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Pearson Anna Osborn, Rebecca Adlard GSE

Global Scale oí English

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 Vocabulary 4 Complete the sentences with the missing words.
1 I was annoyed when the waiter got our Qiífer
Eating out wrong and brought me fish instead of steak.
2 If you like spicy food, try the new Indian p on
1 Match the words ¡n the box with definitions 1-8.
the high street.
allergic delicious packed service set menú 3 I don't suppose you f pizza tonight, do you?
spicy terrace vegetanan 4 I thought the restaurant was excellent. We had great
service and t quality food!
1 someone who never eats meat or fish vegetarían
5 The set menú was fifteen euros for three courses and
2 when someone brings your food or drinks in a café
the plates were huge. It was very good v .
orrestaurant
6 I reaIly appreciate it when restaurants offer p
3 when something makes you ¡II if you eat ¡t or touch it
of choice for vegetarians.

4 an area next to a building where people can sit outside

to eat
5 strongly flavoured with spices
6 food thattastesverynice
7 extremely crowded
8 a short list of meáis in a restaurant or café at a
fixed pnce

2 Choose the correct alternatives.

I went to the new Spanish place with my f riend last

night. It was so 1Docked/delicious that we had to share
a table with some other people. The2service/set menú
was good valué, but every main course included meat or Grammar
fish. I'm 3vegetorion/decent
4 so that was no good for me.
Instead, I chose baked cheese with honey, which was
Noun phrasesl
4delicious/quolity My friend had a meat dish, which had 5 Match the sentencehalves.
lots of spices in it. I thought it was too 5spicy/ollergic,
678 1 I'm going to get a coffee d
but he enjoyed it. After our meal, we had coffee on the 2 The pasta that my friend ordered
6service/terrece, which was very nice. The outdoor
3 The café across the road
7heoters/menu were on, so we were lovely and warm.
4 Can I book a table
The meal carne to just under 25 euros for each of us,
5 Thats the café
which we both thought was good Qorder/volue.
6 The Italian waiter

3 Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets so a was too spicy.
that they mean the same.
b bythewindow?
1 I can't eat cheese because it makes me ill.
c who served us spoke very good English.
I'm allergic to cheese (allergic)
d totakeaway.
2 My sister doesn't eat meat.
e sellsamazingcakes.
My sister (vegetarían)
f where I first met my boyfriend.
3 Shall I make a reservation for dinneron Saturday night?
Shall I ? (book in advance) 6 Complete the sentences with one word.
4 The waiter yesterday evening was fantastic. 1 This is the first dish my mother taught me
We (service) how to cook.
5 We were there for an hour before we got a table. 2 This is my Grandma, is allergic to spicy food.
We waited . (ages) 3 Let's try that new restaurant the oíd town.
6 Three courses with a drink costs £15. 4 I'm looking for a nice vegetarían restaurant
The . (set menú) take my sister to for dinner.
7 It cost a lot more than the previous time we were there. 5 Cheneys is the best place have breakfast.
They have definitely . (pnces) 6 Shall we meet at the café to the cathedral?
8 The menú is excellent. I think you could take 7 Thats the restaurant Jon used to work.
anyone there. 8 Espresso is the best kind of coffee have
I think the place . (suit) after lunch.

Q
Vocabulary Grammar
Where I live Modifying comparisons
1 Choose the correct option a, b or c. 3 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
Last month I moved1 of my parents' house in a quiet 1 a lot / than / my village / more exciting / This city / is
village and moved 2_ with one of my friends in the city. This..^........
I was sad to move 3 f rom the place where I grew up, but 2 slightly / This place / better / is / my last apartment / in /
I love living in the city. Our apartment is surrounded 4 condition / than
lively cafés and restaurants. It's in quite an oíd building and
the landlord was talking about knocking it5 last year.
Luckily, they decided not to do that in the end. The landlord
decorated the apartment and put6 central heating,
3 much / than / other neighbourhoods / Chelsea / is /
so now it's very comfortable. We could do 7 a bit more
livelier
space in the bedrooms, but the location is great and it feels
like home. I just hope that the landlord doesn't put8 .the
rent now because it already costs us a fortune.
4 to live / a bit / than / l'd like / here / cheaper / somewhere
1 a away b out c off 5 even / is / than / The bedroom / tinier / the living room
2 a in b on c into
3 a away b to c in 6 isn't / This apartment / nearly / my brother's /
expensive/as/as
4 a to b around c by
5 a up b in c down
6 a in b away c on
7 a on b up c with 4 Choose the correct alternatives.
8 a in b up c on 1 Marc is 160 cm tall and Tom is 162 cm tall. Tom is
much/slightly taller than Marc.
2 Lauren is 74 years oíd and Sarah is 18. Lauren is
a /of/b/tolderthan Sarah.
3 Kim's bedroom is huge and Sam's bedroom is tiny.
Kim's bedroom is much/slightly larger than Sam's.
4 Tina pays $100 rent a week and Zak pays $105 rent a
week. Tina's rent isn't quite/neorly as expensive as Zak's.
5 Hassan's room is very tidy and Valerie's is tidier than
Hassan's. Valerie's room is quite/even tidier than Hassan's.
6 My oíd neighbourhood was boring, but this area isn't
boring at all. This neighbourhood is nearly/for more
interesting than my oíd one.
2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
5 Find and correct five mistakes in sentences 1-8.
cost do freezing knock down landlord storage bigger
tidy tiny 1 My parents' house is much.bi§ than mine.

1 My landlord is really kind. He doesn't mind if we're 2 This area isn't nearly as expensive as some parts of the
late with our rent. capital.
2 The fíat is never messy because we always keep it deán
and . 3 My neighbourhood is bit quieter than some areas.
3 You could this wall and make the kitchen bigger.
4 There's isn't much in Paula's kitchen, so she's
4 This apartment isn't nearly larger enough for all of us.
going to get some new cupboards.
5 The village was a lot livelier than the town.
5 This bedroom is so that there's not even
enough room for a bed! 6 Kerry's apartment is much tidy than Martin's.
6 It's in here. Can I put the central heating on?
7 Let me pay for half the rent because it's only fair that we 7 The bedroom at the back of the house isn't quite as
share the . bigger as the bedroom at the front.
8 I could with a spare bed so that my friends
8 This neighbourhood is even rougher than where Jack
can stay.
used to live!

Q
Vocabulary Grammar
Going outz staying in Non-defining relative dauses
1 Choose the correct alternatives. 3 Choose the correct option a, b ore.
A: ShalI we stay 1¡n/on and watch TV or go Last night I went to a party,1 I met some really interesting people.
2ín/oi/tfor dinner tonight? There were a lot of students there,2 are here on exchange
B: It depends. I might not get home programmes from different countries. There was a girl called Mei from
3t////by after seven. I don't want to Beijing,3 is here for three months. She wants to work in China as an
stay Ain/up rea I ly late because l've English teacher, which is 4 she's come here to improve her English.
got a meeting first thing ¡n the morning. I also met a man called Richard,5 son is an actor. He's going to be in
A: Well, ¡f you get home early enough, we a play 6 starts next month, called The Endof Time. It sounds really
could go out for an early dinner. We can interesting. Richard is going to get me a ticket on Tuesday,7 they
go to a restaurant where we don't have go on sale. The play is at the National Theatre,8 we watched that
to queue to get 5on/in and we don't Shakespeare play last year.
have to go 6on/upto anywhere else
1 a who b where c which
afterwards. We can come straight
2 a when b most of whom c why
home and then you won't get 7up/to bed
3 a who b whose c which iswhy
too late.
4 a when b why c where
B: OK, sounds good. Oh no! I'm late for work.
Please could you tidy Qon/up these plates 5 a who b whose c most of whom
for me? 6 a which b when c where
A: Of course I can! See you later. 7 a which b where c when
8 a which is why b where c which
2 Complete the sentences with the words
in the box. 4 Combine the sentences with a relative pronoun.
1 Last night I went to watch a ballet. It was brilliant.
celébrate episode fortune home
missed play queue talking Last night I went to watch a ballet, which was brilliant.
throwing worth 2 I threw a party for Rachel. Her birthday is next week.

1 I got talking to my friend Peter and

forgot what time it was. 3 Samira went to the opera in París. She saw Tosco.
2 We didn't have to to get in
to the restaurant because they found 4 I queued behind a lot of people. Most of the people already had tickets.
us a table right away.
3 We're a surprise party next 5 I stayed up late last night. That's why I was tired this morning.
week for my parents' anniversary.
4 How are you going to your 6 John studied in Madrid. He met his girlfriend there.
birthday?
5 I want to stay in tonight and watch the 7 We're going to miss the last metro. This means we'll have to get a taxi.
next of my favourite series.
6 I'm so tired this morning, butit's
8 Dan and I went to a cafe before the show. The show didn't start until
it because I had a great time
three o'dock.
yesterday eveningl
7 We the last bus yesterday
evening, so we had to get a taxi home.
8 I hope Sue likes her present because it
cost me a .
9 What time do you thinkyou'll get
from the party?
10 Tomorrow I'm going to watch my f riend
who ¡s in a at our local
theatre.
Functional language Listening
Express preferences and give reasons 1 o í.oi Listen to the first partof a radio
programme. Where is Onni from?
1 Complete conversations 1-4 with sentences a-h,
a Norway b France c Finland
1 A: Lisa, have a look at these two hotels l've found
online.1 e , 2 Listen to the first part again and choose the
B: Both of them look nice. You can choose,2 . correct alternatives.

2 A: Hey, Marvin, where would you rather be - ¡n the city 1 The radio programme is called Nights on Eorth/
or ¡n the countryside? Doy ond Night.

B: 3 ...Citiesarestressfulandthere'snotmuchtodo 2 There are two/three different kinds of night where

in the countryside. Onni lives.

A: So where would you prefer to be? 3 The nights in winter are called the dork/polar nights.

B: 4___ . 3 O 1.02 Listen to the second part of the radio

3 A: Fran, we'd love you to come on holiday with us this programme. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
summer to Beoch Boy caravan park. 1 People don't sleep much in the winter.
B: Thanks, Mum, but to be honest, Beoch Boy looks very 2 Most people just sleep through the polar nights.
quiet.5 3 Nobody gets sad in the winter.
A: Really? I think you'd love it. It's right by the sea.6 4 Artificial lights can help to reduce the negative effects
4 A: Dan, if you don't want to go to a Greek island where of the lack of daylight.
do you want to go on holiday? 5 Onni recommends keeping busy in the winter.
B: 7___ . 6 Onni believes that visitors are less affected by polar
A: Why would you like to go to a city? nights than the people who live there.

B: s___ . 7 In the summer, the sun doesn't set for two months.
8 Nobody goes fishing in the middle of the night during
a Neither of them are my kind of place, to be honest. the white nights.
b I don't think it's my kind of place.
c We'd have lots to see and do, whereas on an island 4a Complete the summary with words f rom the radio
we'd be stuck in one place. programme.

d l'd rather be by the beach. In the winter, the sun doesn't1 for2

e Which one do you prefer?

months. It gets dark in 3 and doesn't get light
again until4 .
f I don't have any strong feelings either way.
In the5 , the opposite happens. The sun
g You could probably go diving there.
doesn't6 for7 months. So there is
h If it was just up to me, l'd go to London.
no 8 time.
2 Match the sentencehalves.
b Listen again and check.
1 You'd be able to b
2 It looks like the kind oftown
3 l'd prefer not
4 If it was just up to me,
5 Backpacking is my kind of
6 If you had to choose,
7 l'd rather
8 llike

a to go on holiday in August.
b practiseyourEnglish.
c the ¡dea of travelling by train rather than by plañe,
d holiday.
e which car would you buy?
f we'd be happy to live in.
g l'dstayinatentnotahotel.
h go toa place which has fewtourists.
 HOME -> UNUSUAL DREAM HOMES

Reading
1 Read the article and choose the
besttitle.
a Tipsformoving house
b Original homes from around the world
c A skateboarder's dream home

2 Read the article again. Match

comments 1-3 with houses in the
article, a-c.

1 The most important thing for me

islightand space. oving house can be very exciting, but it can also be difficult
------------------ 1
M if you can’t find the kind of home you are looking for. 8ome
people have clear ¡deas about their dream homes, so they hire
r “ architects to design and build unusual, ¡nteresting and original
2 I like finding houses in unusual houses, especially for them.
places in cities. A house doesn't
have to be big to be beautiful. Every keen skateboarder dreams about tuming his or her home
into a skatepark, surrounded by smooth areas which are perfect
for skateboarding. Pierre Andró Snizergues, a former world
f ’ skateboarding champion, made his dream come true by building
3 I love sport, so l'd like a house
The Skateboard House in California, USA. The design of the house
where I can always do something
means that you can skate everywhere, inside and outside. The
active, both inside and outside!
7/^——J house has got one floor with three sepárate areas - a living area, a
sleeping area and a skateboard practice area. In each part of the
house you can skate all the way up the walls to the ceiling. You can
a Keret House even skate over the fumiture. In addition, the house is eco-friendly,
b The Skateboard House with all energy coming from the sun and the wind.
c House NA Another unusual home is House NA in Tokyo, Japan. It’s different
from other houses because it has got huge Windows instead of walls.
3 Read the article again and complete
Because you can see through the house’s walls, it’s very bright,
thetext.
with plenty of natural light. The architects, Sou Fujimoto Architects,
The Skateboard House is in
got the ¡dea for their design from an ancient Japanese belief that
1_£&Iífi3OMaJZSA.. • It was the ¡dea of
trees are very important. The house has got three floors, with stairs
Pierre Andró Snizergues and it has got
and ladders connecting them. The floors are like the branches of a
2 different living areas.
tree, each at a different height, so you can be in one part of the
You can skate everywhere in the house -
house, but you can hear and see what’s going on in another part
over the 3 .
of the house.
House NA is in 4 .
It has got5 floors. These One challenge of modem city living is finding new spaces to live
are all at a different6 within crowded neighbourhoods. Architect and artist Jakub Szcz^sny
from each other, like the branches of a tree. designed Keret House in Warsaw, Poland. He chose to build the
This idea comes from the house in a tiny space between two buildings from different periods of
7 Japanese belief that history. It’s certainly cosy - the narrowest point of Keret House is 92
trees are very important. cm and the widest point is 152 cm, making it the thinnest house in
Keret House is in 8 . the world. The house has got two floors, with a ladder leading from
The designer wasjakub SzczQsny, an one to the other, and there’s a bedroom, a kitchen, a bathroom and a
architect and 9 . It is living area. Stylish glass walls also mean that there is plenty of light
10 wide at its narrowest in the house.
point and it has got11
These houses may be more ¡nteresting than traditional homes, but
floors.
would they be good places to live in?

Would you choose to live in any of these three houses? Why not
share your ideas in the comments box.

Q
 Fecausethey nave c/earídeas about theirdrearn houses, Josh has just read an article about
Who is Pierre André Snizergues? unusual .
a homes
Where can you skate ¡n the house he designed? b people
c holidays
How does Snizergues's house help to protect the environment? Josh would like to stay in
The Skateboard House
Why is House NA unusual? The NA House
The Keret House
Where did the architects oí House NA get the idea for their design?
He thinks that the House NA
a isacrazyidea
Why wasjakub Szcz^sn/s house a challenge to build?
b mustbefullof light

How did he make his house as bright as possible? c could be a wonderful place tolive

He thinks that Keret House .

a is designed in a clever way
Match the words in bold in the article with definitions 1-8.
b isa place he'd like to live
something that has existed for a long time without changing
c seems a great space
traditional
comfortable and warm Helives in .
good for the environment a an unusual house
full of light, not dark b an interesting house
attractive and fashionable c a normal house
something that isn't copied from something else When he goes on holiday, he likes to
very, very oíd stay in .
not rough hotels
normal houses
Read the comment box. Which of the three houses in the article
unusual houses
doesjosh like best?
When he stayed in a treehouse, he .
a enjoyed being cióse to nature
b fell out of the trae
WHAT DO YOU THINK?
c couldn'tsleepat night
1 comment Josh • December9 • 9.15am.

I really enjoyed reading about these unusual houses. House NA is an

interesting idea and the house must be lovely and bright. However, I don’t
really like the idea oí everyone being able to see what l’m doing. Keret
House is a clever design, but space is very important for me, so I don’t
think I could stay inside that house for very long. I like skateboarding, so
l’d like to stay in The Skateboard House. It sounds amazing!
My home isn’t very interesting. It’s just a normal house! But my girifriend
j
and I like to stay in unusual houses when we go on holiday.
Last summer, we stayed in a treehouse for three nights. The rooms were
built around the trunk of a tree! It was amazing to be part of the natural > 'i ir

worid, but you have to be careful you don’t fall out during the night!
Luckily that didn’t happen to us!
Josh, Toronto
Writing
1 Read the email types and write formal or informal.
An email to:
1 your aunt to ask her advice about birthday presents.

2 your boss to ask ¡f you can have next Tuesday off work.

3 a dient to ask them to send you some information.

4 a restaurant to ask for a reservation. _________

5 afriendtoinvitethemtoaparty._________
6 your brother to ask him to pick your father up tomorrow.

7 a language school to ask them to send you registration

details. _________
8 a hotel to ask if they have any rooms f ree next weekend.

2 Read the emails and answer the questions.

1 Email 1: is the email formal or informal? Why did Tina
write it?

2 Email 2: is the email formal or informal? Why did Tina

write it?

Dear Sir/Madam, Hi everyone,

Further to my conversation this morning with Mrs James, Hope you are all well.
I am writing to confirm my reservation for six double
Not long now till my mum and dad’s 25th anniversary
bedrooms for the 17th and 18th August.
weekend! Hope you're all looking forward to it! We’re so glad
I have a few additional requests. Firstly, I was wondering if that you can join us.
we could have rooms with a view of the garden.
Just a quick email to say l’ve booked the rooms in the hotel
Secondly, our group ineludes my grandmother, who is 88. for 17th and 18th August. The reservation is for six double
I would be most grateful if you could give us one room on bedrooms, so if any of you can no longer make it, then
the ground floor, so that my grandmother doesn’t have to please email me back asap. Also, if you think you might only
walk up any stairs. be able to stay one night, can you let me know so I can tell
the hotel?
Finally, as this is my parents’ anniversary party, we would
like to give them a special celebration cake with their ñames One more thing, l’m making a special álbum of photos from
(Mary and John) on it. Do you think you could possibly over the years. Does anyone have any photos we could use?
prepare this for us? If so, would you mind letting me know If you have, could you send them over to me this week so
how much this will cost? Would it be possible to let me I can get them printed in the álbum?
know about the cake by the end of the week?
Remember that it’s a surprise weekend for my parents, so
I look forward to hearing from you soon. don’t say anything to them about any of this! I'II email you
again nearer the time and let you know exactly what time
Best regards,
we’ll be arriving with Mum and Dad. Then you can all jump
Tina Manson out and surprise them when we get there! Can’t wait to see
their faces!
Cheers,
Tina
3 Read the emails again. Are the statements below 6 Complete the missing words to make requests.
true(T)orfalse(F)? 1 I would be most giateful ¡f you could send me the
1 Tina's parents are celebrating their 16th wedding vegetarían menú.
anniversary on 17th and 18th August. 2 Would it be p to have a table outside?
2 Tina ¡sorganising the weekend for her parents. 3 I was w if you have a vegan menú?
3 She reserved six bedrooms. 4 Would you m preparing a special dish
4 She asks the hotel to give them rooms with a view without nuts?
of the sea. 5 Do you t you could let us stay until midnight?
5 She asks the hotel to make special arrangements for 6 C you please make sure we have a table away
her grandfather. from thedoor?
6 Tina's parents are called Mary and John. 7 Could y. prepare a special set menú for us?
7 She asks the hotel restaurant to make a special 8 P. send me confirmation asap.
cake.
8 She asks friends to send her photographs for a 7 Answer the questions about the two emails.
special video thatshe'smaking. 1 Which greetingstarts the email?
For ma I Dear Sir/Madam
4 Match Tina's requests with Email 1 or 2. Informal
1 She wants to receive photos of Mary and John.
2 Which phrase explains why the person is writing?
Formal
2 She wants rooms that look over the garden.

3 She wants a cake with Mary and John's ñames

on it.
4 She wants guests to confirm that they are still coming. Informal

5 She wants to know if any guests can only stay one night. 3 Are contractions used (e.g. I'm, you're, etc.)? If so, give
examples.
6 She wants a ground floor room for her grandmother. Formal
I nforma I _______________________________________
5 Read the Focus box. Then underline phrases in the 4 Which phrase ends the email?
emails which are used to make formal and informal
requests. Formal
8 You’re organising a special holiday with a group of
Informal
friends. Plan two emails that make requests - one
Making requests in emails email to the hotel where you're staying, and the
Prepare
other email to invite your friends. Make notes that
When you ask for things - or ask people to do things for
you - in more formal emails, you tend to use longer answer these questions:
phrases. • What is the purpose of the holiday?
Would it be possible to stay an extra night? • Where are you going?
I would be (most) grateful if you could email me • What two requests would you like to make to the hotel?
the details.
• What two requests would you like to make to your
Do you think you could (possibly) send me written
friends?
confirmation ofmy booking?
I was wondering if we could have our own private room.
Would you mind moving us to a bigger table? Write
In more informal emails, you can just use could or can. 9 Write the two emails. Use your notes in Exercise 8 and
Could/Can you (please) let me know if you can make it? the Focus box to help you.
You can also use imperatives. Make imperatives sound
softer by adding please.
(Please) cali me as soon as you hear anything.
After requests, you often explain why you were asking.
Ifyou've got any special requests, could you send
them over to me this week so I can get a final list to
the restaurant ahead of time.
Vocabulary Grammar
Learning new skills Present simple and present continuous
1 Choose the correct alternatives. 4 Find and correct five mistakes in sentences 1-8.
I always enjoy trying 1on/outnew ¡nstruments because train
l'm reaIly keen zot/on music. I play the piano and the ilute, 1 I am.-training at the sports centre every Tuesday and
and at the moment l'm having a go 3out/ot learning the Thursday.
violín. It's a bit Aof/offa challenge and l'm useless 5on/otit,
but it doesn't matter! I go 6over/out what I learn during the 2 Some young people are starting to write letters instead
lessons and I practise every day. I think that l've got a long of sending emails.
way 7for/to go, but my teacher says l'm making a lot
Qof/on progress. 3 Ashanti downloads an app at the moment.

2 Match the sentence halves. 4 Are you understanding what I mean?

1 l'm downloading d
5 The word 'expert' is meaning someone who is good at
2 We're doing
something.
3 He's developing
4 The/re making 6 She's having a go at the guitar this term.
5 I have
6 She's trying 7 Yin and Michael are belonging to a golf club.
7 He's keen
8 Idon'tbelievethat'strue.
8 l'm useless

a histechniqueinfootball.
5 Complete the conversaron. Use the present simple or
present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
b a lot of progress ¡n learning to play the cello,
A: Hi Dan, what1 are you doing (do) in the
c outhercyding skills.
kitchen? You 2 (hate) cooking!
d an app, which will help me to learn Chínese,
B: 13 (have) a go at making an omelette!
e on learning French.
A: Really?
f a long way to go before I can ride a motorbike.
B: Yes, 14 (do) a cookery coursethis month and
g at learning new languages.
15 (go) over what we learnt in the last class.
h a language exchange with some Italian students.
A: Good for you! l've heard that lots of people
3 Complete the sentences with the words ¡n the box. 6 (do) cookery courses at the moment.
B: Yes, my course is very popular. Anyway, 17
challenge devolop expert improve interested (feel) that l'm useless at cooking, so it's a bit of a
keen skilled training challenge.
A: 18 (not think) you're useless. The food smells
1 I practise skateboarding every day so that I can
_jdevelopl. my technique.
really good! Fish 9 (not be) easy to cook.
B: OK, it's ready now.10 you (want)
2 l'm a lot because I want to run a
ten-kilometre race next month. tojoin me?
A: Yes, please!
3 John has been working hard to his
computer skills.
4 Nala is highly at painting. She had her own
art exhibition last month.
5 My mum has taught my sister to cook over the years
and now she's a bit of an .
6 Diving is something that has always me.
7 l'm making some progress with Mandarín, but it's a bit
of a .
8 Jane's on music, so I think she'll enjoy
learning to play the piano.
Vocabulary Grammar
Starting work Present habits
1 Complete the text with the words in the box. 3 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1 tend / the office / people / to / by 9 a.m. / get / to / Most
casual tire first flexible formal health
strict time Most people tend togetto the office by 9 a.m..............
2 first aid courses / We / staff / offer / regularly / to
I really I ike my boss. She's1 flexible. ...... about the hours we
work. We can change the 2 3 4 of our lunch break as 3 a habit / of / has / computer / This/ crashing
long as we talk to her first. We can also change our holiday
dates right up to the last minute. However, she does have a
4 unión meetings / time / have / We / time / to / from
3 policy about clothes. We have to wear
4 clothes at the office. We aren't allowed to
wear5. dress, such as jeans. My boss ¡s also 5 there's / on / As / a strict policy / recycling / a rule
careful about6 and safety rules. She makes sure
that we have regular7 drills and everyone has to 6 doesn't / Philippe / time off /January / tend / to take / in
do a 8 aid course.
7 casual / on / normally / clothes / Employees / Fridays /
wear

8 don't / 6 p.m. / We / to work / after / tend

4 Read the sentences and tick the correct meaning

aorb.
1 Lucy eats in the canteen from time to time.
a Lucy eats in the canteen once or twice a month. /
b Lucy eats in the canteen every day.

2 People are regularly changing shifts.

a People often change shifts.
b People don't often change shifts.

2 Choosethecorrectoptiona, borc. 3 As a rule, the manager holds a staff meeting every

Monday.
1 l'm not happy about the way my boss treats me. I'm going
a The manager sometimes holds a staff meeting
to contact my b representativo.
on Mondays.
a rules b unión c course
b The manager usually holds a staff meeting on
2 There isn't a real fire. It's just a fire .
Mondays.
a policy b course c drill
4 This printer has a habit of breaking down.
3 All the unión carne to the meeting about the strike.
a This printer often breaks down.
a people b members c drills
b This printer rarely breaks down.
4 The health and rules protect people when they are
5 Staff tend to take holidays in August.
at work.
a Staff usually take holidays in August.
a safe b safer c safety
b Staff never take holidays in August.
5 I work the night every Saturday.
a shift b time c drill 6 Aisha isconstantly late for work.
a Aisha is sometimes late for work.
6 Sarah did a course so that she knows what to do if
b Aisha is late for work every day.
someone is sick at the office.
a safety b policy c first aid 7 Employees don't tend to take a lunch break.

7 After you've met all the employees, l'll show you around
a Employees usually take a lunch break.
b Employees don't usually take a lunch break.
the .
a shift b site c rules 8 On the whole, employees eat in the staff canteen,
8 The company has quite working hours. We don't a Employees mostly eat in the staff canteen.
have to start work at 9 a.m. every day. b Employees occasionally eat in the staff canteen.
a flexible b smart c practice
Grammar Vocabulary
used to, would and past simple Parents and children
3 Complete in the sentences with the missing words.
1 We should Cjantcoí how much children use technology.
The/re too young to know when to switch it off.
2 My mum used to f me to eat everything on
my píate. Now l'm grown up, I eat anything!
3 Idorítthinkwe should w over children all the
time. They need to learn how to look after themselves.
4 Some parents make too many a for their
children. They don't have any free time.
5 I always I my children play outside because
we live in a very safe neighbourhood.
6 We must respect people in a because
otherwise there would be no law and order.
7 I teach my children the importance of good
m . They always say 'please' and 'thank you'.
1 Choosethecorrectoptiona, borc. 8 When he was a child, my brother always used to get into
When I was a young boy, lite1 less complicated than it is t , but now he's older, he behaves really welll
now. My brother and 12 with our toys outside in the
street and my parents 3_ worry about us. During the
4 Match the sentence halves.
summer holidays, my mother4. ... us a picnic and we 5 1 I always used to get _JtL_
our bikes into the forest for the whole day. Once, 16 off 2 Its important for children to learn good
my bike and my brother7 all the way home to tell my 3 Can you entertain
parents. Those experiences 8 us to become 4 We mustn't watch
independent. 5 We all experience

1 a is b has been c used to be 6 Life is more

2 a use to play b used to play c used play 7 She doesn't let

3 a don't b didn't use to c didn't used to 8 Children should feel

4 a make b would make c made a hersonrideamotorbike.

5 a have ridden b ride c would ride b over kids all the time or theyll never become independent.
6 a fell b used tofall c would fall c complicated now than it used to be for our grandparents.
7 a rodé b used to ride c would ride d free to say what they are thinking.
8 a taught b wasteaching c used to teach e difficuIty in life and we should try to learn from it.
f manners, for example always saying 'thank you'.
2 Find and correctfive mistakes ¡n sentences 1-8.
g yourselves for half an hour?
broke
h intotrouble when I was young.
1 I used.-to broak my arm when we were on holiday in
Greece in 2014.
5 Match words 1-8 with definitions a-h.
1 arrangement 2 authority 3 complicated
2 When I was young, I used to deliver newspapers in my
neighbourhood. 4 difficulty 5 entertain 6 forcé
7 independent 8 manners
3 I would live in Spain when I was a child.
a the way you behave 8_
4 Julia didn't never use to play the piano. b a plan to make something happen
c when you have control over others
5 My friends and I would play on the beach all day when d when you don't need help from other people
we were young. e to make someone do something they don't want
to do
6 One time, I would see a jellyfish in the sea!
f difficult tounderstand
7 Toby didn't use to play tennis when he was young. g a problem
h to do something funny or that interests people
8 Did you used to walk to school when you were a child?
Functional language Listening
End conversations politely 1 o 2.oi Listen to a meeting for new employees. Which things does
Camilla not mention?
1 Choosethecorrectalternatives.
a dothes b health and safety c illness d money
A: Hi Charis! Long time, no see. How are you?
e workinghours f the unión
B: l'm really well, thanks, and you?
A: Yeah, l'm fine. Busy, as usual! 2 Listen again and answer the questions.
B: Tell me about it!1 Listen/Listenina, 1 What sort of meeting is taking place?
l'm really sorry, but l've 2get/gotto go.
l'm 3octuol/octuolly in a rush. 2
Isthe meeting formal or informal?
A: Oh, OK. No worries.
B: My bus is about Ato leave/leaving. But it's 3
Who is Camilla?
5been/being great seeing you.
A: Yeah, good to see you, too. 4
Who is George?
B: Sorry to rush 6on/ofif like this. Itd be
great to catch 7up/on some time soon.
5
Which floor is Camilla's office on?
A: Sure. How about next week?
B: Yes, good ¡dea. I'll cali you tomorrow.
Sorry, l've got to Qrun/running. Bye! 3
A: See you! Listen again and complete George's notes.

