CES 513/512

LAB 4

PLEASE SOLVE THE PROBLEM BASED ON THE GIVEN NUMBER

PROBLEM 1

As a concrete production quality engineer, you are required to analyse the of compression strength,
fck, of 50 concrete samples that was innovated by your R&D company department. From the briefing
of your company R &D department officer, the company will not allow the compression strength, fck,
of each samples to be more or equal to 50 MPa, due to the company budget limitation.

You and your team have casted 50 samples of concrete cubes and the results of the compression
strength at 28 days are listed in Table 1 below;

Table 1 : The results of compression strength (MPa)

Sample fck Sample fck Sample fck

No (Mpa) No (Mpa) No (Mpa)
1 31 21 25 41 35
2 35 22 38 42 25
3 33 23 39 43 50
4 32 24 42 44 39
5 37 25 58 45 48
6 27 26 43 46 36
7 52 27 40 47 41
8 35 28 44 48 48
9 68 29 40 49 38
10 40 30 49 50 33
11 43 31 39
12 63 32 34
13 27 33 43
14 38 34 44
15 29 35 26
16 25 36 34
17 37 37 44
18 31 38 42
19 28 39 41

You are required to create MATLAB functions to compute the followings:

a) The average of all samples in MPa, max and minimum values

b) The standard deviation compression strength values of all samples in MPa.

Use IF…ELSE…END statement to exclude the value of compression strength results that is not allowed
by your R&D department officer in the average and standard deviation calculation.
PROBLEM 2

The rectangular reinforced concrete beams section as shown in Table 2 are required to design to carry
the factored bending moment.

Using the Eurocode 2, learn on how to design the bending reinforcement of a rectangular beam.

Write MATLAB function to handle the followings;

a) To design the tensile reinforcement area for the single reinforced type
b) To design the tensile and compression reinforcement area for the doubly reinforcement type

Use IF…ELSE….END statement to control the script to design the reinforcement.

Table 2: The specification of beam dimension, fck, rebar diameter and the loads

Section Factored Bending Moment (kNm) fck (MPa) Tensile and compression rebar Cover
diameter (mm)
(mm)

PROBLEM 3

Write a MATLAB script that calculates the cost of shipping a package according to the following price
schedule;

Type of
service Weight (kg)
0 - 0.5 > 0.5 -5 > 5 kg

Ground RM0.70 RM1.20 RM5

(5 - 7 days)
Express RM2.40 RM4.40 RM15.20
(3-4 days)
Overnight RM12.20 RM18.60 RM61.80
(one day)
The script will ask the user to input the type of service and the weight of package. Write function to
store each of the cost as given in the schedule. Use IF…ELSE…END statement to help you to decide the
cost in your script.

Execute the script three times for the following input;

a) Ground 4.9 kg
b) Express 5.2 kg
c) Overnight 0.4 kg + Ground 10 kg + Express 2 kg

PROBLEM 4

The area of a triangle ABC can be calculated by the following formula;

1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = |𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐶|
2
where AB is the vector from point A to point B and AC is the vector from point A to point C.

Write a script to determine the area of triangle given its vertices coordinates. Create a function to
store each of the coordinate and another function to compute the area of the triangle.

Then using IF….ELSE….END statement, categories the angle between vector AB and AC according to
given formula and Table 4;
𝐴𝐵. 𝐴𝐶
𝜃 = cos−1 ( )
|𝐴𝐵|. |𝐴𝐶|

Table 4 : Category of angles

Angle (degrees) Angle type between AB and AC

900 < 𝜃 < 1800 Obtuse
𝜃 = 900 Right-angle
00 < 𝜃 < 900 Acute
Given that ;

a) A = (1, 2), B = (10, 3), C = (6, 11)

b) A = (-1.5, -4.2, -3), B = (-5.1, 6.3, 2), C = (12.1, 0, -0.5)

PROBLEM 5

A two-dimensional state of stress at a point in a loaded material in the direction by x-y coordinate
system is defined by three components of stress; 𝜎𝑥𝑥 , 𝜎𝑦𝑦 and 𝜏𝑥𝑦 as shown in Figure 5a.

