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Differentiation
 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM

Differentiation
Prepared by
Mr / David Tallat
Assiut STEM School
[ MA 3.01 , 3.05 , 3.06 , 3.07 , 3.08 ]

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Derivatives :
𝒇 ( 𝒙+𝒉 )−𝒇 ( 𝒙 )
If y f xthen the derivative is defined to be f x) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒉 →𝟎 
𝒉

Interpretation of the Derivative :

If y = f ( x) then,

1. m f ais the slope of the tangent line to y f xat x a

2. f ais the instantaneous rate of change of f ( x) at x = a .

3. If f ( x) is the position of an object at time x then f ais the velocity of the object at x = a .

Basic Properties and Formulas

If f ( x) and g ( x) are differentiable functions (the derivative exists), c and n are any
real numbers,
1. c f c f x

2. f g f xgx

3. f g f g f g– Product Rule

𝒇  𝒇′ 𝒈 −𝒈′ 𝒇
4. ( )   – Quotient Rule
𝒈 𝒈𝟐

𝒅
5. (𝒄)=0
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
6. ( 𝒙𝒏 ) = n x n-1 – Power Rule
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
7. ( 𝒇 ( 𝒈 ( 𝒙 ) ) = f '( g ( x ) ) g'(x) - This is the Chain Rule .
𝒅𝒙

Derivatives of some functions :

𝒅
1. (𝒙)=1
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
2. ( 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) = f x cos ( f ( x ))
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
3. ( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) = - f x sin ( f ( x ))
𝒅𝒙

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
𝒅
4. ( 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) = f x sec2( f ( x ))
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
5. ( 𝒔𝒆𝒄 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) = f x sec ( f ( x )) tan ( f ( x ))
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
6. ( 𝒄𝒔𝒄 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) = - f x csc ( f ( x )) cot ( f ( x ))
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
7. ( 𝒄𝒐𝒕 ( 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) = - f x csc2 ( f ( x ))
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
8.
𝒅𝒙
( 𝒆 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) = f x 𝒆𝒇 ( 𝒙 )
𝒅
9.
𝒅𝒙
( 𝒂 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ) = f xln a . 𝒆𝒇 ( 𝒙 )

𝒅 𝒇′ (𝒙)
10. ( 𝒍𝒏 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )) =
𝒅𝒙 𝒇 (𝒙)

𝒅 𝒇′ (𝒙)
11. ( 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒇 ( 𝒙 )) =
𝒅𝒙 𝒇 (𝒙)𝒍𝒏 𝒂

𝒅 −𝟏 𝒇′ (𝒙)
12. ( 𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝒇(𝒙))=
𝒅𝒙 𝟏+ [ 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ]𝟐

𝒅 −𝟏 − 𝒇′ (𝒙)
13. ( 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒇(𝒙))=
𝒅𝒙 √𝟏− [ 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ]𝟐

𝒅 −𝟏 𝒇′ (𝒙)
14. ( 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒇(𝒙))=
𝒅𝒙 √𝟏− [ 𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ]𝟐
𝒅
15. ( e f (x) ) = e f (x) 𝒇′ (𝒙)
𝒅𝒙
𝒅
16. [ f ( x ) ]n = n [ f (x) ]n – 1 f x
𝒅𝒙

Higher Order Derivatives :

𝒅𝟐 𝒇
** The Second Derivative is denoted as f '' ( x ) = f (2) (x) =
𝒅 𝒙𝟐
and is defined as the derivative of the first derivative .

𝒅𝒏 𝒇
** The nth Derivative is denoted as f (n) (x) = and is defined as the derivative of the
𝒅 𝒙𝒏
( n – 1 )st derivative

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Implicit Differentiation : [ MA.3.01 ]
The relation x2 +2xy+ y2 = 1 is called implicit relation and the differentiation in this case
is called implicit differentiation . You can find the derivative of the two sides then :
2x + 2x y' + 2 y + 2 y y' = 0 then you can find y' .

