Internal Assignment Applicable for December 2022 Examination

Course: Decision Science

Answer 1.

Your prayers would be greatly appreciated as Garuda prepares to compete in the next campaign
of the Indian Premier League. They worked hard and should be rewarded for it by being allowed
to compete.

Based on his research of the team's prior accomplishments, a well-known sports analyst named
Raj Kaul rated Garuda a sixty percent probability of success. The majority of bookies offer the
team presently in first place in the league odds of roughly 70% to win the following match. After
trailing 1-3 in the series, they will be mathematically eliminated from entering the playoffs if
they lose any of the next three games.

If you wish to advance to the seventh and final game of the series, you must win two of the
games listed above in the sequence displayed. They must win both of their remaining matches in
order to advance to the next round. If they win the following match, they will be permitted to
bring the trophy back to the hotel. It was natural for them to be discouraged after finding that
their efforts on the pilot gear had been in vain. This was just natural. They had very nothing to
show for their efforts. They had to put in a lot of effort during the series, but it appeared like their
efforts were paying off since they were in a fantastic position to win the title. They had a
reasonable chance of making the playoffs and maybe winning the title in its entirety.

In the event that Garuda makes it all the way to the final game, there is a good chance that they
will lose. Regardless of how rigorously they prepare, this event will take happen. It makes no
difference to the end result. The difficulties seemed insurmountable at first, but they were
gradually overcome.

There are six different scenarios that might occur as a direct result of the first Garuda
tournament. If #6 occurs, it will help Garuda.
 When questioned about Garuda's poor performance in their first game, just a few people were
able to recall the specifics.

The following hypotheses are supported by the evidence to a certain extent: Because p
(F/W) is equal to 0.70, the value of p (F'/W) in this scenario is equal to 1-0.70, which is 0.3.
In addition, given that P (F/L) = 0.25, p (F'/L) = 1-0.25, which equals 0.75. Given that 0.6
minus 0.4 is equal to 0.4, the value of p (L) when P (W) is equal to 0.6 is 0.4.

They construct a tree diagram using these pieces of data.

For the team Garuda

WINTHESERIES LOST THE SERIES

0.6
0.4

WIN THE FIRST GAME LOST THE FIRST GAME WIN THE FIRST GAME
LOST THE FIRST GAME

0.7 0.30 0.25

0.75
0
If manually organizing the data and establishing links between the many discoveries would take
too much effort, a tree diagram might be used instead. Too many discoveries might lead to this
becoming a reality. This is conceivable if there are too many major findings to discuss all at
once. In many cases, the efforts of a group as a whole are more likely to succeed than the efforts
of its individual members. This has to be considered as an alternate option. This is an important
consideration when planning large-scale events. It is possible to use tree diagrams to demonstrate
not only the solutions to a problem, but also the best order in which to apply them. Think of this
main idea as the trunk of the tree, from which thoughts might branch out in any number of
different directions.

The exploration of many possibilities is enabled by constructing a probability tree from the
collected information. Their success over seemingly insurmountable obstacles was made
possible by their meticulous preparation for every conceivable situation. After excluding unlikely
events, the total number of possible future possibilities may be simply computed. Once that's
taken care of, things will move more quickly. Keep in mind that this is only an approximate
estimate. It is up to you to interpret the tree's structure. Even in its most basic version, this
method has the potential to provide support for countless claims as well as insight into an infinite
number of real-world occurrences.

Garuda strikes up conversations with people from all walks of life as it flies from tree to tree. He
gained a broader perspective by interacting with people from many civilizations. The overall
amount of data associated with a Garuda node may increase or decrease according on the
requirements. To be successful, you must have access to a wide range of tools, incentives, and
awards that promote and recognise outstanding accomplishment. Despite the fact that all of these
ideas are legitimate, they can only be carried out properly if they follow a certain pattern.

From the data provided in the likelihood tree, we may conclude the following:
For this to occur, P (W/F) must be non-zero.

Using the following formula, we can precisely calculate P (W/F'):

P (W) = p (W F') / P (F').

0.18 / 0.18 +0.3

0.180 / 48

0.375

OR
Ans 2.