2 Putthewordsin thecorrectorderto Health and 1... safeíy rules

makesentences. if there's a 2 , don't tese líft
A: In the evening, we went to that new use staírs and nteet in 3
Italian restaurant in town and we had
Eaoh 4 nteets in special place - loote on ntap to
the best pasta l've ever eaten.
fvnd otet where
B: interrupt, /to / need / going / Sorry /
get / but /1 courses
1 Sorry .......... Let cantina fenow if interested.
gelgoing_________________________
At least two people/departntent ntttst do tou-Y^e
A: Oh,OK.
6 c-ontact detalla on contpany website
B: a / at / l've / dass / 630 / got
7 policy on c-lothes - 8 clothes all
2
the tinte
A: It's fine! Contpany has flexible worfeing hou.rs, e.g. changing
B: train / leave / is / My / to / about 9 ov tateíng tinte off
3
10 tintes - speafe to ntanager abotet thent,
A: Don'tworry! probably flexible
B: great / was / catch up / to / It
4

A: Yes, it was great to see you, too.

B: rush / this / Sorry / off / to / like
5

A: It's fine, really.

B: rest / your / Enjoy / of / evening / the

A: You too.
B: soon/See/you
7

15
» Reading
1 Read the article and choose the best summary.
Does practice
really make perfect?
You should practise...
a a lottolearna new skill. ave you ever heard the oíd phrase, ‘Practice
b in exactly the same way every time to learn a new skill. makes perfect? Whether we’re learning how
c ¡na slightly different way each time to learn a new skill. to dance, play a new instrument or developing
our technique at a new sport, we usually just repeat the
2 Read again and match questions a-e with
same action again and again until we can do it
paragraphsl-5. My teachers always used to tell me that the more
a Why are the results of the experiment interesting? .. 3_ 1 practised, the more highly skilled I would become at
b What have scientists discovered and how did they show it any activity. In 2008, author Malcolm Gladwell wrote
was true? ___ about ‘the 10,000-hour rule’. This said that if you want
c Howdoweusually learn a new skill? ___ to become an expert at a skill, you must practise it for
d What mightthese results mean for the future? 10,000 hours. However, a recent report by scientists at
e How wecan usethisinourown learning? John Hopkins University has shown that the key to
learning a new skill isn’t how much time you spend
3 Read the email and choose the correct alternatives. practising, but the way in which you practise.
Q The scientists found that we learn more quickly if we
slightly change the way we practise an activity each
• •
time we do it. To prove this, they carried out an
experiment by teaching 86 people a new skill - how to
Hi Julia,
control a computer with a new type of mouse. The
l'm sending you a link to a really interesting researchers divided the people into three groups and
'article/letter about the best way to practise new each group had a session of 45 minutes to practise the
things. You know how you’re always telling me that new skill.
practice makes perfect. Well, it’s 2true/false, in a way! Six hours later, the first group repeated the same
A recent 37V programme/report has shown that
exercise again in exactly the same way, the second
you should practise slightly differently each time
group practised it in a slightly different way and the
because this helps you to learn more 4quickly/easily.
third group didn’t practise again. At the end, the
The 5difference must be big/mustn't be too big.
scientists tested everyone’s ability to do the skill. It was
I decided to try this out with my guitar practice last
week and it works! I learnt a piece of music more no surprise that the third group got the worst results in
6quickly/slowly than I normally do! the tests. What was surprising wras that the second
group did twice as well as the first group.
Speak soon!
Love, Q These results are useful because they help us to
Clara understand how our brains remember information and
learn newr things. By changing our practice slightly, our
brains have to work harder. Pablo A Celnik, the scientist
who led this research, said that the differences between
practices must be srnall, for example changing the size
or weight of a tennis ball or racket. If the differences
are too big, then there will be no improvement in
learning speed.
Q These results are not only important for those of us
w ho are learning new leisure skills, they might also
help people who have been in an accident. For
example, sometimes people have to learn to walk or
talk again, and this technique can help them to do
these things faster. Celnik says that more research
still needs to be done, but that this could help patients
recover more quickly.

Q So, the oíd phrase ‘Practice makes perfect’ isn’t exactly

wrong. You must practise to become perfect at a new
skill. But just remember that changing the way you
practise each time will give you better results!

16
4 Read the article again. Choose the correct option a, b or c. 5 Read the article again. Answer the
1 MalcoImGladwellsaysthat... questions.
a some people can never become an expert, no matter how much 1 What does the phrase 'practice makes
they practise. perfect' mean?
(b) you can become an expert in any ski11 if you practise ¡t for JLejje.^....... ..
10,000 hours. unti¡ you can do it. ......................
c the way you practise is more important than how long you practise. 2 What advice did the writer's teachers
give him?
2 Scientists have discovered that you learn more quickly ¡f you practise...
a in the same way each time.
bina slightly different way each time.
c in a completely different way each time.
3 In what year did Malcolm Gladwell write
3 They proved this by carrying out an experiment with a group of...
a book about practising a skill?
a 86 people, who they divided into three groups.
b 86 people, who they divided into two groups.
c 45 people, who they divided into six groups. 4 What did scientists ask 86 people to do
4 The group that did worst in the test... in the experiment?
a practised in the same way twice.
b practised slightly differently the second time,
c only practised once. 5 What was surprising about the results of
the second group?
5 The people who practised in the same way twice did... as well in the
test as those people who practised again in a slightly different way.
a half b just c twice
6 What do these results help us to
6 Pablo A Celnik explained that the difference between practise sessions... understand about the brain?
a mustonly besmall. b mustbelarge. c doesn't matter.
7 This discovery could mean that people who are learning to walk and
talk again... 7 Who is Pablo A Celnik?
a won't need theseskillsanymore.
b can learn faster.
c will end up being able to walk and talk better. 8 What sortof people could this
research help?
8 The writer now thinks that the phrase, 'Practice makes perfect'...
a isn't rightatall.
b is completely right.
c is partly right.
6 Findwordsin the article to match
definitionsl-8.
1 someonewhoishighlyskilledat
something (paragraph 1) expert
2 show that something is definitely true
(paragraph 2)
3 a periodof time for an activity
(paragraph 2)
4 the study and discovery of new
information about something
(paragraph 3)
5 when something gets better
(paragraph 3)
6 the time when you aren't working
(paragraph 4)
7 a particular way of doing an activity
(paragraph 4)
8 become well again afterillness
(paragraph 4)
Writing 2 Read the emails again. Are the statements below
true(T)orfalse (F)?
1 Read the emails and choose the correct alternatives.
Email 1
These are1formal/informal emails to a zfriend/stronger.
1 Marta and Layla have met up with each
They contain 3news/hotel reservotions.
other recently.
2 Layla is going on holiday to Croatia next week.
• ••
3 Layla likes reading.
H¡ Marta, 4 Jaber loves running, but he didn't run when he was
on holiday.
Long time, no see! Hope you’re well. How are things
with you? 5 Layla's children were really bored for the whole
holiday.
We’ve just come back from holiday. We spent two
weeks ¡n Croatia - it was so relaxing! We were staying
6 Layla and Marta might meet soon.
in a lovely hotel near Dubrovnik. The landscape was Email 2
stunning! We went for long walks and ate lots of 7 Valerie's company has recently won a business
delicious food. award.
It was a good holiday because there was something 8 Dominic isdoing well at work.
for everyone. I was happy because I managed to
9 Tom doesn't have a phone.
finish three whole books! Jaber was happy because
10 Valerie's company was taken over last month by
he got to go running every day. He woke up every
Kliemens and Sons.
morning at 6 a.m. so that he could go for a run along
the beach before breakfast! Can you believe that? 11 She thinks she might lose her job.
Also, the kids were happy because they enjoyed the 12 She thinks that Martins Harris might be increasing
water sports, though I think they got a bit bored by in size.
the end. Maybe we’ll go back there one day.
Who knows?
Have you been away yet this summer? Let’s get a
date in the diary for lunch or dinner soon.
Best wishes,
Layla

• •

Hi Marta,
It was lovely to get your email and hear all your news.
Congratulations on winning that business award -
you must be thrilled! I can’t believe your company
is only three years oíd and you’re already winning
awards! That’s so cool!
Everything’s OK at this end. Dominic is well and has
just had a promotion at work. The kids are fine, but
I can never get Tom off his phone! What’s the matter
with kids today?
Things are a bit difficult for me at work right now.
The company has been struggling for a while. We’re
about to be taken over by Kliemens and Sons, so I
think that some people will be made redundant. I’m
going to start looking for a new job, though I don’t
really want to leave. I might see if there are any jobs
at Martins Harris because I heard that they’re
expanding. Have you ever done any work for them?
Anyway, better get on. Speak soon.
3 Read the Focus box. Then answer the questions in 6 Match the sentence halves.
Exercise 4. 1 Work isreally busyat the moment
2 Sam has been promoted
3 We were on holiday last week
Linking words and questions in 4 I wasn't at work yesterday
informal emails 5 Mariehadanauditionforanewplay ___
Informal emails and letters are often more like a
6 My mother has moved house
conversation. You tend to use short sentences and
7 l've decided to take up a new hobby
simple linking words like and, so, but, though, because.
You might just use a dash to show a connection 8 Let's meet up soon
or to make clear that information is not central to
a but unfortunately she didn't get the part.
understanding the rest of the sentence. You also often
inelude questions as if you are talking to someone face b and she'sliving near usnow.
to face. Sometimes these questions will be rhetorical, c though I don't know what to try.
i.e. they don't require an answer. d and he's now Head of Interna! Affairs.
e because I haven't seen you for months!
4 In Emails 1 and 2, underline examples of: f and the weather in Spain was amazing!
1 expressions that we use in spoken English g because l've just started a big, new project.
2 short sentences h sol didn't pickupyour email.
3 linking words: and, so, but though and because
4 dashes 7 Read the questions. Are they real questions (R) or
rhetorical questions (Rh)?
5 real questions
1 What does it matter?
6 rhetorical questions
2 Have you seen that film yet?
5 Choosethecorrectoptiona, borc. 3 Who cares?
1 Today is my first day in my new job, c I feel a bit 4 What'sthe point?
nervous. 5 What's that man's ñame?
2 The business is struggling a bit, its going to be fine. 6 Whosecoat isthis?
3 Mei left her last job .... her boss was bullying her. 7 Why you need it?
4 l've had a promotion .. I've also had a pay rise. 8 Isitreally worthit?
5 He's looking for a new job, .... he hasn't been made
redundant yet. Prepare
6 I missed my train, I was late for work.
8 Chooseoneof these tasks.
7 He was made redundant his role wasn't needed
any more. a Write an email to a friend, telling them news about a

8 He was given an interview, he didn't get the job. holiday you've been on recently.
b Imagine you are Marta and reply to Layla's email.
1 a but b because c so
2 a so b but c because 9 Before you write, make notes about these points:

3 a but b because c though • the holiday you wantto write about

4 a and b though c but • questions you want to ask and answer in your email
5 a because b so c though • how you will start and end your email
6 a though b so c because
7 a because b but c though Write
8 a because b but c so 10 Write your email. Use your notes f rom Exercise 9 and
the Focus box to help you.
 Vocabulary Grammar
Tourist places Present perfect simple questions and answers
1 Match words 1-8 with definitions a-h. 3 Put the words in the correct order to make questions and answers.
1 cave 2 cliff 3 fert 1 A: been / you / Have / France / ever / to?
4 nature reserve 5 remains Have you ever been to France? ..............
6 temple 7 tour 8 view B: four / been / times. / Yes, / l've

a astong building that wasbuiltto 2 A: the / you / ancient temple / Have / been / to / ever?
protect people 3
b the parts of a place that are left after B: haven't, / l'd / No, / sometime / to / but /1 / love / go
most of ¡t has gone
c ahighareaof land cióse to the sea 3 A: you / hot springs / visited / Have / the?
d whatyoucanseefromacertain
place B: thinking / tomorrow / No, / l'm / of / but / going
e a building where people gotopray
f alargeholeinthesideofahillor 4 A: coal mine / looked around / you / Have / the?
mountain or under the ground
g a natural area where plants and animáis B: supposed / very interesting / No, / it's / but / be / to
are safe
h a trip around a place or area 5 A: that / yet / steep mountain /you / Have / dimbed?

2 Complete the sentences using the B: going / it / No, / l'm / do / to / tomorrow / but
words in the box.

cliff climb medieval nature reserve 4 Find and correct eight mistakes in the conversaron.
restored steep tetar view
Have you ever been

1 We're going on a tour of the A:, Did you ever go to Italy?

castle, so we'll see all the important
B: Yeah, I been three times.
parts.
2 Many tourists visit the remains of this
A: Oh, OK. Have you ever visit Rome?
fort, which wasbuilt in
1300 CE. B: Yeah, I spent three weeks there last August. l’ve done a tour around the
3 Thisrecently temple city while I was there. It's been amazing there.
looks just I ike it did when it was first built.
4 This mountain rises very quickly, so it's A: Did you go to Granada last summer?
very to climb.
5 l've heard that there's an amazing
B: No, but it's supposing to be wonderful. l'm love to go sometime.

f rom the 20th floor.

A: l'm thinking for going next year. l'm going to book it this weekend!
Shall we goupthere?
6 Shall we tothetopof
the hill or shall we drive?
7 We can do a tour of the
and see lots of interesting animáis.
8 Theystoodneartheedgeof the
and looked down at
the sea.

Q
Vocabulary Grammar
Science and research Present perfect simple and continuous
4 Choose the correct option, a orb.
1 Tom started studying two hours ago. He's still studying
and he's on chapter four of his textbook.
a Tom hos studied/hos been studying for two hours.
b Tom hos reod/hos been reoding three chapters of his
text book.
2 After finishing university, Rachel and Hassan started
doing research into the causes of global warming. They
are still doing their research.
1 Choosethecorrectalternatives. a Rachel and Hassan hove done/hove been doing
research together since they left university.
There has been lot of1 reseo
2 reh/riskto find out what
b Rachel and Hassan hove won/hove been winning
¿explores/couses cáncer and why some cáncer 3genes/cells
45
severaI prizes for their research.
grow more quickly than others. Governments have
4 predicted/invested b'\\\ions in trying to find a *cure/chonge 3 Lisa is a scientist who started researching earthquakes
for the disease. Scientists have also 6 explored/affected 18 years ago. She correctly predicted earthquakes which
ways to find out who is most at 7rote/riskof getting cáncer happened in 2004,2011 and 2017.
by identif ying specific Qgenes/cures. a Lisa hos predicted/has been predicting three
earthquakes.
2 Choose the correct option a, b or c. b Lisa hos reseorched/hos been researching
1 All of the world has been affected dimate change. earthquakesfor 18 years.
a on b to c by 4 Marta works for a company that invests in solar power.
2 We're worried that there's a real risk fire. She is travelling around the world at the moment. She
a to b on c of began her trip eight months ago.
3 Soon we will run out oilandgas. a Marta hos trovelled/hos been travelling for eight
a of b on c in months.
4 We need to invest more money research. b Marta hos visited/hos been visiting 12 solar power
a to b in c about stations so far.
5 We're exploring different sources . energy that we
can use. 5 Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect
a to b for c of simple or continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
6 We're developing a cure Alzheimer's. 1 I Ve read (read) that book you gave me. I finished it
a for b on c ¡n thismorning.
2 I (read) this book for four weeks
3 Complete the sentences with the words and phrases and l've still got another 100 pages to read!
in the box. 3 There (be) three earthquakes
on this island in the last year.
earthquake fallen steadily global birth rate
idcntifying genos increased dramatically predict 4 Scientists (look) for a cure for
solar power cáncer for many years.
5 Scientists (agree) that there's a
1 Scientists have done a lot of research into
link between some genes and cáncer.
identifyinggenes^ that cause cáncer.
6 We (know) for ages that
2 is good for the planet because it
pollution is linked to dimate change.
uses energy from the sun, which will never run out.
7 How long (he / play) that
3 The tells us how many babies are
video game?
born each year.
8 How many books (theauthor/
4 An happens when rock under the
write)?
Earth moves suddenly.
9 I (work) on my essay all day and
5 The pnce of oil has gone up very quickly. It has
l'm only halfway through it.
since January.
10 How much (scientists / discover)
6 There has been a regular decrease in the pnce of gas. It
about this gene.
has since January.
7 Scientists carít when we will be
affected by drought.

Q
 >
Grammar Vocabulary
Obligation and permission Rules and customs
1 Choosethecorrectoptiona, borc. 3 Match the sentence halves.
1 You c|..„ buy a ticket before you get on the train or you 1 You should let people
might get a fine. 2 There's no charge
a must b mustn't c don'thaveto 3 It's not polite to swear
2 You wait outside. You can come in. 4 Everyone can access
a must b mustn't c don'thaveto 5 Let'ssplit
3 You can wear your shoes in the house. You take 6 Please could you respect
them off. 7 ThanksH'llbuythenextdrinkin
a must b mustn't c needn't 8 If you drop rubbish, you'll have to pay
4 If you want access to healthcare, then you register
with a doctor. a health cara when they need it.
a haveto b needn't c can't b return.
5 You use your phone during a film at the cinema c in public.
because it disturbs other people. d my personal space?
a don'thaveto b shouldn't c needn't e afine.
6 We park here. That sign says that parking is for f for using this ferry.
employees only and we don't work here! g off the bus before you get on.
a can b can't c must h the bilí for the meal.

2 Read the rules, then complete the sentences below 4 Match words 1-8 with definitions a-h.
using the correct form of be and structures in the box. 1 access 2 bül 3 fine 4 personal space
5 privacy 6 respect 7 split 8 swear
allowed to not allowed to
not required to supposed to not supposed to a a document that shows how much you have to pay for
something
Student accommodation rules
b the right to live without other people knowing about
1 You must pay your rent in full every month. your life
You jiauícedíGL pay your rent in full c use bad language
every month. d to share something between two or more people

2 You can delay your payment by a few days if you need to. e money you have to pay when you do something thats
againstthelaw
You delay your payment by a few
days if you need to. f the area around someone's body
g the right to go somewhere or use something
3 You should let the office know if you're going to be away h show cara and politeness to someone or something
for more than three nights.
You let the office know if you're
going to be away for more than three nights. 5 Complete the sentences with the missing words.
1 You shouldn't s because bad language can
4 You don't have to tell them if you're away for less than
upset people.
three nights.
2 If you drive too fast, you might have to pay a f
You tell them if you're away for
3 It's important to show r to people who are
less than three nights.
olderthan us.
5 You shouldn't play your music too loud. 4 Some people have to travel a long way to a
You play your music too loud. health care.
5 The friends decided to split the b equally
6 You can't have more than eight people in your room at
between them.
any time.
6 Sara asked everyone to leave her alone and respect her
You have more than eight people
P •
in your room at any time.
7 If somebody buys you something, you should buy them
something in r .
8 There isn't usually a c for tap water in
restaurants.
 I

Functional language Lístenme

Ask for and give
explanations
1 Complete the conversaron with the
words in the box.

cali exactly for heard kind

mean stand what

1
A: Have you tried cooking with orzo?
B: Orzo? I don't think so, I don't know
1 vvhat__ that is.
A: It's a 2 of pasta. You should try
¡t, it'sdelicious.
2
A: l'd Iike to try to play... umm...l'm not sure
what you'd 3 it ¡n English. I ts a
bit like tennis, but you hit the ball against
a wall.
B: Oh, I know what you 4 . It's
called squash.
3
A: l'm thinking of donating to the RSPCA.
i o 3.01 Listen to the conversaron. What is it about?
B: I haven't5 of that before.
Whatdoes it6 for? a Two friends are talking about holidays.
A: The Royal Society for the Prevention of b Two people are visiting a travel agency to plan a holiday.
Cruelty to Animáis. c Two work colleagues are talking about business trips.
B: Ah, Isee.
2 Listen again. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
4
1 Zara has been to the north of Africa, but has never been to South
A: My friend asked me if I have a corkscrew. Africa. T
What is it 7 ?
2 Patrick worked in a gold mine in South Africa when he was
B: It's a thing 8 opening bottles a student.
of wine.
3 Zara visited a gold mine last summer.
2 Match the sentence halves. 4 The Castle of Good Hope is one of the oldest buildings in
1 I don't know _g..... South Africa.
2 What is 5 Patrick already knows where he wants to go on holiday this year.

3 l'm not sure what 6 Jess doesn't like spending all day at the beach.

4 l'm not sure how 7 Patrick has visited an ancient temple before.

5 It's a bit 8 Zara loves Indonesian food.

6 It stands 3 Listen again and choose the corred alternatives.

7 Do you know 1 Zara has been to Morocco four/fíve times.
8 Yeah, l've 2 Patrick lived in South Africa for two/three months when he was
a you'd cali it in English. younger.

b what I mean? 3 You have to drive for 15/40minutes to get to the Kromdraai Gold Mine
fromjohannesburg.
c likechicken.
4 The Castle of Good Hope was built in the 16th/17th century.
d for Common Era.
5 The flight between Johannesburg and Cape Town takes about
e toexplainit.
two/four hours.
f got it now.
6 Patrick is going to go on holiday for two/three weeks in August.
g what that is, l'm af raid,
7 Zara went to Indonesia three/fouryearsago.
h it exactly?
8 Some of the temples in Bali are hundreds/thousandsof years oíd.
A
Reading
1 Read the article. What isit about?

2 Read the article again. Are the

sentences true (T) or false (F).
1 Jack started his research ¡n the
basement of his house.
2 A cáncer expert called Aniran Maitra was
very interested in Jack's ¡deas.
3 Jack couldn't work on his research at
the weekends.
4 Jack failedto complete his
research.
5 Sara discovered a new type of
plant.
6 Sara Volz created a laboratory in
her kitchen.
7 Sara is at university now. || Over the years, some of the most important scientific
8 Sara'sexperimentsdon'talways discoveries have come from the minds of young people.
work. Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein both started their
research when they were teenagers. So what are young
3 Read the article again and answer the
scientists working on these days?
questions about each scientist.

Jack Andraka Q Jack Andraka was only 15 years oíd when he found a new test for
1 Whatdid hediscover? a particular type of cáncer cell. He started doing his research in a
______ school laboratory and later continued it from the basement of his
partícula_____ house. Cáncer expert, Aniran Maitra found out about Jack’s work
and was very impressed with his ¡deas. He invited Jack to work in
2 Howold was heatthetimeof the
discovery? the laboratory at a local university and helped him with his training.

U Jack worked on his research over seven months. He worked after

3 Why was the discovery important? school, at weekends and during the holidays. He even spent his
15th birthday in the laboratory! Finally, he developed a new test for
cáncer which is less expensive and more likely to find cáncer cells
than any other tests which have been used. Experts have said that
this is a very important development in cáncer research. Jack won
4 Where did he win a prize?
j a prize for his discovery at the Intel International Science and
Engineering Fair. Since then, he has spoken at several conferences
Sara Volz
and he has started his own company. He didn’t want to leave high
5 What did shediscover? i school, though, because he enjoyed it.

jj Jack Andraka is not the only young scientist who has been making
discoveries. Sara Volz was 17 years oíd when she decided to
6 Howold was sheat the time of the develop a fuel using plants that she grew in her bedroom. She
discovery? created her own laboratory and developed the new fuel under her
7 Why was the discovery important? bed. The plants needed light at certain times of day and Sara slept
in the same light cycle as her plants. Her discovery is important
because it shows how in the future plants could be used as fuel
instead of oil or gas. She won the Intel Science Talent Search prize
8 What prize did she win? for her discovery.

Q Since then, Sara has been studying at university and she works
in a laboratory, too. She thinks that it’s exciting to question the
world. She has been working with other scientists to identify genes
and to change them in a way that might cure some diseases. She
said that experiments aren’t always successful. She believes that
failure can be good because when an experiment fails, you learn
something new.
4 Which of the people do the statements Read and complete the text with sentences a-d.
refer to? Choose an option, Jack Q),
Sara (S)or both (B). Can plants reaIly replace oil and gas?
1 The person made an important The world is running out of oil and gas.1 . Perhaps fuels made from
discovery. B plants could be the answer.
2 The person started their research Fuels from plants, however, are renewable, which means they won't run
in one place, but then moved to out in the futura.2 .
another. However, fuels from plants ara not as efficient as oil and gas.
3 The person changed their lifestyle Also, making these plant fuels uses a lot of water and energy at the
while they weredoing research. moment.
4 The person's discovery may help to 4 . However, with the right research and development, they could
save money. become an important alternative in the futura.
5 The person's discovery may help the
environment. a This means we need more plants to produce the same amount
6 The person has spoken in front of of energy.
groups of people. b These fossil f uels are non-renewable, which means once they have
7 The person's research may help cure been used up, we can't create any more of them.
diseases. c Plants f uels might not be the answer to our energy problems just yet.
8 The person didn't want to give d They also help the environment because they don't produce as much
something up. pollution as oíI and gas when burnt.
9 The person recognises that you can
7 Which scientist's discovery from the first reading relates to this text?
learn a lot when things don't work,
as well as when they do. 8 Write two advantages and two disadvantages of f uels made
10 The person ignorad a special day from plants.
tofocuson their work. Advantages:

5 Match words 1-7 from the article with 1

definitionsa-g.
1 conference 2 cycle 3 discovery 2
4 experiment 5 failure
6 laboratory 7 particular Disadvantages:
a something that you find out
(paragraph 1)
b relating to one specific thing rather
thanother similar ones
(paragraph 2)
c the place where scientists carry out
experiments
(paragraph 2)
d a long meeting about a particular
topic
(paragraph 3)
e a set of events that happens again
andagain
(paragraph 4)
f something that is not a success
(paragraph 5)
g a scient ific test
(paragraph 5)

25
Writing
1 Read the two summaries.
Which of them:
a describes a benefit of being away from your own country?
b describes a new way that people are trying to make a difference?

Think global, go global! is a magazine article Young people using social media for change
by Martín Peterson. He argües that business is a newspaper article by Bella Hanbury.
is global, so studying and living abroad is She explains that young people are using
the only way to become a global leader. He social media to push for change and discusses
gives the example of an American company, how they use social platforms to get together
BCE Electronics, which failed to take over for a shared cause. She gives the example of
another business because the CEO didn't the #MeToo movement and lists protests and
understand the way South American people marches that have been organised via social
do business. Peterson discusses why some media. She goes on to talk about gender
students study in their home country and differences. She claims that young women are
claims that many American degrees don't twice as likely to use social media as a way of
offer an international part of their course. He campaigning on issues and talks about the
goes on to say that many people can't afford fact that young men are twice as likely to use
to study abroad and talks about scholarships. it to communicate with politicians. She ends
He lists the advantages studying abroad with the results of a report on the impact of
can bring: understanding different cultures, online social media and argües that social
learning how to listen to others and becoming platforms should recognise the power that
more confident. He ends with the words of an they have and make sure that their services
American student who studied in Brazil. The are accessible for all.
student explains how being a foreigner gives
you new ideas because you have to think
about things in different ways.

2 Read the texts again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
Summary 1 Summary 2
1 The writer thinks that you can become a global leader 4 The writer thinks that young people use social media to
without travelling abroad. make positive changes.
2 According to the writer, many American courses have 5 According to the writer, there is little difference in the way
an international element. young men and women use social media.
3 A lot of people don’t have enough money to study abroad. 6 The writer thinks that social media should be more accessible.
 who wrote the article / have increased.
what other articles it is similar to He goes on to soy thot/tolks oboutsolar power and
where the article is from other sources of energy.
the main point of the article She lists/argües the possible causes of global warming,
how the person writing the summary feels about He discusses/ends by soying thot the choices that
the article voters had on that day.
examples/extra details She cloims/liststhat the president already knew
how the article ends thetruth.
other artides it might be interesting to read He emphasises thefact that/ends with h is own opinión,
She goes on to say/lists that many people disagree
b Read Summary 2 again. Put the information f rom the with this.
summary ¡nthe correctorder. He gives the example of/argües thot there's no f uture
a the main point of the article forthecompany.
b another point that the article makes She emphasises thefact/talks oboutthat not
c the first or main example the author uses to explain everybody is choosing this way of paying for things.
the point She gives the example/lists the benefits of
d how the article ends travellingabroad.
e the title of the article, the ñame of the author, and
where it comes from 1

4 Read the Focus box and check your answers to

Exercise 3.

Writing a summary
When you write a short summary of an article, use this
structure:
1 Say who the article is by, what it's called and where
it's from.
2 Give the overall point/argument/theory the article
puts forward.
3 Give the first or main example the author uses to
explain the point.
4 Give one or two more details about the example or
introduce another point that the article makes.
5 Explain how the article ends.
A summary doesn't always follow the same pattem as
the original article, because an article often starts with
an example or background information, and the main
point the author is making may only become dear later
in the article.
As well as thinking about the structure, remember that:
• when you summarise, you need to paraphrase (i.e.
Prepare
explain ideas in your own words, rather than copy 7a You’re going to summarise an article. Choose whether
from the article).
you want to summarise:
• it's a good idea to take notes on the key ideas/
the article about young scientists on page 22
examples from each paragraph of the original article
while you're reading. This will help you structure another article from a newspaper or magazine
your summary.
b Make notes about the key ¡deas from each paragraph
• there are useful summarising verbs and phrases you
of the article you are going to summarise.
can use, e.g. claim, goes on to (discuss), etc.

5 Underline eight summarising verbs or phrases in

Write
the summaries. The first one is done for you as 8 Write your summary. Use your notes from Exercise 7
anexample. and the Focus box to help you.
Grammar 3 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs
in brackets.
Past simple and past continuous I had a really embarrassing experience yesterday.
I1 (be)intheshoppingcentreandl2
1 Choosethecorrectoptiona orb.
(hurry) up the escalator, when I passed a woman who
1 I was bending down to pick something up... 3 (look) in her bag for something. Somehow my
a when the woman knocked me over. jumper4 (get) caught on the zip on the woman's
b when the woman was knocking me over. bag. I nearly 5. (si i p) and 6 (fell) back
2 Wewere waitingfor the taxi... down the escalator. I couldn't f ree my jumper from the zip
a when the car accident happened. on her bag. The woman and her friend 7 (try) to
b when the car accident was happening. help me, but they couldn't. So we 8 (have to)
3 When itwas raining... travel up the escalator together!
a I accidentally dropped my bus ticket in a pool oí water,
b I was accidentally dropping my bus ticket ¡n a pool
of water.
4 Jai fell off the ladder...
a whilehe washed the Windows,
b whilehe was washing the Windows.
5 Ididn'trealise...
a that he listened to me on speaker phone.
b that he was Iistening to me on speaker phone.
6 Wewereattheairport...
a when Jack realised that he'd forgotten his passport.
b when Jack was realising that he'd forgotten his
passport.
7 How did Bea manage to hurt her toe...
Vocabulary
a whileshe washed her hair? Accidents and mistakes
b whileshe was washing her hair?
4 Complete the missing words in the sentences.
8 I hurt my leg...
1 The glass s out of Henri's hand and smashed
a when I fell over.
on the floor.
b when I was fallíng over.
2 Félix left the taps on and f. the bathroom.
2 Find and correctfive mistakes in sentencesl-8. 3 The waitress s the soup all over Izzy.
was looking 4 When the kitchen c ti re, I was worried that
1 Jane,looked in her bag when she walked into the the whole house was going to burn down.
streetlight. 5 Thomas accidentally k over his grandmother's
expensive vase.
2 Kim opened the door of the washing machine and
6 Fiona c her motorcyde into a trae.
flooded the kitchen.
7 Pamela m the window wrong so the curtains
didn't fit.
3 Ellie accidentally was picking up another woman's bag
because she thought it was her bag. 8 11 off the lights before I left, but forgot
aboutthecooker!
4 I was talking on the phone when I was smelling the pizza
burning in the oven.
5 Choose the correct option a, b or c.
1 The candle fell over and the carpet .
5 As I was lighting the barbecue, my hair was catching fire. a flooded b mixedup c caught fire
2 When the tree fell on the house, it .
6 It took several months to repair all the damage from a caused a lot of damage b slipped c checked
the flood.
3 I on the gas by mistake.