The two equations of the tangent and the normal to a curve :

Notes :
−𝒂
1 . The slope of the straight line a x + b y + c = 0 is
𝒃
𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
2 . The slope of the straight line passes through the two points (x1 , y1) , ( x2 , y2 ) is
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
3 . If the straight line makes a angle 𝜽 with the positive direction of x axis then the slope of
the straight line = tan .
4 . The slope of x axis = The slope of any horizontal line ( parallel to x axis ) = 0 .
𝟏
5 . The slope of y axis = The slope of any vertical line ( parallel to y axis ) = ( undefined ).
𝟎
6 . If the two straight lines L1 and L2 are parallel then the slope of the first = the slope of the
second .
7 . . If the two straight lines L1 and L2 are perpendicular then the slope of any one =
−𝟏
𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓
8 . The equation of the straight line :
** The vector form :
r = a + k u where a (x1 , y1) is a point lies on the straight line and u ( a , b ) is a direction
vector to it .
** The parametric form :
X = x1 + k a , y = y1 + k b
** The Cartesian form :
𝒚− 𝒚𝟏
= The slope . where (x1 , y1) is a point lies on the straight line .
𝒙− 𝒙𝟏
9 . Related time rates :
Remember that :
** The perimeter of the rectangle = 2 ( length + width )
** The area of the rectangle = length x width
** The perimeter of the square = 4 x the side length .
** The area of the square = (the side length )2
** The perimeter of the triangle = the sum of its side lengths .
𝟏
** The area of the triangle = the base x the height .
𝟐

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** The perimeter of the parallelogram = 2 x the sum of two adjacent sides .
𝟏
** The area of the parallelogram = the base x the height .
𝟐
** The perimeter of the rhombus = 4 x the side length .
** The area of the rhombus = the side length x the height .
** The perimeter of the trapezium = the sum of its side lengths .
𝟏
** The area of the trapezium = the sum of its parallel bases x the height .
𝟐
** The perimeter of the circle = 2 𝝅 r where r is the radius lemgth .
** The area of the circle = 𝝅 r2 .
** The perimeter of the sector = 2 x the radius length + the length of the arc .
𝟏 𝟏
** The area of the sector = the radius length x the length of the arc = x the measure of
𝟐 𝟐
the central angle in radian x the square of the radius length .
** The lateral area of the cube = 4 x the square of its side length .
** The total area of the cube = 6 x the square of its side length .
** the volume of the cube = ( the side length ) 3
** The lateral area of the cuboid = 2 x the sum of lengths of two adjacent sides of its base x
the height .
** The total area of the cuboid = the lateral area + 2 x the area of its base .
** the volume of the cuboid = the product of lengths of three sides from a vertex .
** The lateral area of the right circular cylinder = 2 𝛑 x the radius length of its base x its
height .
** The total area of the right circular cylinder = the lateral area + 2 x the area of its circular
base .
** the volume of the right circular cylinder = 𝛑 x the square of the radius length of its base x
the height .
** The area of the sphere = 4 𝛑 x the square of the radius length .
𝟒
** the volume of the sphere = 𝛑 x the cube of the radius length .
𝟑
** The lateral area of the right cone = 𝛑 x the radius length of its base x its side length .
** The total area of the right cone = the lateral area + the area of its circular base .
𝟏
** the volume of the right cone = 𝛑 x the square of its radius length x its height .
𝟑
** The lateral area of the prism = the base perimeter x the height .
** The total area of the cuboid = the lateral area + 2 x the area of its base .
** the volume of the cuboid = the area of its base x the height .
𝟏
** The lateral area of the regular pyramid = x the base perimeter x the slant height .
𝟐
** The total area of the right cone = the lateral area + the area of its base .
𝟏
** the volume of the right cone = x the area of its base x the height .
𝟑

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Increasing and decreasing of the functions : [ MA.3.05 , MA . 3.06 ]
Critical Points :
x c is a critical point of f xprovided either :

f c0 or 2. f cdoesn’t exist.

Increasing / Decreasing

1. If f x0 for all x in an interval I then f xis increasing on the interval I.

2. If f x0 for all x in an interval I then f xis decreasing on the interval I.
3. If f x0 for all x in an interval I then f xis constant on the interval I.
Extrema :

Relative (local) Extrema

1. x = c is a relative (or local) maximum of f ( x) if f (c) ≥ f ( x) for all x near c.

2. x = c is a relative (or local) minimum of f ( x) if f (c) ≤ f ( x) for all x near c .
Notes :
If f ( a ) is defined and f c0 or f cdoesn’t exist then the point ( a , f ( a ) ) is
critical and so it is :
** Local maximum if f x changes its sign around ( a ) from ( + ) to ( - ) [ from the left to
the right ]
** Local minimum if f x changes its sign around ( a ) from ( - ) to ( + ) [ from the left to
the right ]
** Neither Local maximum nor minimum if f x does not change its sign around ( a ) .
2nd Derivative Test
If x c is a critical point of f xsuch that f c0 then x c
1. is a relative maximum of f xif f c0 .
2. is a relative minimum of f xif f c0 .
3. may be a relative maximum, relative minimum, or neither if f c0 .
Absolute Extrema :
1. x c is an absolute maximum of f xif f cf xfor all x in the domain.
2. x c is an absolute minimum of f xif f cf xfor all x in the domain.

