CIE Standard Illurninants For Colorimetry
CIE Standard Illurninants For Colorimetry
10626:1999
ICs 17.180.20
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STDOBSI BS IS0 3052b-ENGL 1799 W lL2Libb7 0777307 271 D
BS IS0 106261999
National foreword
This British Standard reproduces verbatim Is0 105261999 and implements it as the
UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO/CIE 105261991which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
CPU34, Lamps and related equipment,which has the responsibility to:
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Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the IS0 title page,
pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
was last issued.
0 BSI 09-1999
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S T D - B S I B S IS0 3052b-ENGL 3999 W LL2'4btS 0799388 328 W
BS IS0 10626:1999
INTERNATIONAL i50
STANDARD 10526
CIE S 005
Second edition
1999-06-01
Reference number
IS0 10526:1999(E)
CIE S 005-1998
o IS0 1999
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S T D - B S I B S IS0 1052b-ENGL 1997 W 1b211bb9 0779205 O37
BS IS0 10626:1999
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Foreword
I S 0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that Committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take pari in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
iii
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IS0 10526:1999(E)
CIE S 005/E
Standard
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Foreword
This CIE Standard has been prepared by CIE Technical Committee 2-33,"Rationalisation of
CIE Standard Illuminants A and D65"*),and was approved by the CIE Board of Administration
and the National Committees of the CIE.
The numerical values of the relative spectral distributions of standard illuminants A and D65
defined by this Standard are the same, within an accuracy of six significant digits, as those
defined in earlier versions of these illuminants.
Standards produced by the CIE are concise documentation of data, defining aspects of light
and lighting for which international harmony requires a unique definition. As such, CIE
Standards are a primary source of internationallyaccepted and agreed data that can be taken,
essentially unaltered, into universal standard systems.
1. Scope 1
2. Normative references 1
3. üefinitions 2
4. CIE standard illuminant A 3
4.1 Definition 3
4.2 Theoretical basis 4
4.3 Supplementary notes 4
5. CIE standard illuminant ü65 5
5.1 Definition 5
5.2 Experimental basis 5
5.3 Correlated colour temperature 5
6. CIE standard sources for producing CIE standard illuminants 5
6.1 CIE source A 5
6.2 Source for CIE standard illuminant D65 6
7. Bibliography 6
TABLE 1. Relative spectral power distribution of CIE standard
illurninants A and ü65 7
*) Chairman of this TC was K. D. Mielenz (US), members were: J. J. Hsia (US), J. R. Moore
(GB), A. R. Robertson (CA), H. Terstiege (DE), J. F. VerriII (GB).
CIE S 005/E-1998
vi
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CIE Standard Illurninants for Colorimetry
1. scope
This International Standard specifies two illuminants for use in colorimetry. The illuminants,
which are defined in clauses 4 and 5 of this International Standard, are as follows:
a) CIE standard illuminant A
This is intended to represent typical, domestic, tungsten-filament lighting. Its relative spectral
power distribution is that of a Planckian radiator at a temperature of approximately 2 856 K.
CIE standard illuminant A should be used in all applications of colorimetry involving the use of
incandescent lighting, unless there are specific reasons for using a different illuminant.
b) CIE standard illuminant D65
This is intended to represent average daylight and has a correlated colour temperature of
approximately 6 500 K. CIE standard illuminant D65 should be used in all colorimetric
calculations requiring representative daylight, unless there are specific reasons for using a
different illuminant. Variations in the relative spectral power distribution of daylight are known
to occur, particulariy in the ultraviolet spectral region, as a function of season, time of day, and
geographic location. However, CIE standard illuminant D65 should be used pending the
availability of additional information on these variations.
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Values for the relative spectral power distribution of CIE standard illuminants A and D65
are given in Table 1 of this International Standard. Values are given at 1 nm intervals from
300 nm to 830 nm.
The term "illuminant" refers to a defined spectral power distribution, not necessarily
realizable or provided by a source. Illurninants are used in colorimetry to compute the
tristimulus values of reflected or transmitted object colours under specified conditions of
illumination. The CIE has also defined illuminant C and other illuminants D. These illuminants
are described in Publication CIE 15.2-1986 [l], but they do not have the status of primary CIE
standards accorded to the CIE standard illuminantc A and 065 described in this International
Standard. It is recommended that one of the two CIE standard illuminants defined in this
International Standard be used wherever possible. This will greatly facilitate the comparison of
published results.
It is noted that in the fields of graphic arts and photography extensive use is also made
of CIE illuminant D50, for example IS0 3644 [2] and I S 0 13655 [3].
In most practical applications of colorimetry, it is sufficient to use the values of CIE
standard illuminants A and D65 at less frequent wavelength intervals or in a narrower spectral
region than defined in this Standard. Data and guidelines that facilitate such practice are
provided in Publication CIE 15.2 [l], together with other recommended procedures for
practical colorimetry.
The term "source" refers to a physical emitter of light, such as a lamp or the sky. In
certain cases, the CIE recommends laboratory sources that approximate the spectral power
distributions of CIE illuminants. In all cases, however, the definition of a CIE recommended
source is secondary to the definition of the corresponding CIE illuminant, because of the
possibility that, from time to time, new developments will lead to improved sources that
represent a particular illuminant more accurately or are more suitable for laboratory use.
Subclause 6.1 of this International Standard describes CIE source A, which is
recommended for laboratory realizations of CIE standard illuminant A. At present, there is no
CIE recommended source representing CIE standard illuminant D65.
2. Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this IntemationalStandard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were
valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard
are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying most recent editions of the standards
CIE S 005/E-1998
1
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indicated below. Members of CIE, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) maintain registers of currently valid
international standards.