7 I tried an expensive perfume in a shop when my phone a left b slipped c fell down
rang and the bottle slipped out of my hand. 4 Ollie some chemicals on his hand by mistake.
a spilt b measured c slipped
8 My neighbour was fixing his roof when he slipped and 5 During the storm, the rain the school.
fell off his ladder. a turnedoff b flooded c pressed
6 Kate thecooker.
a didn't turn off b didn't flood c didn't charge
Vocabulary Grammar
Crime in the news Past perfect simple
1 Match words 1-8 with definitions a-h. 4 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 criminal 2 gang 3 jail 4 threat 1 He wos/'d been in prison for seven years when I
5 trial 6 theft 7 victim 8 witness met/'dmethim.
2 We reolised/d reolised that the thief got in/hod got in
a a person who sees a crime happen 8
through the back door.
b a person who suffers f rom a crime
3 Paúl remembered/hodrememberedthat he
c a person who has committed a crime olreody closed/hod olreody closed the window.
d a place where people who have committed crimes 4 We were/dbeen in the house for 20 minutes before we
are sent as a punishment reolised/d reolised the robber was still there!
e the crime of taking something that does not belong 5 I never heord/d never heord of the gang before
to you I reod/hod reodthe newspaper.
f a group of people who work together to commit 6 I wos/hod been on the plañe when I remembered
crimes I left/d leftthe key in the door.
g a statement that tells someone that you will do something
bad to them if they don't do what they want 5 Complete the sentences with the past perfect simple
h a formal meeting in a court of law where people form of the verb in brackets and one of the words or
decide if a person has committed a crime or no phrases in the box.

2 Complete the sentences using the pairs of words in after already because before by-the4ime
until (x2) when
the box.
1 The gang hadfá the pólice
arrested/get away attack/victim broke-iRte/gang
theft/claimed freed/trial witness/victim arrived. (disappear)
2 The woman got away in a blue car she
1 The gang broke into the store at night. the garage, (rob)
2 The pólice the crimináis while they were 3 Laura was terrified because she the
try i ng to . victim of a crime . (never be)
3 The saw the criminal attack the 4 Ava didn't realise someone her phone
4 Afterthe attheshop,theowner she got home. (steal)
£50,000 from her insurance. 5 She was on the train she remembered
5 The took place while the was that she the door. (not lock)
walking home. 6 The robber had to go to hospital she
6 There wasn't enough evidence for a , so they by the guard dog. (b i te)
the man. 7 Nobody noticed that Sam
the party the disco started. (leave)
3 Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
8 The detectives had to get things right this time. They
attack claimed freed jail reported trap too many mistakes. (make)
victim worth
6 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 The witness reported the crime to the pólice. By the time he arrived at college, Hugo
2 The criminal got out of after three years. 1 heord/ hod olreody heord the news,
3 My neighbour's camera was stolen and he but when he saw the damage, it
£300 from his insurance company. 2 wos/hod been still a shock. A gang
4 The pólice set a to catch thieves. of thieves 3broke/hod broken into the
5 After 15 years, they gang leader from prison. building the night before. They *stole/
hod stolen lots of computers and other
6 Robbers have stolen a horse over half a
equipment, and then they 5lit/hod lita
million pounds.
fire. Worst still, they *ottocked/
7 There has been a serious cyber on the
hod ottocked the night guard, who was
computers of a major bank.
now in hospital, badly hurt. The pólice
8 The of the crime is recovering in hospital as 7were/hod been at the college asking everyone if they
she was quite badly hurt in the attack. Qsow/hod seen anyone they hadn't recognised near the
building the day before. An officer *osked/had oskedHugo
if he whod/hod hodany useful information.
Vocabulary Grammar
Complaints Reportedspeech
1 Complete the sentences with the missing words. 4 Choose the correct option, a or b.
1 The bank has given Justin a I to help him buy 1 'The screen is cracked.'
his new car. a He said that the screen was cracked.
2 I can't sit on that chair because its leg is c . b He said that the screen had cracked.
3 The woman ¡n the shop couldn't s 2 Tve fixed the fault.'
o the problem with my new computen a She said that she fixed the fault.
4 We had to pay the company an extra £40 to have our b She said that she'd fixed the fault.
new bed d . 3 'You might need to take it back.'
5 I can't use my phone properly because the s a He told me that I might have needed to take it back.
has cracked. b He told me that I might need to take it back.
6 I think I was o for my new trainers because I 4 Til pay off the loan before September.'
found the same ones much cheaper online. a I told him that I would pay off the loan before
7 Has the hotel we're going to got f ree w so September.
b I told him that I paid off the loan before September.
that I can go online?
5 'I can give you a good deai.'
8 When I bought my new laptop, I paid extra for a
three year g .
a He said that he could give me a good deai.
b He said that he can give me a good deai.
2 Choose the correct alternatives. 6 'l'm sorting your bike out.'
A: Good morning, how can I help you? a The bike expert told me that he had sorted my bike out.
B: l'd like a 1refund/fault for my new bike, please. b The bike expert told me that he was sorting my bike out.
A: May I ask what the problem is with it? 7 Tm not going to buy another pa i r of sunglasses from
B: First, there was a ¿fault/deal with the seat. Now the SeeSowl’
brakes have 3turned/gone, and it's real ly hard to change a I told the woman that I wasn't going to buy another
4gears/pedáis when l'm cycling up a hill. pair of sunglasses from SeeSow.
b I told the woman that I didn't buy another pair of
A: l'm sure we can 5so/T/deo/out those problems for you.
sunglasses from SeeSow.
The bike has got a 6loan/guorontee of a year, so we can
make the repairs. 8 'Do you have free wifi?'
a Caroline asked if they have free wifi.
B: But l'd like my money back.
b Caroline asked if they had free wifi.
A: l'm sorry, but we can't give you your money back.
However, we can offer you an 7overchorge/exchonge. 5 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech using the
verb in brackets.
3 Complete the sentences with the words ¡n the box.
1 Greg said, 'I got a great deal on my phone.' (say)
back for off out up with
2 'Has the engine gone?' I asked. (ask)
1 The delivery guys turned up over an hour late!
2 My laptop's broken and l'm still paying the
loan for it.
3 Gina said, 'You should take your tablet back and get a
ref und.' (tell)
3 These trainers are real ly uncomfortable. I think l'll take
them .
4 'Can I have a discount?' she asked (ask)
4 I need someone to sort my computer for me.
It's so slow!
5 The sales assistant said, 'Your guarantee has ended.'
5 I decided to return my new watch because there was a
(explain)
fault it.
6 The courier broke the printer, and the sales assistant
6 'We'll be getting a delivery of new parts soon,' Bob said.
tried to charge me the repair!
(say)

7 'It's not your fault it broke,' said the man in the shop.
(say)

8 I said, 'It's making a funny noise!' (explain)

4
>
Functional language Listening
Respond to news
1 Put the words ¡n the correct order to complete the
conversation.
1 A: Mysisterhasjusthadababy.
B: news/That's/ wonderful

2 A: l'm so annoyed with myself. I don't think I did very well

in my interview.
B: you/When/hear/will?
Oh no!
3 A: The doctor called today, I have to go back to the
hospital for more tests.
B: I / it / OK / goes / hope / all

4 A: Luke and I are buying a house.

B: you're /1 / reaIly / bet / excited

5 A: l've had enough oí my boss. l'm going to leave my

job tomorrow.
B: you've / you / mind / sound / like / made up / your
Well Listen to the conversation.
How many of the people have been the victim of a crime?
6 A: I can't believe it!Jack says he can't go on holiday with a one b both c neither
me now and we're meant to be going next week.
2 Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
B: you're / angry /1 / really / bet
1 Kim was walking down the high street with her friend
7 A: The sale of the house isn't going to happen. when the crime happened. .....T...
B: did / When / hear / it / about / you? 2 The thieves were on bicycles.
l'm sorry. 3 Her friend was upset because important documents
8 A: l've got to go now. l've got my job interview this f rom work were in the bag.
afternoon. 4 Kim's friend didn't get her stolen ítems back.
B: hope / job / you /1 / get / the 5 Jude believes that the crime was partly his fault.
6 Jude was in France.
7 The crime didn't ruin Jude's holiday.
2 Match statements 1-8 with responses a-h. 8 Jude's passport was stolen.
1 Our son passed hisdriving test today. e
3 Answer the questions. Then listen and check.
2 l've decided to leave college and get a job.
1 What did the thieves steal f rom Kim's friend?
3 My grandad's just been taken to hospital.
4 I can't come out tonight because l've got to revise.
2 How did Kim's friend feel?
5 My boyfriend hasjustleft me.
6 We're getting married.
3 What did Kim and her friend have to do after the crime?
7 l've just been offered a fantastic job.
8 I feel so ¡II.
4 How did Jude feel about being a victim of crime?
a Oh no! l'm sorry to hear that. I hope he's OK.
b That's annoying! Have you got much to do? 5 Where was Jude's backpack?
c That's amazing! Which company is it with?
d l'm sorry to hear that. Did you have an argument? 6 How did the girl distract Jude?
e That's great news! You must be really proud of him.
7 What was inside Jude's backpack?
f You poor thing. Have you seen a doctor?
g You sound like you've made your mind up. Good luck with
8 Why didn't Jude report the robbery to the pólice?
the job hunt!
h Congratulations! I hope you'll be very happy together!
 Laiia
My mistake cost me a lot
of time and money. It was
really inconvenient and
I was very annoyed with
Reading myself. I was on a business
trip in San Francisco. I had a bit
1 Read the four texts. What are they about? of a coid and I wasn't feeling great.
a difficult decisions people wi11 have to make I had a morning flight back home the next day,
b funny things that have happened to people so I checked the flight time on my ticket, set the
c mistakes people have made alarm on my phone and went to sleep. As soon as
the alarm went off, I got up and hurried to the
2 Read the texts again and answerthe questions. airport. Imagine how surprised I was to find that I'd
1 Whose mistake ¡nvolves an animal? missed my flight by five hours! I'd misread the time
2 Whose mistake ¡nvolves transport? on the ticket. I'd thought it said 8.00 a.m. but in fact,
3 Whose mistake ¡nvolves education? when I put my glasses on, I could see it said
4 Whose mistake ¡nvolves technology? 3.00 a.m. I had to wait another eight hours in the
airport for the next flight and I had to pay for a
5 Which two people are still trying to find solutions
new ticket.
for their mistakes? _________
6 Which person thinks their mistake happened
because they weren't feeling well? _________
7 Whose mistake affected the company he/she was
g DEPARTURES
working for? T I M E

Johnny
I think I've made a huge
mistake. 1 started
university in September
c V n M E V
and I have a horrible
feeling that I've chosen the
J 1 M IN L 1 ■ Bí
wrong course. I really hate it.
M E \A/ V n D i/
I don't understand any of it. IN L VV 1 V n
I think maybe university was the wrong choice for
me. I did quite well in my exams at school, and I
thought going to university and living in a fíat would
be fun. I didn't want to get a job because I think that
you get a better job if you've got a degree. Now I feel t n i/ v n
lonely and stressed and I've lost all my confidence. i v í\ i v
I'm jealous of my friends who are working instead
of being at university. I can't tell my parents
because they are so proud that I'm studying.
There's nothing I can do though, so I suppose I'll
just have to continué. love animáis. We always
had lotsofpets whenl
Cosmo was growing up, and 1 miss
having animáis in my life,
My mistake was really TwoweeksagoJwas
serious. It cost the walking home when it started
company 1 worked for a lot to rain heavily and I didn't have
of money, and 1 lost my job. uipbrella with me, I ran into the nearest shop
When it happened, 1 had , which happened to be a iarge pet shop. I staTted
been working for my dad's stop and'W3SWa¡tingfortherain
best friend's company for stop, and saw the prettiest little white rabbit
Ahnut a vear l was clearing some oíd files from h^T '""i7 Cheap and the sh°P assistant told me
£ compute! system when suddenly absolutely hat could easily keep a rabbit in my fíat' So I bought
everything disappeared. I'd selected all and"hen love i? bm iSTt 3nd br°Ught home-1
nressed delete. Because 1 hadn't realised wha
?d done.I pressed empty trash too! It was awf ul,

My boss was so upset.

I
Read the texts again. Are the sentences true (T) or 6 Read the comment below. Which person in Exercise 2
false (F)? isMolly replying to?
1 Laila's company bought another ticket for her.
2 Laila's flightwasin the morning.
3 Johnny is feeling stressed because of the choice he Hi,
made. Your post really made me laugh! What a
4 johnny has told his parentsabout hismistake. nightmare. What were you thinking? w
5 Greta thinksbuying her rabbitwasagood ¡dea. In the past, l’ve bought clothes and shoes
without thinking, but l’ve never bought one of
6 Greta has a plan to fix her mistake.
those! Well, they say that you learn from your
7 Cosmo was working in his dad's company. mistakes. I’m sure next time you are about to
8 Cosmo was unable to fix his mistake. buy something, you’ll stop yourself and think it
through more carefully.
Choose the correct alternatives.
Don’t worry though - this isn’t the biggest
1 Laila was feeling ill/ongry when her mistake happened. mistake in the world. I think you should take it
2 Laila had problems reoding/finding her ticket. back to the shop and exchange it for a fish.
3 Johnny finds his course boring/confusing. Maybe you should also choose a new carpet -
4 Johnn/s parents are angry with/pleased with him. or buy a rug to cover the holes! w And while
5 Greta went into the pet shop because you’re at the shops, don’t forget to buy yourself
the weother was bad/herfamily asked her to. an umbrella, so that you don’t have to shelter in
6 The rabbit has domoged things/injuredpeople in a shop next time it rains!
the fíat. Good luck!
7 Cosmo removed/stole information from his computen Molly
8 His boss was! wosn't upset about the mistake.

Find words in the texts to match the definitions.

1 causing problems for someone, of ten in a way that is 7 Read the email again and answer the questions.
annoying (text 1) 1 How does Molly describe the person's situation?

2 read something incorrectly (text 1) 2 What has Molly bought without thinking in the past?

3 Which animal does Molly suggest the person

3 when you feel upset and worried because of things that
exchanges it for?
are happening in your life (text 2)

4 Which other Ítems does Molly think the person

4 when you feel upset because you want something that
should buy?
someone else has got or is doing (text 2)

5 when you feel pleased about what you or someone

cióse to you has done (text 2)
5 Why should the person buy these ítems?

6 documents or information on a computer (text 3)

7 remove text on a computer (text 3)

8 causing damage (text 4)

Writing 3 Choose the correct option a, b ore.
1 The burglar ran away he heard the owners return.
1 Complete the story with the words in the box. a despite b assoonas c however

as assoonas but by the time despite 2 We turned the córner, we heard a terrible noise.
however then when a however b despite c then
3 It was daytime ¡t was still very dark.
I was nearly back at the boat1 when I saw it. A large,
a but b then c by the time
grey shape gliding softly towards me, cutting through the
4 The girl was soaking wet she reached the house.
water I ike a sharp knife through butter. A strange feeling
ran over my body. Panic made me want to swim, but my a despite b but c by the time
head told me not to move. I wondered if I could make it back 5 He didn't hear us our shouts and screams.
to the boat,2 the shape was getting doser and a however b despite c but
doser, larger and larger. I would never make it. I reached 6 The sun was going down the boat sailed away.
for the knife in my belt.3 , my fingers were a as b however c despite
shaking and the knife fell into the water below.4 7 I was about to turn back I saw something on the
I watched the shape get doser, I realised it was bigger than ground.
l'd first imagined. It was enormous! Inside my head I began
a despite b when c assoonas
to say goodbye to the people I loved most.5
8 Emma was angry with the boy. , she still felt sorry
suddenly the animal swam into view and I could see that it
forhim.
wasn't a shark but a beautiful whale.6
a As b Then c However
I realised that this friendly animal would not hurt me,
I began laughing and crying at the same time.7 4 Read the Focus box. Then answer Exercise 5 below.
it was near me, I had managed to find my underwater
camera.8 the fact that my hands that were still
shaking, I took the most amazing photo of it. Creating interest in stories
You can make a short story more interesting by:
starting or ending with something surprising.
quickly introducing the location and/or the main
characters.
adding descriptive adjectives and adverbs.
using similes (phrases that describe something by
comparing it to something else).
describing how people in the story feel.

5 Read the story again. Write words or phrases that show:

1 the location
in the sea
2 the characters

3 six descriptive adjectives

2 Read the story again and choose the correct

4 a descriptive adverb
alternatives.
5 asimile
1 The story happened to the writer/wrlteds bestfriend.
2 Lots of people experience/Only one person experiences
6 two sentences describing how the writer is feeling
the event in the story.
3 At first, the writer couldn't/could see what kind of
animal it was.
4 The writer thought that the animal was a dolphin/shork.
5 The writer dropped/couldn'tfindhis knife.
6 The writer ottacked/didn't attackthe animal with
his knife.
7 The animal ottocked/didn'tottock the writer.
8 The writer took/didn't toke a photo of the animal.
 Match the sentence halves. Prepare
The clouds looked like _q__
8a You are going to write a short story. Choose one of the
The happy bride was like
topicsfrom the box.
The lake was so still. It was like
We were so ti red that we slept like the accident the mistake the complaint the crime
The lonely man was like
Herdear blueeyes were like b Plan your story. Think about the following:
The snow fell heavily and covered the village like • thecharacters
The smell in the basement was like - How many people are in your story?
- Who is / are the main character(s)?
pools of water,
- How are they connected to each other?
babies for 12 hours. - Describe his/her/their personality.
balls of ¡ce cream ¡n the sky. - Describe his/her/their appearance.
ahuge white blanket. - Think of some descriptive adjectives or símiles you
achild ata party. could use.
vegetables and oíd shoes. • the location
a lost dog trying to get home. - Where does the story happen?
a mirror. - Describe the place. Think of some descriptive
adjectives or símiles you could use.
Make the story more interesting by adding adjectives - What time does it happen in? The past, present or
or adverbs. future?
• the main action
- What is the main action?
- Does it happen at the beginning, middle or end of
your story?
the surprise
- How can you make your surprise exciting but
believable?

c Think of a suitable first line for your story or choose

one of the first lines below.
I woke up suddenly to the sound of breaking glass.
'What have you done?' asked Hannah with a trembling
voice.
Sadly, Tom turned and walked away.
Autumn has always been my favourite season.
With his heart pounding, Rahul
continued to run as fast as he could.
it was raíkúuvg pproached the 2
house. The door was KiA.lock.ed so i pucshed ít3 Write
it was qixlet íwsíde. i called out4 .
9 Write your short story. Use your notes f rom Exercise 8
and the ¡deas in the Focus box to help you.
The last tíwte i had beew there, it had beew full of
uvoíse. Thís tíkwe, howex/er,
5_____ líght auvd 6_______ r--------
r-ix. 77
there wasju.st darkkA¿ss a^vd síleyvce. ■i felt

, ~ staírs ai/vd headed to the

i walteed Kp the B.._
bedrookvt where i had stayed ouv kwy last
9
vísít. it wasjust as i had left ít. The roon-t was
10
. i sat okv the bed a^vd líste^ved to the raí^v.
11

5
Suddeuvly, i heard footsteps outtsíde. The door of the
bedrookvc ope^ved 12_________ a^vd i c-ou.ldi/v't belíeve who

i saw...
Vocabulary Grammar
Running a company Future forms
1 Choosethecorrectoptiona, borc. 3 Read the sentences and tick (/) the best future form.
1 We haven't made or lost money this year. We've . 1 I predict a profit for the company this year.
a brokeneven b brokendown c brokenup a The company will make a profit this year. /
2 We're looking to into new markets in Asia and Africa, b The company is making a profit this year.
a field b expand c market 2 We're going to take over this company.
3 My ..are put into my bank account at the end of a l'm sure we'll take over this company.
every month.
b We probably won't take over this company.

a losses b wages c competitors 3 We're meeting at 9 a.m. tomorrow.

a I predict that we'll meet tomorrow at 9 a.m.
4 We're three new producís this month.
b We've arranged to meet tomorrow at 9 a.m.
a fielding b settingup c launching
4 It's possible that we'll launch a new service next week.
5 The business has been in the family for years. It was
a We're launching a new service next week.
by my grandfather.
b We might launch a new service next week.
a brokeneven b setup c exported
5 He's sure that there'll be job losses.
6 We might have to cióse our business. We've made a a There are going to be job losses.
for three years in a row. b There might be job losses.
a profit b breakeven c loss 6 We're going to export products to China next year.
7 Last month, we expanded into new in México a They may export products to China next year.
and Chile. b They'll export products to China next year.
a markets b wages c profits 7 There's a possibility that we'll make a loss this year.
8 Last year we made a loss, but this year we've made a a We may make a loss this year.
of €500,000. b We're making a loss this year.
a market b profit c product 8 We plan to increase wages in September.
a We'll be increasing wages in September.
b We won't be increasing wages in September.

4 Choose the option (a, b or c) that can't be used to

complete the sentences.
1 Ithinkit today.
a will rain b rains c is going to rain
2 We the train at 9 a.m. tomorrow morning.
a caught b arecatching c are going tocatch
3 He to university in París next September.
a is going b going togo c is going togo
4 It's possible that Harris will win the race. He first.
a coming b may come c might come
2 Complete the text with the correct form of the words
5 This time next week, we on the beach.
in the box.
a will be sitting b will be c aresitting
competitor expand export field launch profit 6 Sara has just announced that she married!
takoovor wages a isgetting b is going toget c gets
This has been a great year for us at Parkers International. 7 Don't cali me at 4 p.m. because I home from work.
Since we 1t.Q.Qk.QV.e.L Harris and Co last September, the a drive b will bedriving c maybedriving
company has been doing very well. We've made a healthy 8 Frank out with us tonight because he's not very well.
2 of $3 million. We've done much better than a isn't going to come b doesn'tcome
Mark and Sons, which ¡s our main 3 . We've also c isn't coming
performed better than most other companies in our 9 In five years'time, I 30 years oíd.
4 . I'd like to thank all our employees. You will be a 'libe b 'II be being c 'm going tobe
receiving a little extra ¡n yours this month, as a
way to say 'thank you'. Next year, we will continué to
6 by growing our business. We're going to
7 three new products and we hope to
8 them to several countries in Europe.
Grammar Vocabulary
Adverbs used with the New projects
present perfect 3 Complete the text with the verbs in the box.
1 Putthe wordsin thecorrect orderto
change my mind got rid of graduating offered quit sorted out
makesentences.
stmggURg went ahead
1 research /1 / finished / yet / haven't / my
A few years ago, I was really x.símgglingL_ with the pressure at work.
2 job/She's/started/new/a/just So I decided to 2 my job. My boss tried to
3 about leaving and he even 4 mea
pay rise. But 15 with my plan anyway. I decorated my
3 different / sister / so far / My / had / jobs /
fíat and 6 a lot of possessions. Then I rented my fíat to
has/five
some friends and decided to go travelling. I sat down with my laptop and
17 an amazing trip of a lifetime! I visited 14 countries in
three months! When I carne back, I went back to college to study Design
Technology. Next week, l'm 8 from university and start
4 thrownaway/even/Sue/TV/has/her my new career!
5 visited / different / already / We've /
capital cities/three

6 been / countries / Europe / We've / only /

to / ¡n / two

7 where / next year / We / haven't / still /

decided/togo

8 already/students/theparty/The/
have / left 4 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 Where did you go on your date/ ceremony last night? Areyou going to
seehimagain?
2 We were late for the wedding and missed the whole ceremony/date.
2 Choose the correct option a, b or c. 3 Have you got permission/destination from the council to do the
1 My boss called me ten minutes ago. I've building works?
been offered a job in Lisbon! 4 We've sorted out a date for our holiday, but haven't decided on a
a just b even c already permission/destination yet. We can't make up our minds where to go!
2 They only arrived in Morocco this morning, 5 My holiday request has been ogreed/ollowed by my boss, so now we
but they've bought lots of souvenirs. can book our trip.
a so far b already c even 6 I did some work experience at the company but it carne to something/
3 I've been working at Parsons for six years nothing because I didn't get a job.
and I haven't been promoted .
5 Match the words in the box with definitions 1-8.
a even b yet c already
4 He hasn't heard of any football teams. He ceremony date destination gradúate possession sort out
hasn't heard of Manchester United! struggle
a even b yet c so far
1 organise
5 I don't watch TV very often. I've
2 finish a courseat university or college
watched one programme this month.
3 tryhard with something difficult
a yet b only c even
4 aplantomeetagirlfriendoraboyfriend
6 , I've eaten three sandwiches, four
5 a formal event to celébrate or remember something
cakesandabiscuit.
a Even b Still c So far 6 a thing thatyouown

7 I have some cake left over from my 7 the place you're going to
birthday.
a already b still c just
Vocabulary Grammar
Education Comment adverbs
1 Write the words and phrases in the box in the correct 3 Match the sentence halves.
column in the table below. 1 Hopefully, l'll
2 Unfortunately, my favourite teacher
be put off something encourage someone
give individual attention maintain discipline 3 Apparently boys
perform badly put pressure on someone 4 Basicallyyoucan't
raise standards succeed
5 Personally, I think
6 Generally, people
positive negative
7 Obviously, we haven't
succeed 8 Actually, I left school

a atl6, notl7.
b gottime tofinish thisnow.
c do worse than girls at exams, l've heard.
d young people need to learn practical skills.
e learn if you are stressed.
f isn't herethisterm.
g have good memories of their school years.
h passmy exams.

4 Tick (/) the sentences with the correct adverb.

1 Hopef ully, III make it to the party tonight. /
2 Choose the correct option (a, b or c) to replace the 2 Luckily, I had revised the right things for the exam.
words in bold without changing the meaning. 3 Personally, 80% of people in my year failed at least
1 In smaller dasses, for example with ten or fewer one exam.
students, teachers can teach more contení.
4 James wanted to go to Sussex University, but
a encourage b maintain c cover fortunately, he wasn't accepted.
2 Isaac isn't achieving very well ¡n English. 5 Apparently, many university courses in Iceland are
a exploring b performing c raising taught in English.
3 In ourschool we used to tell the teacher what we 6 Basically, you have to pass your exams if you want to
thought abouteach lesson. go to university.
a give the teacher feedbackon 7 Hopef ully, girls do better than boys in UK schools.
b raise the teachers'standards on 8 Actually, Oxford University isthe oldest university in
c give the teacher individual attention on theUK.
4 My year six teacher was terrible because he could never
control the class
a succeed b raise standards
c maintain discipline
5 I was always given opportunities to ask questions
at school.
a encouraged b pressured c performed
6 I felt that people expected too much of me when I
was doing my exams.
a thebenefit b under pressure c put off
7 My parents always encouraged me and my sister to
have a go at everything.
a toldusnotto b toldusto
c told us it wasn't important
8 Going to university really isn't the right decisión
for everybody.
a doesn't put off b doesn't encourage
c doesn't su it
Functional language Listening
Agree and disagree 1 <o 5.01 Listen to the radio interview.
Who is Anna Marchant?
Anna Marchant isa...
a chef
b radio presenter
c restaurant owner

2 Listen again. Are the sentences

true(T) orfalse(F)?
1 Anna's new project is to open a café.
F
2 Shedevelopedtheideaforthenew
place with her husband.
3 It's going to be in the centre of the
new town.
1 Choose the correct alternatives. 4 She's going to cali it Green Leoves.
A: It reaIly annoys me how much some oí these star footballers get paid. 5 'Foraging'meansfindingand
B: l'm af raid kind of ogree/l don't see it like thot. I think they deserve the
collecting food.
money they get. 6 Anna won't need to buy any food.
A: What? That's crazy. They get pa¡d more money in a week than most 7 There wasa problem with thefloorof
people get in a lifetime. the building.
B: 2l'm not so sure that's true/l holf agree. 8 The opening party is in July.
A: Itisforsomeof them.
3 Listen again, and guess the meaning of
B: 3I don't see it like thot/l guess. But they are really talented and they do the words and phrases in italics.
work really hard.
1 ... the program that keepsyou up to
A: Absolutely! But l'm a really good graphic design artist and I work really dote...
hard at my job, but I still don't get paid that kind of money.
a informsyou
B: 41 suppose so/l'm not so sure that's true, but they also make lots of b tellsyouwhen
money for other people, you know, like their football club, the town they
2 l'mintheprocessof...
live in, sponsorship, advertising...
a l've started but not finished
A:5/ kind ofogree/lt's portly to do with thot but I think they could be paid
b l've recent ly finished
half the amount and the/d still be millionaires.
3 Fobulous.
B: 6Up to o point/Foirpoint, but I still think talent deserves rewards.
a strange
2 Choose the correct option for the function in brackets. b great
1 I think eating meat is really bad for you and for the planet. 4 ... local, seosonolfood.
(agree but not completely) a available in every season
a That's true. b Uptoapoint. c Absolutely! b available only at certain times of year
2 University education is a complete waste of time, (disagree politely) 5 ... won't be able to forage for everything
a That's partly true. b I know what you mean. on the menú, presumobly?
c l'm afraid I don't see it like that. a I guess
3 I think we have a really strong government at the moment. b fortúnate ly
(agree but not completely) 6 ... now we're having a lounch porty
a I kind of agree. b l'm not so sure that's true. a party to celébrate the beginningof
c l'm afraid I don't see it like that. something
4 Mobile phones are the most amazing inventions ever! b party to celébrate the end of
(agree completely) something
a Absolutely! b Uptoapoint. c I half agree.
5 The world would be a better place if everyone smiled at each other in
the street. (agree completely)
a You might be right. b I guess so. c Sure.
6 It's not worth going on holiday in the summer - everywhere's too busy.
(agree reluctantly)
a I suppose so. b Fairpoint. c That's true.
Reading 2 Read the article and put topics 1-5 in the order
they appear.
1 Read the article and choose the best t i t le. a Travelling
a Modern Problems for Young People b Eating dinner as a family
b HappinessBeginsatHome c Limitingtheuseof technology
c Children of the Futura d Changes in society 1
e Doingjobsathome

Q People often focus on education as a way to help ÜJ It's also important to limit the amount of time a
children grow into successful adults. However, it is child spends using tablets and smartphones.
worth considerlng the importance of parents and Apparently, too much time spent on these devices
home life in this process. According to research, can lead to a lack of focus, attention, vocabulary
what happens at home may actually have a larger and social skills. Instead, parents are advised to read
influence on us than what happens at school. to their younger children and to encourage older
children to read for themselves.
[J Our society has changed a lot in the last 30 or
40 years. The organisation of many families has Q Research also shows that giving children chores to
changed. These days there are many single parent do around the home can help them become
families and families where both parents go out to successful adults who can focus on a task and
work. It is also true that many grandparents are understand that a job needs to be done. Although
less involved than they used to be in the past. children do well when their parents are with them as
Our social life has changed as technology has much as possible, apparently there can be benefits
advanced. We now live much of our lives on for girls who have working mothers. It seems that
mobile devices. Many children communicate seeing their mothers have careers, encourages young
with other children through online game playing, women to do well both academically and at work.
social media sites and messaging. We also have
24/7 access to entertainment. This has all had a
Q Finally, researchers say you should take your
children on holiday. Research shows that people
big effect on our children.
who travel more as children, especially when they
go abroad, grow up into positive and successful
adults. Travel encourages children to explore, be
open-minded and to learn from their experiences.