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Finding Absolute Extrema :
To find the absolute extrema of the continuous
function f xon the interval a,buse the following process.
1. Find all critical points of f xin a,b.
2. Evaluate f xat all points found in Step 1.
3. Evaluate f aand f b.
4. Identify the abs. max. (largest function value) and the abs. min.(smallest function
value) from the evaluations in Steps 2 & 3.
Convexity of curves and inflection points :
Concave Up / Concave Down
1. If f x0 for all x in an interval I then f xis concave up on the interval I.
2. If f x0 for all x in an interval I then f xis concave down on the interval I.
Inflection Points :
x c is a inflection point of f xif the concavity changes at x c .

Motion using a derivative : [ MA.3.07 ]

Let :
r ( t ) is the position vector function .
S ( t ) is the displacement vector function .
V ( t ) is the velocity vector function .
A ( t ) is the acceleration vector function .
** The velocity vector of a particle at any instant t is equal to the derivative of its position
vector at this instant .
** The instantaneous velocity of a particle at a certain instant is equal to the derivative of its
displacement vector between the initial instant and the instant at time ( t ) . [ S = r – r0 ]
[ r0 is r at t = 0 ]
** The instantaneous acceleration vector of the particle at any instant is equal to the
derivative of its velocity vector at this instant .

Differential equations : [ MA.3.08 ]

A differential equation is an equation containing an unknown function and its derivatives
.Order of Differential Equation :
The order of the differential equation is order of the highest derivative in the differential
equation.

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Degree of Differential Equation :

The degree of a differential equation is power of the highest order derivative term in the
differential equation.

Linear Differential Equation :

A differential equation is linear, if

1. dependent variable and its derivatives are of degree one.

2. coefficients of a term does not depend upon dependent variable.

Euler’s Method for Ordinary Differential Equations :

Euler’s method uses to solve ordinary differential equations of the form :
𝒅𝒚
= f ( x , y ) , y ( 0 ) = y0
𝒅𝒙
The Euler solution equation is :
Y i + 1 = y i + f ( xi , yi ) h where h is the step size .

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Exercises

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𝒅𝒚
(1) If 3x2 + 2 x y + y2 = 2 , then the value of at x = 1 is …………
𝒅𝒙

(a) - 2 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 4 (e) not defined

[ AP 1969 ]
Solution :
Since : 3 x2 + 2 x y + y2 = 2
Then : 6 x + 2 y + 2 x y' + 2 y y' = 0
− 𝟔 𝒙−𝟐 𝒚
Then y' = ……… (1)
𝟐 𝒙+𝟐 𝒚

At x = 1 : 3 + 2 y + y2 = 2
Then : y2 + 2 y + 1 = 0 >>>>> ( y + 1 )2 = 0 >>>>>>> y = - 1 at x = 1
Substituting by x = 1 and y = - 1 in (1)
Then : y' not defined . (e)
𝐤
(2) For what value of k will x + have a relative maximum at x = - 2 ?
𝐱

(A) –4 (B) –2 (C) 2 (D) 4 (E) None of these

[ AP 1969 ]
Solution :
𝒌
Let y = x +
𝒙
𝒌 𝒌
Then y' = 1 - = 0 >>>>> at x = - 2 >>>> y' = 1 - = 0
𝒙𝟐 𝟒

Then k = 4 (D)
(3) When the area in square units of an expanding circle is increasing twice as
fast as its radius in linear units, the radius is ……….. [ AP 1969 ]
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1 (E) 𝝅
𝟒𝝅 𝟒 𝝅

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Solution :
𝒅𝑨 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝒓
A = π r2 >>>>>> =2πr >>>>> 2 =2πr
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝟏
Then r = (c)
𝝅
−𝟏
(4) The point on the curve x2 + 2y = 0 that is nearest the point ( 0 , ) occurs
𝟐
where y is ……..[ AP 1969 ]

𝟏 −𝟏
(A) (B) 0 (C) (D) - 1 (E) none of the above
𝟐 𝟐

Solution :
−𝟏 −𝟏
Let L be the distance between ( x , x2 ) and ( 0 , )
𝟐 𝟐

Then
𝟏 𝐝𝐋 𝟏
L2 = x2 + ( x2 – 1 )2 >>>>>> 2L =2x+ ( x2 – 1 ) 2x
𝟒 𝐝𝐱 𝟐

𝐝𝐋 𝐱 𝟑 +𝐱 𝟏
Then = ,L= ( x4 + 2x2 + 4 ) [ can not be = 0 ]
𝐝𝐱 𝟐𝐋 𝟒

x3 + x = 0 >>>>>> x ( x2 + 1 ) = 0 >>>>>>>> x = 0
----------------------- +++++++++++++++
0