CIE 15.2-1986: Colorimetry
-
CIE 17.4-1987: International Lighting Vocabulary equivalent to IEC SO(845)
CIE 51-1981: A method for assessing the qualify of daylight simulators for colorimetry
ISOKIE 10527-1991: CIE standard colorimetric observers
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3. Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. These
definitions are taken from Publication CIE 17.4-1987 [4], where other relevant terms will also
be found.
3.1 chromaticity co-ordinates
Ratio of each of a set of three tristimulus values to their sum.
NOTE1 As the sum of the three chromaticity co-ordinates equals 1, two of them are
sufficient to define a chromaticity.
NOTE2 In the CIE standard colorimetric systems, the chromaticity co-ordinates are
represented by the symbols x, y, zand X I O , y10, 210.
CIE S 005/E-1998
2
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3.9 illuminant
Radiation with a relative spectral power distribution defined over the wavelength range
that influences object colour perception.
3
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This spectral power distribution is normalized to the value 100 (exactly) at the vacuum
wavelength 0,56 pm (exactly). .
CIE standard illuminant A is defined over the 300 nm to 830 nm spectral region.
NOTE Table 1 provides the relative spectral power distribution of CIE standard
illuminant A between 300 nm and 830 nm at one nm intervals. For all practical
purposes it suffices to use these tabulated values instead of the values
calculated from equation 1 .
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4.2 Theoretical basis
Equation 1 is equivalent to and can be derived from the expression
S(A) = 100 Me,n(A,T)1 &,A( 036 T ) , (2)
where
&,A( A T ) = q A-5 [exp(q /AT)- 11-1, [Units of W.m-2.pm-11, (3)
is the spectral radiant exitance of a Planckian radiator of temperature T, q and are the first
and second radiation constants and the ratio q IT is given by
q IT= 14 350 12 848 vm. (4)
Since the numerical value of cl is of no importance in calculating the relative spectral
power distribution of an illuminant, the definition of CIE standard illuminant A involves no
assumptions about the numerical values of cl,q, and T other than the ratio defined in
equation 4.
The value of 2 848 x 0,56 is 1 594,88; to avoid decimal figures, both nominator and denominator
in the exponentialterm in the nominator of equation 1 were multiplied by 100.
CIE S 005lE-1998
4
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BS IS0 10626:1999
CIE Standard Illurninants for Colorimetry
As may be seen from equation 4,the colour temperatures associated with CIE standard
illuminant A on the various international temperature scales referred to above were
T27 = 2 842 K, Ta = 2 854 K, and Tm = T&, = 2 856 K, respectiveiy (see 6.1).
It is implicit in the 1931 definition of CIE standard illuminant A that the term A in
equation 1 denotes a vacuum wavelength. The use of air, instead of vacuum, wavelengths will
cause the following, insignificantly small, errors of the relative spectral distribution of CIE
- -
standard illuminant A: 0,2% at 300 nm, -0,l70at 400 nm, 0,03% at 500 nm, + 0,02 % at
600 nm, + 0,05 % at 700 nm and + 0,08 at 800 nm.
5.1 Dafinition
The relative spectral power distribution t?65(4of CIE standard illuminant D65 is defined by
the values given in table 1 which are presented at 1 nm intervals over the wavelength range
from 300 nm to 830 nm. If required, other intermediate values may be derived by linear
interpolation from the published values'.
Information on the procedure used to derive D65 values is given in Publication CIE 15.2 [l].
~ ~~
CIE S 005/E-1998
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u t stanaara iiiuminants tor r;oiorimerry
7. Bibliography
[ 11 Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage, Publication C E 15.2- 7986. Colorimetry.
[2] IS0 3644:1976, Cinematography - Spindles for 8 mm Type R motion-picture cameras
-
and projectors Dimensions.
[3] I S 0 13655:1996, Graphic technology - Spectral measurement and colorimetric
computation for graphic arts images.
[4] Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage / International Electrotechnical Commission,
Publication CIE 17.4- 7987. International Lighting Vocabulary.
[5] Commission Internationale de I’iklairage, Proceedings of the 8th Session of the CIE,
Cambridge, 1931.
[6] Judd DB, MacAdam DL and Wyszecki G, (in collaboration with Budde HW, Condit HR,
Henderson ST and Simonds JL). Spectral Distribution of Typical Daylight as a Function
of CorrelatedColour Temperature. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54, (1964) pp.1031-1040.
[7] Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage, Publication CIE 51 -7987. A method for
assessing the quality of daylight simulators for colorimetry.
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Table 1
Relative spectral power distributions of CIE standard illurninants A and û65
CIE S 0051E-1998
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7
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CIE Standard Illuminant8 for Colorimetry
Table 1 (continued)
CIE S 005/E-1998
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8
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S T D - B S I B S IS0 L05Zb-ENGL 1999 L b 2 4 b b 9 0799200 555 W
BS I S 0 10626:1999
CIE Standard Illurninantsfor Colorimetry
Table 1 (continued)
CIE S 005/E-1998
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~~ ~
Table 1 (continued)
CIE S 005/E-1998
10
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STDOBSI BS IS0 1052b-ENGL 1777 W l b 2 4 b b 7 0777202 328
BS IS0 10626:1999
CIE Standard illurninants for Colorimetry
Table 1 (continued)
CIE S W5/E-1998
11
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STD-BSI B S IS0 L052b-ENGL 1779 m Lb2Ybb7 0799203 2b4 m
BS IS0 10626:1999
CIE Standard Illurninants for Colorimetry
Table 1 (continued)
Copies of CIE Publications are available from the National Committees of most CIE member
countries. Purchasers in other countries may obtain them from the CIE Central Bureau,
Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Wien, Austria.
CIE S 005/E-1998
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BS IS0
105261999
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