As per the given values in question:

Calculations of Regression Analysis:

X Y X*Y χ2 y²
5 5 25 25 25
5 5 25 25 25
4 5 20 16 25
4 5 20 16 25
5 5 25 25 25
5 5 25 25 25
3 5 15 9 25
5 5 25 25 25
4 4 16 16 16
4 4 16 16 16
4 4 16 16 16
4 4 16 16 16
3 4 12 9 16
3 4 12 9 16
4 4 16 16 16
2 4 8 4 16
3 3 9 9 9
3 3 9 9 9
3 3 9 9 9
2 3 6 4 9
2 2 4 4 4
2 2 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
 3 1 3 9 1
1 1 1 1 1
Sum = 86 Sum = 93 Sum = 340 Sum=320 Sum=377

With the data given in question and derived above;

n
X ¿ 1/n ∑ Xi
i=0

= 86 /27 = 3.185185

n
Y ¿ 1/n ∑ Yi
i=0

= 93/27 = 3.444444444

n
1
SSxx=∑ X 2 − ¿
i=1 N

= 320 - 86 2 / 27 = 46.0740

n
1
SSyy=∑ Y 2− ¿
i=1 N

= 377 - 932 /27 = 56.66666

Therefore,

n n
1
SSxy=∑ X i Y i – ¿ (1/n ∑ Yi ¿
i=1 n i=0

= 93/27 = 43.777

On the basis of past formulas (inclination m and Y-intercept n), the regression coefficients
can be calculated by using the following:

M = SSxy / SSxx = 43.77777/ 46.074074

 = 0.9502

N = Y – X *m = 3.4444444- 3.185185185 *0.9502

= 0.418

Through this, the regression equation is = Y = 0.418 + 0.9502 X

According to the data presented above, the scatter plot and regression graph shown below were
created:

The Line of regression Y on X is

Y = 0.418 + 0.9502 X

With a high degree of accuracy, one may derive the following from the scatter plot and the prior
regression result: The following are some of the possible outcomes: The mathematical approach
known as regression analysis is a challenging procedure that must be completed in order to
conduct a thorough assessment of the relationships that exist between a number of independent
variables. The primary goal of this research is to identify the variables that contribute to the
existence of the other, and this will serve as a beginning point. Regression analysis is a statistical
tool that may be used to investigate the potential of connections between various sets of
independent variables. You can use your experience to make expert judgements, or you can use
your best judgement to estimate the true fair market value of each component, however this will
depend on the state of the economy. You may use your expertise to create expert judgements.
The value of each individual component must be determined. You are free to follow your whims
and passions wherever they may take you. The table below provides an overview of the services
that are provided at each of the many price levels that are currently accessible to clients. As a
consequence, it's possible that a far broader range of clients with a wider range of incomes may
suddenly be able to afford these charges. Before responding to your request, it is critical to assess
the model's level of accuracy. As a result, it is critical to study thoroughly in order to be prepared
to deliver substantial responses to the questions that will undoubtedly follow. Why don't we just
keep doing these duties the same way we've been doing them? If you have completed all of the
tasks for the current level, you are qualified to advance to the next level. You are free to go to the
next section whenever you are ready.

The original features that first set it distinctive should not be abandoned in order to
acquire extra usefulness; this would be detrimental.

Employees in charge of data administration should take solace in the knowledge that regression
estimates indicate that their future pay will remain consistent. This is done to increase the
likelihood that their money will be spent wisely and productively. It is nearly impossible to avoid
dealing with the problem's central issue of regression prediction. Although continuous, linear,
and quadratic regression models are the most common types of regression models, there are
many more possible forms. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of direct models
in the academic study of a wide range of fundamental phenomena. There is a widespread belief
that direct models produce more reliable results than their indirect relatives. It is quite unlikely
that this trend will reverse in the foreseeable future. It is reasonable to expect that this trend will
continue in the same direction. If you wish to model anything, you will not require any more
modelling methodologies, including indirect modelling, because you can model everything
directly. This section will just go through a few of the many different components. Nonlinear
regression analysis is required to effectively understand data when the major variables in a
complex data set reveal exponential relationships or interactions. When the root causes of the
problem have been identified, the next step is to proceed to this phase. Using this method, any
interdependence that occurs between the elements is taken into account. Errors may be erased via
continuous training at this level of awareness.

The slope of the regression line for Y given X may be described graphically using the
equation Y = 0.418 + 0.9502, which may also be stated as a visual portrayal of the slope.

This article will provide much-needed context for the equation, the development of which
required a significant amount of effort. The fact that this finding made it simple to calculate the
slope of the line gives it a lot of practical use. Recent research lends support to this notion,
implying that Y might be regarded a regressor. [Insert reference here] [Insert reference here] The
letter Y is a regressor, since its name simply translates to "regressor." The graphs below show the
effect that the x and y parameters have on the various models.

This is an undeniable reality that applies in all situations and to all people. The use of regression
equations simplifies and expedites the process of determining the relationship between two
variables. It's possible that the only thing needed is to connect the two elements. When b1 equals
0.9502, a value that is likely to be observed in practice, we can calculate the slope of the
regression line (B1 in the equation) (B1 in the equation) Both of these concepts are intended to
complement one another. Because there are only five possibilities, it is extremely improbable
that any of them will be true more frequently than the others. There is a correlation between the
frequency of quality inspections and the possibility for an increase in customer satisfaction.

