THE RELIABILITY OF TECHNOLOGY

RELATING TO STUDENTS' ACADEMIC SUCCESS IN THE

GRADE 12 STUDENTS AT THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY

A Research Study Presented to the

Faculty of Senior High School Department of

Philippine College of Criminology

In Partial Fulfillment of Humanities and Social Sciences as per

Requirements for the Subject

RESEARCH PROJECT

PRESENTED BY GROUP 3

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Technology has impacted and altered how people live in today's generations. People are now

more comfortable and productive thanks to technology. The modern civilization's

transportation, communication, and educational systems have all tremendously benefited

from new technological improvements, and barely anyone has remained unaffected. Because

new high-tech innovations are regularly produced to assist individuals in getting things done

more quickly and easily, many people experience less stress in their daily lives. The internet,

computers, and cellphones are a few of these useful technology.

Technology can have a negative impact on the user's life as well as the lives of his or her
close friends and family. It has an impact on a person's academic, family, social, financial,
and personal health. Overusing technology has a negative impact on a person's mental health.
The person loses concentration because they frequently overlook other significant areas of
life, their level of concentration drops, and they find it difficult to sustain their attention on
other matters.

The use of technology in schools has paved the way for more effective education, and it is
crucial for everyone's future and professional development.

Today's world is getting increasingly reliant on technology. It has evolved and grown in
importance to learning.The purpose of this study was to determine whether technology had a
positive impact on students' academic performance at the "Philippines College of
Criminology" when they were in grade 12. People are learning in the twenty-first century,
and technology is a part of daily life. Communication with family members is made simpler
as a result. They belong to "Generation Z," and whatever they invented is now popular
around the globe.Our eyes suffer as a result of our over use of technology. Modern
technology is beneficial because it has been developed so much. (www.academic.edu.com,
2017).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The study's objective was to evaluate the impact of technology on grade 12 students at the

Philippine College of Criminology's academic performance.

The study specifically attempted to provide answers to the following questions:

Main Question: What impact does technology have on a grade 12 student's academic

achievement at the Philippine College of Criminology?

Specific Questions:

1. Describe technology?

2. What different technological platforms do pupils use?

3. What are technology's advantages and disadvantages in terms of student achievement?

4. What impact does technology have on pupils' academic achievement?

5. What role does technology play in helping students reach their academic objectives?

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the impact of technology on students' grade 12

academic achievement at the Philippine College of Criminology.

It has the following specific objectives:

- To talk about what technology is and how it helps students.

- To find out which technology platforms the grade 12 students at the Philippine College of
Criminology like to use.
- To determine the technology's advantages and disadvantages in terms of the academic
performance of a grade 12 student at the Philippine College of Criminology.

- To determine how technology has affected grade 12 students' academic performance at the
Philippine College of Criminology.

- To ascertain the grade 12 students at the Philippine College of Criminology's motivating

orientation toward the use of technology for academic success.

THEORETICAL OR CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

According to a 1993 review of studies on the efficiency of technology, "courses that used

computer-based networks increased student-student and student-teacher interaction,

increased student-teacher interaction with lower-achieving students, and did not decrease the

use of traditional forms of communications."

A 1995 analysis of more than 130 recent academic studies found that using technology to

supplement education increased student outcomes in language arts, math, social studies, and

science. (www.clintonwhitehouse4.com , 1995)

A review of the remedial and low-achieving student-focused Computer Pilot Program in

New York City revealed increases of 80% for reading and 90% for arithmetic when

computers were utilized to support the learning process. (www.clintonwhitehouse4.com,

1990).

Federal mandates, common curriculum standards, and standards-based assessment, according

to Berry and Ritz (2004), are influencing education and requiring the use of technology in
order to meet societal needs. Both general education and the education of students with

special needs are covered under this. Special education has changed to include fresh

approaches as technology has advanced and education has embraced technological tools.

Shameema, the CEO of Edutech, describes how things were different in the past when there

was an emphasis on integrating technology into K–12, vocational, and higher education. The

top query was, "How do you create pupils self-learners? Everyone was now aware that in

order to obtain and maintain employment, students needed to be self-learners. She recalls

that when industrial demands changed, teaching approaches also started to shift.

We can see how dependent schooling is on technology today. You can't just think about it

not being there! Edutech has been very important in ensuring that teachers have the best

resources for all age groups and that students are well equipped for the future.

