total cost(y) of rice.
Number of kilos (x) 1 2 3 4 5
Total cost (y) 40 80

B. Answer the following:

1. As the number of kilos(x) increases, what happens to the total cost(y)? Will it increase, decrease or remain the
same?
2. Using this pattern, how much is the total cost(y) if the number of kilos(x) bought is 5?
3. What mathematical operation did you apply? Is there a constant number involved?
Explain the process that you have discovered.
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ACTIVITY 2: Let’s Go! (Write your answer on a separate sheet.)
Joash is riding his car leaving Iligan City to visit his grandparents in Lanao del Norte. He travels at 70 kilometers
per hour. The table below shows the time in hours (t) travelled and the distance in km (d) covered by a car.

Photo Credits: Miladima A. Boa

Let t be the number of hours and d be the distance.

A. Complete the table below

Time in hour (t) 1 2 3 4 5
Distance in km (d) 70 140
d
t 70 70
B. Answer the following:
1. When time in hours (t) increases, how does distance in km (d) change?
2. Plot the points (t, d) in the plane. What have you observed with the points plotted?
350
280
distance (d)

210
140
70
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
time (t)
d
3. What do you observe about the ratio ? What is the constant rate?
t
4. Complete the equation that shows the relationship between the time in hours (t) and the distance in km (d) of
car travelled. d = _______________

Direct Variation occurs when one quantity is equal to a constant times the other quantity. This can be expressed
y
into mathematical statement or equation as y = kx, where k = is the constant of variation or constant of proportionality.
x
These statements can be:
“ y varies directly as x ”
“ y is directly proportional to x ” and
“ y is proportional to x ”.

These statements mean that for two quantities, x and y, an increase in x causes an increase in y as well.
Similarly, a decrease in x causes a decrease in y.

Let us study the following statements translated into equations where k represents the constant of variation or
constant of proportionality.

Examples – A:
1. “a is directly proportional to b”
a
is translated as a = kb where k =
b
2. “The circumference (c) of a circle varies directly as the length of its diameter (d).”
c
is translated as c = kd where k =
d
3. “The cost (c) of fish varies directly as the number (n) of kilos bought.”
c
is translated as c = kn where k =
n
Examples – B: Real–life Application of Direct Variation
1. A worker’s pay check P varies directly as the number of hours h worked. For working 20 hrs, the payment is
₱1 000.00. Find the payment for 45 hrs of work.
Solution:
Method 1:
2
 Because h and P are in direct proportion, P = kh, where k is a constant.

When h = 20, P = 1000

1 000 = k x 20
1000
k=
20
k = 50
Thus, P = 50h.

When h = 45,
P = 50 x 45
P = ₱ 2 250.00

Method 2:
Because h and P are in direct proportion,
P 1 h1
=
P 2 h2

Let h1 = 20, P1 = 1 000, and h2 = 45.

Substitute these values into the proportion.

1000 20
=
P2 45
1 000 x 45
P 2=
20
P2=2 250

ACTIVITY 3: Try It!

A worker’s pay check P varies directly as the number of hours h worked. For working 24 hours, the
payment is ₱ 1 200.00. Find the payment for 48 hours of work.

ACTIVITY 4: What I Have Learned 1.

A. Fill in the blanks to make the statement true.

1. If the statement “m varies directly as n”, then the corresponding equation is _______.
y
2. In direct variation equation y = kx, k = is the ________ of variation.
x
3. The graph of direct variation is a __________.
4. For the two quantities in direct variation, an increase in one quantity causes _________ in the other quantity.
5. If P is directly proportional to q, then the equation for k is __________.

B. Answer the following:

1. Given that m varies directly as b, complete the table of values below

m 15 20 30 75
b 45 75

What is the constant of variation?

2. A Junkshop dealer pays a kilogram of plastic bottles at Php12.00 from collectors. In the table, c is the cost in
peso and n is the number of kilos of plastic bottles.

n 1 2 3 4 5 6
c 12 24 36 48 60 72

a. Explain briefly why this situation represents a direct variation.

b. Write a mathematical statement that relates the quantities n and c.
c. What is the constant of variation? Formulate the mathematical equation.
d. Graph the relation.

CONGRATULATIONS! You have finished the lesson 1 of this

module. Now let me know how much you learn! Please answer the
activity below.

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 Lesson 2: Inverse Variation
Lesson Objectives:
In this lesson, you will learn the following:

 illustrate situations that involve inverse variation;

 translate into variation statement a relationship involving inverse variation between two quantities given by a table
of values, a mathematical equation, a graph, and vice versa; and
 solve problems involving inverse variations.

Let’s Review
Consider this car travelling at a constant speed of 30 km/h. In 1 hour, it goes 30 km. In 2 hours, it goes 60 km. In
3 hours, it goes 90 km. and so on. The data is shown in the table below.

http:// hdwallpaperzs.blogspot.com/2016/07/car-cartoon-pictures.html

Distance d (km) 30 60 90 …120

Time taken t (h) 1 2 3 …4

The graph of the relation as shown above, indicates that d

increases as t increases. So, the distance covered varies directly as
the time. The equation for relation is d = 30 t. Such relation is called a
direct variation.

For instance, you are driving home, if you decrease your speed, the time you get home increases. However, if you
increase your speed, the time you get home decreases. How will you describe this relation? Relations like this will be
discussed in this lesson.

Example 1.
Michael wants to have an extension of his house. He clearly knows that the number of days to finish the work
depends on number of workers. Some possible number of days and number of workers are as follows:

Let n be the number of workers Number of workers(n) 2 4 6 8 16

Let d be the number of days Number of days (d) 24 12 8 6 3

Let us answer the questions below:

1. How do the number of workers (n) and number of days (d) affect each other?
Answer: as the number of workers increases the numbers of days of work decreases

2. Plot the points (n, d) in the plane. What have you observed with the points plotted?
Answer: the graph of the relation is a hyperbola. It never passes through the origin. Also, it never crosses the x or
y axis.

3. What do you observe about the product of n and d? What is the constant value?
Answer: The product of n and d is equal to 48 which is constant as shown in the table below, hence, k=48 or the
constant is 48.
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 Number of workers(n) 2 4 6 8 16
Number of days (d) 24 12 8 6 3
n(d) 2(24) 4(12) 6(8) 6(8) 16(3)
48 48 48 48 48

4. Complete the equation that describes the relationship between number of workers (n) and number of days (d).
d = _______________
48
Answer: d=
n