Then the distance L has a local minimum value at x = 0

At x = 0 y = 0 (b)

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(5) If f '(x) and g'(x) exist and f '(x) > g '(x) for all real x, then the graph of
y = f (x) and the graph of y = g(x)
(A) intersect exactly once.
(B) intersect no more than once.
(C) do not intersect.
(D) could intersect more than once.
(E) have a common tangent at each point of intersection [ AP 1969 ]

Solution :
Let Z = f(x) – g(x)
Then Z' = f '(x) – g '(x) > 0 because f '(x) > g '(x)
Then Z is increasing
Then Z intersects x axis at one point or is not intersect x axis at any point ( for
example ex ) (B)
(6) If y is a function of x such that y ' > 0 for all x and y'' < 0 for all x , which
of the following could be part of the graph of y = f (x)? [ AP 1969 ]

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Solution :
y ' > 0 then y is increasing ; y'' < 0 the graph is concave down . Only B meets
these conditions. (B)

(7) The graph of y = 5x4 - x5 has a point of inflection at ………… [ AP 1969 ]

(A) (0,0) only (B) (3,162) only (C) (4,256) only
(D) (0,0) and (3,162) (E) (0, 0) and (4, 256)

Solution :
y' = 20 x3 – 5 x4 >>>>> y'' = 60 x2 – 20 x3 = 20 x2 ( 3 – x ) = 0
Then x = 0 , x = 3
++++++++ +++++++++ --------------

0 3
Then the curve has a point of inflection at ( 3 , 162 ) (B)
𝐱
(8) An equation for a tangent to the graph of arcsin at the origin is [ AP 1969 ]
𝟐
(A) x – 2 y = 0 (B) x – y = 0 (C) x = 0 (D) y = 0
(E) π x – 2 y = 0

𝟏
𝐱 𝟐
Solution : y = sin -1 y' =
𝟐 𝐱
√𝟏−( 𝟐 )𝟐

𝟏
At x = 0 y' = ( The slope of the tangent )
𝟐
𝟏
Then the equation of the tangent is y – 0 = ( x – 0 ) >>>> x – 2 y = 0 (A)
𝟐

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(9) At x = 0 , which of the following is true of the function f defined by
f ( x ) = x2 + e -2x [ AP 1969 ]
(A) f is increasing.
(B) f is decreasing.
(C) f is discontinuous.
(D) f has a relative minimum.
(E) f has a relative maximum.

Solution :
f ' ( x ) = 2 x – 2 e -2x >>>>>> f ' ( 0 ) = - 2 < 0 then f is decreasing (B)
𝒅
(10) ( 𝒍𝒏 𝒆𝟐𝒙 ) = ……………[ AP 1969 ]
𝒅𝒙

𝟏 𝟐
(A) (B) (C) 2 x (D) 1 (E) 2
𝒆𝟐𝒙 𝒆𝟐𝒙
Solution :
𝐝 𝟏
( 𝐥𝐧 𝐞𝟐𝐱 ) = 𝐞𝟐𝐱 (2) =2
𝐝𝐱 𝐞𝟐𝐱

Or
𝐝 𝐝
( 𝐥𝐧 𝐞𝟐𝐱 ) = (𝟐𝐱)=2 (E)
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐱

𝐝𝐲
(11) If sin x = e y , 0 < x < π , what is in terms of x ? [ AP 1969 ]
𝐝𝐱
(A) – tan x (B) – cot x (C) cot x (D) tan x (E) csc x
Solution :
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱
cos x = e y y' >>>>> y' = = = cot x (C)
𝐞𝐲 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱

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(12) If a function f is continuous for all x and if f has a relative maximum at
(-1,4) and a relative minimum at (3 , - 2) , which of the following statements
must be true? [ AP 1969 ]
(A) The graph of f has a point of inflection somewhere between x = - 1 and x = 3.
(B) f '(-1) = 0
(C) The graph of f has a horizontal asymptote.
(D) The graph of f has a horizontal tangent line at x = 3.
(E) The graph of f intersects both axes .