Q So, what do researchers believe is the way to promote

well-being and success for our children? Firstly, they
say that children benefit from eating dinner with their
families at least five times a week. It encourages a
sense of being part of a group and provides a
space to talk.
Read the article again and choose the best heading 6 Read the magazine interview. Which of the activities
for paragraphs A-F. There are two headings you from the article is mentioned?
do not need. Interviewer: Georgina Hayley, you are, probably, the most
1 Becomingsuccessfuladults AL successf ul businesswoman in the world
2 Seeing the world today. So, what is the secret of your success?
3 Eating together Georgina: Well, I suppose luck is a big part of it. I have
a very supportive family and I was lucky to
4 Taking timeout
have a great education. My parents made a
5 Why do we needto thinkaboutthis?
lot of sacrifices so I could go to university.
6 Turn itoff and read
Interviewer: Thats true. However, that's also true of a
7 The need for individual attention lot of other people who haven't become as
8 Positive attitudes to work successf ul as you.
Georgina: I suppose it is, yes.
Read the article again and answer the questions.
Interviewer: So would you say that you are just naturally
According to the article...
dever?
1 What has changed a lot in the last 30 to 40 years? Georgina: No, in fact I struggled at school. But I had
some great teachers who encouraged me
2 Why haveour social lives changed? and my parents always taught me that it's OK
to fail. When you fail, you ask yourself why
you failed and then you just start again and
3 What activity provides children with a space to talk?
do it differently the next time.
Interviewer: So you never give up?
4 Which activity can negatively affect chiIdren's ability to
Georgina: No. They taught me that you have to keep
focus in school?
trying and that you have to work hard. My
parents also gave me jobs to do around
5 What helps children understand that jobs need to thehouseasachild.
be done? Interviewer: So, do you think it's important for children to
do chores?
6 Who benefits from having a mother who works? Georgina: Yes, it's very important. They have to leam
life skills. Having chores taught me to be
7 What activity encourages children to explore? responsible and valué hard work.
Interviewer: But if children are really busy, will they have
8 Where is it best to travel with children? time to play or meet friends? Free time is
important, too, isn't it?
Georgina: Absolutely! Children need to be able to have
fun, relax and see friends. It's about finding
Find words in the article to match definitions 1-8.
the right balance.
1 a series oí actions that have a particular result
(paragraph A) 7 Choose the correct alternatives.
process
1 Georgina Hayley is a teocher/businesswomon.
2 have an effect on what happens (paragraph A)
2 She had a bad/good education.
3 be able to use something (paragraph B) 3 She performed well/didn't perform well at school.
4 She thinks her parents putpressure on/
4 the feeling of being healthy and happy (paragraph C) didn't put pressure on her to be successful all the time.
5 She believes failure can be a positive/negotive thing.
5 restrict (paragraph D) 6 When she was a child, her parents gave her lots of
chores to do/free time at home.
6 an absence (paragraph D) 7 She thinks/doesn't think that she is very responsible.
8 Georgina thinks that socialising isalso/isn't important
7 jobs that you do around the home (paragraph E) for children.

8 able to accept other people's ¡deas and opinions

(paragraph F)
Writing
!W
1 Read the introduction to the essay. What is the topic?
a Public transport ¥
b Working from home
-'
c Office politics

I’
2 Complete the essay with the words and phrases in
the box.

as well as for example however I believe

in short while

L
3 Which statement best describes the writer's opinión?
a The writer is against home working.
b The writer thinks that there will be more home working
inthefuture.
c The writer is worried about the negative effects of Is working f rom home the perf ect way to deal
home working. with office politics and crowded public transport?
Will it make us happier, healthier people or is it
4 Match paragraphs A-D to f unctions 1-4:
actually creating lonely employees?
1 Introduce your first main point.
2 State what the topic is and what the main dilemma of For many modern workers, their journey to work is less
the topic is. Inelude an overall view of your opinión. than a minute, and their office clothes generally inelude
3 Summarise and repeat your overall opinión. pyjamas and slippers. This is because working from
home is on the increase. Some people believe this is the
4 Introduce your second main point.
perfect working arrangement. It means that you can
5 Read the Focus box then match supporting examples pop out to the shops in the middle of the day, have that
1-3 below with paragraphs B-D in the essay. tenth cup of coffee without anyone raising eyebrows,
and, most importantly for many, no boss watching
what you are doing.x , I would like to
Using supporting examples argüe that this is not the whole story, as working from
home can also negatively affect workers.
When writing an essay, it is usual to support opinions
with examples. These examples may be from your 2 it keeps costs down for companies
general knowledge and can inelude stories in the
and travel time down for employees, home working
news, reports, statistics or quotes from experts. You
also leaves people feeling alone and without support.
can introduce these supporting examples with the
They sit on their own in a room or space in their house
phrase for example, but of ten you don't use a linking
word or phrase. and may not talk to or see anyone for the whole day.
Home working can make employees more stressed. This cannot be good for someone's mental or social
For example, imagine there's a document you need well-being. Humans are sociable animáis, which means
in order to get on with your work. You send an email that we need to be around other humans.
to a colleague, but you don't receive an answer
3 cutting people off from social
immediately. You sit there, waiting and waiting for a
reply. This can be very frustrating. contact, home working can make employees feel
more stressed.4A *I F , imagine there's a
1 A recent study found that most office workers spend document you need in order to get on with your work.
a mínimum of two hours a day talking to their You send an email to a colleague, but you don't receive
colleagues. an answer immediately. You sit there, waiting and
waiting for a reply. This can be very frustrating.
2 Imagine when you want a second opinión on something,
butyou have no oneto ask. 5 , we need to be aware of the
3 For example, one large technology company organises negative effect that home working can have on some
social events for employees that work at home more people.6 that companies should
than three days a week. make sure their employees have regular contact with
each other and with their bosses, have the
opportunity to socialise with colleagues and get the
support they need.
6 Read another essay on the same topic. Why does this 8 Look at the examples of howeverand while in the
writer disagree with the first writer? essay on page 42 and match the sentence halves.
1 We use however
2 We use while___
Why working from home helps achieve a healthy
work-life balance. a either at the beginning or in the middle of two clauses to
show that there is a contrast between them.
More and more people today are working from home.
b when you are adding a new sentence or comment that
Some people work from home all the time, while others
contains ¡nformation that contrasts with what carne
work from home just a few days a week.1
before. If it begins a sentence, it is followed by a comma.
It is true that homeworkers sometimes feel isolated
from the people and events in the office. However, I 9 Choose the correct alternatives.
would argüe that the benefits of working from home 1 However/ While it's important that we protect the
far outweigh any disadvantages. rainforests, we must also look after the people who are
living there.
It is clear that working from home is more cost effective 2 I believe that social media can be harmful to young
for the employer and the employee.2 brains. However/ While, a recent report has suggested
As well as being cost effective, homeworkers say that that it can help them to develop.
they are more productive at home than they would be 3 Robots may be able to take the place of employees in
in an office. They get more work done in less time.3___ some roles. However/ While, they will never be able to
provide that human touch.
What's more, working from home helps employees 4 More and more people are now working from home.
to achieve a better work-life balance. The flexibility However/ While this means that there are fewer people
allows them to work around their friends and family. using public transport, we must continué to invest in
4
the system.
In short, I believe that homeworking is the future. 5 However/ Wh/7etechnology means that we can do our
5 ___ It's time to let go of traditional ideas about work more quickly, ¡t doesn't necessarily mean that we
business and embrace the future. have morefree time.

Prepare
7 Complete the essay with the supporting examples a-f.
10a Choose one of these topics for your essay.
There is one example you do not need.
1 There should be more older people in the workplace,
a My colleagues who work from home tell me that they
as they can offer lots of usef ul experience.
aren't distracted by office noise or interrupted by
colleagues. 2 Although having qualifications can provide people with
job opportunities, this also means that they don't want
b A recent report shows that most of the population prefer
to do unskilled work.
to work ¡n a place with other people.
ciña recent talk, business leader Geoffery Marsh sa id that b Plan your essay. Make notes about:
he believes that 90% of his employees will be working • your opinión
from home by the year 2025.
• two main points to support your opinión
d In fact, a recent report has found that 70% of people
• an example to support each main point.
around the world work from home at least once a week.
• a dosing statement that summarises and repeats your
e Reports have found that homeworkers are happier,
opinión on the topic
healthier and less stressed than office workers.
f For example, the employer doesn't need to provide a
Write
desk space, equipment or insurance for a homeworker.
Meanwhile, the employee doesn't need to pay any travel n Write your essay. Use your notes in Exercise 10 and
expenses. the ¡nformation in the Focus box to help you.
Vocabulary Grammar
At the cinema, on TV Passive
1 Choose the correct alternatives. 4 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
I love watching TV! I'm a big fan 1oí/on
2 soap operas. One 1 at / shown / The / Wednesday / 8 p.m. / ¡s / series / every
minute, they're making zme/my laugh at some hilarious Jlhe series.^........
scene and the next minute I'm 3on//ntears because they're 2 done / the studio / The / were / special effects / in
killing 4on/offrny favourite character!
I really don't like talent shows, though. Watching somebody
3 Famous / this / get made / TV programmes / in / studio
get voted 5on/o^each
6 week isn't my idea of f un. It's
enough to get me to switch eover/on.
4 are being / more / used to be / Actors / paid / than / they

5 had been / one / was cancelled / Only / episode / made /

before / the series

6 cut / This / the episode / scene / is going / from / to be

7 filmed / Europe / The / series / new / will / in / be

8 has been / weeks / This / two / in / produced / episode

5 Rewrite the sentences in the passive form.

1 People make many new TV programmes every year.
2 Match definitions 1-8 with the words in the box. Manv new TV programmes are made every year.
2 People had offered the actor lots of parts before
blockbuster dialogue ending episode filming this one.
scene series special effects

1 a single part of action that happens ¡n one place 3 Someone produced this TV programme very well.
.scene
2 a set of episodes 4 People pay some actors millions of dollars for every film.
3 parts of a TV series/film created by computer
5 Someone is going to kiII off that character in the
4 the final part of a TV series/film next episode.
5 a conversation ¡n a TV series/film
6 one part of a TV series
7 the process of recording the action onto film
6 Someone has cut up this episode into short scenes.
7 People are filming that scene at the moment.
8 a film that makes a lot of money

3 Replace the words in bold in the sentences with words 8 Millions of people will use the new streaming service
in the box so that the meaning stays the same. next year.

characters dull hilarious is a fan of tense

useless

1 I felt worried when I watched the characters have a fight.

tense
2 ThisTVprogrammeissofunny!
3 I think that cookery programmes are boring.
4 The singer was very bad and got voted off in the first
week.
5 He really likes the new drama series.
6 The people in the TV series are awful!
Vocabulary Grammar
Services and recommendations have/get something done
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 3 Match the sentence halves.
1 She's having her hair h
assessed deliver did fixed look at made
removed replaee 2 You can get your mobilephonescreen
3 He's had repairs
1 Francés had to replace the windscreen on her car 4 She has to get the holein the roof
after the accident.
5 Samira got her fitness
2 Paúl used his motorbike to the pizzas to
6 Thomashad hiscarwindow
people's homes.
7 Myaunthashernails
3 The builder the condition oí the roof after
8 You can have your car
the storm.
4 Raoul the televisión so its working again now. a replaced atthisshop.
5 Zara her make up before she went out for b done tohis house.
theevening. c assessed at the gym.
6 The students the graffiti from the wall d done once a month.
before their teacher saw it. e fixed before it rains again.
7 We need to the situation and think about f washed at the garage.
how we can improve it. g broken while he was on holiday.
8 My daughter a cake for my birthday.
h cut at the hairdresser's.

4 Complete the sentences using the noun and verb

in brackets and the correct form of have/get
something done.
1 Sarah gets her nails done (her nails/do) every
two weeks.
2 I (my car/fix) at the moment.
3 Last week, Ti m
(a tooth/remove) at the dentist.
4 Stephen (nose/break) in a
fight yesterday.
5 She (passport/take away) at
theairport last week.
6 He can (his tyre/replace) at
the new garage.
7 I (hair/do) at this salón for
fouryears.

5 Find and correct five mistakes in sentences 1-8.

2 Choose thecorrectalternatives.
done
The builders Colé and Sons installed our new kitchen last
1 I had my toenails.did last week.
week. They did the work while we were on holiday, which
was very 1convenient/conversotion for us. I would give
2 They got an álbum made of their wedding photos.
Colé and Sons four stars zout of/up tofive for service.
They arrived 23on/o/time
* and they deared up the 3 You can get your broken light fixed at the garage.
*messoge/mess they made. Also, they were 5efficient/
officiolbecause they got the job done in the time they said 4 We had some Chínese food delivering an hour ago.
they would. They did a better job than another builder I got
to do work on my house last year. He was 6useful/useless 5 Did you get your tooth looked at yesterday?
and did a terrible job. Never again!
Its important to have people working in your home who 6 He made his waIlet stolen yesterday.
you can 7trust/treat.
* I would rather have someone who is
7 We're having our house paint at the moment.
Qrenewoble/relioble than someone who is cheap. Actually,
the price that Colé and Sons charged us for our kitchen was
8 Diane gets deaned her car every month.
quite 9reoson/reosonoble\
Vocabulary Grammar
In the news Probability
3 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 A: Do you think that the twosides will sign the
agreement?
B: Yes, I do and there's o aood chance it will/
itprobably won't happen today.
2 A: Doyou think this decisión will help workers?
B: Yes, absolutely. It's bound to/It probobly won't help
all of us.
3 A: Doyou think this drug will slow the development of
the disease?
B: l'm not sure. It definitely won't/might s\ow it down
a bit.
4 A: Doyou thinkyourparty will win the election?
B: No, they ore bound to/definitely won't win.
5 A: Do you think this opinión poli is correct?
B: Well, you can never be sure. But its foirly likely thotit will/
it definitely won'tbe cióse to the final result.
1 Match the sentence halves.
6 A: Do you think the manager will sell your star player?
1 Their goalkeeper has been hit by c
B: No way! He's bound to./He definitely won't.
2 Workers have gone
7 A: Do you think the leader will quit after the election?
3 The man has been found B: Maybe. He'll definitely/He might want to do
4 Supermarkets are trying to get something else.
5 Thejudgetold theboytokeep 8 A: Doyou think it'll be hot today?
6 People have carried out several opinión B: Yes, look at that blue sky. It'll definitely/
7 There are fears that Chelsea's star It probobly won't be sunny!
8 Newdrugsforthetreatment
4 Read the sentences and tick the correct meaning.
a ridof leftoverfood. 1 There's a good chance that the president will visit.
b polis about the election. a The president will probably visit. /
c injury and won't play in tomorrow's final, b The president probably won't visit.
2 This scandal is bound to damage the company.
d of the illness will be available next year.
a This scandal will almost certainly damage the company
e player has been injured.
b This scandal almost certainly won't damage the
f out of trouble or he would end up in prison.
company
g on strike because of low pay.
3 I doubt the team's star player is going to score today.
h guiltyof theft. a The team's star player is probably going to score today
b The team's star player probably isn't going to score
2 Match definitions 1-8 with the words in the box.
today
breakthrough opinión poli profits quit scandal 4 There's a small chance that there will be a storm tomorrow.
sentence strike unión a There will almost certainly be a storm tomorrow.
b There probably won't be a storm tomorrow.
1 a group of workers that tries to improve working
5 Its unlikely that the unions will reach an agreement today.
conditions unión
a The unions will probably reach an agreement today
2 to leave a job
b The unions probably won't reach an agreement today.
3 an important discovery after a lot of work has
6 Workers will definitely go on strike tomorrow.
been done
a Workers are bound to go on strike tomorrow.
4 a survey of people's ideas
b Workers are unlikely to go on strike tomorrow.
5 a shocking event
7 It's fairly likely that profits will be higher than last year.
6 money you make when you sell something for more a Profits will probably be higher than last year.
than you paid for it b Profits almost certainly won't be higher than last year.
7 a punishment f rom a law court 8 I doubt the boss will quit today
8 a period of time when workers stop working a The boss will almost certainly quit today
b The boss almost certainly won't quit today
Functional language Listening
Apologise and make excuses
1 Complete the conversation with the words in the box.

afraid impossible least make really

understanding worry would

A: l'm1 reallv sorry, but l'm

2 I can't meet for dinner tonight.
B: Oh, that's a shame.
A: 13 if I could, but l'm afraid it's
4 . I have to go and see my
grandmother. She's gone into hospital.
B: l'm sorry to hear that. 1 o 6.01 Listen to the conversation. What are Nina
A: l'll5 it up to you. and Hassantalking about?
B: At6 you phoned and you didn't leave a howtowintalent shows
me sitting in the restaurant by myself I b what makesagood movie
A: Thanks for being so 7 I c TV programmes and films they've enjoyed recently
B: Don't8 about it. I hope your
grandmother is OK. 2 Listen again and complete the sentences with the
words in the box.
2 Put the words in the correct order to complete the
conversation. Australia Derek Sams Los Angeles Martín Harris
The Day of Arrival The Sound Garden
A:11 can't come / but / sorry, / l'm / the project meeting /
This Beautiful Worid True or Terrible
tomorrow / terribly / to
.rmtenibly.^ ...... 1 Nina has just finished watching a series called
jnsetingjQin^^ ______________________
B: Oh, dear. Why not? 2 In the final scene of this series, they killed off the main
A: I have to go and see a dient.2 can't / Honestly, / it / get / character,
l/out/really/of 3 Hassan is enjoying a talent show called

4 The talent show ismade in .

5 Hassan saw a film about two brothers. It was called
B: Couldn't you change your dient meeting?
A:3 nothing / really /1 / about / do / There's / can / point / 6 The film about the brothers is set in
it/at/this

7 One of the brothers is played by

8 Hassan also saw a science fiction film called
B: Oh well.4 things / happen / These
A:5 assure / again / me / you / Let / won't / it / that /
happen 3 Listen again. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?
1 Nina felt happy when she watched the ending of the
series she has just finished. F
2 The ending of the series was well acted.
B: 6 what / It / is / is / it 3 Last night, a comedian was voted off the talent show
A: 7 only / apologise /1 / can
that Hassan likes watching.
4 Nina likes TV programmes with a good script and
B: Don't worry about it. l'll send you minutes of the realistic characters.
meeting, so you know what you need to do on the
5 The brothers in the film that Hassan watched work in a
Hamptons project. restaurant.
A: 8 make / l'll / priority / it / a
6 Hassan thinks that Nina should see the science fiction
film at the cinema.
7 Nina doesn't go to the cinema very often because it
costs too much money.
8 Nina likes watching films inbed.
 Reading
1 Look at the articles. Which of them features positive news?

2 Read the articles again. Match the sub-headings to the articles.

Weather office warns about floods in the south
Tom Peterson hears his sentence today
Northover & Co may be hiding profits
Large bank announces profits up by 8%
Gene discovery may improve treatment

IN CANCER
TREATMENT O SCANDAL HITS AAAJORTV COMPANY
Scientists have made a brcakthrough
in cáncer treatment because they now Several former employees have dairned that Northover & Co
understand the genes connected to wasn’t honest when it published its finandal results. They said
some cancers. There’s a good chance that the company has hidden miliions of dollars in bank accounts
that this will help doctors provide overseas. It's likely that work on Northover & Co TV programmes
better treatment to cáncer patients. will have to stop while pólice look at its accounts. We asked
Dr Simón Burrows told this paper
company managers to comment on these reports, but nobody was
that traditional forms of treatment
could change because doctors will be available to speak to our journalists.
able to identify which patients are
most likely to benefit from new drugs.

RECORD
RAINFALL Thunderstorms will continué today and it is possible that some rivers
BRINGS will flood. The water level in the River Rowe is dangerously high.
The weather office has warned that there is a chance of damage
POSSIBILITY to publictransport systems and some roads may also be flooded.
OF FLOODS Passengers are advised to check transport websites for more
information beforethey travel. The rain will probably last until Sunday
evening, but there may be more rain to come later in the week.
3 Football star guilty of
dangerous driving
Tom Peterson, star player for Ltd rise in profits
\ ew Market Ltd, one of the largest banks in the
I Xlcountry, has announced that its profits have
increased by 8 percent since last year. This follows a
difficult few years for the bank when they had to make
some hard decisions. They closed several local banks
and hundreds of employees lost their jobs. The CEO of
the bank, Morgan Peters, said, 'We're very pleased with
this years results and there's a good chance that we'll see
more rises next year/
3 Match articles A-E with speakers 1-5. 5 Complete the sentences with the proper
z* nouns f rom the articles.
1 I was going to drive to see Mum on Sunday, but I think l'll 1 ¡s the scientist
postpone my trip because I don't I ike driving in the rain. who has made an important discovery in
j
cáncer research.
J7
2 is the TV
z company that might have been hiding
2 I can't believe it! I love watching some of this company's
some money.
TV programmes! I hope they don't end up cancelling
3 is the ñame of the
their shows.
person who is in charge of the bank.
is the football 4
player who drove dangerously.
3 I lost my job at that bank two years ago. I'm glad to see 5 is the ñame of the
they're making money again now. Some of us aren't as football player's team.
lucky though. I'm still looking for a job that pays as much 6 is the ñame of
as that onedid. the person who was hit by the football
y
player's car.
7 is the ñame oí the
z bank that has made more money than
4 Just because people are famous, they think they can
last year.
do anything they like. They should send him to prison
8 The isthe river
to teach him a lesson.
v where floods might happen.

z \
5 This is very good news. I wonder if my grandfather might
> ------------------ —
benefit f rom ---------------------
these new drugs. J

4 Answer the questions.

Article A
1 What discovery has been made into cáncer research?

2 How can this discovery help patients?

Article B
3 Who has said that Northover & Co may have broken the law?

4 Where might the company have hidden money?

6 Find words in the text to match
definitionsl-8.

Article C 1 say who or what someoneorsomething

5 What advice have travellers been given? is .....identífy„. (article A)
2 get an advantage from something
6 How long is the rain going to continué?
(article A)
3 inanothercountry (article B)
4 a record of the money a company
Article D
receives and spends
7 Why was Tom Peterson driving dangerously?
(article B)
8 How was Teresa Raymond lucky? 5 cause to become full of water, often
causing problems (article C)
6 a person walkingin a public place
Article E (article D)
9 How much have profits at New Market Ltd risen by since last year?
7 money that a company makesbydoing
business (article E)
10 What difficult decisions has the bank made over the last few years?
(article E)
Writing 2 Read the Focus box. Then answer the questions
about the report below.
1 Read the report. Which of these statements is true
according to the report?
a Older people share more selfies than others because Organising information
they have more holidays. To write a simple report about a survey, use headings
b 18-25-year-olds share more images than any other to organise it:
age group.
Introduction
c Getting 'likes' is just as important to both sexes. • Explain what the survey is about, who conducted it
and when
• Use the passive to do this: the survey was given to
100 people; they were asked about...

Main findings
Say what the most important finding is in the first
sentence, but don't give reasons for it.
Give one or two statistics to support this finding.
You don't have to quote them all.
If you have more than one topic in the survey,
discuss each one in a different paragraph.
To describe a contrast, use words like: while,
in contrast, whereas, compared to.
To describe statistics, use a variety of language:
14%, the majority, almost one third.
Introduction
Conclusions
This report describes the results of a survey to find Explain what you think the survey results mean.
out about sharing images online. Last February, the Use phrases such as the results suggest... and
survey was given to 100 people between the ages it appears that...
of 18 and 65. They were asked about how and why Sometimes you might want to make a recommendation:
they share photographs and videos online. More research is needed on this subject.

Main findings
Introduction
The survey found differences in the way young and 1 What is the survey about?
older people share images online. Older people
are more likely to share photos of holidays, while it 2 When did the survey take place?
is popular for young people to share selfies. Only
14 percent of people over the age of 35 share photos 3 Who took part in it?
of themselves once a week or more, whereas the
majority of people aged between 18 and 25 do and
almost one third of them share selfies every day. Main findings
Young people also say it’s more important that people 4 What is the main finding?
like their images. Twice as many 18-25-year-olds say
it’s important to receive ‘likes’ and ‘shares’ than adults 5 Find one example of a statistic. What does it refer to?
aged 25-65. There are also differences between the How is it shown?
sexes. Nine percent of women said this was very
important compared to only four percent of men. 6 Find one example of contrasting words. Which things
are being contrasted?
Conclusión
The survey results suggest that people of all ages Conclusión
enjoy sharing images online. It appears that young 7 What are the conclusions?
people like to share images to show others how
happy they are. More research on the subject 8 What language is used to introduce the conclusions?
needs to be done but it is feared that this need for
‘likes’ and ‘shares’ could lead to more problem for
young people in the future.
3 Choosethe correct alternatives. Prepare
1 One hundred people interviewed/
were interviewed for the survey. 5 You’re going to write a report about a survey of TV viewing habits.
Look at the graphs that show the responses to two questions f rom
2 They were osked/osking about why they
the survey. Plan what you're going to inelude in your report.
post photos online.
• Make a note of what the survey is about when it was done and who
3 Younger people like to edit their selfies,
was interviewed.
while/when older people don't usual ly
dothis. • Decide on the most important finding.

4 Almost one third/threeof people said • Choose one or two statistics to support this finding and/or a contrast
they feel it is important to them to look you can show.
good online. • Decide about one or two condusions you could make from this finding
5 It oppeors/onnounces that this can have about the future or a recommendation you could make.
a negative effect on some people. • Decide on a recommendation you could make for the future.
6 The most/majorityof all young people Questionl
post selfies online.
7 Fifteen percent of people like to post How often do you watch more than one episode of the same TV series,
photos of f riends compare/compared one after the other?
to twenty percent of people who like to
post photos of pets and animáis.
8 The results surprise/suggestthat most
young people care about what others
thinkof them.

4 Match the descriptions of the statistics

to the correct figures.
1 Nearly all the people we spoke to
agreed.
2 A large majority of women expect
more.
3 One out of every five teens we spoke
to said yes.
Question2
4 Atiny percentageof people over 65
disagreed.
How do you feel after you’ve watched lots of episodes, one after the other?
5 A quarter of people refused to
answer. 70%
I enjoyed myself.
6 Justoverhalf of people want
changes.
7 Almost twothirdsof menchosenot
I missed sleep./tt made me tired.
to answer.
8 Lessthan half of children have
access to it.
I felt guilty for not doing something else.

a 0.5% b 80% c 98.5%

d 20% e 53% f 65%
Adults |
I missed spending time with family/friends.
g 46% h 25% Teens

Survey carried out in UK in 2017 (1,300 adults and 357 teenagers)

Write
6 Write your report. Use your notes from Exercise 5 and ¡deas from
the Focus box to help you.
Vocabulary Grammar
Health problems Verb patterns 1
1 Match thesentencehalves. 4 Find and correct five mistakes in sentences 1-8.
1 That fish I ate last night really didn't f fosee
2 Thiscold ismaking mefeel reallyout 1 My dad has pains in his chest, but he's rafusing,see¡n§ a
3 John looks exhausted and he's got big bags doctor.
4 Lúea has gone to see the doctor because he keeps
2 Ikeeptogetapaininmyknee.
5 I think l've got an allergic
6 Tom fell off his bike and got a nasty 3 I forgot to buy some mora cream for my rash at
a ofbreath. lunchtime.
b underhiseyes.
4 I really hate having a headache.
c cut on his nose.
d reaction tothisnewfacecream. 5 I don't enjoy to go to the doctor's.
e gettingapaininhischest.
f agree with me. 6 Lila'sjust starting to feel better again.

2 Match words 1-8 with definitions a-h. 7 I hope being out of hospital by next week.
1 ache 2 allergic 3 cut 4 palé 5 sore
6 strain 7 temperatura 8 virus 8 I tried finding some information about the disease on
the internet.
a an injury caused by something sharp
b toinjureamusdeinyourbody 5 Match each pair of sentences with their meanings.
c something that causes illness 1 1 Mr Dougal didn't remember to take his medicine
d a pain that doesn't stop 1 yesterday. _b_
e how hot or coid you are 2 Mr Dougal didn't remember taking his medicine
yesterday. a
f very light in colour
g unable to eat, touch or smell something because it a Mr Dougal did take his medicine, but can't remember
makesyou physically ill doingso.
b Mr Dougal didn't take his medicine.
h painful
2 1 Trytogoto the gym more frequently.
2 Try going to the gym more frequently.
a I realise it may be difficu It for you to go to the gym
more frequently, but I think you should do it.
b I recommend that you go to the gym more
frequently.

3 1 Henristopped smoking five yearsago.

2 Henristoppedtosmokeacigarette.
a Henri used to smoke but doesn't anymore.
b Henri was doing something, but stopped and had
acigarette.

3 Complete the sentences with the missing words. 4 1 I remember reading the instructions.
2 I remembered to read the instructions.
1 Lucia had to go to the hospital because she fell and
b her arm. a I read the instructions - I didn't forget!
2 Please could you get me a glass of water? I've got a b I read the instructions and I remember that I did it.
really sore t .
3 Natasha's leg is really badly b . It's all purple.
4 If I eat strawberries, I get an a r.
around my mouth.
5 l'm having difficuIty bending down because my back
is quites. .
6 Manon i her shoulder playing tennis last
week, so she won't be able to play again for a month.
Grammar Vocabulary
Verb patterns 2 Money
1 Put the words ¡n the correct order to make sentences. 4 Complete the text with the correct form
1 they'll/l/buy/new/a/car/bet of the verbs ¡n the box.

afford buy earn lend owe pay

2 for / married / Do / think / money / him / his / you / Elisa? take win

My husband and I have been trying to

3 if / Matt /1 / earns / than / wonder / more / me
1 tob.uy a bigger house for about two
years. We both have jobs, and we are both
4 Poppy / would / buy / said / dinner / she / tonight
2 quite good salaries. However,
the town we Iive in has become very popular
5 rent /1 / finding / difficult / that / pay / imagine / he's / to / his / it and wejust can't3 anything here
anymore. We've asked the bank 4
6 say / Did / you'd / you / saved / nearly / money / enough? us the money, but they won't increase our
mortgage. Even if they did, it would
7 afford / We / couldn't / the / new / realised / fíat / we 5 all our earnings each month to
pay back the loan. I can't ask my parentsfor
8 buy/ another/1 / don't /should / pair/shoes/1 /think / of any money because they 6 for
some building work on our house last year,
9 know / meeting / where / we're / Lisa / Do / you? and we still7 them the money for
that. We've decided the only way to get the
10 Chris / when / pay increase / know / he'lI / doesn't / get / a extra money we need is 9
the lottery, but I don't imagine thats going
to happen anytime soon!