Figure 5a. The initial stresses

Figure 5b. The transformed stresses

The stresses at a point in the direction of x’-y’ coordinate system (Figure 5b) are calculated based on
the following equations;

𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦𝑦 𝜎𝑥𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦𝑦

𝜎𝑥𝑥′ = + cos(2𝜃) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 sin(2𝜃)
2 2
𝜎𝑦𝑦′ = 𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦𝑦 − 𝜎𝑥𝑥′
𝜎𝑥𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦𝑦
𝜏𝑥𝑦′ = − sin(2𝜃) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 cos(2𝜃)
2
Create a MATLAB script to compute the transformed stresses based on the followings;

a) 𝜎𝑥𝑥 = 160 MPa, 𝜎𝑦𝑦 = −40 MPa, 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 60 MPa and 𝜃 = 200
b) 𝜎𝑥𝑥 = −18 MPa, 𝜎𝑦𝑦 = 10 MPa, 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = −8 MPa and 𝜃 = 650

For the computation of the transformed stresses, create separate MATLAB user-defined functions to
compute each stresses. Using IF…ELSE…ENDIF statement to categories the state of each the
transformed stresses (i.e. compression if the magnitude is negative and vice versa)
PROBLEM 6

The general ultimate bearing capacity of a soil under strip footing , qu can be computed by the
Terzaghi’s equation as follows;

𝑞𝑢 = 𝑐𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.5𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾

where

c = the cohesion of the soil

𝛾 = the unit weight of the soil
q = the overburden pressure of the soil = 𝛾 H ( where H = is the depth of soil below the footing)
B = the width of the foundation
Nc, Nq and 𝑁𝛾 are the Terzaghi’s constant

Based on the types of the foundation, all Terzhagi’s constant can be described by following equations;

𝑁𝑐 = (N𝑞 − 1)cot(𝜑)

𝜗
𝑁𝑞 = 𝑒 𝜋 tan(𝜗) 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 (45 + )
2

𝑁𝛾 = (N𝑞 − 1)tan(1.4𝜗)

where 𝜗 is the angle of friction of the soil.

Compute the Terzaghi constants using separate MATLAB function, and then compute the ultimate
bearing capacity of the soil. Use IF…ELSE…END statement to compute the ultimate bearing capacity if
the footing types is as follows;

Footing types Ultimate bearing capacity , qu

Strip 𝑐𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.5𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾
Circular 1.3 𝑐𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.3𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾
Square 1.3 𝑐𝑁𝑐 + 𝑞𝑁𝑞 + 0.4𝛾𝐵𝑁𝛾

The data of the soil and the foundation specification are given as follows;
a) 𝜗 = 300 , B = 2 m, 𝛾 = 18.5 kNm-3, c = 2, H = 2m, Square footing
b) 𝜗 = 300 , B = 2 m, 𝛾 = 18.5 kNm-3, c = 2, H = 2m, Circular Footing

PROBLEM 7

A simply supported beam AB of span 8 meter is under a uniformly distributed load of 20 kN/m as
shown in Figure 7 below.
 Figure 7

Using the Macaulay Method, (considering taking x from the left support A), the bending moment
equation and the displacement of the beam AB can be found by using the following equations

20 20
[𝑥 − 2]2 + [𝑥 − 6]2
𝑀(𝑥) = 40𝑥 −
2 2
1 40 3 20 20
𝑦= ( 𝑥 − [𝑥 − 2]4 + [𝑥 − 6]4 − 293.33𝑥)
𝐸𝐼 6 24 24

where the notation [𝑥 − 𝑎]2 is only exist and not equals to zero if x-a > 0, however if x-a <0, this terms
will be vanished.

By using MATLAB function to compute bending moment and deflection on the beam, and combine
with the IF…ELSE…END statement, compute the bending moment and the deflection, y, of the beam
at location A, C, mid-point of CD and B of the beam. The beam cross section are in millimetres unit.
Consider the Young Modulus as 200 GPa.