Solution : (E)
In the opposite graph f has a relative maximum at x = - 1 and a relative
minimum at x = 3
But
** The graph of f has not a point of inflection .
** f '(-1) ≠ 0
** The graph of f has not a horizontal asymptote.
** The graph of f has not a horizontal tangent line
at x = 3
-1 3

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𝟏 𝐝𝐲
(13) If y = tan u , u = v - and v = ln x what is the value of at x = e ?
𝐯 𝐝𝐱
𝟏 𝟐
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) (E) sec2e
𝐞 𝐞

[ AP 1969 ]

Solution :
𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐮 𝐝𝐯
=
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐮 𝐝𝐯 𝐝𝐱
𝐝𝐲 𝟏
Then = sec2 u ( 1 + v -2 ) ( )
𝐝𝐱 𝐱

At x = e >>> v = 1 and u = 0
𝟏 𝟐
At x = e >>>>> y' = sec20 [ 1 + 1 ] ( ) = (D)
𝐞 𝐞

(14) What are all values of k for which the graph of y = x3 -3x2 + k will have
three distinct x-intercepts? [ AP 1969 ]
(A) All k > 0 (B) All k < 4 (C) k = 0, 4 (D) 0 < k > 4 (E) All k

Solution : y = x3 -3x2 + k >>>> y' = 3x2 – 6 x = 0

Then 3x ( x – 2 ) = 0 >>>>> x = 0 , x = 2
At x = 0 y=k , At x=2 y=k–4
f has a relative maximum at (0, k) and a relative minimum at (2 , k - 4)
since the graph have three distinct x-intercepts
Then k > 0 and k–4<0
So k > 0 , k < 4 >>>>>>>> 0<k<4 (D)

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𝐝 𝐝 𝐝𝟐
(15) If [ f ( x ) ] = g ( x ) and [ g ( x ) ] = f ( x2 ) , then f ( x3 ) =
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐱 𝟐

(A) f ( x 6) (B) g( x 3) (C) 3x2 g( x 3)

(D) 9 x4 f ( x 6) + 6 x g( x 3) (E) f ( x 6) + g( x 3) [ AP 1969 ]
Solution :
Let y = f ( x3 ) >>>>>>> y' = f ' ( x3 ) 3x2 = g ( x3 ) 3x2
y '' = g ' ( x3 ) (3x2) (3x2 ) + g ( x3 ) 6x = 9x4 f ( x6 ) + 6x g (x3) (D)
(16) If f(x) = ( x2 + 1 )(2 – 3 x ) then f ' (1) = …………
−𝟏 −𝟑 −𝟏 𝟏
(A) ln (8e) (B) - ln (8e) (C) ln (2) (D) (E)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟖

[ AP 1969 ]
Solution :
Ln f(x) = ( 2 – 3 x ) ln ( x2 + 1 )
𝒇′(𝒙) 𝟐 𝒙 ( 𝟐−𝟑 𝒙 )
= - 3 ln ( x2 + 1 ) +
𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒙𝟐 +𝟏

𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏
At x = 1 >>>>>> f '(1) = [ - 3 ln 2 – 1 ] = [ ln 8 + ln e ] = ln 8e (A)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

(17) If y = cos2 3x , then y' = ………[ AP 1973 ]

(A) -6sin 3x cos3x (B) -2cos3x (C) 2cos3x

(D) 6cos3x (E) 2sin 3x cos3x

Solution :
y =( cos 3 x )2 >>>>> y' = 2 cos 3x ( - sin 3 x ) ( 3 ) = - 6 sin 3x cos 3 x (A)

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
(18 ) If the line 3x - 4y = 0 is tangent in the first quadrant to the curve y = x3 + k
, then k is ………[ AP 1973 ]
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟏
(A) (B) (C) 0 (D) (E)
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟐

Solution :
𝟑
The slope of the tangent =
𝟒
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
y' = 3 x2 >>>>>>>> 3 x2 = >>>>>> x = ± >>>>>> x =
𝟒 𝟐 𝟐

By substituting in the equation of the tangent by the value of x

𝟑
Then y =
𝟖

By substituting in the equation of the curve by the values of x and y

𝟏
Then k = (B)
𝟒

(19 ) Suppose that f is an odd function; i.e., f (- x) = - f (x) for all x. Suppose that
f '(x0 ) exists . Which of the following must necessarily be equal to f '(- x0 )?
𝟏 −𝟏
(A) f '(x0 ) (B) - f '(x0 ) (C) (D) (E) none of these
𝐟′(𝐱 𝟎 ) 𝐟′(𝐱 𝟎 )

[ AP 1973 ]
Solution :
Since f (- x) = - f (x) >>>>> f '(- x) (-1) = - f ' (x) >>>> f '(- x) = f ' (x)
Then f '(- x0) = f ' (x0) (A)

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𝒅𝒏 𝒚
(20) If y = enx , then 𝒅𝒙𝒏 = ……….