Schools might be on the fence when it comes to the incorporation of tech. Here’s why:

• Rather than seeing it as a useful instrument for learning, they frequently perceive it as a

burden.

• Why Schools want to use mobile devices, but their network infrastructure cannot handle the

classroom's technology in a reliable manner. (www.gessdubai.com , 2017)

The following are some examples of how technology aids learning, as stated in Danny

Marico's blog post 10 Reasons Today's Students Need Technology in the Classroom:
1. By promoting collaboration, it gives students the chance to improve their interactions with

their classmates and teachers. Students in high school using technology in the classroom

2. Teachers and other faculty members have the chance to help their students improve their

digital citizenship abilities by utilizing technology in the classroom. Utilizing mobile gadgets

is one thing; knowing how to do so correctly and ethically is an entirely different matter.

3. Students stay engaged when technology is incorporated into the classroom. Since they

were able to crawl, the majority of kids in today's classrooms use mobile devices like tablets

and smartphones for play and learning. Therefore, it makes sense to adapt your classrooms to

the method your pupils prefer and are accustomed to studying.

4. One example of how the introduction of new technology can improve the learning

experience and open up new options is the integration of new technology like VR (virtual

reality) with conventional classroom training.

5. The learning process is changed by technology. There are so many brand-new chances

available to students. Technology enables kids to be more creative and connected, from

learning how to code to improving teamwork and communication with their teachers.

Modern education has been turbocharged by new technology.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
In addition to making our daily life easier and faster for students, teachers, and workers,

technology has become a part of our culture. Technology is crucial to our ability to

communicate and learn.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study may be benefit to the following:

•Students' participation in school activities and academic progress will be encouraged by

this study.

•Teachers With the aid of this study, teachers will be better able to customise learning

experiences for their students, which will raise their productivity and effectiveness as

lecturers.

•Parents This study will assist the parents in understanding what their children's educational

needs are.

•Future Researchers This work is used as a guide by future researchers conducting related

research in various areas of the university.

•Administration in Schools This study will reveal how technology benefits and benefits

students.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of technology on students'
academic performance. The study seeks to understand the effectiveness of technology,
particularly in academic performances as the majority of students get used to the new norm
of studying. Researchers will identify the variables influencing how technology affects
students.

Additionally, fifty (50) grade 12 students studying humanities and social science at the
Philippine College of Criminology are included in this study.

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Proficient Having extensive training and experience in a trade or profession, which indicates

having a thorough level of competency. (www.journaloftechnologyforelt.com , 2008)

Empirical Originating from or based on observation or experience empirical data, and

relying solely on observation or experience frequently without consideration for the goals of
the system or theory an empirical basis for the theory also capable of being confirmed or
refuted by observation or experiment empirical laws. www.powerupwhatworks.org.com
Fortunate Bringing something favorable and unexpected; fortunate. Lucky, especially

considering how much better off you are than other people.

Expanded Being or In some instances, the terms "having been enlarged" and "having been

extended" can be used interchangeably to describe objects that are dispersed.

www.wikipedia.com

Inability Condition of lack of the ability to do something, incapability.www.wikipedia.com

Prevent keep something from happening or arising as well as to deprive of power or hope of

acting or succeeding. www.wikipedia.com

Innovative Tending to innovate introduces changes and new ideas or introduce something

new or different; characterized by innovation. www.wikipedia.com

Analysis Is a study of something to find out about its components, what they do, and how it

relates to one another. www.wikipedia.com

Assessment refers to the vast range of techniques or instruments that teachers employ to

assess, method, and record students' academic preparation, learning progress, skill

development, or educational requirements. www.collinsdictionary.com

Methodology is a kind of "method" or items utilized in his investigation as "reference."

These are the procedures or techniques you employed to demonstrate your academic

difficulties. Surveys, questionnaires, observations, experiments, interviews, and so on are

examples of this. www.dictionary.com

Philosophy is the analytical examination of humanity's most fundamental queries. It strives

to comprehend complex issues and forms the basis for numerous other queries about reality,

our lives' true significance, the source and nature of our knowledge, the things we value, and

what we actually say. utilizing a variety of communication methods. www.dictionary.com

Curriculum is a field within education that aims to research, develop, and implement

curriculum changes that increase student achievement in and out of schools. www.sap.com

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Technology has had a significant impact on society, and education has been particularly

affected. The technological revolution completely mechanized a major chunk of the world.
Every organism is affected by it in both positive and harmful ways. Nevertheless, because of

our attachment to technology, humans have developed an adventurous spirit in academia. As

we pursued our chosen vocation, it evolved into our shield and spear on the battlefield.