PROBLEM 8

A GROUND SURFACE

SOIL DENSITY = 15.1 kNm-3 GWL SOIL 1 1.8 m

B

SOIL DENSITY = 16.3 kNm-3 SOIL 2 1.6 m

C

SOIL DENSITY = 19.8 kNm-3 SOIL 3 2.9 m

D

Figure 8 : Three layers of soil with ground water level

Three different soil layers are shown in Figure 8 and the ground water level was detected at the
interface between the soil 1 and soil 2.

By creating separate MATLAB function on computing the total vertical stress of the soils and the pore
water pressure stresses, compute the effective vertical stresses AT point A, B,C and D using the
following formula at ,

Effective vertical stresses = Total vertical stress of soil – pore water pressure stresses

Use IF…ELSE..END to compute the pore water pressure at each layer of soil.

PROBLEM 9

Suppose that Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri offers a tiered rate of tax to the amount of yearly income
of an engineering company as follows;

5 % , 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 ≤ 𝑅𝑀5000

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑥 = { 8%, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑀 5000
10%, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑀 10000

Write a MATLAB script that:

Compute the amount of income tax for of RM 25,000 yearly income. Create function to compute the
percentage of tax and use IF..ELSE..END to help your computation.

PROBLEM 10

A set of data of Force and displacement has been collected in an experiment. You are required to input
both data in MATLAB memory and create two MATLAB functions to compute the constant ‘a’ and ‘b’
as follows;

𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝐹𝑖 ∆𝑖 − ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝐹𝑖 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 ∆𝑖

𝑎= 2
𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 ∆2𝑖 − (∑𝑛𝑖=1 ∆𝑖 )

𝑏 = 𝐹̅ − 𝑎∆̅

where

n = the number of data

i = counter of index of the number of data being considered
𝐹̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∆̅ are the average values of F and the displacement

The data for the each of the Force, Fi, and the displacement, ∆𝑖 are listed in Table 10 as follows;
 Table 10 : Data for force and the displacement

Force Displacement
(kN) (mm)

0 0
2 4
6 8.2
8.2 12.5
10.2 15.8
12 -2.5
14.2 23.7
16.5 -4.8
18 32
20 36
22 40
22 44
24 48
24 52
26 -5
26 -1
26 3
28 7
28 11
30 15
30 19
31 23
33 27

Use IF…ELSE..END to discard the NEGATIVE values of displacement when the user input the data
before compute the constant a and b.

PROBLEM 11

The area under the graph of f(x) = 0.2 +25x -200x2 +675x3 -900x4 +400x5 from x =a until x =b can be
computed based on the following formula

𝑏
∫ 0.2 + 25x − 200x 2 + 675x 3 − 900x 4 + 400x 5 𝑑𝑥
𝑎

However, the approximation of the above integration can be computed as follows;

 𝑓(𝑥0 )+2 ∑𝑛−1
𝑖=1 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 )+𝑓(𝑥𝑛 )
=(𝑏 − 𝑎)
2𝑛

where n = number of equal segments, x0 = a and xn = b

Use function to compute the approximate integral values and IF…ELSE…END to control the number of
segment for computation for ;

a) a = 0, b =0.8, n = 6
b) a = 1 , b = 3, n = 9

PROBLEM 12

By using the stiffness matrix method that you have learnt before, create a function that able to
compute and store the stiffness matrix for each member of the following problem. Create another
function that compute the global stiffness matrix and the global force vector.

Using the IF….ELSE…..END, delete the corresponding rows and columns of the degrees zero of freedom
of the global stiffness matrix of the problem, and solve for the beam’s displacement when

a) T = 12 kN , L = 5m and K = 1 m
b) T= -15 kN. L = 2.5m and K = 3 m

T kN

EI = 120000 kNm2

Lm Km
PROBLEM 13

A section of solid in 2-dimensional is shown in Figure 13 with certain dimensions in millimetre units.
b

FLANGE a
NEUTRAL AXIS
x
c x

d e g f
g
Figure 13: Section

Using MATLAB function, create two function that compute the centroid of the section and moment of
inertia about x-x axis. Use IF..ELSE..END to inform the users that the neutral axis depth is below or
inside the flange of the section.

Given:
Case 1: a = 350, b = 752 , c = 800, d = 200, e= 400, f = 52, g = 50
Case 2: a = 50, b = 450, c= 300, d = 150, e= 100, f= 160, g = 20