(A) nn enx (B) n! enx (C) n enx (D) nn ex (E) n! enx

[ AP 1973 ]

Solution :
𝐝𝐧 𝐲
y' = n enx >>>> y'' = n2 enx >>>>> = nn enx
𝐝𝐱 𝐧

(21) If f is a continuous function on [a,b], which of the following is

necessarily true?

(A) f ' exists on ]a , b[ .

(B) If f (x0 ) is a maximum of f , then f '(x0 )= 0 .
(C) 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱 → 𝐱𝟎 𝐟 ( 𝐱 ) = f ( 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱 → 𝐱𝟎 𝐱) for x0 ∈ ]a ,b[
(D) f '(x0 )= 0 for some x ∈ [a,b]
(E) The graph of f ' is a straight line. [ AP 1973 ]

Solution :

(C) This uses the definition of continuity of f at x = x0

−𝟏
(22) For what non-negative value of b is the line given by y = 𝐱+b
𝟑
normal to the curve y = x3 ?
𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 √𝟑
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 𝟑 (D) (E)
𝟑 𝟑
[ AP 1973 ]

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Solution :
−𝟏
The slope of the normal =
𝟑
Then the slope of the tangent = 3
y' = 3x2
then : 3x2 = 3 >>>>>> x = ± 1
𝟒
x=1 y=1 then b =
𝟑
−𝟐
x=-1 y = -1 then b = ( refused )
𝟑
𝟒
then b = (C)
𝟑

(23) Which of the following is true about the graph of :

y = ln |𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏 | in the interval ]-1,1[ ?
(A) It is increasing.
(B) It attains a relative minimum at (0,0) .
(C) It has a range of all real numbers.
(D) It is concave down.
(E) It has an asymptote of x = 0 . [ AP 1973 ]
Solution :
X2 – 1 = 0 x=±1
++++++++ --------------------- +++++++
-1 1

Then |𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏 | = 𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏 when x ∈ R - ]-1,1[

And |𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏 | = − (𝐱 𝟐 − 𝟏) when x ∈ ]-1,1[

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
Then y = ln ( 1 – x2 )
−𝟐𝐱
Then y' =
𝟏− 𝐱 𝟐

y' = 0 at x = 0 and y' undefined at x = ± 1

----------------- ++++ ---------- +++++

-1 0 1
At x = 0 y = 1 then the function attains a relative maximum at ( 0 , 1 )
−𝟐𝐱
Since y' =
𝟏− 𝐱 𝟐

− 𝟐 ( 𝟏− 𝐱 𝟐 )+𝟐 𝐱 (−𝟐 𝐱 ) − 𝟐 𝐱 𝟐 −𝟐
Then y '' =
( 𝟏− 𝐱 𝟐 )𝟐
= ( 𝟏− 𝐱𝟐)𝟐

y'' = 0 at x2 = -1 ( refused ) and y'' undefined at x = ± 1

------------------ -------------------- ---------------
-1 1

Then the graph of the function concave down . (D)

𝟏
(24) If f ( x ) = 𝟑 x3 - 4 x2 + 12 x – 5 and the domain is the set of all x

such that 0 < x < 9 , then the absolute maximum value of the function f
occurs when x is …..
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 9
[ AP 1973 ]

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
Solution :
𝟏
f ( x ) = x3 - 4 x2 + 12 x – 5
𝟑

Then f ' (x) = x2 – 8 x + 12 = 0

( x – 6 )(x – 2 ) = 0
Then x = 6 ∈ ] 0 , 9 [ , x=2∈]0,9[
𝟏𝟕
f(0)=-5 , f(2)= , f(6)=-5 , f ( 9 ) = 22
𝟑

Then the absolute maximum value of the function f occurs when x = 9 (E)
(25) Let f and g be differentiable functions such that : [ AP 1973 ]
f (1) = 2 , f '(1) = 3 , f '(2) = - 4
g(1) = 2 , g'(1) = -3 , g'(2) = 5
If h(x) = f (g(x)) , then h'(1) = …..
(A)–9 (B)–4 (C) 0 (D) 12 (E) 15

Solution :

h'(1) = f '(g(1)) . g'(1) = f '(2) . g'(1) = - 4 x – 3 = 12 (D)

(26) If f is the solution of x f '(x) - f (x) = x such that f (-1) =1 , then
f (e-1 ) = …….
(A) -2e-1 (B) 0 C) e-1 (D) – e -1 (E) 2e-2
[ AP 1973 ]
Solution :
Since x f '(x) - f (x) = x Divide the two sides over x2

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
𝐱 𝐟′(𝐱) − 𝐟 (𝐱) 𝟏
Then =
𝐱𝟐 𝐱
𝐝 𝐟(𝐱) 𝟏 𝐟(𝐱)
Then ( )= >>>>> = ln|𝐱| + c
𝐝𝐱 𝐱 𝐱 𝐱

Since f (-1) =1 then c = - 1

Then f ( x ) = x ln|𝐱| - x
Then f (e-1 ) = -2e -1

(27) If f (x) = ex , which of the following is equal to f '(e)?

