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InterHarm UGM16

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67 views25 pages

InterHarm UGM16

Uploaded by

David Moreno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Case Study: Investigation of Nuisance

Tripping in a 200 MW Wind Farm


Python Tutorial
2016 PSCAD® User Group Meeting
Houston, TX
Oct 6 - 7, 2016

Ketut Dartawan , Amin M Najafabadi


Outline

 Project’s specification and history of the event

 Scope of the study

 Considered scenarios

 Time domain simulations


 Discussion about harmonic and Inter-harmonics

 Frequency domain simulation results

 Conclusion

1-2
Project Info

 200 MW DFIG wind farm connected to 345 KV system.

 95 WTG distributed on eight 34.5 KV collector feeders.

 Project includes 4x12 MVAR cap banks (on 34.5 KV collector


buses) to meet LGIA PF requirement.

 Project experienced nuisance tripping of WTGs during cap banks


switching.

 Trip signals recorded by WTGs indicate power quality and


harmonic distortion issues.

 Harmonic distortion study of the Project did not indicate potential


violations. 1-3
A picture is worth a thousand
words!

4
Scope of the Study

 Develop a detailed model of the Project using PSCAD.

 Developed model should take into account background distortion and


include sufficient details to capture transient waveform developed on
collector system following cap bank switching.

 Study various cap banks switching events and monitor output of WTGs
at 690 V side of GSUs.

 For each scenario, evaluate harmonic and interharmonic distortions


seen by WTGs

 Identify sensitivity of results with respect to grid short circuit capability,


Project’s dispatch and #WTGs in service.

5
Scenarios
# WTG Dispatch Switching Sequence
SCR

1-6
Summary of Time-Domain
Simulations

7
Sample Simulation

Scenario#8:

Scenario#15:

8
Voltage and Current at 690 V Scenario#15:

9
Passive Frequency
Scan

1-10
Passive Frequency
Scan

 Harmonic Impedance component from Master Library.


 Output system harmonic impedance versus frequency after
running for two time steps.

 Results of frequency scan indicate resonance point around 8.6th


,5.9th, 4.8th and 3.8th harmonics.

 Results in our case matched very well with ETAP software!

1-11
Harmonics &
Interharmonics
 Harmonics:
“A sinusoidal component of a periodic wave or quantity having a
frequency that is an integral multiple of fundamental frequency (IEEE
519-1992).”

Harmonic f=hxf1 h is an integer

 Inter-Harmonics:
“Between the harmonics of the power frequency voltage and current,
further frequencies can be observed which are not an integer of the
fundamental. They can appear as discrete frequencies or as a wide-
band spectrum (IEC-1000-2-1)”.

Inter-Harmonic f=hxf1 h is a non integer

1-12
Interharmonic Sources
& Impacts
 Sources:

 Cycloconverters
 Static Frequency Converters
 Arcing Load (e.g. welders and furnaces)
 Induction motors and particularly DFIGs

 Impacts:

 Heating
 Power quality and flicker
 Filter overloads
 CT saturations
 Excitation of torsional oscillation

13
Measurement

 Most of the measurement methods that are being used today are
based on FFT/DFT.
 A waveform consisting of inter-harmonics might not be periodic.
End-effect errors are encountered if sampled waveform is not
periodic over sampling interval. DFT based on single cycle
samples can yield inaccurate results if waveform includes
interharmonic components.
 IEC 61000-4-7 recommends measurement interval of twelve
cycles for calculation of interharmonics in 60 Hz system.

 Windowing functions and zero padding can be used to minimize


end-effects and increase frequency resolution.

1-14
T(t)= sin(2xpi x60t)+[.3xsin(2xpi x300t)+.2xsin(2xpi x530t)] x [(U(t-7.1)-U(t-7.5) )]

1-15
1-16
How inter-harmonic was
related in our study?
 Lets look at scenario#15 again!

1-17
Collector Voltage

1-18
WTG Current

1-19
THD/TIHD

34.5 KV Collector

20
Voltage at 690 V WTG Terminal Current at 690 V WTG Terminal

21
 Processing time-domain waveforms of switching scenarios indicated
considerable inter-harmonic distortion in all problematic scenarios.

Scenario# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 16 17 18

#WTGs 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 48 95 48

WTG_ Dispatch
0.17 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.23 1 1 1 1
(PU)

GRID_SCR Nom Min Nom Min Nom Min Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom

From_ Time (sec) 7 7 4 4 6 6 5 7 7 7 7

To_ Time (sec) 7.5 7.8 4.8 4.4 6.3 6.6 5.5 7.3 7.8 7.3 7.7

Estimated
Interharmonic 532 515 531 514 531 515 532 532 490 532 489
Frequency (Hz)

22
Conclusion

 Capacitor bank switching events were studied for a 200 MW


wind farm composed of ninety five 2.1 MW DFIGs. Study was
aimed to illustrate the root cause of nuisance WTG tripping
observed in the field.
 Time domain simulations indicated abnormal transients
following cap bank switching. Abnormal transients were
initiated short after last cap bank in service was switched out.

 Frequency processing of time-domain signals indicated high


inter harmonic distortions. This observation was in line with
field measurements and control signals recorded by actual
WTGs.
 Close proximity of Inter harmonic currents generated by
WTGs to resonance point of the system was identified as the
root cause of abnormal temporary overvoltages.
1-23
Conclusion

 Simulation of various scenarios indicated:

 High sensitivity of results with respect to #WTGs in service.


Abnormal transient overvoltage was developed on 34.5 KV
collector in all cases where at least of half of WTGs were in
service.

o Change of the grid short circuit capability in the range


studied (i.e. minimum and nominal) impacted time domain
waveform but it did not cause nor eliminate abnormal
transient phenomenon.

1-24
1-25

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