The level of stress in our society is already fairly high, and it is only going to rise as the diversity
of our lives increases. Clients now have considerably higher expectations than in the past,
making it much more difficult for businesses to meet those goals. Even if we could have done
something similar in the past, we are unable to do it now. If your products and services do not
appeal to a specific demographic, they may not be as successful as those of your competitors.
Even if the quality of your services is far higher than that of your main competitor, you are
unlikely to be successful. As a direct consequence of this, you stand the potential of losing
business from specific consumers.
I now have a greater appreciation for the challenges that persons in positions of leadership face
as a consequence of conversations I've had with people who operate their own businesses. It is
critical for people who own businesses of any kind to get out there and talk to other people in
order to improve their knowledge and grow their businesses. This is true regardless of the
specific decisions made for a company's operation. In contrast to the previous inquiry, this one
provides a more in-depth investigation of the matter at hand, with the primary emphasis on the
institution's difficult history.

According to the poll findings, there are no evident advantages to shopping in physical stores or
on the internet. Before agreeing to work with a legal opponent who is presently selling things in
your specialised market, conduct a cost-benefit analysis. These are only a few examples from an
immensely wide range of possible scenarios.

The extent of your success will be directly proportional to your ability to connect with and
engage the audience you aim to target.

Find a company that provides equivalent goods or services to your own and targets customers
that are similar to your target market to get a better understanding of potential competitors. Your
competitors are other companies that provide goods or services that are comparable to those you
provide and that target the same group of consumers as you do (buyers of comparable goods or
services) (purchasers of identical commodities or services). The number of people who are
interested in learning more about this industry has increased noticeably over the course of the
last few years. There are more proposals, which results in more attention.

You should conduct thorough market research using reliable sources before attempting to target
a certain population that you believe might be interested in your products or services. You should
then focus all of your marketing efforts on that audience. To protect user data, the website will
be down during the maintenance window.

CONCLUSION

This data was obtained using time-consuming techniques such as focus groups, surveys, and one-
on-one interviews; yet, these approaches were critical. In this scenario, the use of a questionnaire
might prove to be a useful method of gathering information. When researchers use this poll's
data as a starting point for future polls, they will have more options in terms of sample size,
question sequencing, and the level of scientific rigour applied to the survey. This poll is being
conducted in order for subsequent polls to more closely match their findings to those of this
survey. This is due to the fact that the information gathered in this survey has the potential to
serve as the foundation for future research, both short and long term. The following paragraphs
explain the reasoning behind this decision.

Build an attempt to make a mental link between at least three elements that appear to be
unconnected at first glance. Regression design is a unique design method that improves a
company's possibilities of understanding important data point assessments and economic
advanced analytics. This contributes to the overall strengthening of the condition and growth.
The b1 regression result indicated that the user had an extremely fast connection if the
connection speed was 0.9502 or higher. It stands to reason that if customers were given the
option to rate their happiness on a scale other than 1-5, they would provide more feedback. You
must mentally prepare for this situation before it occurs. She began her career by gaining skills in
e-commerce, and she eventually developed her company to its current size. Shivaniraje. It is
possible that it will discover patterns and relationships using the information you provide. He
had learned from previous experiences that in order to provide an objective assessment of the
Kakula Organization, he needed to create some distance between himself and the organisation.
He'd experienced a similar realization to you.
Ans 3a.

State District Name Number of Micro, Relative Frequency Result

Name Small and
= Subgroup frequency, the
Medium Enterprises total frequency

Tripura WEST 2915 2915 / 6651 0.43

TRIPURA

Tripura SOUTH 586 586 / 6651 0.08

TRIPURA

Tripura DHALAI 439 439 / 6651 0.006

Tripura NORTH 854 854 / 6651 0.12

TRIPURA

Tripura KHOWAI 514 514 / 6651 0.06

Tripura UNAKOTI 447 447 / 6651 0.06

Tripura SEPAHIJALA 383 383 /6651 0.05

Tripura GOMATI 513 513 / 6651 0.07

Sum   6651   1

 
By using excel

Relative frequency = F1/total frequency ex.

Relative frequency = F1/total frequency

= 2915/6651 = 0.438279958

Applying a frequency distribution analysis to the comparison of individual occurrences to the

whole sample may provide insight into the dependability of the programme. After watching only
one episode of the show, you will be able to determine whether or not it is real. There is a lot of
work to be done with percentages, fractions, and ratios since there are so many examples. From a
functional standpoint, it is essential that these calculations be performed.