I discovered the benefits of technology in the Philippine school system based on what I read

in certain books and websites. Let's take on a few of those. Technology facilitates simple

access to information, increased learning interest, increased knowledge retention, robust

information storage, and improved information presentation for both students and teachers.

Additionally, it made learning more dynamic and information exchange simpler.

The use of technology by students as a tool or support for communication means that they

are taking an active role in learning rather than simply acting as passive recipients of

information from a teacher or textbook. In addition, technology makes it easier and more

efficient for us to do duties. Indeed, technology has greatly enhanced schooling.

Technology has also had a negative impact on schooling. Some of us developed an unhealthy

dependence on the information we obtain from various websites, which occasionally led to

unethical behavior like plagiarism. Additionally, some of us neglect to submit our ideas,

photos, and videos to various social networking sites, which has led to cyberbullying, the

exposure of our private lives, crises of our reputation, and in the worst cases, the victim's

suicide thoughts. Some instructors, especially older ones, found it challenging to incorporate

technology into the curriculum because they had the reading or computer literacy necessary

to keep up with students who were more interested by technology.

In conclusion, technology has a significant impact on education, and regardless of the

outcome, we should always be grateful for it. In the words of Freeman Dyson, "Technology

is a gift from

God. After the gift of life it is perhaps the greatest of God’s gift. It is the source of all

cultures, as well as the arts and sciences. ”(www.jaron20.weebly.com , 2014).

The best thing that can allow people to accomplish more in less time is modern technology.

For instance, only a small percentage of Filipinos use gas stoves when they cook; most prefer

to use wood fire, especially in the province. But today, practically everyone in the

Philippines uses an electric or gas stove. There are numerous culinary appliances in use

today. There are hot plates, a high-speed oven, an electric kettle, a microwave oven, a heavy-

duty electric range, a heavy-duty gas range, and many other appliances.

www.lookupgrade.com

The Filipino students who lack access to technology would gain the most from these

teaching resources. Fortunately, some circumstances do seem to be getting better for the

Philippines. A Rappler story claims that access to the internet is expanding everywhere

across the nation. The article continues, "In a country where millions of students are still

unable to complete school, it's hard to overestimate technology's power in bridging the

education gap. For instance, a student in a distant barangay can participate in a virtual class

led by teachers from the capital. With a single device or a free, dependable internet

connection, barriers like time, money, or distance can be removed. By assisting Filipino

schools and students in getting more access to educational technology, we can help them

receive the education they deserve.Our goal at Yours Humanly is to contribute to the
development of a society in which each student in every school has an equal chance to

succeed. This desire will become a reality thanks to our Bridging Gaps campaign. Through

this program, we support the construction of new computer laboratories, the renovation of

existing labs, and the provision of computer science teachers in underserved nations like the

Philippines. It is challenging for those of us who depend on technology every day to fathom

any aspect of our life without smartphones and internet connectivity. Technology

advancements have improved our quality of life and given those of us who have access to it

the opportunity to expand our education. We think that every child should be able to benefit

from these advancements. www.yourshumanly.com

This study set out to examine how technology affects student learning. As technology

evolves constantly, classrooms must adapt by adding additional technology and integrating it

into student instruction. Technology has the potential to both enhance student learning and

harm the educational process. Technology improves many learning possibilities and provides

comfort for students, but it may also be a tool that is overused, which may have negative

effects on students' ability to develop their fine motor skills and problem-solving abilities. In

this study, K–12 teachers were questioned to gain their opinions on how technology affects

the classroom.

This research helped determine how technology effects student learning. The findings

showed that more training for teachers and students are necessary to better implement

technology in the classroom. Furthermore, this research pointed out that students are more
engaged and comfortable with technology, yet they can become a management concern.

(www.files.eric.ed.gov.com ,2021)

Because technology is evolving rapidly and people are continually learning new things,

adapting to it is not a choice. Beginning with the discovery of writing on stone, progressing

to metal sheet, to what we now know as paper, and finally the use of a pen or pencil,

technology in schools has advanced in a number of ways. People have been using paper and

pens for quite some time now, and they will continue to do so for some time to come. This

event occurred 30,000 years ago. The opportunity for a higher education and precise

outcomes has been made possible by technology, which has had a significant impact on all

workplaces, hospitals, and schools.