2 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. 5 Replace the bold words in the sentences
1 I think that we should save some money this month. with words in the box so that the
2 I don't know I can afford to go on holiday. meaning staysthe same.
3 I wonder the new sofá will arrive. I hope it*s here before
can afford debt eamíngs payment
the weekend.
rate wealth
4 you realise we've been working here for five years now?
5 I imagine the new boss will bring some new people into 1 Every month Daniel saves 25 percent of
the company. his money from his job earnings
6 you know what the salary is for the manager's job? 2 Most students take out a student loan
7 I don't understand she gets her money from. to pay for their college fees. This means
8 l'msure Elena likes herjob very much. they leave university with a lot of
money owed to the bank
3 Choose the correct option a, b ore. 3 The final amountof money to pay for
1 He he doesn't know where the money carne f rom. my car is huge!
a thinks b daims c realises 4 I don't think it's fair that only a small
2 I that he's quite rich. percentage of people own nearly all of
a ask b tell c imagine the world's money.

3 I I could make more money if I set up my own business, so I left my job. 5 The government are planning to put up
the amount of income tax in the UK
a told b decided c daimed
next year.
4 I don't what Kate's job title is.
6 l'mnotsureifl have enough money
a know b think c bet
to pay for a holiday in Australia.
5 I that money isn't everything.
a agree b daim c wonder
6 Did you Jeremy what time to meet us?
a know b remember c tell
7 I ¡f they can really afford their new house.
a wonder b imagine c suppose
8 I that I owe Paula £20.
a asked b told c forgot
Grammar Vocabulary
Noun phrases 2 On the road
1 Underline eleven noun phrases in the text. 4 Match the words to make
In Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, fighting tires has become more compound nouns.
difficuIt in recent years. There are two reasons for this. One reason is the 1 driving— station
height of the buildings in the city, which makes it hard for firefighters to 2 foot i helmet
reach the top. Another reason is that Dubai's roads are very busy, with lots 3 petrol 1 driver
of traffic jams. Emergency ti re services often find it impossible to drive 4 fíat <test
trad itional ti re engines quickly to the site of a tire. To improve their tire
5 lorry tyre
services, Dubai has developed a new method of fighting fires. Instead of
6 breakdown path
using the roads to get to a fire, firefighters now use the many waterways in
the city. They travel along the water on jet skis to get to the fire. Then they 7 motorbike service
use jetpacks on their backs to rise up into the air. The jetpack takes water
5 Complete the sentences with the
f rom the waterway below and sends it up through the fire hose. In this
missing words.
way, firefighters can fight the fire from above.
1 The car hit a rock and the driver lost
2 Find and correct five mistakes in sentences 1-8. c .
seat belts 2 The road goes up a hill, so it's best to
1 It doesn't seem right that buses in the UK don't have/scats of belts of scats. drive in first or second g .
3 As I was driving home last night, the
2 My car engine is making a really strange noise. car infront of mee into
a lamp post because the driver had
3 Would you like a lift to the train station? fallen asleep.
4 It's ¡Ilegal to ride on a motorbike without
4 I get so angry about the rudeness of the bus drivers in this town.
wearing a h on your head.
5 Can you believe I gota one hundred
5 The queue at control of passports was enormous.
eurof. for driving without
6 To h i re a car you need to have a licence of driving. my seat belt on?
6 I had to drive around for 15 minutes
7 I parked the car and Mum went to get the ticket of the car park. before I found somewhere to
p myear.
8 The noise traffic is deafening on Station Road. 7 If I get any more p on my
driving licence, I won't be allowed to
drive for a year.
8 The other driver said l'd p
o in f ront of her, but
I thought she'd signalled for me to
goahead.
9 We had to cali the breakdown service
when our car e stopped
working on the motorway.
10 The child ran in front of the lorry and
the driver had to b quickly

3 Complete the words with the correct compound nouns.

1 when cars hit each other c.„.ar c..iash
2 the place where you wait for a bus b s
3 a place where you fill up your car with fuel p s_
4 you use these to carry home your goods from the supermarket
s b
5 things like trains, buses, etc p t_
6 rules you have to follow when driving t. I
7 organisation that will come to help you if your car has a problem
b s .........
8 people who drive large vehicles as a job I d
Functional language Listening
Deal with problems with shops
and services
1 Complete the conversaron with the words in the box.

appreciate could helpful nothing me strictly

supposed way

A: H¡, I bought this book here yesterday. I read the first few
pages and to be honest I didn't really like it. Is there any
1 way I could get a refund?
B: Can I see your receipt please, sir?
A: Ah. No, I don't have it.
B: Well, we're not2 to give refunds without a
val id receipt.
,i ‘ .'i
A: Is there really 3 you can do?
- S*
B: One second, let4 speak to my manager.
She'sjust over there. 1
A: Thanks, I really 5 it.
B: She says that6 speaking we can't give
refunds without a valid receipt. So, if you could find
the receipt...
A: That's the problem... I don't have it.7 you let
me exchange if for another book, at least?
B: l'm sorry, without the receipt I can't do anything.
i o 7.oi Listen to the conversation. Which country
A: Well, thanks a lot. You've been very 8
has Stefan visited recently?
2 Put the words in the correct order to complete the a Benin b Italy c China d México
answers.
1 A: l'm sorry, but I can't really wait two weeks for delivery. 2 Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
B: can / Let /1 / see / what / me / do 1 Stefan got back on Sunday.
Let me see what l ean do. 2 Wuzhen is north of the Yangtze River.
2 A: We're not supposed to allow pets in the hotel rooms, 3 Stefan has been to Venice.
but I could let your dog stay this one time. 4 Only tourists use vaporetti boats. __
B: it / really/I/appreciate 5 Stefan hasn't been to Mexicaltitán in México.
6 Mexicaltitán is built on an island.

3 A: l'm really sorry, I don't have anyone who could fix your 7 Stefan has been to Ganvie in Benin.
laptop until Monday. 8 The people who Iive in Ganvie travel around in
B: That's really inconvenient. there / can / nothing / Is / water taxis.
you/really/do/?
3 Listen again. Complete the sentences with the
numbers from the box.
4 A: Please could you try once more to find a table for us?
favour / be / me / You'd / doing / huge / a 118 400 800 1,600 3,000 7,000

B: Let me have a look. 1 Wuzhen is yearsold.

2 Venice has sepárate islands.
5 A: I bought thisjumper yesterday, but l'vedecidedl don't
really like it. Can I exchange it for this jacket? 3 Venice is around years oíd.
B: speak / my / me / Let / manager / to 4 Mexcaltitán is metras in diameter.
5 people live in Mexcaltitán.
6 A: That's all sorted for you now, Miss López. 6 There are about buildings in Ganvie.
B: thank / you /1 / can't / enough.
Reading
1 Readthetextsand write 1 vet
the person's ñame next 2 school nurse
to theirjob. 3 accident and emergency nurse
4 community doctor
5 surgeon

What makes a job important and enjoyable? We asked five people who work ¡n the health
industry for their opinions.

Whydo I do myjob? Well, I feel it's a very important job. I help people when somethingbad happens
to them. A lot of the people I see have suddenly started to feel extremely ill and they are often quite
worried. These people don't have time to make an appointment with their own doctor because
they need help immediately so they come to see me. No two days are ever the same. I have
patients who have nasty injuries, likeadeepcutthat worítstop bleeding I also have patientswho
have developed very high temperatures or patients who are experiencing chest pains. I have to
identify the problem, decide how bad it is and what is the best way to treat it. I like the fact that
I have to make decisions all the time.

I do myjob because I enjoy workingin a small place where I knowall my patients by ñame. I love
working with children. They can come to see me when they ve cut themselves badly or ¡f they ve
got a stomach ache. They can be a bit sad, so I use storybooks and boxes of toys to help to make
them feel better. I think that my job is really important because I talk to the children about the
importance of staying healthy. I explain about good hygiene and eating habits. I think that children
should understand these things in order toavoid health problems when they are adults.

I do myjob because I can't stand seeingan animal in pain. I think the fact that they can't tell
you what's wrong makes my job quite d ifficult A dog can't tell you that it's got a sore throat, but
I can see that the dog isn't feeling well and then try to work out the reasons why. When a dog
comes back to visit a week or so later, and it's happy and back to normal once more, I feel
really happy.

N I do myjob because I know l'm good at it. Patients come to me because their situation is very
serious. They haven't just got a nasty cut or a fever. Often it's a matter of life or death, and I know
that there is a chance I can help them. Although I can spend a lot of time with a patient, I won't
talk to them much because they are asleep. Of course, I meet my patients before and after the
operation, but not for long I don't think l'm very good at talking to people, so I would fmd it hard to
be a community doctor.

I like myjob because I like helping people in my local area I see the same patients regularly, so I get
to know them and their femilies well l'vegotsome patients whosegrandparents are also my patients.
Sometimes the waiting room is like a social club, with people chattingand laughing while they are
waiting to see me. People don't only come to see me for their health problems. I have a very sociable
job. I see pregnant women and their babies, which is always lovely. Also, people come for injections
before they go to interesting places abroad. I chat with my patients about lots of different things.
2 Read the texts again and answer the questions. 4 Read the article. What isit about?
1 Why do patients go to see Jemima and not their a the benefits of alternative therapies
usual doctor? b communicating well with patients
c conditions in hospitals

Doctors, dentists and nurses train for many years to

2 Who teaches people about how to be healthy? become experts in their jobs. However, a recent report
says that many healthcare professionals still need help
3 Which two people mention knowing their patients
in developing a good 'bedside mannerí1 c . Doctors
well and having regular contact with them?
with a good 'bedside manner' are able to communicate
well with their patients. They take time to discuss the
4 Which two people's patients are not adults? patients problem and how they plan to help.2 . This
can help a patient to feel involved in decisions about
5 What does Ben feel makes hisjob more difficult? their health problem. Evidence suggests that a good
'bedside manner' can help patients to stay calm.3 .
Families usually want to be kept informed about how
the patient is feeling and what treatment they are
6 Who says that patients don't only see him/her receiving.4 _.They are being taught how to wear
because of health problems? uniforms or dothes with bright colours, how to speak in
a calm and friendly way, that they should sit rather than
7 What reason does Louise give for not becoming a
stand at a patient's bed, that they should remember to
community doctor?
smile, and that they should ask questions about their
patient's lives and interests.

5 Complete the article with sentences a-d.

8 Who mentions having to make decisions?
a A good 'bedside manner' also involves listening to
9 Who says they are goodat their job?
the patient trying to understand how they feel and
answering their questions.
10 Who says their job is sociable? b 'Bedside manner' is actually so important that many
healthcare professionals are now receiving extra
training in it.
3 Find words in the text to match definitions 1-8. c 'Bedside manner' means the way in which a doctor,
1 an arrangement to meet someone at a particular time dentist or nurse communicates with their patient.
(text A) d It also suggests that the quality of 'bedside manner' can
2 people or animáis who are not well and go to see the affect patients'families, too.
doctor/nurse/vet (text A)
3 the practice of keeping yourself and the things around
youclean (text B)
4 hate (text C)
5 when what you do may help decide if someone I i ves or
dies (textD)
6 what a surgeon does to try and fix part of someone's
body (textD)
7 a place where people can meet and talk for pleasure
(text E)
8 describing someone who enjoys meeting and talking to
a lot of people (text E)

•i
 Don’t think l’ve sent you directions to my new fíat.
The address is 34c Birch Road, London, SW15 3RS.

Writing I assume you’ll be coming Bby/on tube, so get the District

Line to East Putney and leave 9to/by the main exit. If you’re
standing with your back to the station, then turn right and
1 Read the emails quickly. Which one is formal and
keep walking for about 200 metres. Use the subway to cross
which is informal? the main road. Then keep walking 10to//n the same direction
for another 500 metres. You’ll cross over a roundabout and
2 Read the emails again and choose the correct then you’ll pass a French restaurant on your left - don’t stop
alternatives. to eat there! It’s very expensive! Turn left into Soudberry
Avenue and Birch Road is the third road "on/of the right.
It’s a side street, so make sure you don’t miss it! As you
approach, you’ll see a post box '2in/on the comer! My fíat
is about halfway down the road, on the left. The entrance
Clarence Villa is tucked around the side. If you’re facing the house, it’s on
your left. Just ring the top bell when you arrive! I’m right at
the top of the building!
Hope this helps. Cali me if you have any problems finding me!
We’re looking forward to welcoming you to stay at
See you on Sunday,
Clarence Villa. Here are the directions so that you know
how to find us. Tessa

By train
When you arrive at Brighton main station, take a taxi or a
bus to Clarence Villa.
Taxi: Go out of the main entrance towards the seafront 3 Read the emails again. Are the sentences true (T) or
and the taxis will be 'on/over your left. false (F)?
Bus: Go out of the main entrance towards the seafront.
Walk straight ahead for about 100 metres. You should see Email 1
the dock tower on your right. Turn right 2at/in the dock 1 The taxis are doser than the buses to the train
tower. You’ll see a line of bus stops on the road in front of station.
you. Take bus 74A to Kemp Town. Get 3off/up when you
2 The writer states how much a taxi costs f rom the
see The George pub. Clarence Villa is on the third street
on the right. station.
3 Clarence Villa is near the seaf ront.
By car from London, direction M23/A23
4 Clarence Villa is cióse to a hotel.
Arrive in Brighton on the A23. Follow the brown signs to
5 It is not possible to park cióse to Clarence Villa.
the racecourse. When you get to the park (The Level), turn
right and follow the edge of the park for about 300 metres. 6 The writer doesn't give directions for how to walk
Turn left at the next set of traffic lights. Then immediately from the train station to Clarence Villa.
turn right 4out/at the next traffic lights. You should see
St Cuthbert’s Church on the left. Go all the way up the hill. Email 2
At the top of the hill, turn right at the traffic lights. You 7 Tessa has been living in this fíat for a long time.
should now be on Queen’s Park Rd and you’ll be able to
8 Tessa lives near East Putney underground station.
see the sea 5towards/ahead of you. Go all the way to the
seafront. You should be able to see Brighton Pier to the 9 Sarah wilI pass an expensive Italian restaurant on her
right. Turn left so that the sea is on your right-hand side. way to Tessa's house.
Clarence Villa is on the fourth street on your left, just 10 Tessa lives on a side street.
6to/afterthe Majestic Hotel. Please remember that you
will need to buy a parking ticket for your car. The meter 11 Tessa lives on the groundfloor.
is about halfway 7¡n/up the street. 12 Sarah is visiting Tessa next Sunday.

Please don’t hesitate to phone if you have

any difficulty with your travel arrangements.

With best wishes,

Jayne Trafford, Manager
Clarence Villas
4 Read the Focus box, then complete the information 5 Complete the sentences with the missing words.
below with examples f rom the two emails. 1 Leave the airport by the main e .
2 The hotel is o the main road, so here are
some detailed directions.
Adding supporting details 3 If you're f. _ the town hall, the conference
When you give directions, you of ten add extra details to centre ison your right.
make sure the reader doesn't get lost.
4 When you get off the bus, keep walking in the same
You can give information about:
d until you see the cinema.
• local landmarks and easily recognised places.
5 Use the s to cross under the main road,
Wa/k straight ahead for about 100 metres until
then continué straight on.
you come to a crossroads. You should see the dock
tower on your right. 6 After about five minutes, you'll come to a big
r and you'll need to take the second exit.
• distance.
... for about 2 kms until you see Preston Park on 7 We're about h down Cherry Road, on the
yourleft. right hand side.
• facing the right way. 8 After about 100 metres, you'll come to a f
Turn left so that the sea is on your ríght-hand in the road. Take the road on the right.
side. 9 As you a the city centre, watch out for
signsto the beach.

Email 1 10 The hotel is on a tiny s street just opposite

the library.
local landmarks and easily recognised places
1 seafron.t................................................................................. Prepare
2
3 6 Choose one of the tasks, a or b. Make notes and plan
4 your email.

distance a You are going to write an email with directions

5 to a hotel or guest house in your town or city.
6 Think about the following:
• where the hotel or guest house is situated
facing the right way
• different ways of travelling to get there
7
• supporting details for each way of travelling
8
• whether the email should be formal or informal
Email 2
b A f riend is visiting your new home for the first time.
local landmarks and easily recognised places
Think about the following:
1
• the reason they are coming
2
• where they are coming from
distance • the best way to get to your home
3 • what they should look for on their way
4 • what they should do if there are any problems
facing the right way • whether the email should be formal or informal
5
6 Write
7 Write your email. Use the notes you made in Exercise 6
and the ideas in the Focus box to help you.
Vocabulary Grammar
The environment First conditional
1 Match the sentence halves.
1 The problem with that material is that it produces c
2 Wehavean importantchemical
3 Weshouldban vehideswhich cause
4 Sometimes I wonder if people really want to solve
5 Some people say that we can't stop dimate
6 The world's natural
7 Oneday, oil and gas are going torun
8 A number of plant and animal species have died

a industry in this country, which employs a lot of people.

b change, but I think weshould try.
c toxic gases.
d resources are not going to last forever.
e out over the last one hundred years. 4 Choosethe correctalternatives.
f out and we'll have to use other forms of energy. 1 We should recyde more things, even if/in case it's a
g all the problems that we have. big challenge.

h pollution and replace them with greener ones. 2 We might slow down dimate change if/unless everyone
makes changes to the way we behave.
2 Complete the text with the words in the box. 3 People in the area will need to move out of their homes
in cose/unless there's a flood.
dimate change consuming die out floods
natefatóisastefs pollution prevent recyde 4 Nothing is going to improve if/unless we do something
reproducing waste about global warming now.
5 It may be too late to make any difference to dimate
In recent years, the number of1 natural disasters around change, even if/incosewe all do everything possible.
the world has been increasing. For example, there have been
6 Let's take the empty bottles even if/in cose we pass a
a lot of2 this year. Some scientists think
recycling bin on the way.
that this increase has been caused by 3 .
7 This species will die out if/unless we help to protect it.
We all need to try to stop this, but it's not easy. In fact, it's
a real challenge. We must look at how we behave and make 8 We'll consume less energy if/even ifwe turn the lights
off when we leave a room.
some changes. We should stop 4 so
much gas and oil. We must5 * paper,
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
plástic and glass, and we must look at how we get rid of verbs in brackets.
6 that we can't recyde. For example,
1 If we use natural energy from the sun and the wind,
many tonnes of plástic end up in the oceans each year.
we as much pollution.
This 7 sometimes stops sea plants and
(not cause)
animáis from 8 * and unless we
2 Even if we change our habits today, there
9 this from continuing, it may eventually
a huge problem to solve.
cause some to10 .
(still/be)
3 Match words 1-8 with definitions a-h. 3 We the amount of carbón
1 prevent 2 runout 3 consume 4 solve dioxide in the air if we get rid of our car. (might/reduce)
5 natural disaster 6 reproduce 7 waste 4 We energy if we turn off the
8 recyde computer when we're not using it. (save)
5 Some plants and animáis
a rubbish 7 even if we do everything we can to protect them.
b findan answertoa problem (might/dieout)
c tousesomethingagain 6 We back in the house in case
d to use something, for example fuel there's another earthquake. (should/not go)
e tomakebabies,eggsorseeds 7 If we all recyde more, it a big
f stop something from happening difference. (make)
g an event in natura that causes damage or loss 8 III try to walk as much as possible, even if it
h to have no more of something much longer. (take)
Grammar Vocabulary
whatever, whoever, whenever, Character
however, etc. 4 Complete the missing words in the sentences.
1 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1 Tom is active and hopes to stand in next
1 whenever / to / me / Please / you / talk / need / to month'selection.

JSeaseíajSL^ ............... 2 I follow his news blog because the information is usually
2 with / Take / go / wherever / this / you / you / r .
3 James was accused of being r because he
doesn't have any foreign workers at his company.
3 the / Yasmin / Whatever / ready / talk / always / is /
4 l'd like to be a comedian but I lack a bit of c on
time, / to
stage.
5 When you disagree with someone, i t's important to stay
c and explain your point of view.

4 nasty / him / to / me / whenever / Richard / see / is /1 6 My colleague is very kind and always w to
help me with my work.
5 works, / does well / However / Kamil / hard / never / he /
in exams 7 I thought that Sara was nice, but she's actually a bit
n .
8 My brother is very b . He did extremely well in
his lastexam.

6 goes, / her / Wherever / people / Marissa / love

7 reliable, / the situation / is / whatever / dad / My / always

8 speak / Whoever / polite / to, / be / should / you / you

2 Choose the correct option a, b or c.

1 you go in the world, you should try to make friends.
a Wherever b Whenever c Whoever
2 Fotis always smiles heseesme.
a whatever b whoever c whenever
3 You can't change people much you want to.
a however b whatever c whoever
4 Can borrowed my pen please return it?
5 Complete the text with the words in the box.
a wherever b whoever c whatever
5 You should do your best the situation. active difficult generous patient reliable strict
sweet talented
a however b whatever c whoever
6 Try to speak the local language country you're in. I get on quite well with my family. My sister is 17 years oíd.
a whatever b whenever c wherever She's very1 sweet , so she's got a lot of friends. She's
7 Emilio willwaitfor Sandra, long that might be. a singer in a band and she's quite 2. . Her band
a wherever b however c whoever is going to perform at a concert next week. However, my
sister can be a bit3 sometimes because she
8 Give us a ring you're in town.
always has to get her own way.
a wherever b whenever c however
My brother is 22. He's very politically 4 . He works
3 Complete the sentences with whatever, whoever, in local government and I think he wants to be president
whenever, wherever or however. one day! He's 5 6 with his time and money, so he's
1 You should always stay calm, however difficult that got lots of friends, too.
might be sometimes. I didn't always get on well with my dad. He's very
2 Ben lacks confidence he has to talk in public. 6 and when we were growing up, he didn't let us

3 You should tell him the truth happens. do anything. But now l've left home, we get on better.

4 he is in the world. Hari gets invited to parties. My mum is lovely. She's 7 and she always listens
to me whenever I need to talk. She's also very 8
5 You should talk to upsetyou.
I know that she'll always be there for me and wiII never let
6 OI never forget you, much I try.
me down.
7 I try to cali him, it goes directly to voicemail.
Vocabulary Grammar
Life events Time conjunctions
1 Match thesentencehalves. 4 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 l'mgoing totake e 1 Once/Soon l've retired, l'm going to go
2 We're going toannounce travelling for a while.
3 We need to pay 2 Until/As soon os he saw her, he decided
4 Sue gave he wanted to marry her.

5 Theyheld 3 I hadn't lived with a partner until/once

I got married.
6 l've been
4 When/Until l've graduated, l'm going to
7 My partner and I live
getajobinLondon.
8 I thinkthatweshouldget married
5 Until/After they got married, they
a a ceremony to remember the people who died. boughtaflat.
bina relationsh ip for four months now. 6 l'm staying in Berlín os soon os/until my
c together in Madrid. graduation and then l'm going to
d off our mortgage before we can retire, New York.

e a year off after I gradúate, 7 Marión and Tom didn't talk to each other
ofter/when their separation.
f inthespring.
8 Emmanuel paid off his mortgage
g birth to a beautif ul boy this morning.
until/before he retired.
h our engagement tomorrow.

5 Completethesentences with the

2 Complete the text with the words in the box.
correct verb or noun form of the words
birth graduated married mortgage pregnant partner in brackets.
retired together 1 Josh arrived arrived in México last
Monday. (arrive)
My ñame is Martín and l've just
2 Sallyis going to live in university
1 f rom my job as an
accommodation until her
architect. l've paid off my
and then she'll look for a fíat of her own.
2 and l'm looking forward
(gradúate)
to spending some time with my
3 My parents moved abroad after they
3 Jessie. I metjessie
three years after 14 f rom from their jobs. (retire)

university- We fell in love and 4 She for a job after

decided to start a family. she finishes school because she wants
She got5 straightaway to go travelling. (not look)
and gave 6 to our 5 She felt that her life changed after she
daughter, Grace, in 1983. Jessie and her engagement.
I have never got7 , but (announce)
we've been living 8 for 6 They were looking forward to
nearly 40 years now! their wedding and starting their
.(marry)
7 Danis to Australia as
3 Match words 1-8 with definitions a-h and then write the correct
soon as he finishes his course. (move)
noun form for each word.
8 Once I my mortgage,
a die b divorce c engaged d gradúate e married
l'm going to retire, (pay off)
f pregnant g retire h sepárate

1 the end of a person or animal's life a...-death

2 the period of a person's life after they stop working
3 an agreement to marry someone
4 what happens when two people decide to live apart
5 the legal end of a marriage
6 the period when a baby grows in a female's body
7 the relationship between a husband and wife
8 a ceremony for students when they finish university
Functional language Listening
Make phone calis 1 o 8.01 Listen. What sort of conversation is this?
a lis a conversation between two people who work at a radio studio.
1 Choosethecorrectalternatives.
b It’s an interview with an author in a radio studio.
A: Helio. Thank you for 1coll/collinq
c A woman has called a radio programme to give her opinión about a topic.
Nymans and Sons. You're zthrough/over
to Richard. 3How/Whot can I helpyou?
B: Helio, my ñame is Guy Peters. I'm
4talking/ringing about a delivery that
I received from you today.
A: OK, what can we shelp/do for you?
B: I have a sdifficult/problem with some of
the ¡tems that were delivered and
I wondered 7¡f/unless I could send
them back.
A: Yes, of course. Which store did the
delivery come from?
B: Itwas the Northbrook store.
A: OK, please Qhold/keep the line while 2 Listen again. Choose the correct option a, b or c.
I put you through to them. 1 Where and when was María born?
B: Thank you very much. a 1925 b 1950 c 1952
2 What nationality were her parents?
2 Complete the voicemails with the words
a Englishand Italian b EnglishandSpanish
in the box.
c Spanish and Italian

extensión for interested know 3 Where did shego tocollege?

reached ringing to wondered a Italy b the US c theUK
4 What was the ñame of her firstbook?
a IrishPeoches b Ivy'sBeach c IRiskPeoce
Helio, you’ve1 reached Pedro’s Car
Repair Shop. Thank you 2_ 5 How many companies did she send her first book to?
calling. Please leave a message a morethan20 b justone c 12
after the tone. 6 What was the ñame of her first husband?
a Marco b Paúl c Alex
7 How many children did she have with her first husband?
Helio, my ñame is Christina Franco and
a one b two c three
I’m 3 about an advert I saw
8 What book did she win her first prize for?
in the paper for a job as a waitress.
14 if you could let me know a Oronge Mormolode b / Win Mother's Doy
if it’s still available. My mobile is c A Range of Memories
07288 282 854.
3 Listen again and answer the questions.
1 Why does María love words and language?
Helio, you’re through 5
Dormans and Co. If you know the
2 Why does she love books?
6 number you require,
please dial it now. Otherwise, hold the
line to speak to an operator. 3 Why did she take a year off after graduation?

4 Why does María think that so many publishers said no to her first book?
Helio, this is Valerle Marks and l’d like
to leave a message for Andrew New. 5 Why has Maria stayed with the same publishing company?
I’m 7 in the bike you
advertised. I wanted to ® if
6 Why didn't she have much time to write in her early thirties?
it is still for sale. My number is
07728 282 6828
7 Why are Maria's later books more serious than her early books?

8 Why was winning a prize a turning point in Maria's life?

Reading 3 Read the questionnaire again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1 This questionnaire will help you understand how your friends behave.
1 Read the magazine article 2 The first question is about what you would do if you saw racist behaviour.
and choose the best title.
3 The second question is about what you would do if you saw your boss bullying
a How to improve your someone.
relationshi p with your boss
4 The third question is about whether you make time for people who may be
b Howtocommunicatein lonely.
relationships
5 The fourth question is about a communication problem with a friend.
c Howtobeagoodfriend
6 The fifth question is about how you can improve a relationship with a relative.

2 Read the questionnaire and 7 There are questions about relationships with partners, friends, family and people

answer the questions. you work with.

8 The questionnaire has been written by scientists.

• whatsortof afriend are you?

• Doyourfriends oiways know howyou're feeiing?
• How doyou get on withyour boss?
• Are you honest with him orher aboutyour opinions?
• How doyou teiiyour reiotives howyou'refeeiing?

If you want to know the answers to all these questions, then take
our quick and easy questionnaire tofind out!

A friend of yours makes negative comments about someone's nationality

as a joke. What do you do about it?
O You talk to him and explain that he shouldn't make jokes that might upset people.
You talk to the rest of your friends and find a way of talking to him about it together.
Q You do nothing about it. Whatever he said, it's none of your business.
Your boss has become politically active, but all her conversations are about politics now and
it's starting to annoy the employees. What do you do about it?
Q You talk to her and explain that she should talk about other things, not just politics.
Whenever she talks about politics, you change the subject and hope she gets the message.
A You let her talk about whatever she wants.
An elderly relative, who Iives alone, phones you just as you're going out to meet a friend.
You don't really have time to talk to him. What do you do?
Q You explain that you can't talk to him and put the phone down.
You listen for a while, but then explain that you have to go and promise to phone him back later.
Q You let him talk for as long as he likes.
á
A friend suddenly stops answering your text messages and emails. What do you do about it?
Q You phone her and ask her what's wrong.
You talk to other friends to find out if they know what's upset her.
Q You stop sending her messages. She'll get over it and cali you when she's ready.
You have a difficuIt relationship with your mother-in-law, which upsets your partner.
How can you make the situation better?
Q You go and see your mother-in-law and try to work out a way you can get on better.
A You set up a family meeting with your partner and mother-in-law to try to discuss the situation.
A You avoid your mother-in-law whenever you can.
Now read the results. We may not be scientists, but we can tell you a bit more about what your
answers say about you!
 You don t like to disagree with people, so you avoid these situations. This means thatyou are easy to get on
with and you hardly ever have arguments with your f riends. People probably don't know anything about how
you're feeling though. You should try to be honest with others about important things.

2 :
You always say what you think in your relationships, even when you disagree with someone. This is good
because people will always know how you feel. Be careful that you don't upset people by being difficult, though.
Sometimes, you should think about how other people feel.

3 :
You try to let people know how you feel in relationships and you always do it in a way that won't upset them.
You are kind because you think about others. But people might not always understand how you're really feeling.
You should have a bit more confidence when you talk to others.

5 Read the comments. Do you think these Match the words in the box with definitions 1-8.
people would answer Mostly As,
Mostly Bs or Mostly Cs? argument avoid hardly ever honest mostly opinión
relative upset

1 I like to be honest about the almost all or almost always

way l'm feeling, but I hate having
point of view
arguments. I'll often try and find a
almost never
way of communicating my
someone in yourfamily
message without saying it in a
way that might upset someone. to make someone feel worried or unhappy
to choose not to do something
always telling the truth
a conversation where you disagree with someone
2
I think you should be honest,
whatever you have to say.
That's what I always do and
I don't care if I upset people
along the way
x.

3 I like an easy life. That

generally means I stay away
from trouble. I don't always say
what's on my mind, but everyone
else is usually too busy talking
to listen anyway!
Wnting
i Read the four texts. Which of them contain
more formal language?

