CPH Micro Project
CPH Micro Project
CPH Micro Project
XXXXXXXXXXXXRepeater
– A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same
network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted to extend the length to which the
signal can be transmitted over the same network. An important point to be noted about
repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal. When the signal becomes weak, they copy it bit
by bit and regenerate it at its star topology connectors connecting if original strength. It is a 2-
port device.
2. Hub – A hub is a basically multi-port repeater. A hub connects multiple wires coming from
different branches, for example, the connector in star topology which connects different
stations. Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices. In other
words, the collision domain of all hosts connected through Hub remains one. Also, they do not
have the intelligence to find out the best path for data packets which leads to inefficiencies and
wastage
3. Bridge – A bridge operates at the data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on the
functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of the source and destination. It
is also used for interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It has a single input and
single output port, thus making it a 2 port device.
. Routers – A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP
addresses. The router is mainly a Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs
and WANs and have a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make
decisions on routing the data packets. The router divides the broadcast domains of hosts
connected through it.
6. Gateway – A gateway, as the name suggests, is a passage to connect two networks that
may work upon different networking models. They work as messenger agents that take
data from one system, interpret it, and transfer it to another system. Gateways are also
called protocol converters and can operate at any network layer. Gateways are generally
more complex than switches or routers. A gateway is also called a protocol converter.
7. Brouter – It is also known as the bridging router is a device that combines features of
both bridge and router. It can work either at the data link layer or a network layer.
Working as a router, it is capable of routing packets across networks and working as the
bridge, it is capable of filtering local area network traffic.
8. NIC – NIC or network interface card is a network adapter that is used to
connect the computer to the network. It is installed in the computer to establish a
LAN. It has a unique id that is written on the chip, and it has a connector to
connect the cable to it. The cable acts as an interface between the computer and
the router or modem. NIC card is a layer 2 device which means that it works on
both the physical and data link layers of the network model.