Schools play an important part in the development of young people's talents and capacities,

therefore it makes sense to introduce technology to the younger generation there so they may

learn how to use it to their benefit. According to Steven Hackbarth's book, The Educational

Technology Handbook, educational technology is a methodical approach to discovering

answers to issues in teaching and learning. How technology has changed education by

supplying advanced instruments where the entire educational system has changed

(Hackbarth, 1996) (www.edutechnology.change.com, 2004).

According to the study of Jimson Mariano (2017) The Philippine government has

beencommitted to bring the educational system into a modernized status, particularly on

basiceducation, in its effort to make each and every student at par with other students of

neighbouring developed countries. Our country is now capable to utilize and produce

information and totransform it into knowledge and vast array of goods and services. The
Department of Education(DEPED) has initiated in 1996 a computerization program with the

goal of preparing Filipinostudents for employment and competitive career by teaching them

to master new forms oftechnology. They also would like to harness and enhance the power

of technologytowards developing the entire teaching-learning process, specifically in its bid

tomake each and every public school student empowered in this highly globalized and

integratedworld economy.ICT plays a major role in creating a new and improved model of

teaching and learningwhere education happens anytime and anywhere. According to Diwanie

Perez (2016) to achievethis vision we should continue to use ICT

to revitalize our schools to make them to dynamic,collaborative and innovative learning

institutions where students can become more motivated, inquisitive and creative learners.

Also to link students with vast networked world of knowledge and information and develop

student’s skills and capabilities to critically and intelligently seek, absorb, analyze, manage

and present information. The assessment of the current state ofcomputerization of public

schools will aim to help DEPED better integrate ICT in its ambitious K (Kindergarten) to 12

Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) reform program. • Education Secretary Armin Luistro

said that ICT education will be an important aspect as they formulate an.

(www.academia.com ,2017)

The Edward study (2001).However, only some factors can be directly influenced by schools.

This paper identifies three key school related factors that influence technology’s effect on

student achievement: instructional goals; the match between goals, instructional strategies,

and assessment tools; and staff development. In addition, it will also present a few of the
complex issues involving the literature of the field: the crucial importance of thoroughly

reporting definitions and research results and the difficulties in aggregating studies with

differing ideological stances.

In this paper technology and instructional technology will refer interchangeably to

computers, not items such as slide rules, overhead projectors or graphing calculators,

although these do fit within a broader definition of technology. Assessment of student

achievement is another term in need of clarification. Some researchers (e.g., Mann,

Shakeshaft, Becker, &Kottkamp [1999]; Wenglinsky [1998]) define student achievement as

a score on a standardized test (NAEP and

Stanford 9, respectively), while others call for a broader view of assessment that includes

both quantitative and qualitative measures of learning. Seymour Papert (1993) illustrates the

need for multifaceted, comprehensive assessments with the example of a factory director

who gets a bonus for achieving the company’s goal of making 150 tons of super-sized nails,

though they happen to be nails that are too big for anyone to find useful! He concludes,

“Defining educational success by test scores is not very different from counting nails made,

rather than nails used” (p. 208). Congruent with Papert’s view of assessment, Grant Wiggins

and Jay McTighe (1998) explicate a system in which performance assessment is matched

with instruc- tional goals in Understanding by Design. Tierney, Carter, and Desia (1991)

were early propo- nents for portfolio assessment and their themes have been extended into

the growing field of

electronic and digital portfolios. The intricacies inherent in just defining these two terms

(technology and assessment of student achievement) reveal some of the difficulties facing

administrators who must justify budget decisions based on educational value.

(www.digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu.com, 2001).