2 Use phrases and sentences 1-4 to complete

texts A-D.
1 Of course l'l I come!
2 Thank you very much for the invitation to
Richard and Hannah's wedding.
3 It's going to be a simple wedding.
4 The wedding will take place at the
following address:

You are warmly invited to the wedding of

RICHARD DAVISÜN
and
HANNAH STEPHENS

i
----- This is a note to confirm that 1 will
Southsea Registry Office
on 20 September at 3 p.m. e attending. I don’t eat meat, so 1 would
«ppreciate a vegetarían meal.
Dinner will be served afterwards at
Grates Restaurante
34 High St. Southsea. Best wishes,
Saira Filfil
Dress code: formal
RSVP by 1 3 June to Mr and Mrs Stephens,
14 Western Road, Southsea.
Should you have any special dietary reyuirements.
please advise in your reply.

Hi Saira,
H¡ Hannah!
I said yes!!!! Can you believe it? I’m getting married!
WOWÜ CONGRATULATIONS! I’m so happy for you!
You must have had your formal invitation by now, but
1 thought l’d drop you a quick line and say how much And thank you so much for inviting me!4 . Nothing could
keep me away! I’m still a vegetarían, so no meat for me,
l’d like it if you can come to the wedding.
please.
2 Just a quick ceremony at the focal registry office, then
Really looking forward to it and hope to see you before
we7!?have dinner at a nice restauran! afterwards. If there s
the big day!
anything you don’t eat, then just let me know.
Love as ever,
Lots of love,
Saira
Hannah
k.
X
3 Read the Focus box and then find formal or informal 5 Choose the correct option az b ore.
phrases in the texts that mean the same as phrases 1 All award winners will a special gift bag.
1-5 below. a hold b seize c receive
2 The event will be by the town mayor,
a guested b hosted c owned
Formal and informal language
3 You are invited to the wedding of Ryan and Jenny.

Formal Informal a warm b warmly c coldly

4 you require transport to the reception, contact Peter.
Clear layout and design Text
headings underlining (no obvious layout) a Could b Would c Should
bullets (•) 5 You are invited to the awards ceremony on
No contractions Contractions 3 September.
You are l'm We'll a attend b attach c attract
More passives More direct (f/We) 6 The launch party will be at the golf course.
(fewer/and ¡ve) /said yes!!!!! a made b held c produced
You are warmly invited We'll have dinner
7 This is a note to ... that I will be attending the wedding.
Other more formal More everyday a confirm b confess c conflict
grammar (will/ would/ grammar
8 I don't eat meat so I would a vegetarían meal.
should) It's going to be a simple
a demand b expect c appreciate
The marriage wí//take wedding
place If there's anything you
6 Match the sentence halves.
Should you have don't eat, then just let me
any special dietary know. 1 Youare warmly invited to the _e..„.
requirements. 2 Should you have any special
Formal words Usual words 3 RSVPby:
RSVP confirm let me know so happy 4 The event will take
appreciate Of course Illcomel 5 A light dinner and drinks
6 Dress code:
1 We'll have dinner (textA)
a 5June
2 Thanks for inviting me! (text B)
b casual
3 Should you have any special dietary requirements
c place at St Leonard's Town Hall,
(text C)
d will be served.
4 l'd be delighted to attend. (text D)
e Golden Anniversary of Tom and Tina Brookman.
5 l'm afra id I don't eat meat. (text D)
f requests, please advise in your reply.
4 Choose the correct alternatives in this formal
invitation. Prepare
7 You are going to write a formal invitation to a wedding
1 You ore warmly invited/ We invite you to the
anniversary party. Think about:
Haymans & Sons summer party on 18 May.
• where and when the party will take place
2The summerporty is held/We hove o party each year
• other usef ul information about the party
to celébrate the success of the business.
• how you would like the person invited to respond
3Drinks willbe served/ You will get o drinkat 6.30 p.m. and
• the date when you would like them to respond by
4 we'll hove dinner ot/dinner will stortat 7.30 p.m.
Dress code: 51formol/weor
62 3 4 smort clothes
6lfyou need/Should you require any specific access,
Write
then please7inelude this inyour RSVP/let me know. 8 Write your invitation. Then write a formal acceptance
QRSVP/getbock to me by 14 March. to the invitation. Use your notes from Exercise 7 and
the ideas in the Focus box to help you.
Vocabulary Grammar
Quality of lif e Patterns after wish
1 Match thesentencehalves. 3 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences,
1 Sometimes lite ¡s difficult, but I know that my family 1 1 / to / part-time / work / wish / could / afford /1
have faith Iwisb^ .....................
2 It's so sad that some people still face 2 pólice / wish / more /1 / there / on / streets / our / were
3 Ittakesmeawhiletotrust ___
4 We need a stronger 3 we / afford / move / could/to/We/wish
5 I don't like totalkabout all the work I do
6 There isrít a lot of violence here, but there's 4 I / they / wish / collect / rubbish / more often / would / the
7 I think these days there is more tolerance
8 Social media creates pressure to show how 5 work / weekends /1 / didn't / wish / have to / Noor
interesting
6 people/1 / weren't / rude / so /wish
a of different lifestyles, but the situation is still not
perfect.
7 to /1 /1 / didn't / go / work / today / have to / wish
b quite a lot of lessseriouscrime.
c our lives are, which can cause a lot of anxiety.
8 traffic jam / would /1 / move / wish / this
d community here; people don't even know who their
neighbours are.
e forcharity.That'snotwhyldoit.
4 Choose the correct alternatives.
f new people, but when I do, I can be a great friend.
1 I wish I work/ worked for a charity.
g in me, and that helps me continué.
2 I wish my teacher would/could speak more slowly.
h discrimination because of their age, gender or race.
3 I wish my neighbours would/were turn the music down.
2 Complete the text with the words in the box. 4 I wish I would/couldvisit my parents more often.
5 I wish I Uve/lived in a smaller town.
eemfRHRities discrimination fact of life generous
6 I wish I con/could come with you to Greece.
part-time pressure spaces tolerance violence
wages 7 I wish I hod/could time to go to the gym today.
8 I wish James would/ w/7/message me.
Many people believe that quality of life was much better in
the UK in the 1950s and 1960s. Our image is that everyone 5 Rewrite the sentences using / wish.
lived in strong1 communities surrounded by friends and 1 There's a party tonight. I want to go, but I can't.
family. We imagine ch¡Idren playing safely in the streets or I wish I could go to the party tonight.
in wonderf ul green 2 in the sunshine. We 2 All the benches in the park are broken. I'd Iike the council
think that there was no crime or3 and that to mend them.
everybody felt safe at any time of the day or night.
There was less of a consumer culture, so people felt less 3 I don't know what todo.

4 to buy the latest clothes, cars or

electronic ítems. We also have the ¡dea that everyone was 4 There aren't enough trains. The train company really
very 5 , helping each other all the time and needs to put more on.
doing lots for charity. In short, we think that happiness was
just a 6 in the 1950s and 1960s. Was this 5 I'd like to have my own car, but I don't.
really true?
Not completely. Men often had jobs with good 6 There are no streetlights by the beach. I think there
7 , but women usual ly stayed at home or should be.
worked 8 . There was less equality and
people from different backgrounds often faced 7 I'd like to be able to help Ollie, but I can't.
9 . Most people agree that today,
there is greater10 of people different 8 The weather is so coid and wet. I'd like it to be hot
from ourselves. and sunny.
Vocabulary Grammar
Society Second conditional
1 Match words 1-10 with definitions a-j. 3 Match the sentence halves.
1 chaos 2 dcmocracy 3 fund 4 peace 5 poverty 1 If I wasn't a teacher, c
6 racism 7 rights 8 state 9 wealth 10 vote 2 We might have more money,
3 What would you say
a a pol¡ticaI system where people choose their government by voting
4 If you could changeonething inthe
for it 2
world,
b when there is no order or organisation
5 If there was no government,
c alargeamountof money or property
6 If people walked everywhere,
d when people are very poor
7 It would end poverty
e the belief that people of some races are inferior to people of
8 If we made robots deverer than
other races
humans,
f the government of a country
g when things are quietandcalm a if someone asked you to rule the
h things that people should be able to do orhave country?
i achoiceinanelection b there would be chaos,
j provide the money for something c l'd like to be a politician.
d ifwe all earned the same wage.
2 Choose the correct alternatives to complete the text.
e they might take over the world.
f if wedidn'tgooutsomuch.
HOME > News > Latest
g it could solve our environmental
Power struggle in Bartholomew problems.

|22J NEWS — 1 hour ago h what would it be?

4 Find and correct the mistakes in each

sentence.
have
1 If people didrít.had to work, they would
get very bored.

2 If you would be a millionaire, what would

you spend your money on?

3 Whatwill you do if you lost your job?

4 If I would write the Hunger Gomes,

I would be a very rich woman now.

5 If I had a better imagination, I must be

able to imagine a world like that.

Pólice officials admit that drug gangs have completely 'taken/turned

6 If I lived in a world ruled by robots, I fight
over the Bartholomew area of the city. After several days of fighting,
to take control.
reports say that the pólice lost control at about 4.30 a.m. this morning.
The area is now being 2ruled/regulated by gang members and the
7 I might think I was dreaming if I wake up
pólice have no authority there. Yesterday evening, the pólice advised
to find that everyone in society was equal
inhabitants to leave the area, but the 3most/majority of people decided
to stay. All this morning, gang members have been driving around the
8 What rules you make if you were asked to
city disturbing the *peace/process and the community is angry that they
create a perfect society?
are having to 5place/put up with this. People are demanding that the
pólice get erule/rid of the gangs. Bartholomew is an area of intense
poverty, with high levels of unemployment and many 7houseless/
homeless people. There is a large problem with health, as most people
cannot afford 8hospital care/healthcare. Many young people sell drugs
for the gang in order to be able to ^fund/free a trip to see a doctor.

J Like
Grammar Vocabulary
Past modals of deduction Sport
1 Complete the sentences with must, mightor can't. 3 Write the words and phrases in the box in the correct
1 There's no way he won fairly. He must have columns in the table below.
cheated in the race.
break the record time cerne last get beaten
2 l've lost my phone. I have left ¡t on the bus or get knocked out get sent off in the lead
I suppose ¡t could be at work. I just don't know! miss a penalty
3 She have competed in the last Olympics
because she wasn't good enough. positive negative
4 The shops have been empty in town,
come last
because everyone was watching the final.
5 Gordal hasn't moved yet. She have heard the
startingwhistle.
6 The fans have been delighted with that
amazing score.
7 The losing tearrís journey home _ have been
muchfun.
8 The players are still continuing to play, so they
______ have seen the dog on the pitch.

2 Correct the words in bold in the conversations. 4 Match the sentence halves.

1 A: My girlfriend ran the marathón last weekend. 1 He missed a _b__

must 2 Paola became a black
B: Wow! You 1mkjht have been so proud of her. 3 Lastyear,ourcountry gotto
A: Yes, I was. She did it with a bad knee, too. 4 That horse was
B: Really? That 2must have been easy! 5 It's amazing how athletes continué to break
A: It wasn't! But she did really well. She completed the 6 Sofia has been chosen to represent
marathón in seven hours. 7 Shefell
B: That's good, she 3can't have been pleased with 8 The match wasn't a fair
that time.
a her country in the women's volleyball.
2 A: Hey,Jules,congratulationsondoing the marathón at b penalty in the WorldCup final.
the weekend. It 4might have been exhausting! c the quarter-finals.
B: Itwas. d the favouritetowin the race,
A: You 5might have been really pleased to finish.
e world records.
B: Yes, but I wasn't very pleased with my time. I was quite f contest because one of the teams had a couple of
slow. 16must have done better if l'd trained more. injured players.
g beltinkaratetwoyearsago.
h over just as she was about to score.

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the

verbsinthebox.

break come last drown get beaten send train

1 James nearly when his boat got damaged in

the race.
2 The football team six days a week.
3 The referee __ the player off the pitch for
dangerous behaviour.
4 I didn't do well in the race. I by ten other
people who were faster.
5 Webster failed to the record time in this race.
6 Issa was disappointed that he didn't win his race but at
least he didn't
Functional language Listening
Interrupt politely 1 o 9.01 Listen to the radio programme. What is
it about?
1 Complete the conversation with the words in the box.
a how to train young children to be footballers
about back could go interrupt mind point b the best way to develop young children into sporting
worries successes
c why some of our top sporting stars are successful
A: OK. We've been thinking about the new project.
We would Iike Priya to be the project manager, with 2 Listen again. Tick (/) the statements Dr Ramiresh
Ulla working as her assistant. agrees with.
B: Which means that Ted wilI need to co-ordinate with 1 Training children in one sport from a young age can have
Priya and Fred will need to co-ordinate with Rachel. a negative effect on their physicaI development. /
A: Exactly,and...
2 Children need to focus on the sports they are good at.
C: l'm sorry, but1 could I just stop you there for
3 Free play is good for young children.
a moment?
4 If young children only learn one sport, they will not
A: Of course.
learn all the physical skills they need.
C: Sorry, but would you 2 just repeating that?
B: Don't worry, it's all on page five of the handout. 5 Even if children are talented at a sport, they shouldn't

C: Great. Sorry 3 that. Please 4 on. be encouraged to play it.

A: No 5 . So, to get6 to what I was 6 Teenagers can begin to focus on one particular sport.
saying. We've still got to assign a project manager to the 7 Children who are pushed hard often become sporting
Yaleberg project. successes.
B: I think Fred could do it. 8 Children need to be told what they have done wrong.
A: Good idea.
C: Sorry to7 you again, but will Fred have 3 Listen again and choose the correct option a or b.
enough time? 1 What is Dr Ramiresh's job?
B: That's a fa ir8 . Let's discuss with him. a child sports psychologist b sports star

2 Put the words ¡n the correct order to complete the 2 What is the ñame of Dr Ramiresh's book?

conversation. a 'CalledFree' b ' Free to Play'

A: xl / say / could / something / just / there ? 3 What age does he consider too young to start training
children in sports?
B: Yes, of course. a oneortwo b threeorfour
A: 2just /1 / Sorry / make / suggestion / to / but / wanted /
4 Dr Ramiresh says that using lots of different play and
quick/a
sporting equipment helps young children to develop in
. That's probably not going
two ways. What are these?
to happen because the trains don't go through Waterloo
a their strength and flexibility
on a Sunday. It might be better to meet at Victoria.
B: You're right. 3out / Thanks / pointing / for / that b their movement skills and their co-ordination.

5 What is Dr Ramiresh's definition of 'free play?

A: Yes. 4interrupt / sorry / to / Anyway, a play with no rules
b play you don't have to pay for
B: No worries. 5I / So, / saying / as / was
6 Who does the presenter say would disagree with
. How about ¡f we meet at
Dr Ramiresh's view that young children shouldn't focus
7 p.m. at Victoria and then get a taxi to the Southbank?
onjust one sport?
A: 6mind / Do / if / here / you /1 / come / ¡n ?
a sports coaches b talented sports stars

B: No, of course not. 7 Dr Ramiresh says that children who are pushed too hard
A: Thanks. I just think it might be quicker to go by can become sporting failures. When can this happen?
underground. 7saying / you / were / So ? a their teenageyears b their twenties

8 What sort of health issues does he say that many of

B: Yes, so we'll meet at Victoria and go to the Southbank
these children sufferfrom as adults?
by underground.
a mental health issues b physical issues
A: 8stop / there / moment / Could /1 / a / just / you / for ?
Reading 2 Read the text again and match headings 1-5 to paragraphs A-E.
1 Creating a Utopia £_
1 Read the article. Who is itabout? 2 Vasco de Quiroga's arrival in México
a ThomasMore 3 A desire to change things
b Ñuño Beltrán deGuzmán 4 Starting again
c Vasco de Quiroga 5 An early example of Utopia

O K. >1 anY people say that Utopia cannot exist. They

V say that rt is a dream that can never come true.
I However, there are people who have tried to

create Utopian societies, in which everyone has their

own purpose and is valued by others. One of the earliest
examples was in the 16th century, when a man called
Vasco de Quiroga created a Utopia in México.

[J Vasco de Quiroga was born in the 15th century in Spain.

His family was wealthy and he trained to be a lawyer. As
Quiroga got older, he decided to become a priest. In
1531, when he was in his sixties, he travelled to México,
where the Spanish conquistadors had taken control. The
conquistadors had destroyed many Mexican communities.
They had taken peoples wealth and forced them to live
in poverty.

Q The cruel conquistador, Ñuño Beltrán de Guzmán was in

charge of western México. There was chaos everywhere.
Quiroga disagreed with the methods Guzmán used. He
had read Thomas Mores book Utopia and he agreed with
Mores ideas. He believed that instead of mistreating
the Mexican people, it would be more helpful to give
them a way to earn wages.

Q] Over the years, Guzmán had made many enemies and

people carne from Spain to arrest him. He tried to
escape from México after he had destroyed an area
called Michoacán. However, Guzmán was finally caught
and taken to Spain, where he was put in prison for the
rest of his life. At this time, México was in a terrible
condition, and in 1532 Quiroga used his own money to
build a hospital-school in Michoacán.

Q In 1537, Quiroga became Bishop of Michoacán. He felt

he had the opportunity to try to build Mores Utopia in
Michoacán. He helped to build communities and provided
people with education in religión and the arts. Each
community was taught a different art, so that they could
learn the best techniques. Communities were encouraged
to sell what they had made to other communities. Also,
Quiroga divided up the land so that each family had their
own house and land for growing vegetables and keeping
animáis. He built schools, hospitals, churches and even the
first university in the región. Perhaps most importantly,
Quiroga taught people how they could rule themselves.
People throughout México appreciated what Quiroga
did for them, and many Mexicans still cali him the ‘father’
of Michoacán.
Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? Correct the 6 Read the three definitions of Utopia below. Which one is
false sentences. most similar to Vasco de Quiroga's versión of Utopia?
1 The conquistadores were Mexican. r i
2 Vasco de Quiroga was born in the 15th century. a I think in a Utopia we would all be able to do exactly
what we wanted to do, whatever made us happy.
3 Quiroga was Mexican.
4 Quiroga carne from a poorfamily.
5 Ñuño Beltrán de Guzmán treated the Mexicans
badly. b For a Utopia to actually work, I think you would need
6 Quiroga disagreed with the ideas in Thomas More's to choose which people to indude and send all the

book Utopia. others away.

7 Guzmán died in México.

Asman, 25
8 Guzmán gave Quiroga money to build a
hospital-school in Michoacán. c In a Utopia, everyone has to have a purpose and everyone
has to valué each other's contribution to that society.
Complete the sentences with one, two or three
words from the text. Jane, 23
1 One of the first Utopian societies was created in
. (paragraph A) 7 Read the text and choose the correct text type.

2 The conquistadora destroyed many Mexican a bookreview b filmreview c theatre review

. (paragraph B)
3 Vasco de Quiroga trained to be a Avotor was first seen in cinemas in 2009, but it's still my

. (paragraph B) favourite science-fiction film. It's set on an alien moon

called Pandora, where people called the Na'vi live. Everyone
4 Quiroga did not go to México until he was
works together in this Utopian society. They love the
. (paragraph B)
land and they don't try to control the animáis. They ask
5 Quiroga Guzmán methods of
permission to ride or fly on them.
controlling the Mexican people. (paragraph C)
Every time I watch the film, I find the ¡dea of Pandora even
6 The first thing that Quiroga built in Michoacán was a
more beautiful. The film shows future people from Earth
........................(paragraph D)
as very selfish. They don't care about each other, about
7 Quiroga started build i ng his Utopia when he became
the Na'vi people or about Pandora. They try to take over
. (paragraph E)
Pandora and to control the Na'vi.
8 Quiroga built lots of things, such as churches, a
What I love the most in the film is the love story between
university, and .
Neytiri, the Na'vi princess, and Jake Sully. Jake is a US soldier
(paragraph E)
who is sent to Pandora to find out about the Na'vi people.
He soon realises that what people from Earth want to do to
Match the words in bold in the article with
Pandora is wrong, and he does what he can to try to help
definitionsl-8.
the Na'vi.
1 were thankfulfor
2 to be made to do something you don't want to do
Read the text again and answer the questions.
1 What is the ñame of the film?
3 a chance todo something
4 a hopeorambition
5 treat someone badly 2 When was it first shown in cinemas?

6 run away
7 when everything is happening in a confused way and 3 Where is the Utopian society located?
nothing isorganised
8 an area of a country 4 Who are the Na'vi?

5 How do the Na'vi treat animáis on Pandora?

6 How does the writer describe the people from Earth?

7 What does the writer love the most about the film?
Writing 3 Read the blogpost again and answer the questions,
1 Who is getting married today?
1 Read the blog post. Why do you think it was written?
a The writer wants to invite people to attend a wedding
2 Why did Granny May move ¡n with her daughter and
party, and ¡s giving some ¡nteresting information about
son-in-law?
the couple.
b The writer is very proud of his relatives, and wants to
share their story. 3 Why did Granny May become lonely and depressed?

c The writer wants to show how difficuIt lite can be for

older people and ask people to help. 4 How did she find out about volunteering at the local
charity shop?
2 Read the blog post again. Choose the correct
alternatives.
5 How much time did she spend working at the
charity shop?

6 Why did Granny May and Ralph have to cancel their date
Billy to have afternoon tea?
1 hour

7 How long was it before they saw each other again

Congratulations to my grandmother, who is getting after that?
married today! Everyone is so happy for her, 'because/
due to we know what a difficult couple of years she’s had.
8 How did they speak to each other during the winter?

For anyone who’s missed Granny May’s story, here it is!

Two years ago, Granny May caught a virus and got so

sick 2that/since she had to move in with her daughter
and son-in-law. 3As a result/Due to, she couldn’t see her
friends and neighbours as often as she used to. Granny
May became quite lonely and depressed. One day, after
Granny May had started to recover, she saw an advert
asking for people to volunteer in the local charity shop.
AAs/So Granny May rang the number and soon afterwards
she started working at the shop two days a week. She
really enjoyed working there because she liked helping
the charity and it was a great chance to meet new people.

At the charity shop, she met Ralph, who also worked

there. Ralph is a very kind man who used to be a school
teacher until he retired eight years ago. After a couple of
months, Ralph asked Granny May to go out for afternoon
tea with him. However, 5because/that it had snowed, they
had to cancel their date. The weather was really bad for
a long time after that, 6since/so
* it was two months later
before Ralph and May actually saw each other again.
7That/Since they couldn’t meet up, Granny May and Ralph
FaceTimed each other on their computers every day.
They talked about everything in their lives. 8As a result/
Due to they fell in love! Ralph asked May to marry him,
and she agreed. Everyone was surprised - but delighted
to hear their news

Today is their wedding day. Hurray! I’ll post a full

description of the day and lots of photographs later!
4 Read the Focus box. Then underline the result clause in the 6 Rewrite the sentences using the words
sentences below. in brackets.
1 The tickets were expensive, so we
decided not to go. (that)
Expressing cause and effect JheJickets^^^ ..............
There are many ways you can express cause and result. ..................................
Cause Result 2 The weather conditions were dangerous,
The tickets were so expensive (that) we decided not to go. so the schools were closed. (due)
It's a very popular event. so you should book soon.
Since I was working near the I went to queue up for tickets.
stadium,
Because/As it was so crowded, we couldn't see a thing.
Due to the bad weather, they cancelled the match.
3 They changed the wedding venueto
The crowds had become As a result they've moved the
another place because it was so small.
dangerous. carnival out of the city.
(as)
Result Cause
It was amazing because no-one expected her
to win!
4 Because the demand was so high, the
It was cancelled due to a lack ofinterest.
show sold out quickly. (because of)
Imissed her wedding because ofillness.

1 It was terrible because no one could get to work.

2 Because it was a winter wedding, we all wore coats. 5 Since they were so tired, they decided
not to join the rest of the group. (that)
3 Mum hurt her foot dancing, so Dad had to carry her to the car.
4 Due to the age of most of the guests, the party ended at 10 p.m.
5 As Aunty Jackie was on holiday, she wasn't at the wedding.
6 Granny May looked amazing because she'd had her hair and makeup 6 Due to the cancelled flight, she had to
done professionally. stay in Napoli an extra night. (as)

7 Ralph couldn't hear anything due to an ear infection.

8 Since Granny May hasn't got her own home, they're going to live in
Ralph's house. 7 Because they had never met before, they
were a little shy with each other. (since)
5 Match the sentencehalves.
1 Dan and Sarah were so in love c
2 They sent out invitations early,
8 As the weather was so hot, they decided
3 Since they'd already been together for three years,
not to go outside. (due)
4 Because they don't have a lot of money,
5 Due to illness,
6 It was a great day

a they decided to have a short engagement.

Prepare
b Sarah and Dan aren't going on honeymoon.
c that they decided to get married. 7 You're going to write a social media post
describing how two people you know
d so that their guests could save the date.
(real or imagined) got to know each
e because everyone was happy for the bride and groom.
other. Think about the following:
f her grandmother couldn't come.
• where and when they met
• why they were both in the same place
• anything that was unusual about how
they got to know each other
• why their story is interesting

Write
8 Write your social media post using your
ideas f rom Exercise 7 and the Focus box
Vocabulary Grammar
Influential people Third conditional
1 Match words 1-10 with definitions a-j. 3 Choose the correct alternatives.
1 activist 2 athlete 3 architect 1 If I hodn't been/didn't go there, I wouldn't hove believed/
4 ex-plorer 5 poet 6 lawyer hodn't believed what happened.
7 military leader 8 painter 2 If the suffragette movement never exists/hod never existed,
9 philosopher 10 trade unión leader women won't be/might never hove been allowed to vote.
3 If she would work/had worked harder, she would hove possed/
a someone who travels to and finds out about hod possed her exams.
new places 4
4 If / hod been/wos good at art, I would hove studied/hod studied
b someone who writes poems paintingat college.
c someone who takes part in activities to 5 I wouldn't reod/might not hove reod this book if I didn'tgo/
encourage social or political change hodn't gone into the bookshop to get out of the rain.
d someone who creates pictures 6 I might hove studied/study philosophy in the evenings if I
e someone who studies and gives their opinions hod hod/hove enough f ree time.
about themeaningof lite 7 If my grandmother didn't miss/hodn't missedher train home,
f someone who gives advice about thelaw she would never meet/hove metvny grandfather.
g someone who isthehead oí anarmy
h someone who is trained in a particular sport and
4 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in
brackets to make third conditional sentences.
takes part in competitions
i someone who designs new buildings
Architect Jorn Utzon
j someone who represents people who work in
Jorn Utzon is famous because he was the architect who designed
a particular industry
the iconic Sydney Opera House. If Utzon1 had followed (follow)
2 Complete the sentences using the words in his original dream of designing boats, he 2
thebox. (never design) this famous building. Utzon studied architecture and
graduated in 1942. In 1956, there was a competition in Sydney for the
defended designed gold medals sailing design of a new opera house. If they 3 (not have)
right victories widely read works a competition, Utzon 4 (would never get) this
important job. Utzon's designs for the opera house were very
1 Akbar the Great (1542-1605) was the third
difficuIt to follow. If the designs 5 (not be) so
Moghul emperor of India. He was a great military
complicated, they 6 (would/not spend) so much
leader and had many in battle
money on the project. In 1966, Utzon left the project, and he wasn't
against the Afghans.
able to finish the building. This was good news for architect Peter
2 Ben Ainslie from is the most successf ul Olympic
Hall, who 7 (would/never work) on the Sydney
sailor ever. He won four in the
Opera House if Utzon 8 (not left). This story
Olympic Games piusa silver.
does have a happy ending though, because Utzon received the
3 Architect Adrián Smith the world's
Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2003. He 9
tallest building (so far), The Burj Khalifa in Dubai.
(may never win) this prize if he18 (not design)
4 The Salvador Dalí Museum in Florida has the the Sydney Opera House!
largest collection outside Europe of Dali's
of art.
5 Activist and human rights lawyer, Amal Clooney,
has many high-profile dients during
her work.
6 In 2017, French sailor Francois Gabart beat the
existing world record for around the
world on his own. He was able to do this six days
faster than the previous world record.
7 The 'suffragette' movement in the UK fought for
women's to vote.
8 Charles Dickens, who wrote Oliver Twist has
always been incredibly popular. He has to be one
of the most authors of all time.
Vocabulary Grammar
Successes and failures should have
1 Match the sentence halves. 3 Find and correctfive mistakes in sentences 1-8.
1 In my previous job I was responsi ble have
2 Lucas nevervolunteerstohelp 1 We should finished this last week.
3 When my boss talked about reorganising the
department, he attracted 2 We probably should have extend the deadline.

4 Yolanda's really upset because she got a low

3 We should haven't make William the team leader.
5 We need more time, so could we
6 I heard you had 4 We should have heard from Helena by now.
7 l'm disappointed with Kyle because he never
meets 5 We shouldn't have set such high standards.
8 Nooneinthedassachieved
6 We should have managed the project better.
a grade for the project.
b a disagreement with Paúl. Everything OK? 7 She shouldn't have get such a bad grade.

c delay the meeting until next week?

8 They shouldn't had torced us to change the design.
d forbringinginnewdients.
e themarkthey wanted. 4 Complete the conversations with the correct form of the
f a lotof opposition. verbs in the boxes and should have or shouldn't have.

g unlesshegainssomethingfrom it.
guess lie teU
h hisdeadlines.
A: l'm sorry, I probably1 should have told you earlier
2 Complete the email with words in the box.
that I was applying for a new job.

action deadline torced introduce manage B: Yes, you really 2 and pretended to
opposition results rush situation standard be sick when you went for the interview. As you looked
task volunteered fine the day before and the day after, I suppose I
3 that you hadn't been ¡II.
• •
ask do ignore realise talk

Dear Graham,
A: So, the video showed a team leader ignoring a problem
Thank you for sending through your report. I appreciate
between two members of her team. What do you think
that you have sent it befare the1 of the
30th July. However, in my Opinión, you have written the she 4 differently?
report in a2 . As a result, I think it is B: I think she probably 5 themto
not of the required high 3 that we were come into her office to talk about it.
expecting. As you know, this was a very important report and
C: I disagree! I think first she 6 to
as you 4 for the 5 ,
them independently, to find out more about the problem.
I thought that you could 6 to do it. I can
see now that you couldn’t. This now puts me in a very B: Well, we agree that she 7. it.
difficult7 as I must present this report C: Absolutely! She ® that that was
in an important meeting on Monday. As you know, the ¡dea
only going to make the problem worse.
in this report has already attracted a lot of
8 from various managers, so it is very
important that we are clear about how we are going to
9 the new plan. I don’t think you have
explained the process at all well. You also haven’t mentioned
the10 that we expect to happen. I will
have to think about what11 to take
about this and I will need to talk to your manager. I am
now 12_ to work on this report myself
this weekend.
Keiran
Vocabulary 4 Complete the sentences using the
adjectives in brackets in the correct order.
Describing things 1 Mozzarella is a
cheese. (white, mild, Italian)
1 Choose the correct alternatives.
2 I saw a
1 My new computer was such good valué/pnce for money.
chairinthemarket this
2 I had to cali the helpline because I couldn't set/lost up the printer.
morning. (leather, lovely, red)
3 The problem with electric cars is that the battery doesn't lost/set long.
3 My car is the
4 My oíd cooker still works reaIly well, but it isn't very feature/stylish. one neartheexit.
5 I think the camera is the best/eoture/vo/i/eof my phone. It'samazing. (yellow, small, dirty)
6 These lights turn on and off reosonobly/outomaticallywhen you go in 4 My sister only likes
oroutof theroom. jewel lery.
7 This new washing machine has too many toogh/comp/ícotedíeatures. (silver, stylish, modern)
8 My new laptop is pretty heavy, which isn’t ideal/stylish for carrying 5 There's a
around. Fortunately I only use it at home. resta urant. (new, wonderul,
Spanish)
2 Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
6 It's a
building. (grey, strange,
automatically bargain decent designed lasted leather
reasonable room little)
7 Theygavemea
1 l'm vegetarían, so I would never buy shoes made of leather .
horse to ride. (oíd, big, brown)
2 l'm going to buy a more expensive laptop this time because my oíd one 8 Thatsan
only two years. mask. (original, Mexican, day)
3 I paid £200 pounds less than the usual pnce for this table and I got two 9 I've seen a pair of
extra chairs for f ree. What a I
socks in a shop.
4 Their car is nice, but there's only for two people. (woollen, lovely, long)
5 The computer comes with a amount of memory. 10 I have this really
6 This tent is reaIly well _ because you can pack it away into a pair of trainers
small bag. that I love. (comfortable, blue, oíd)
7 After 30 minutes,the device turns off .
5 Completethesentences with the
8 This phone screen is reaIly . I've dropped it three times, and
adjectives in the box.
it doesn't even have a scratch!
aneem black and white French little
ridiculous stone
Grammar
1 Petra is an enormous _.ancient city in
Adjective word order Jordán.
2 It's a really beautif ul, big oíd French
3 Rewrite the sentences so that the adjectives are in the correct order.
.. farmhouse.
1 It's a big American red car.
3 Rufus has bought a huge
.Z.t's...a.W
new Italian SUV.
2 I love your blue and orange Moroccan enormous carpet.
4 My f riend has moved to a lovely
oíd English village.
3 Have you seen Laila's big gold new ring? 5 My friend bought me an expensive matura
_ brandy for my birthday.
4 Harriets got a pair of grey fantastic leather boots. 6 I've got a smelly 20-year-old
cat called Oscar.
5 It's a wooden tiny beautif ul 1950s table.