𝐞𝐱+𝐡 𝐞𝐱+𝐡 − 𝐞𝐞
(A) 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐡 →𝟎 (B) 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐡 →𝟎
𝐡 𝐡
𝐞𝐱+𝐡 − 𝐞 𝐞𝐱+𝐡 − 𝟏
(C) 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐡 →𝟎 (D) 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐡 →𝟎
𝐡 𝐡
𝐞𝐞+𝐡 − 𝐞𝐞
(E) 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐡 →𝟎 [ AP 1985 ]
𝐡

Solution :
𝐟 ( 𝐱+𝐡 )− 𝐟 ( 𝐱 )
f '(x) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐡 →𝟎
𝐡

𝐞 𝐱+𝐡 − 𝐞𝐞
then f '(e) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐡 →𝟎 (E)
𝐡

(28) If the position of a particle on the x-axis at time t is -5t2 , then the
average velocity of the particle for 0 < t < 3 is ………… [ AP 1985 ]
(A) - 45 (B) - 30 (C) - 15 (D) – 10 (E) - 5

Solution :
Let x(t) = - 5t2 be the position at time t .

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𝐱 ( 𝟑 )−𝐱 ( 𝟎 ) − 𝟒𝟓 −𝟎
Average velocity = = = - 15 (C)
𝟑−𝟎 𝟑−𝟎

(29)

The graph of the derivative of f is shown in the figure above. Which of

the following could be the graph of f ?

[ AP 1985 ]

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
Solution :

+++++++ ------------------ ++++++

-1 1

Then the function has a local maximum value when x = - 1 and local minimum
value when x = 1 (B)
(30) If f is a continuous function defined for all real numbers x and if
the maximum value of f (x) is 5 and the minimum value of f (x) is -7 ,
then which of the following must be true?
I. The maximum value of f (|𝐱|) is 5.
II. The maximum value of |𝐟(𝐱)| is 7.
III. The minimum value of f (|𝐱|) is 0.
(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only
(D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III [ AP 1985 ]

Solution :

(B) Because 5 and – 7 are values of y or f(x) , If i put |𝐱| that will change the
value of x and the value of y ( maximum value or minimum value ) does not
change . But if i put |𝐟(𝐱)| that will change the value of y ( maximum value or
minimum value ) and since |− 𝟕 | > |𝟓 | then The maximum value of |𝐟(𝐱)| is 7

(31) Which of the following functions shows that the statement .“If a
function is continuous at x = 0 , then it is differentiable at x = 0 .” is
false?
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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
−𝟒 −𝟏 𝟏
(A) f ( x ) = 𝐱 𝟑 (B) f ( x ) = 𝐱 𝟑 (C) f ( x ) = 𝐱 𝟑

𝟒
(D) 𝐱 𝟑 (E) x3 [ AP 1985 ]

Solution : (C) Because the function is continuous at x = 0 but f '(x) at x = 0 is x

not defined

(32) If f and g are twice differentiable functions such that :

g ( x ) = 𝐞𝐟 ( 𝐱 ) and g'' ( x ) = h ( x ) 𝐞𝐟 ( 𝐱 ) then h ( x ) = …………

(A) f ' ( x ) + f '' ( x ) (B) f ' ( x ) + ( f '' ( x ))2

(C) [f ' ( x ) + f '' ( x )]2 (D) [f ' ( x )]2 + f '' ( x )
(E) 2f ' ( x ) + f '' ( x ) [ AP 1985 ]

Solution :

g' ( x ) = 𝒆𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) f '(x)

g'' ( x ) = 𝒆𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) [f '(x)]2 + 𝒆𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) f ''(x) = 𝒆𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) ( [f '(x)]2 + f ''(x) ) (D)

(33)

The graph of y = f (x) on the closed interval [2,7] is shown above. How
many points of inflection does this graph have on this interval?
(A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four (E) Five [ AP 1985 ]

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Solution : (C) Look for concavity changes, there are 3.

(34) Let f be a function that is continuous on the closed interval [-2,3]

such that f '(0) does not exist, f '(2) = 0, and f ''(x) < 0 for all x except
x = 0. Which of the following could be the graph of f ?