According to Spears (2012) she cites Donovan, Hartley &Strudler (2007) and describes the

first 1:1 technology program that was used in a school setting. Spears (2012) states, “The

first provider of 1:1 computer access for teachers and students was Apple Classrooms of

Tomorrow (ACOT). The goal of ACOT was to promote change in the context of

education”(p. 1). Spears continues in her study and describes Microsoft’s 1:1 initiative

through the Anytime Anywhere Learning

(AAL) program. Spears (p. 1) cites the work of Donovan et al. (2007), “An increase in

enthusiasm for teaching and learning with technology, an improvement in student writing

skills, an increase of authentic and purposeful use of technology…are some of the benefits of

1:1 technology integration programs like the AAL program.” These programs in the 1980’s

and 1990’s paved the way for presidents, legislators, administrators, and educators to become

aware of how positively technology could impact the student and teacher in the classroom,

alike.(www.files.eric.ed.gov.com , 2012)

Apparently, David L. Three (3) key educational theories—Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and

Constructivism—are now being used in education and are strongly associated with the

creation and application of instructional technology. There is no doubting that technology,

particularly computers, laptops, and phones, has become an integral part of many people's

daily lives in our generation, particularly among students. For the students, we know the

benefits of using technology such as making student more interested and excited about the

lesson. It also increased the student’s level of interaction and it brought us new perspectives

and knowledge in class. Also, the teaching strategies based on educational technology can be

described as ethical practices that facilitate student’s learning and boost their capacity,

productivity, and performance. Instructors are no longer limited to write in a plain paper or

discuss the lesson in a white board, but they can rely on our modern technologies that will

enable them to make things easier.(www.academia.edu.com , 2017).

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH APPROACH & DESIGN

This study aims to determine how an activity set created using the inquiry-based learning
(IBL) methodology in the unit "Particulate Structure of Matter" affects students' capacity for
critical thought in science and technology courses. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science
and Technology Education, 12 (12), @016. Meltem Duran. Ilbilge Dokme.

The study included 90 sixth graders from four sixth grade secondary school courses. In order
to investigate the effects of the IBL approach on the students' critical-thinking abilities in
science and technology courses, the researchers developed the guided activity set in
accordance with the IBL methodology. In this study,

The goal of the study was to ascertain how different problem-solving/design teaching
techniques (structural or functional), students' conceptualizations of the design process, and
the quality of their solutions interacted. Osnat Dagan International Journal of Technology
and Design Education,

17 (2), pp. 135–148, David Mioduser, 2007. While the structural approach highlights the
need for a sequential and systematic learning of the stages of the design process, the
functional method places more emphasis on teaching and studying design functions (rather
than stages). Eighty seventh graders, divided into two groups, received instruction on
technical problem solving over the course of fourteen sessions. during a semester. Prior to,
throughout, and after the creation of a technological solution, the students demonstrated their
understanding of the design process.

The following aspects of the results for the two groups were looked at: (a) model types
produced; (b) model type adjustments during the learning/design process; and (c) model
features describing the design process. The models of the groups differed significantly for
the bulk of the variables examined. The development of thorough, flexible, and potent
mental models of the design process of technological solutions was made easier by the
functional method than by the traditional structural approach.

THE STUDY POPULATION AND SAMPLE

Digital technology has aided in self-education and the development of online social
networks. It is examined how recently formed virtual relationships made possible by
technology have affected socio-educational outcomes. In emergency or crisis situations, it
looks into how developing technologies are applied and how they affect stakeholders' social
and educational demands.

To prevent the virus from spreading, people avoid socializing and face-to-face engagement.
Due to this, a lot of people now use social media, especially Facebook, for social
communication. Because of cyberbullying and the inability to understand others' emotions,
some people find it challenging to keep up these online interactions.

In the Philippines, 73, 170,000 people, or 66.4% of the total population, use Facebook as of
January 2020. The International Society for Technology in Education reports that the last ten
years saw the creation of many of the high-demand jobs of today (ISTE).