The number of observations must first be counted in order to estimate a total using the frequency
distribution technique, and that number must then be divided by the probability that each
observation belongs to a certain category. With these numbers, it is possible to get a good idea of
the total sum. After doing that, you will have a much better sense of the project's overall cost. By
dividing the resulting number by 100 and multiplying the total number of observations by the
number of observations, you can summarise the data. You will get a single number reflecting all
of the observations as a result. It is impossible to predict with certainty whether or not this
method will work. Check out the recommendations, and be sure to do what is suggested in the
next sentence.

It is not necessary to choose between the ideas of absolute frequency and relative frequency
when developing empirical hypotheses. Not entirely out of the question is the idea that such a
thing may occur. This makes a lot of sense when you consider that counting occurrences is one
of the requirements for figuring out absolute frequency. If you have a solid understanding of
probability theory in addition to having access to crucial facts, you'll be able to make predictions
that are reliable and anchored in reality. Due of the topic's importance to probability theory, it
has been the focus of a significant amount of research. There are several unique factors that may
have an effect on a disease's incidence rates. This is due to the fact that the empirical probability
estimates that have been provided are surrounded by a high level of uncertainty. Despite the
existence of theoretical models, actual data continues to be the main source of information used
in scientific research. irrespective of any evidence presented to substantiate the claims.

According to the graph below, West Tripura has the greatest proportion of MSMEs.

Ans 3b.

1).

We may be able to calculate the frequency of this event if we combine the findings of this
simulation with those of many others and run them concurrently. The sequence of procedures
will be selected by the researchers in order to maximise the possible outcomes of the study. Their
investigation revealed that their estimations of relative frequencies were, at best, educated
approximations rather than accurate depictions of the reality. Here you may insert the citation.
West Tripura and North Tripura seem to have a higher frequency of disease than the rest of
Andhra Pradesh. The western district of Tripura is responsible for 0.37 percent of the state's land
area, while the northern region is responsible for 0.12 percent.
 Number of Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises
West Tripura 2915
North Tripura 854

Two districts of data

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
West Tripura North Tripura

2)

State Name District Name Number of Micro, Small and

Medium Enterprises
ANDHRA SRIKAKULAM 10895
PRADESH
ANDHRA VIZIANAGARAM 30186
PRADESH
ANDHRA VISAKHAPATNAM 29070
PRADESH
 ANDHRA EAST GODAVARI 26546
PRADESH
ANDHRA WEST GODAVARI 33541
PRADESH
ANDHRA KRISHNA 23231
PRADESH
ANDHRA GUNTUR 25479
PRADESH
ANDHRA PRAKASAM 45171
PRADESH
ANDHRA SPSR NELLORE 54059
PRADESH
ANDHRA Y.S.R 37500
PRADESH
ANDHRA KURNOOL 15362
PRADESH
ANDHRA ANANTHAPUR 21193
PRADESH
ANDHRA CHITOOR 27670
PRADESH

A massive amount of information is needed for statistical testing. Doing this will get you ready
for the quantitative analysis that follows. Given its importance, this must be finished as soon as
feasible in any statistical study. It's possible that you may learn a lot about the distribution's form
by looking at its tails. Both the mean and the median may be used to make this observation. In
many cases, one of the most reliable answers that can be found is to arrange the information from
most important to least important, or from best to worst. To the greatest extent possible, this
strategy facilitates the most efficient way of accomplishing one's objectives. If you need to sum
up a set of data points or an entire population in a single figure, chances are you'll go with the
median. Just take the mean of the two extreme numbers to find the median of the data set. Each
of these parts might go by a number of different labels. The words "data selection" and
"circulation functions" are often used to characterise this process. There are a few methods for
determining the midpoint, but they all require knowing the entire sample size (or middle value).
Further investigation of the dataset, however, may help shed light on the issue. In a lot of
situations, zeroing in on the number in the centre might provide useful insights. When something
lasts for a long time, you should only have to put in a little amount of effort to keep it running.
Determining the median, often known as the midpoint, is a crucial step in any statistical analysis.

With sufficient resources and time, the median may be determined. The method used to get the
median may be able to take into consideration outliers if they are of high enough quality and
significance. In other words, it may be said with complete confidence since all of the conditions
for its veracity have been met. You'll need to carefully inspect each data point to see whether the
total number of values is odd or even. At this point in the process, it's crucial to figure out if the
total number of data points can be divided by two or four. After this is complete, we will know if
the dataset is split into two equal halves. Up until that point, we have no idea, and no way to
predict, how many points we will have accumulated. As a whole, it is comprised of thirteen
individual parts.

Median= ( N 2+ 1 )
13+1 14
So median = = = 7th item
2 2

So, MEDIAN VALUE = 27670

The list of the district is CHITTOOR in Andhra Pradesh