6 Mr French always wears an oíd red disgusting jumper.

7 My neighbour has got a cute black and white little puppy.

8 I've just bought a lovely Italian big armchair for my apartment.

Functional language Listening
Offer and accept/decline 1 o ío.oi Listen to the conversation and choose the correct
summary.
1 Choosethecorrectalternatives.
a The people agree which sofá Jen should buy.
1 A:1 Would/ Con you like me to do that
b Jen decides which sofá to buy, though her friend doesn't agree with
foryou?
herchoice.
B: 2Pleose/Fine.
c The people can't find a suitable sofá forjen.
2 A: Need any3help/hond?
2 Listen again. Choose the correct option a, b or c.
B: It's OK. I can 4monage/offer.
1 Jenneedsasofathat...
3 A: 5Let/Sholl I make you a cup oí tea?
a isn't too small because her room is quite big.
B: That's very *kind/great but I had one
b isn't too small because she wants to sleep on it.
on thetrain.
c isn't too big because her room is quite small.
4 A: Can I give you a 7welcome/hond with 2 The Innsbruck sofá comes in...
thedeaning? a threedifferentcolours. b fourdifferentcolours.
B: Would you Qmonage/mind? c fivedifferentcolours.

5 A: Feel 9free/hoppy toputthe TV on. 3 Jenlikesthe...

a blue Innsbruck sofá. b red Innsbruck sofá,
B: That would be10 OK/great, thanks.
c green Innsbruck sofá.
2 Complete the sentences with one word 4 Jen can't buy the Innsbruck sofá because...
ineachgap. a it isn't big enough. b it isn't a sofá bed. c it's too expensive.
5 The Yale sofá is...
airport, ¡f you like. a cheaperthan the Innsbruck sofá.
2 Dorít . I'm OK. The taxi will be b about the same price as the Innsbruck sofá,
here in a minute. c more expensive than the Innsbruck sofá.
3 You're ___ to come shopping with 6 Jen doesn't want the Yale sofá because...
me if you need anything. a she doesn't like the colours. b it isn't a sofá bed.
4 I'm thanks. I'm not thirsty. c it isn't very stylish.

5 Are you you don't want me to 7 Jen thinkstheRockwellsofá is...

write down the directions for you? a reallyattractive. b reallycomfortable.

6 It's OK. There's no for you to c areallygoodbargain.

come with me to the bus stop. 8 Jen wants to buy a...Rockwell sofá.
a red b orange c pink
7 Thanks for the to make me
lunch, but I'm fine. 3 Listen again and complete the reviews.
8 me carry those bags for you.

Rachel

★★★★★ Great sofá!

I recently bought the Rockwell sofá and I love it! I bought it in my favourite
colour: bright1 . Amazing! It’s modern and 2 .
© Andrew

★★★☆☆ Could be better

The Rockwell sofá is a great sofá, but not a good 3 . A bit
disappointed.

Fran

★★☆☆☆ Too difficult to set up

I would not recommend this sofá. It looks great now it’s set up, but I had
a lot of problems trying to 4 . The sofá carne in 5
different pieces and the instructions were really 6 .

Katie

Poor quality!
I bought this sofá in 7 . It looked great, but only lasted for
8 . Had to spend the same money again to buy a new sofá.
Reading
1 Read the article. How does the writer feel about da Vinci's work?
a negative
b extremely positive
c a mix of positive and negative

2 Read the article again. Which of the following isn't mentioned?

a when Leonardo da Vinci lived
b where he carne f rom
c hisfamouspaintings

3 Complete the article with the words in the box.

artist explorers military engineer military leader philosopher

eonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an QJ In 1499, da Vinci travelled to Venice to work

incredible man who made a huge as a 4 in the war against

contribution to art and science during the Ottoman Empire. He planned to build
his lifetime. Most people become famous for something to control the flow of water into
one talent, but da Vinci had many talents. the Isonzo river valley. Another important idea
Some people think of him only as an was for divers to use underwater breathing
1 beca use he is famous for equipment to swim under the enemy’s ships
well-known paintings such as The Last Supper and make holes in these ships so that they
and The Mona Lisa. However, da Vinci often would sink.
didn’t complete the paintings he started. Only
15 paintings that we know were definitely H In 1502, da Vinci started to work for Cesare
painted by da Vinci exist today. Borgia. Cesare Borgia was a very powerful man,
and a 5 in the army. Da
QJ Although da Vinci isn’t known as a Vinci’s military inventions for Borgia included
2 > he was definitely a a machine gun, an army tank and a battleship.
great thinker. Did you know that he was the first However, very few of da Vinci’s inventions were
person to explain correctly why the sky is blue? successful. Some people believe that da Vinci
He also discovered why we can see the outline of deliberately designed these machines so that
the moon when only a thin banana shape is they wouldn’t work! Although his job was to
showing. Da Vinci wrote down his ideas in his design military machines, he did not want
notebooks. He wanted to keep these ideas these machines to be used to hurt others.
prívate, so he wrote with his left hand, writing
from right to left. The only way someone can Q Even though da Vinci didn’t complete many of
read da Vinci’s notes is if they use a mirror. his projects, there are hundreds of examples of
his extraordinary talent. Many of his ideas
Q Da Vinci invented ítems that couldn’t be made contributed to inventions which developed
in the 15th century because the technology during the following centuries. Da Vinci once
hadn’t been developed. He drew designs for a said that he would like to become famous so
flying machine, similar to an early helicopter. that he could be remembered for a long time.
He also developed a piece of equipment that Five hundred years later, everyone knows the
made it possible for 5 to ñame Leonardo da Vinci, and we will
breathe underwater. remember him long into the future.
 I

4 Read the text again and answer the questions. 6 Read the text. What was David learning about when he
According to the text... heard about the natural disaster?
1 How many oí da Vinci's paintings exist today?
Thirteen-year-old American schoolboy David Cohén has
shown that you have to be able to think differently if you
2 How did da Vinci keep his notes and ideas secret?
want to have great ideas. At school, David was learning
about worms and how they move. Then he heard about
a natural disaster which destroyed many buildings in a
nearby city. People were trapped under the buildings
3 Why was da Vinci's helicopter never built when he and it was difficult to rescue them. David wondered if it
wasalive? might be possible to design a robot worm that could go
under the ground and rescue people. He designed this
robot and won an award for it.
4 When did hetravel to Venice? After this success, David started work on designing a
5 Whogaveda Vinci a jobin 1502? different robot to solve another problem.
He thought about how mosquitos can carry dangerous
6 Why do some people think many of da Vinci's military diseases. He knew that mosquitos lay their eggs in
machines did not work? water and the chemicals we use to kill mosquitos
can pollute the water we drink. He thought it would
be a good idea to stop the mosquitoes from growing
up so that they couldn't fly and spread the diseases.
7 Why did da Vinci say he wanted to be famous? David designed a robot to collect and then kill young
mosquitos from the surface of the water before they
are oíd enough to fly.

7 Read the text again, and decide which of the

statements are true (T) or false (F).
1 David's first ¡dea was inspired by something he
studied.
2 He was involved in a natural disaster.
3 He created his first design because he wanted to
help people.
4 His first robot was designed to travel beneath
theearth.
5 People didn't recognise his achievement.
6 For his second invention, he studied another
animal.
7 His second robot was designed to do the same thing
as the first one.
8 His second invention may have a benefit for
people's health
9 Both of his designs carne from thinking about how
to solve problems.
 Choose an influential person. Describe who they are/
were, how they became famous and what they are
famous for. Explain the positive and negative impacts of
their achievements or actions.

Writing
1 Read the essay. Does the writer focus
mainly on the positive or negative
aspects of Shakespeare's achievements?

2 Read the essay again and complete 1-3

with sentences a-c.
a Shakespeare expanded the English
language.
b Shakespeare's influence on the English
language can still be seen (and heard)
today.
c Shakespeare lived in the 16th century
and became famous during his own
lifetime.

3 Read the essay again. Are the sentences

true(T)orfalse(F)?
1 Shakespeare only wrote plays.
2 The writer thinksthat Shakespeare
had a positive influence on the English
language.
3 Shakespeare was born in London.
4 Shakespeare didn't have any children. William Shakespeare is considerad one of the greatest English
language writers and poets. He wrote at least 37 plays and a collection
of poems, and his plays have been performed more often than the
5 Shakespeare joined The Lord plays of any other writer. In this essay, I will explain who Shakespeare
Chamberlain's Men in 1592. was, and why I think he was so influential. I will discuss his positive
6 Shakespeare's plays were performed influence on the development of English as a language and how this is
for both a king and queen. still relevant today.
7 Shakespeare invented 15,000 words.
1 He was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, a small market
town in England. He married Anne Hathaway in 1582 and they had
8 Academicsclaim that the English
three children together. He was lucky enough to have an education
language would be poorer if
and he moved to London in the hope of developing a writing career.
Shakespeare had never written his
Shakespeare's first plays seem to have appeared around 1592. In
plays.
1594 he joined a theatre group called The Lord Chamberlain's Men. In
9 Both Agatha Christie and Alfred
1599 he established the Globe Theatre so that the theatre group had
Hitchcock named some of their works
somewhere in London to perform regularly. As well as entertaining
after ph rases from Shakespeare's
the people of London, Shakespeare's plays were also performed at the
plays.
royal court in front of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I.
10 Many of Shakespeare's phrases are
used in everyday English. 2 Many of the English words and phrases that we use today first
appeared in Shakespeare's plays. It is estimated that he used over
15,000 words in his plays, and academics believe that he invented
many of them. They claim that Shakespeare's use of language was so
rich that if he hadn't written his plays, the English language would not
contain many of the words we use to say how we are feeling or how
to talk about our experiences.

3 It can be seen in the titles of popular songs, books, plays and

films, such as Agatha Christie's The Mousetrap and Alfred Hitchcock's
North byNorthwest, both of which have titles taken from
Shakespeare plays. Furthermore, his influence can also be seen in
thousands of English sayings, such as to have a heart ofgold.
Shakespeare has not only influenced what we read, but also the
English that we speak.
4 Find and complete these sentences from the essay. 8 Match sentences a-f from an essay
1 entertaining the people of London, Shakespeare's plays about computers with points 1-6 in the
were also performed at the royal court in f ront of Queen Elizabeth I and Focus box.
King James I. a Constant working at a computer screen
2 , his influence can also be seen in thousands of English has had a negative effect on many
sayings, such as to hove a heort ofgold. people's eyesight.
3 Shakespeare has influenced what we read b Childrenarebeingtaughthowtouse
the English that we speak. computers in kindergarten because
computer literacy has become the most
5 Match the sentence halves. important 21st century skill to have.
1 We use not only ...but olso and os well os c However, computers have had a
2 We use Furthermore, positive effect in terms of creating new
3 We use the -ing form industries, such as video games and
social media.
a to add an idea connected to the previous sentence.
d It is virtually impossible to switch off
b to link two ¡deas in the same sentence.
from work now that we have laptop
c af ter os we// os. computers and computers on our
phones, and I think this has made our
6 Complete the sentences using the words in bold to connect the ¡deas.
generation more stressed.
1 Shakespeare performed in front of Elizabeth I. He performed in front of
e The first mechanical computer was actually
James I.
invented in 1822 by Charles Babbage,
not only ...but also
with help from Ada Lovelace. 1
Shakespeare
f It would be a good idea to have timers
James I.
on our computers that makes them
2 He wrote tragedies. He wrote comedies and histories. automatically switch off after a couple
as well as of hours and to stay off for at least half
,Shakespeare an hour.
wrote comedies and histories.

3 Shakespeare wrote a lot of amazing plays. He wrote many beautiful poems.

Prepare
furthermore 9a You're going to write an essay in
Shakespeare wrote a lot of amazing plays. response to the essay question in
Exercise 1. Choose a person, living or
dead, who you think has been very
influential.
7 Read the Focus box and then do Exercise 8.
b Make notes using points 1-6 in the
Answering the essay question Focus box.
Before you start writing an essay, read the instructions carefully and
ask yourself these questions to make sure you write what you need to: c Plan your essay.
• What is the main topic of the essay? • Paragraph 1 (introduction):
• Is there a máximum number of things I should write about?
• Do I need to inelude any of the following?
-1 the background or history of something
- 2 the reasons why something happened/is happening • Paragraph 2:
-3 the effeets of an event, product or process
- 4solutions to a problem
• Should I give my opinión about whether something is 5positive or • Paragraph 3:
6negative?
• Is there a word limit?
In your answer, you need to make dear you are following the instructions by: • Paragraph 4 (conclusión):
• explaining in your introduction how you are going to answer and in
what order
• organising the essay into paragraphs
• using a sentence (usually at the start of a paragraph) to explain how 10 Write your essay using your notes from
the paragraph relates to the essay question. Write
Exercise 9 and the ideas in the Focus box
to help you.
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[email protected]
 ANSWER KEY

3 5
UNITl Ib 2b 3a 4b 5b 6a 7c 8b 1 traditional 2 cosy 3 eco-friendly

D
1
1 vegetarían 2 service 3 allergic 4 terrace
4
1 Last night I went to watch a ballet, which was
brilliant.
2 I threw a party for Rachel, whose birthday is
next week.
4 bright 5 stylish 6 original 7 ancient
8 smooth
6
The Skateboard House
7
3 Samira went to the opera in París, where she
5 spicy 6 delicious 7 packed 8 set menú la 2a 3b 4a 5c 6c 7a
saw Tosca
2 4 I queued behind a lot of people, most of whom
1 packed 2 set menú 3 vegetarían already had tickets. Writing
4 delicious 5 spicy 6 terrace 7 heaters 5 I stayed up late last night, which is why I was i
8 valué tired this morning./l stayed up late last night, 1 informal 2 formal 3 formal 4 formal
3 which meant I was tired this morning. 5 informal 6 informal 7 formal 8 formal
1 l'm allergic to cheese. 6 John studied in Madrid, where he met his
2
2 Mysister isa vegetarían. girlfriend.
1 Formal: Tina is confirming a reservation of six
3 Sha111 book in advance for dinner on Saturday 7 We're going to miss the last metro, which
bedrooms.
night? means we'll have to catch a taxi.
2 Informal: She's confirming details of the
4 We had fantastic service last night./ 8 Dan and I went to a café before the show,
weekend to herfriends and family.
The service was fantastic last night. which didn't start until three o'dock.
5 Wewaited ages for atable. 3
6 The set menú costs/is £15. 1 F They'recelebratingthe25thanniversary.
7 They have definitely put up the pnces. 2 T
8 I think the place would suit everyone. 3 T
1 4 F Sheasksthehoteltogiveherroomswitha
4 view of the garden.
1 order 2 place 3 fancy 4 top 5 valué Ie2f3a4d5b6g7h8c
5 F She asks the hotel to make special
6 plenty 2 arrangements for her grandmother.
5 Ib2f3a4g5d6e7h8c 6 T
Id 2a 3 e 4 b 5f 6c 7 T
6
Listening 8 F She asks friendstosend herphotographs
1 for a special álbum she's making.
1 that/which 2 who 3 in 4 to 5 to
6 next 7 where 8 to c 4
2
1 Email 2 2 Email 1 3 Email 1 4 Email 2
5 Email 2 6 Email 1
1 Nightson Earth 2 two 3 polar
3 5
Formal requests:
1 F Peopledosleepalot.
1 / was wondering if we could...
2 F ... we still have to work and go to school.
Ib 2a 3a 4c 5c 6a 7c 8b I would be most grateful ifyou could...
3 F Some people get very sad in the winter
2 months in Finland.
Do you think you could possibly...?
1 landlord 2 tidy 3 knockdown 4 storage 4 T These are really powerful and they make
Wouldyou mind... ?
5 tiny 6 freezing 7 cost 8 do Would it be possible to...?
your brain beHeve it is daytime.
5 T ...youhavetokeepbusy Informal requests:
3
1 The city is a lot more exciting than the village. 6 F ... especiallyfor visitors who aren't used to it Please email me back...
2 This place is in slightly better condition than 7 T ... for two months in the summer,July and Can you let me know mind if... ?
August, the sun neversets. Could you send them over tome...?
my lastapartment.
3 Chelsea is far more lively than other 8 F l/l/e might go swimming in the lake, go 6
neighbourhoods. hiking, canoeing,fishing... 1 grateful 2 possible 3 wondering 4 mind
4 l'd like to I i ve somewhere a bit cheaper than 4 5 think 6 Could 7 you 8 Please
here. 1 rise 2 two 3 November 4 January 7
5 The bedroom is even tinier than the living room. 5 summer 6 set 7 two 8 night 1 F: DearSir/Madam I: H¡ everyone
6 This apartment isn't nearly as expensive as my 2 F: I am writing to confirm...
brother's.
Reading I: Justaquickemailtosay...
4 3 F:none I: WeTe/l've/rm/ril/it's
1
1 slightly 2 a lot 3 much 4 quite 5 even 4 F: Best regards I: Cheers
b
6 far 8 and 9
2
5 Students' own answers
1 c 2 a 3 b
1 My parents' house is much bigger than mine.
2 correct 3
3 My neighbourhood is a bit quieter than some 1 California, USA 2 three 3 furniture UNIT2
areas. 4 Tokyo,Japan 5 three 6 height
4 This apartment isn't nearly large enough for 7 ancient 8 Warsaw, Poland 9 artist
all ofus. 10 92 cm 11 two
5 correct 4
6 Kerry's apartment is much tidier than Martin's. 1 Because they have clear ¡deas about their 1
7 The bedroom at the back of the house isn't dream homes. 1 out 2 on 3 at 4 of 5 at 6 over
quite as big as the bedroom at the front. 2 He's a former world skateboarding champion. 7 to 8 of
8 correct 3 Everywhere: up the walls, on the ceiling and on
2
the furniture.
Id2h3a4b5f6c7e8g
4 All energy in the house comes from the sun
and the wind. 3
5 Because it has got huge Windows instead of 1 develop 2 training 3 improve 4 skilled
1 walls. 5 expert 6 interested 7 challenge 8 keen
1 in 2 out 3 till 4 up 5 in 6 on 7 to 6 From an ancient Japanese belief that trees are 4
8 up very important. 1 I train at the sports centre every Tuesday and
2 7 Because he chose to bu i Id it in a tiny space Thursday.
1 talking 2 queue 3 throwing 4 celébrate between two buildings. 2 correct
5 episode 6 worth 7 missed 8 fortune 8 He used glass brick walls. 3 Ashanti is downloading an app atthe moment.
9 home 10 play 4 Do you understand what I mean?
5 The word 'expert' means someone who is 3 5
good at something. 1 safety 2 fire 3 carpark 4 department 1 c 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 c 6 b 7 a 8 b
6 correct 5 First aid 6 Unión 7 Strict 8 formal
6
7 Yin and Michael belong to a golf club. 9 shifts 10 Break
i g 2 d 3 f 4 h 5 a 6 b 7 c 8 e
8 correct
7
5 Reading 1 Rh 2 R 3 Rh 4 Rh 5 R 6 R 7 Rh
1 are, doing 2 hate 3 'mhaving
1 8 Rh
4 'm doing 5 'mgoing 6 are doing 7 feel
c
8 don'tthink 9 isn't 10 Do,want 8-10
2 Students' own answers
a3b2cld4e5
3
1 artide 2 true 3 report 4 quickly UNIT3
1 5 mustn't be too big 6 quickly
1 flexible 2 time 3 strict 4 formal 4
5 casual 6 health 7 fire 8 first
Ib 2b 3a 4c 5a 6a 7b 8c
2 5
Ib 2c 3b 4c 5a 6c 7b 8a 1
1 Repeat an action again and again until you can If2c3a4g5b6e7h8d
3 do it.
1 Most people tend to get to the office by 9 a.m. 2 The more you practise, the more highly skilled 2
2 We regularly offer first a id courses to staff. you will become at any activity. 1 tour 2 medieval 3 restored 4 steep
3 This computer has a habit of crashing. 3 2008 5 view 6 climb 7 nature reserve 8 cliff
4 We have unión meetings from time to time. 4 They were asked to leam how to control a 3
5 As a rule, there's a strict policy on recyding. computer with a new type of mouse. 1 A: Have you ever been toFrance?
6 Philippe doesn't tend to take time off in January. 5 That the people who practised in a slightly B: Yes, l've been four times.
7 Employees normally wear casual dothes on different way the second time did twice as 2 A: Have you ever been to the ancient temple?
Fridays. well as the people who practised in exactly the B: No, I haven't, but I'd love to go sometime.
8 We don't tend to work after 6 p.m. same way the second time. 3 A: Have you visited the hotsprings?
4 6 They help us understand how the brain B: No, but l'm thinking of going tomorrow.
la 2a 3b 4a 5a 6b 7b 8a remembers information and learns new things. 4 A: Have you lookedaround the coal mine?
7 He's the scientist who led the research. B: No, but it's supposed to be very interesting.

>
1
le 2b 3b 4b 5c 6a 7a 8a
8 It could help people who have hurt the i r backs

6
or their brains and who have to leam to walk or
talk again.

1 expert 2 prove 3 session 4 research

5 A:

4
A:
B:
B:
Have you dimbed that steep mountain yet?
No, but l'm going todo it tomorrow.

Have you ever been toltaly?

Yeah, l've been three times.
5 improvement 6 leisure 7 technique A: Oh, OK. Have you ever visited Rome?
2
8 recover B: Yeah, I spent three weeks there last August.
1 I broke my arm when we were on holiday in
I did a tour around the city while I was there.
Greece in 2014.
2 correct Writing It was amazing there.
A: Did you gofo Granada last summer?
3 I used to live/lived in Spain when I was a i B: No, but it's supposed to be wonderful. I'd
child. 1 informal 2 friend 3 news love togo sometime.
4 Julia never used to play the piano.
2 A: l'm thinking of going nextyear. l'm going to
5 correct
1 F Long time, no see. book itthis weekend!
6 One time, I saw a jeIlyfish in the sea!

>
2 F l/l/e've just come backfrom holiday. l/i/e
7 correct
spent two weeks in Croada
8 Did you use to walk to school when you were
3 T I was happy because I managed to finish
a child?
three whole books!
3 4 F Jaber was happy because he got togo 1
1 control 2 forcé 3 watch 4 arrangements running every day. 1 research 2 causes 3 cells 4 invested
5 let 6 authority 7 manners 8 trouble 5 F ...the kids were happy because they 5 cure 6 explored 7 risk 8 genes
4 enjoyed the water sports, though I think
2
Ih2f3g4b5e6c7a8d they got a bit bored by the end.
le 2c 3a 4b 5c 6a
6 T Let's get a date in the diaryfor lunch or
5 dinnersoon. 3
Ib2c3f4g5h6e7d8a 7 F Marta's company has wonan award. 1 identifying genes 2 Solar power
8 T Dominio is well and has just had a 3 global birth rate 4 earthquake
promotion at work. 5 increased dramatically 6 fallen steadily
9 F The kids are fine, but lean never get Tom 7 predict
ojfhisphone! 4
1 10 F We're about to be taken over by Kliemens 1 a has been studying b hasread
1 Listen 2 got 3 actually 4 toleave and Sons. 2 a have been doing b havewon
5 been 6 off 7 up 8 run 11 T I think that some people will be made 3 a has predicted b has been researching
2 redundant. 4 a has been travelling b has visited
1 Sorry to interrupt, but I need to get going. 12 T I mightsee ifthereareanyjobsatMartins
Harris because I heard that they're 5
2 I'vegotadassat6.30.
expanding. 1 have read/'ve read
3 Mytrain isaboutto leave.
2 have been reading/'ve been reading
4 Itwasgreattocatch up. 4 3 have been/'ve been
5 Sorry to rush off like this. 1 Long time, no see! 4 have been looking
6 Enjoy the restof yourevening! 2 The landscape wasstunning! 5 haveagreed
7 Seeyou soon. 3 We went for long walks and ate lots of 6 have known/'ve known
deliciousfood. 7 has he been playing
Listening He woke up every morning at 6 a.m., so he could 8 hastheauthorwritten
go for a run along the beach before breakfast! 9 have/'ve been working
1
I'd definitely like to go back one day, but maybe 10 have scientists discovered
cand d
notwith the kids.
2
1 It's an induction meeting to give new
employees information about company
policies.
2 The meeting isfairly informal.
Also, the kids were happy because they
enjoyed the water sports, though I think they
got a bit bored by the end.
It was a good holiday because there was
something for everyone.
>
1
la 2c 3c 4a 5b 6b
3 Camilla is the Staff Manager. 4 We spent two weeks in Croatia - it was so
4 George hasjustjoined the computing relaxing! 2
department. 5 How are things with you? 1 are required to/'re required to
5 It's on the fourthfloor. Have you been away yet this summer? 2 are allowed to/'re allowedto
6 Can you believe that? 3 are supposed to/'re supposed to
Who knows?
4 aren't required to 8 4
5 aren't supposedto Advantages: They are renewable so they won't 1 'd been, met 2 realised, had got in
6 aren't allowedto run out; They don't produce as much pollution as 3 remembered, had already closed
3 oiI and gas when they are burned. 4 'd been, realised 5 'd never, read
Ig2f3c4a5h6d7b8e Disadvantages: They aren't as efficient as oil and 6 was, 'd left
gas, so we have to produce more of them; Making 5
4 them uses a lot of water and energy at the moment.
Ig2a3e4f5b6h7d8c 1 The gang had disappeared by the time the
pólice arrived.
5 Writing 2 The woman got away in a blue car after she
1 swear 2 fine 3 respect 4 access had robbed the garage.
5 bilí 6 privacy 7 return 8 charge 1
a Summaryl b Summary2 3 Laura was terrified because she had never
been the victim of a crime before.
2 4 Ava didn't realise someone had stolen her
1 F ... studying and living abroad is the only way phone until she got home.
to become a global leader. 5 She was on the train when she remembered
1 2 F ... manyAmerican degrees don’tofferan that she hadn't locked the door.
1 what 2 kind 3 cali 4 mean 5 heard international part of their course. 6 The robber had to go to hospital because she
6 stand 7 exactly 8 for 3 T had been bitten by the guard dog.
4T 7 Nobody noticed that Sam had left the party
2 5 F ... young women are twice as likely to use
Ig2h3a4e5c6d7b8f until the disco started.
social media as a way ofcampaigning on 8 The detectives had to get things right this time.
issues They had already made too many mistakes.
Listening ... young men are twice as likely to use it to
communicate with politicians 6
1 1 had already heard 2 was 3 had broken
a 6 T
4 had stolen 5 had lit 6 had attacked
2 3a 7 were 8 hadseen 9 asked 10 had
1/ 2 X 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 X

>
1 T ... I'veneverbeen to South Africa.
2 F ... Iworkedin anature reserve. 3b
3 F ... No, Ihaven't. le 2a 3c 4b 5d
4 T ...Oh, andyou could visitone ofthe oldest
5
buildings in South Africa - The Castle of 1
argües discusses claims goesontosay
Good Hope. 1 loan 2 cracked 3 sortout 4 delivered
talks about lists endswith explains
5 F ... I've got no idea! 5 screen 6 overcharged 7 wi-fi
6 T ... She’ll get bored if we’re on the beach all day. 6 8 guarantee
7 F ... No, we haven't, but we'd love to. 1 explains 2 talks about 3 lists 4 discusses
8 T ... /love it. It'sfullof interestingspices and 5 claims 6 endswith 7 goesontosay 2
8 argües 9 emphasisesthefact 10 lists 1 refund 2 fault 3 gone 4 gears
flavours.
5 sort 6 guarantee 7 exchange
3 7 and 8
1 four 2 three 3 40 4 17th 5 two Students' own answers 3
1 up 2 off 3 back 4 out 5 with 6 for
6 three 7 three 8 hundreds
4
Reading UNIT4 la 2b 3b 4a 5a 6b 7a 8b