RESEARCH LOCALE
This study is conducted at the Philippine College of Criminology Sta. Cruz Metro Manila, in
my description this place already has tall establishments around it and groups of people there
are nearby convince stores the 7/11 is on the way there you can also see that there is a china
bank near here the school it has tall building two or more and it will also be opposite if there
is a school owner in this area it is clean and quite quiet in the school it is perfect because it is
complete with the room it is also clean there is discipline, this research is specific to factors
that contribute to widespread misinformation and disinformation among Social Grade 12
HUMSS students and the Philippine College of Criminology. Our History 1954 February 14:
The Plaridel Educational Institution was established by Supreme Court Justice Felix Angelo
Bautista (JFAB), offering a Bachelor’s degree program in Criminology, at 641 Sales Street,
Sta. Cruz, Manila. 1960 The institution’s name was changed to the Philippine College of
Criminology (PCCR). 1961 June 12: PCCR started offering the Master’s degree program in
Criminology 1985 Dr. Eduardo J. Bautista (EJB) was installed as the second president of
PCCR. 1993 April 20: PCCR started offering the Doctorate degree program in Criminology.
2002 The EJB Building was inaugurated at 650 Sales Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila. 2006 Dr.
Gregory Alan F. Bautista was installed as the third president of PCCR. 2011 Dr. Ma. Cecilia
Bautista Lim was installed as the fourth president of PCCR. 2015 June: The PCCR Graduate
School attains its ISO 9001:2015 certification. September: The Bachelor of Science in
Criminology program attains its Level 1 Accredited Status from the Philippine Association
of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA). 2019 September:
The Bachelor of Science in Criminology program was promoted to the Level 2 Reaccredited
Status from the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on
Accreditation (PACUCOA). 2020 December: Mr. Rodolfo Valentino F. Bautista was
installed as the fifth president of PCCR. 2021 July: Ms. Angelica Lei G. Bautista was
installed as the sixth president of PCCR. It is the pioneer school of criminology for scientific
crime detection and police science education in the Philippines. The school currently offers
doctorate, master and bachelor's degrees in criminology, and high school diploma. It also
conducts review classes for Licensure Examinations in Criminology.
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

The faculty of social sciences will give the researcher a letter of introduction after the
research project is approved to aid in the data collection procedure. Before the questionnaires
are issued, the letter will be seen by the municipal officials. Participants would receive
assurances regarding their privacy. In addition to conducting interviews, questionnaires will
be distributed. The data will be analyzed, sorted, and grouped. There will be
recommendations and conclusions made.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The instruments that the researchers used in this study were survey questionnaires. The
questions are asked in English, but respondents can use the language that they are most
comfortable with to express their opinions on certain topics. Through this survey
questionnaire, the researchers will know what impact technology has on a Grade 12 student's
academic achievement at the Philippine College of Criminology. The survey questionnaire
contains questions about the perception of grade 12 students in PCCr about the effectiveness
of technology in their academic success: what are technology's advantages and disadvantages
in terms of student achievement? What role does technology play in helping students reach
their academic objectives? This instrument is used by the researchers to gather data.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION

“This study has followed all factors and criteria that are relevant to protecting the
integrity of this study, especially The following considerations are critical during data
collecting in order to verify that a study is ethical.”

Collection:

Do not mislead participants about the true goal of a study.

Do not ask the respondent questions that may humiliate him or her.
Do not ask the responder questions that may induce emotional distress by reminding
him or her of an unpleasant event.
Do not ask respondents guilt-inducing questions.
Do not ask the respondent any inquiries that may infringe on his or her privacy.
Do not harm the respondents by researching them without their knowledge.
Do not threaten or coerce the respondent into taking part.
Do not break a confidentiality agreement by revealing information about the
responders.

REFERENCES :

A source by organization (no individual author)

SOE (2020) “How Important Is Technology in Education? Benefits, Challenges, and Impact on
Students”

https://soeonline.american.edu/blog/technology-in-education#:~:text=Technology%20provides
%20students%20with%20easy,difficult%20concepts%2C%20particularly%20in%20STEM.

A source by one author

Rebecca Flores (2021)”What Is a Questionnaire and How Is It Used in Research?”

https://luc.id/knowledgehub/what-is-a-questionnaire/#:~:text=A%20questionnaire%20is%20a
%20research,comprise%20an%20interview%2Dstyle%20format.

A source with no publication date

Julie Tausend “How is Technology for Students Enhancing Their Learning Opportunities?”

https://edtechmagazine.com/higher/article/2013/08/how-students-use-technology-outside-classroom
A source by organization (no individual author)

Participants of educ (2018) Technology and the Curriculum Summer

https://techandcurriculum.pressbooks.com

A source by two author

Oghenetega Ivwighreghweta & Mercy Arodovwe Igere (2014). “Impact of the Internet on Academic
Performance of Students in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria”

https://www.ajol.info/index.php/iijikm/article/download/144636/134284/0

A source by one author

Mary Wangari Mwangi (2010) “Data Collection Procedure

https://ir.kiu.ac.ug/bitstream/20.500.12306/8191/1/Mary%20Wangari%20Mwangi.pdf