1
It's an article about the discoveries of young
scientists.
2
>
1
5
1 Greg said that he had got a great deal on his
phone.
2 I asked if the engine had gone.
3 Gina told me that I should take my tablet back
1 F Jackstarteddoinghisresearchinaschool la 2a 3a 4b 5b 6a 7b 8a and get a refund.
laboratory. 4 She asked if she could have a discount.
2
2 T 5 The sales assistant explained that my
1 Jane was looking in her bag when she walked
3 F Heworkedafterschool,atweekendsand guarantee had ended.
into the streetlight.
during the holidays. 6 Bob said that they would begettinga
2 correct
4 F Finally, he developed a new test for cáncer delivery of new parts soon.
3 Ellie accidentally picked up another woman's
5 F ... she decided to develop afuel using plants 7 The man at the store said that it isn't/wasn't
bag because she thought it was her bag.
that she grew in her bedroom. my fault that it had broken.
4 I was talking on the phone when I smelled the
6 F She created her own laboratory... under her 8 I explained that it was making a funny noise.
pizza burning in the oven.
bed.
5 As I was lighting the barbecue, my hair
7 T
caughtfire.
8 T
6 correct
3 7 I was trying an expensive perfume in a shop
1 He discovered a new test for a particular type when my phone rang and the bottle slipped 1
of cáncer cell. out of my hand. 1 That's wonderful news.
2 15yearsold 8 correct 2 When willyou hear?
3 Because it's less expensive and more likely 3 I hope itall goesOK.
to find the cáncer cells than any other tests
3
4 I bet you're reaIly excited.
1 was 2 washurrying 3 was looking
which have been used. 5 Well, you sound Iike you've made up your mind.
4 got 5 slipped 6 fell 7 tried 8 hadto
4 Atthe Intel International Science and 6 I bet you're reaIly angry.
Engineering Fair 4 7 When did you hear about it?
5 She discovered a fuel using the plants that 1 slipped 2 flooded 3 spilt 4 caught 8 I hope you getthejob.
growin ponds. 5 knocked 6 crashed 7 measured
2
6 17yearsold 8 turned
Ie2g3a4b5d6h7c8f
7 Because it shows how in the future plants 5
could be used as fuel instead of o i I or gas.
8 the Intel Science Talent Search prize
le 2a 3a 4a 5b 6a
Listening
4 1
1 B 2 J 3 S 4 J 5 S 6 J 7 B a (Jude was a victim of crime. Kim's friend was a
9 S 10 J victim of crime, but Kim wasn't.)
5 1 2
1 d 2 e 3 a 4 g 5 f 6 c 7 b Ic2f3d4g5h6e7b8a 1 T I was walkingdown the highstreet with my
2 friend.
6 2 F ... o motorbike with two people on it come
1 b 2 d 3 a 4 c 1 gang, broke into 2 arrested, get away
3 witness, victim 4 theft, daimed outofnowhere
7 5 attack, victim 6 trialfreed 3 F It had her laptop in it.
Sara Voltz 4 T Did she get her laptop back?/No.
3 5 T Isupposeitwaspartlymy fault.
1 reported 2 jail 3 daimed 4 trap 6 T / was in París, near the Eiffel Tower.
5 freed 6 worth 7 attack 8 victim 7 F / bet it ruinedyour holiday./It did a bit.
8 F Was your passport in your backpack?/ 2
Luckily, it wasn't. UNIT5 1 F l'mintheprocessofopeninganew
3 restaurant.
1 Herbagwithherlaptopinit. 2 F Iwaschattingwithacheffriend ...andwe
2 Shewasupsetandangry. realised we'd created a great ¡dea for a new
3 They had to report the crime to the pólice. restaurant of our own.
1 3 F ... rightin the centre of the oíd town.
4 He was a bit embarrassed about it.
la 2b 3b 4c 5b 6c 7a 8b 4 F It's going to be called ‘Green Shoots'.
5 Onthechairnextto him.
6 She spilt a bit of her drink on his leg. 2 5 T Foraging is when youfind and collectfood
7 Quite a lot of money and some souvenirs. 1 took over 2 profit 3 competitor 4 field that is growing naturally...
8 Because he just wanted to forget about the 5 wages 6 expand 7 launch 8 export 6 F .../'// buy the rest of the food from localfarms.
crime. 7 F ... the builders realised... that the ceiling
3 wasn't safe.
1 a 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 a 6 b 7 a 8 a
8 F ... we're having a launch party on 23rd August.
Reading 4 3
1 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 a 5 c 6 c 7 a 8 b
la 2a 3b 4b 5a 6a
c 9 b
2
1 Greta 2 Laila 3 Johnny 4 Cosmo
Reading
5 Johnny/Greta 6 Laila 7 Cosmo 1
b
3 1
1 F Ihadto waitanothereighthoursinthe 2
1 I haven't finished my research yet. a5b2c3dle4
airportfor the nextflight and I had to pay 2 She's just started a new job.
for a new ticket. 3 My sister has had five different jobs so far. 3
2 T / had a morning flightbackthe next day... 4 Sue has even thrown away her TV. 1A2F3C4-5B6D7-8E
3 T Now I feel lonely and stressed and íve lost 5 We've already visited three different capital
all my confidence.
4
cities. 1 society
4 F / can’t tell my parents because they are so 6 We've only been to two countries in Europe. 2 Because the organisation of families has
proud that l'm studying. 7 We still haven't decided where to go next year. changed and technology has advanced.
5 F The rabbithascaused a lotofdamageto 8 The students have already left the party. 3 Eatingdinnerwiththeirfamily.
herflat.
2 4 Too much time spent on devices.
6 F Ijust don’tknowwhat todo!
la 2b 3b 4a 5b 6c 7b 5 Doingjobs/choresathome.
7 F When ithappened, I had beenworkingformy
6 girls 7 travelling 8 abroad
dad's bestfriend's company for about a year. 3
8 T Because I hadn't realised what id done, 1 struggling 2 quit 3 changemymind 5
I pressed ’empty trash' too! 4 offered 5 wentahead 6 gotridof 1 process 2 influence 3 access
7 sortedout 8 graduating 4 well-being 5 limit 6 lack 7 chores
4
8 open-minded
1 ¡II 2 reading 3 confusing 4 pleasedwith 4
5 weatherwas bad 6 damagedthings 1 date 2 ceremony 3 permission 6
7 removed 8 didn't 4 destination 5 agreed 6 nothing chores around the home
5 5 7
1 inconvenient 2 misread 3 stressed 1 sortout 2 gradúate 3 struggle 4 date 1 businesswoman 2 good
4 jealous 5 proud 6 files 7 delete 5 ceremony 6 possession 7 destination 3 didn't perform well
8 destroying 4 didn't put pressure on 5 positive
6
1
7
1
Greta

as'a nightmare'
>
1
positive: succeed, give individual attention,
6 chores todo 7 thinks 8 isalso

Writing
1
2 dothesand shoes b
raise standards, encourage someone,
3 afish 2
maintain discipline
4 a carpet (or a rug), an umbrella 1 However 2 While 3 As well as
negative: be put off something,
5 The person needs a carpet or a rug because 4 Forexample 5 Inshort 6 I believe
put pressure on someone, perform badly
the rabbit made holes in the oíd carpet;
The person needs an umbrella so that he/she 2 3
le 2b 3a 4c 5a 6b 7b 8c c
doesn't have to shelter in a shop next time
it rains. 3 4
Ih2f3c4e5d6g7b8a 1B2A3D4C
Writing 4 5
i 1 correct IB 2 C 3 D
1 when 2 but 3 However 4 As 5 Then 2 correct 6
6 Assoonas 7 By the time 8 Despite 3 Apparently, 80% of people in my yearfailed The writer of this essay thinks that the benefits
2 atleastoneexam. of homeworking outweigh the disadvantages.
4 James wanted to go to Sussex University,
1 writer's 2 Onlyone person experiences 7
but unfortunately, he wasn't accepted.
3 couldn't 4 shark 5 dropped Id2f3a4e5c
5 correct
6 didn't attack 7 didn't attack 8 took
8
6 correct
3 7 Generally, girls do betterthan boys in UK 1 b 2 a
Ib 2c 3a 4c 5b 6a 7b 8c schools. 9
5 8 correct 1 While 2 However 3 However 4 While
1 in the sea 5 While
2 the writerand a whale
10 and 11
3 sharp, strange, enormous, beautiful, friendly,
Students' own answers
amazing
4 softly 1
5 likeasharpknifethroughbutter 1 I don'tsee it likethat.
6 Panic made me want to swim but my head told 2 l'm not so sure that's true 3 Iguess UNIT6
me not to move; I began laughing and crying at 4 Isupposeso 5 Ikindofagree 6 Fairpoint
the same time. 2
6 Ib 2c 3a 4a 5c 6a
Ic2e3h4b5g6a7d8f 1
7-9 Listening 1 of 2 me 3 in 4 off 5 off 6 over
Students' own answers i 2
1 scene 2 series 3 special effeets
4 ending 5 dialogue 6 episode 7 filming
8 blockbuster
3 5 Anystatisticinthereporte.g.:
1 tense 2 hilarious 3 dull 4 useless Onlyfourteen percent of people over the age
5 isafanof 6 characters of35 share photos of themselves once a week
4 1 ormore.
1 really 2 afraid 3 would 4 impossible 6 Any example with contrasting words: while,
1 The series isshown every Wednesday
5 make 6 least 7 understanding 8 worry whereas or compared to, e.g.:
at8 p.m.
Older people are more likely to share photos of
2 The special effects were done in the studio. 2
holidays, while it is popularfor young people
3 Famous TV programmes get made in this 1 l'm terribly sorry, but I can't come to the project
to share selfies.
studio. meeting tomorrow.
In this example, the things that young and
4 Actors are being paid more than they used 2 Honestly, I really can't get out of it.
3 There is really nothing I can do about it at this
older people share are being contrasted.
to be.
point.
7 People of all ages enjoy sharing images online.
5 Only one episode had been made before the
Young people like share images to show
series was cancelled. 4 Thesethings happen.
others how happy they are.
6 This scene is going to be cut from the episode. 5 Let me assure you that it won't happen again.
6 Itis whatitis. 8 The survey results suggest thot...
7 The new series will be filmed in Europe.
8 This episode has been produced in two weeks. 7 I can only apologise. 3
8 l'll make it a priority. 1 were interviewed 2 asked 3 while
5
4 third 5 appears 6 majority 7 compared
1 Many new TV programmes are made every
year. Listening 8 suggest
2 The actor had been offered lots of parts before 1 4
this one. c Ic2b3d4a5h6e7f8g
3 This TV programme was produced very well. 5 and 6
4 Some actors get/are pa id millions of dollars for 2
1 This Beautiful World 2 Martín Harris Students' own answers
every film.
5 That character is going to be killed off in the 3 Trueor Terrible 4 Australia
next episode. 5 TheSound Garden 6 Los Angeles
6 This episode has been cut up into short 7 DerekSams 8 The Day ofArrival UNIT7
scenes. 3
7 That scene is being filmed at the moment. 1 F ... / was nearly in tears...
8 The new streaming service will be used by 2 T Itwassosadandsowellacted.
millions of people next year. 3 F Last night, this singer got voted off.
4 T / like TV programmes that are well written 1
1 f 2 a 3 b 4 e 5 d 6
and characters that you can believe in.
5 T It was a drama about two brothers... They 2
run a restaurant together. 1 d 2 g 3 a 4 f 5 h 6
1 6 F lwouldn'twasteyourmoneyonit. 3
1 replace 2 deliver 3 assessed 4 fixed 7 T It'sjustsoexpensive. 1 broke 2 throat 3 bruised
5 did 6 removed 7 lookat 8 made 8 T Well, id rather watch films in bed on my 4 allergic reaction 5 stiff 6
laptop.
2 4
1 convenient 2 outof 3 on 4 mess 1 My dad has pains in his chest but he's refusing
5 efficient 6 useless 7 trust 8 reliable Reading to see a doctor.
9 reasonable 1 2 I keep getting a pain in my knee.
3 Articles A and E feature positive news. 3 correct
Ih2a3b4e5c6g7d8f 2 4 correct
1C2D3B4E5A 5 I don't enjoy going to the doctor's.
4
6 correct
1 has/getshernailsdone 3 7 I hope to be out of hospital by next week.
2 'm/am having/getting my car fixed 1C2B3E4D5A 8 I tried to find some information about the
3 had/got a tooth removed
4 disease on the internet.
4 had/got his nose broken
1 Scientists now understand the genes of 5
5 had/got her passport taken away
some cancers. 11b,2a 21 a,2b 31 a,2b 41b,2a
6 have/get his tyre replaced
2 Doctors will be able to identify which patients

>
7 've/have had/got my hair done/
are most likely to benefit from new drugs.
've been having/getting my hair done
3 Several former employees have said this.
5 4 The company might have hidden the money
1 I had mytoenails done lastweek. in bank accounts abroad.
2 correct 1
5 They've been advised to check transport
3 corred 1 I betthey'll buya new car.
websites for more information before they
4 We had some Chínese food delivered an 2 Do you think Elisa married him for his money?
travel.
hourago. 3 I wonderif Matteams more than me.
6 It will probably last until Sunday evening.
5 corred 4 Poppy said she would buy dinner tonight.
7 Hewasdrivingtoofast.
6 He got/had his wallet stolen yesterday. 5 I imagine that he's finding it difficult to pay
8 Because if he hadn't slowed down, she would
7 We're having our house painted at the hisrent.
have been killed.
moment. 6 Did you say you'd nearly saved enough
9 Profits have risen by 8 percent.
8 Diane gets her car cleaned every month. money?
10 They closed several local banks and hundreds
7 We realised we couldn't afford the new fíat.

>
of employees lost their jobs.
8 I don't think I should buy another pa i r of
5 shoes.
1 Dr Simón Burrows 2 Northover&Co 9 Do you know where we're meeting Lisa?
3 MorganPeters 4 TomPeterson 10 Chris doesn't know when he'll get a pay
1 5 Chesterham United 6 Teresa Raymond increase.
Ic2g3h4a5f6b7e8d
7 NewMarketLtd 8 RiverRowe
2 6 1 that 2 if 3 when 4 Do 5 that 6 Do
1 unión 2 quit 3 breakthrough
1 identify 2 benefit 3 overseas 4 accounts 7 where 8 if
4 opinión poli 5 scandal 6 profits
5 flood 6 pedestrian 7 profits 8 increase
7 sentence 8 strike 3
1 b 2 c 3b 4a 5a 6c 7a 8 c
3
1 there's a good chance it will
Writing 4
2 It'sboundto 3 might 4 definitely won't 1 1 tobuy 2 earning 3 afford 4 tolend
5 it's fai rly likely that it will b 5 take 6 paid 7 owe 8 towin
6 He definitely won't 7 He might 2 5
8 It'll definitely 1 The survey is about sharing images online. 1 earnings 2 debt 3 payment 4 wealth
4 2 Ittook place last February. 5 rate 6 afford
la 2a 3b 4b 5b 6a 7a 8b 3 A hundred people between the ages of 18
and 65.
4 There are differences between young and
oíd people when it comes to why they share
photographs.
>
1
the height of the buildings, fi refig hters,
3
1 appointment 2 patients 3 hygiene
4 can't stand 5 a matterof lifeordeath
6 operation 7 social club 8 sociable 1
4 1 Please talk to me whenever you need to.
trafile jams, emergeney fire services, tire engines, 2 Takethis with you wherever you go.
b
the site of a fire, fire services, jet skis, jet packs, 3 Whatever the time, Yasmin is always ready to
fire hose 5 talk.
le 2 a 3 d 4 b
2 4 Richard is nasty to me whenever I see him.
1 It doesn't seem right that buses ¡n the UK don't 5 However hard Kamil works, he never does well
have seat belts. Writing in exams.
2 correct 1 6 Wherever Marissa goes, people love her!
3 correct Email 1 is formal. Email 2 is informal. 7 My dad is always reliable, whatever the
4 correct situation.
5 The queue at passport control was enormous.
2 8 Whoever you speak to, you should be polite.
I on 2 at 3 off 4 at 5 ahead 6 after
6 To hire a caryou need to have a driving 2
7 up 8 by 9 by 10 in 11 on 12 on
licence. la 2c 3a 4b 5b 6a 7b 8b
7 I parked the car and Mum went to get the car 3
park ticket. Email 1 3
8 The traffic noise is deafening on Station Road. 1 T The taxis are right outside the station but 1 however 2 whenever 3 whatever
the buses are 100 metres away. 4 Wherever 5 whoever 6 however
3 7 Whenever
2 F
1 carcrash 2 bus stop 3 petrol station
3 T Goallthewaytotheseafront... 4
4 shoppingbags 5 publictransport
4 T Clarence Villa is on the fourth street on 1 politlcally 2 reliable 3 racist
6 traffic laws 7 breakdown service
your left, just after the Majestic Hotel. 4 confidence 5 calm 6 willing 7 nasty
8 lorrydrivers
5 F The meter isabouthalfwayup the street. 8 bright
4 6 T
1 driving test 2 footpath 3 petrol station 5
Email 2 1 sweet 2 talented 3 difficult 4 active
4 flattyre 5 lorry driver
7 F Don't think l've sent you directionstomy 5 generous 6 strict 7 patlent 8 reliable
6 breakdown service 7 motorbike helmet newflat.
5
1 control 2 gear 3 crashed 4 helmet
5 fine 6 park 7 points 8 pulledout
9 engine 10 brake
8 T ... get the District Line to East Putney...
and keep wolking for about 200 metres.
9 F you'll passa French restauranton your left
- don’t stop to eat there! It’s very expensive.
10 T It's a side street, so make sure you don't
>
1
Ie2h3d4g5a6b7c8f
miss it!
II F l'm right at the topof the building! 2
12 T SeeyouonSunday. 1 retired 2 mortgage 3 partner
1 4 graduated 5 pregnant 6 birth 7 married
4
1 way 2 supposed 3 nothing 4 me 8 together
Email 1
5 appreciate 6 strlctly 7 could 8 helpful 1-4 any of the following: seafront, the dock 3
2 tower, The George pub, the racecourse, 1 a, death 2 g, retirement 3 c, engagement
1 Let me see what I can do. the park, St Cuthbert's Church, Brighton Pier, 4 h, separation 5 b, divorce 6 f, pregnaney
2 I really appreciate it. the Majestic Hotel 7 e, marriage 8 d, graduation
3 Isthere really nothing you can do? 5 Walk straight aheadfor about 100 metres. 4
4 You'd be doing me a huge favour. 6 ... follow the edge of the park for about 1 Once 2 Assoonas 3 until 4 When
5 Let me speak to my manager. 300 metres. 5 After 6 until 7 after 8 before
6 Ican'tthankyouenough. 1 ... you'll be able to see the sea ahead ofyou.
8 You should be able to see Brighton Pier to the 5
right. 1 arrived 2 graduation 3 retired
Listening 4 isn'tgoingto look 5 announced
Email 2 6 marriage 7 is going to move/is moving
1 1 French restaurant
c 8 have/'ve paid off

>
2 post box
2 3 ... keep wolking for about 200 metres.
1 F I got back onSaturday. 4 ... keep wolking in the same direction for
2 F It'sjust south of the Yangtze River. another500 metres.
3 T Have you been to Venice then? 5 Ifyou're standing with your back to the
Yes, I have actually. station...
1
1 calling 2 through 3 How 4 ringing
4 F And ofcoursethefamousvaporetti, 6 Ifyou’re facing the house...
5 do 6 problem 7 if 8 hold
which is the water taxi... 5
Góndolas are justfor tourists. 2
1 entrance 2 facing 3 off 4 direction
5 F l've been to Mexcaltitán in México. 1 reached 2 for 3 ringing 4 wondered
5 subway 6 roundabout 7 halfway
6 T It's built on a man-made island. 5 to 6 extensión 7 interested 8 know
8 fork 9 approach 10 side
7 F l'd really HketogotoGanvieinBenin.
8 F The peoplewho livetheretravel around in Listening
conoes called pirogues.
UNIT8 1
3 b
1 7,000 2 118 3 1,600 4 400 5 800
6 3,000 2
le 2b 3b 4b 5a 6a 7b 8a

Reading 1 3
1 Because her mother is English, her father is
i Ic2a3h4g5b6d7f8e
Spanish and she grew up in Italy, so they spoke
1 Ben 2 Catherlne 3 Jemima 4 Yurl 2 aíl three languages at home.
5 Loulse 1 natural dlsasters 2 floods 2 Because she grew up surrounded by books in
2 3 climatechange 4 consuming 5 recyde her house.
1 Because they need help immediately and
6 waste 7 pollution 8 reproducing 3 To see if she could write a good book and get it
don't have time to make an appointment.
9 prevent 10 dieout published.
2 Catherine 3 4 Because they were frightened to publlsh a
3 Catherine and Yurl If2h3d4b5g6e7a8c bookby a newauthor.
4 Catherine and Ben 5 Because she is grateful that they took a
4
5 Because his patients (the animáis) can'ttell chance on her with her first book.
1 even if 2 if 3 In case 4 unless
him what's wrong. 6 Because she was busy with her two young
5 even if 6 in case 7 unless 8 if
6 Yuri children.
7 She thinks she's not good at talking to people. 5 7 Because her experiences helped her to grow
8 Jemima 1 won't cause 2 will still be 3 might reduce upduring herthirties. Her father died, she and
9 Louise 4 'II save energy 5 might dieout her husband got divorced and she was alone
10 Yuri 6 shouldn'tgo 7 will make 8 takes with two children.
8 Because work was going well, she was happy
in a new re latí onsh i p and her children were
6 I wish people weren'tso rude.
7 I wish I didn't have to go to work today.
Listening
enjoying school. (She realised it was going to 8 I wish this traffic jam would move. 1
be OK.) b
4
1 worked 2 would 3 would 4 could 2
Reading 5 lived 2 could 7 had 8 would 1, 3,4 and 6
1 5 3
b 1 I wish I could go to the party (tonight). Ib 2b 3b 4b 5a 6a 7b 8a
2 2 I wish the council would mend the benches in
Students' own answers the park. Reading
3 IwishIknewwhattodo.
3 1
4 I wish the train company would put more
1 F Thequestionnaire isabouthowyou behave. c
trainson.
2 T Afriend ofyours madesome racist 5 I wish I had my own car. 2
comments as part of ajoke. 6 I wish there were streetlights by the beach. 1E2B3C4D5A
3 F Your boss has become politically active, but 7 I wish I could helpOllie.
all her conversations are about politics now
3
8 I wish it was hot and sunny. 1 F They were Spanish.
and it's starting to annoy the employees.
2 T
4 T An elderly relative, who Uves alone, phones
3 F He was Spanish.
you just asyou’re going out to meet afriend.
4 F Hisfamilywaswealthy.
5 F A friend suddenly stops answering your text
5 T
messages and emails
1 6 ...heagreedwith ThomasMore’s¡deas.
F
6 T You have a difficult relationship with your
1 b 2 a 3 j 4 g 5 d 6 e 7 h 8 f 7 HewassenttoprisoninSpainfortherestof
F
mother-in-law...
9 c 10 i his Ufe.
7 T
2 8 F Quiroga used his own money....
8 F LVe may notbe scientists...
4
1 taken 2 ruled 3 majority 4 peace 4
5 put 6 rid 7 homeless 8 healthcare 1 México 2 communities 3 lawyer
1 MostlyCs 2 MostlyAs 3 MostlyBs
9 fund 4 in hissixties 5 disagreed with
Results: Students' own answers
3 6 hospital-school 7 Bishopof Michoacan
5 Ic2f3a4h5b6g7d8e 8 schools, hospitals
1 MostlyBs 2 MostlyAs 3 MostlyCs
4 5
6 1 appreciated 2 torced 3 opportunity
1 If people didn't have to work, they would get
1 mostly 2 opinión 3 hardlyever 4 dream 5 mistreating 6 escape 7 chaos
very bored.
4 relative 5 upset 6 avoid 7 honest 8 región
2 If you were a millionaire, what would you
8 argument
spend your money on? 6
3 What would you do if you lost your job? c
Writing 4 If I had written The Hunger Gomes, I would be
7
1 a very rich woman now.
b
A and B 5 If I had a better imagination, I might/may/
would be able to imagine a world Iike that. 8
2 6 If I lived in a world ruled by robots, I would 1 Avatar
1D2B3C4A fightto take control. 2 2009
3 7 I might think I was dreaming if I woke up to 3 On an alien moon called Pandora.
1 Dinnerwill beserved find that everyone in society was equal. 4 Three-metre-high blue alien people who live
2 Thank you very much for the invitation 8 What rules would you make if you were asked on Pandora.
3 If there'sanythingyou don'teat to create a perfect society? 5 They don't try to control them. They ask their
4 Nothing could keep me away! permission to fly or ride them.
5 No meatforme, please. 6 selfish
7 the love story between Neytiri and Jake
4 8 He'sa soldier.
1 You are warmly invited
2 thesummerpartyisheld 1
3 Drinkswillbeserved 1 must 2 might 3 can't 4 must 5 can't Writing
4 dinnerwillstart 6 must 7 can't 8 can't 1
5 Dress code: formal 2 b
6 Shouldyou require 1 must 2 can't 3 must 4 must 5 must 2
7 inelude thisin your RSVP 6 might 1 because 2 that 3 Asaresult 4 So
8 RSVP
3 5 because 6 so 7 Since 8 Asaresult
5 positive: break the record time, in the lead 3
le 2b 3b 4c 5a 6b 7a 8c negative: come last, get beaten, get knocked 1 GrannyMay
6 out, get sent off, miss a penalty 2 Because she caught a virus and got very sick.
le 2f 3a 4c 5 d 6 b 4 3 Because she couldn't see her friend as often as
7 and 8 Ib2g3c4d5e6a7h8f she used to.
Students' own answers 5 4 She sawan advert.
1 drowned 2 train 3 sent 5 Twodaysa week.
4 got beaten 5 break 6 come last 6 Because it had snowed.
7 twomonths
UNIT9 8 They FaceTimed each other.
4
1 It was terrible
1 2 we all wore coats
1 1 could 2 mind 3 about 4 go 5 worries 3 so Dad had to carry her to the car
Ig2h3f4d5e6b7a8c 6 back 7 interrupt 8 point 4 the party ended at 10 p.m.
5 she wasn'tatthe wedding
2 2
6 Granny May looked amazing
1 communities 2 spaces 3 violence 1 Could I just saysomething there?
7 Ralph couldn't hearanything
4 pressure 5 generous 6 factoflife 2 Sorry, but I just wanted to make a quick
8 they are going to live in Ralph's house
7 wages 8 part-time 9 discrimination suggestion.
10 tolerance 3 Thanks for pointing that out. 5
4 Anyway, sorry to interrupt. Ic2d3a4b5f6e
3
5 So, as I was saying 6
1 I wish I could afford to work part-time.
6 Do you mind if I come in here? 1 The tickets were so expensive that we decided
2 I wish there were more pólice on our streets.
7 So you were saying? not togo.
3 We wish we could afford to move.
8 Could I just stop you there for a moment? 2 The schools were closed due to the dangerous
4 I wish they would collect the rubbish more
often. weatherconditions.
5 I wish Noor didn't have to work weekends. 3 They changed the wedding venue as it was
4 Because of the high demand, the show sold out. 3 6 T Heknewthatmosquitoeslaytheireggsin
5 They were so ti red that they decided not to 1 It'sa big red Americancar. water and the chemicals we use to kill them
jointheothergroup. 2 I loveyour enormous blue and orange can pollute the water we drink.
6 She had to stay in Napoli an extra night as the Moroccan carpet. 7 F David designed o robot tocollect and then
flight was cancelled. 3 Have you seen Laila's big new gold ring? kill young mosquitoesfrom the surface of
7 Since they had never met before, they were a 4 Harriet's got a pairs of fantastic grey leather the water...
little shy with each other. boots 8 T He thought about how other mosquitoes
8 Due to the hot weather, they decided not to 5 It'sabeautifultiny woodentable. can carry dangerous diseases.
gooutside. 6 Mr French always wears a disgusting oíd red 9 T After this success, David started work on
7 and 8 jumper designing a different robot to solve another
Students' own answers 7 My neighbour has got a cute little black and problem.
white puppy.
8 l've just bought a lovely big Italian sofá for Writing
my apartment.
UNIT10 1
4 positive
1 mild white Italian
2 lovely red leather
2
3 dirty smallyellow le 2 a 3 b

1 4 stylish modern si Iver 3

1 c 2 h 3 i 4 a 5 b 6 f 7 g 8 d 5 wonderful newSpanish 1 F He wrote at least 37 plays and a collection
9 e 10 j 6 strange little grey ofpoems
7 big oíd brown 2 T William Shakespeare is considered one of
2 8 original Mexican day the greatest English language writers and
1 victories 2 gold medals 3 designed 9 lovely longwoollen poets
4 works 5 defended 6 sailing 7 right 10 comfortable oíd blue 3 F He was born in 1564 in Stratford-up
8 widelyread on-Avon...
5
3 1 ancient 2 stone 3 ridiculous 4 little 4 F ... and they had three children together...
1 hadn't been, wouldn't have believed 5 French 6 black and white 5 F Inl594,hejoinedatheatregroupcalled
2 had never existed, might never have been The Lord Chamberlain's Men.
3 had worked, would have 6 T ... Shakespeare's plays were also per
4 had been, would have formed at the royal court infront of Queen
5 might not have read, hadn't gone Elizabeth I and KingJames I.
6 might have studied, had had 7 F Shakespeare used 15,000 words in his
7 hadn't missed, have met
1 plays...
1 Would 2 Please 3 help 4 manage
4 8 T They claim that Shakespeare's use of
5 Shall 6 kind 7 hand 8 mind 9 free
language was so rich that ifhe hadn't
1 hadfollowed 10 great
written his plays, the English language
2 would never have designed
2 would not contain many of the words we
3 hadn't had
1 happy 2 worry 3 welcome 4 fine use to soy how we arefeeling or to talk
4 would never have got
5 sure 6 need 7 offer 8 Let about our experiences.
5 hadn't been
6 wouldn't have spent 9 T It can be seen in the titles of popular
7 would never have worked Listening songs, books, plays and films, such as
Agatha Christie’s 'The Mousetrap' and
8 hadn't left 1 Alfred Hitchcock’s 'North by Northwest’,
9 may never have won b
10 hadn't designed
both of which have titles takenfrom
2 Shakespeare plays.
le 2c 3a 4c 5a 6b 7a 8c 10 T His influence can also be seen in
thousands of English sayings, such as to
3
have ‘a heartofgold'.
1 red 2 (really) comfortable 3 bed
1 4 put ittogether 5 eight 6 confusing 4
Id2g3f4a5c6b7h8e 7 orange 8 twoyears 1 Aswellas 2 Furthermore
3 Not only, but also
2
1 deadline 2 rush 3 standard Reading 5
4 volunteered 5 task 6 manage 1 1 b 2 a 3 c
7 situation 8 opposition 9 introduce b 6
10 results 11 action 12 torced 1 Shakespeare not only performed in front of
2
3 Elizabeth I, but also James I.
b
1 We should have finished this last week. 2 As well as tragedies, Shakespeare wrote
2 We probably should have extended the
3 comedies and histories.
1 artist 2 philosopher 3 explorers 3 Shakespeare wrote a lot of amazing plays.
deadline.
4 military engineer 5 military leader Furthermore, he wrote many beautiful poems.
3 We shouldn't have made William team leader.
4 correct 4 8
5 correct 1 15paintings le 2 b 3 a 4f 5c 6d
6 correct 2 he wrote them backwards (from right to left)
7 She shouldn't have got such a bad grade. 3 the technology had not yet been developed 9 and 10
4 inl499 Students' own answers
8 They shouldn't have torced us to change it at
thisstage. 5 Cesare Borgia
4 6 They think he del i berately designed them not
to work because he didn't want to hurt others.
1 should have told
7 So that he could be remembered for a long time.
2 shouldn't have lied
3 should have guessed 5
4 should have done 1 contribution 2 talent 3 outline
5 should have asked 4 equipment 5 flow 6 sink 7 inventions
6 should have talked 8 extraordinary
7 shouldn't have ignored 6
8 should have realised He was leaming about worms and how they move.
7
1 T
2 F ... Then he heard about a natural disaster ...
in a nearby city.
1
1 valué 2 set 3 last 4 stylish 5 feature
3 T David wonderedifit might be possibleto
design a robot worm that could go
6 automatically 7 complicated 8 ideal
underground and rescue people.
2 4T
1 leather 2 lasted 3 bargain 4 room 5 F David designed his robot and won anaward
5 decent 6 designed 7 automatically forit.
8 tough