[ AP 1985 ]

Solution :
Graphs A and B contradict f ''(x) < 0 . Graph C contradicts f '(0) does not exist.
Graph D contradicts continuity on the interval [-2,3] . Graph E meets all given
conditions. (E)
(35)
The graph of y = f (x) is
shown in the figure shown .
On which of the following
intervals are y' > 0 , y'' <0
I. a < x < b
II. b < x < c
III. c < x < d
(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and II (E) II and III
[ AP 1988 ]

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Solution : since y' > 0 , y'' <0 then the function is increasing and concave
down (B)

(36) A particle moves along the x-axis so that at any time t ≥ 0 its
position is given by : x(t) = t3 - 3t2 - 9t +1
For what values of t is the particle at rest?
(A) No values (B) 1 only (C) 3 only (D) 5 only (E) 1 and 3

[ AP 1988 ]
Solution : since x(t) = t3 - 3t2 - 9t +1
Then v ( t ) = 3t2 – 6 t – 9 = 0 ( divide by 3 )
Then t2 – 2 t – 3 = 0 >>>>> ( t – 3 )(t + 1 ) = 0

Then t = 3 , t = - 1 ( refused ) (C)

(37) At x = 3, the function given by :
X2 ,x<3
f(x)=
6x–9 ,x≥3 is :
(A) undefined.
(B) continuous but not differentiable.
(C) differentiable but not continuous.
(D) neither continuous nor differentiable.
(E) both continuous and differentiable. [ AP 1988 ]

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
Solution :
f ( 𝟑+ ) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱 → 𝟑+ ( 𝟔 𝐱 − 𝟗 ) = 9

f ( 𝟑− ) = 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱 → 𝟑− ( 𝐱 𝟐 ) = 9

f(3)=6x3–9=9

Then f ( 𝟑+ ) = f ( 𝟑− ) = f ( 3 )

Then the function is continuous at x = 3

f '( 𝟑+ ) = 6 and f '( 𝟑− ) = 6

then f '( 𝟑+ ) = f '( 𝟑− )

then the function is differentiable at x = 3 (E)

(38) The sides of the rectangle

opposite increase in such a way that :

𝐝𝐳 𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐲
= 1 , 𝐝𝐭 = 3 𝐝𝐭
𝐝𝐭

At the instant when x = 4 and y = 3 ,

𝐝𝐱
what is the value of 𝐝𝐭 ?

𝟏
(A) 𝟑 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) √𝟓 (E) 5

[ AP 1988 ]

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
Solution :
Since x2 = z2 – y 2

𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐳 𝐝𝐲
Then 2 x =2z -2y
𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭

At x = 4 and y=3 >>>> z = 5

𝐝𝐱 𝟏 𝐝𝐱
Then : 8 ( ) = 10 (1) – 6 (𝟑)
𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭

𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐱
Then 10 ( ) = 10 >>>> 𝐝𝐭 = 1 (B)
𝐝𝐭

(39) Which of the following pairs of graphs could represent the graph
of a function and the graph of its derivative?

(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and III (E) II and III
[ AP 1988 ]

Solution : (D) (1) f ' is positive [ f ' above x axis ] that means f is increasing
and there are not any critical points [f ' ≠ 0 and f ' is defined for all values of x ]

(3) f ' is positive from 0 to a positive number then equal 0 at this number and is
negative from this number to another positive number that means the function
is increasing from 0 to a positive number then the tangent to the curve at this

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number is horizontal then the function is decreasing from this number to
another positive number .

𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝐱+𝐡 )−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱

(40) 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐡 →𝟎 is ………..
𝐡

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) sin x (D) cos x (E) nonexistent

[ AP 1988 ]

𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝐱+𝐡 )−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱

Solution : 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐡 →𝟎 = f ' (x) and f(x) = sin x
𝐡
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝐱+𝐡 )−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
Then 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐡 →𝟎 = cos x (D)
𝐡

(41) For any time t ≥ 0 , if the position of a particle in the xy-plane is

given by x = t2 +1 and y = ln (2t + 3) , then the acceleration vector is
………….
𝟐 −𝟒 𝟒
(A) ( 2 t , 𝟐 𝐭+𝟑 ) (B) ( 2 t , ) (C) ( 2 , )
( 𝟐 𝐭+𝟑 )𝟐 ( 𝟐 𝐭+𝟑 )𝟐
𝟐 − 𝟒
(D) ( 2 , ) (E) ( 2 , ) [ AP 1988 ]
( 𝟐 𝐭+𝟑 )𝟐 ( 𝟐 𝐭+𝟑 )𝟐

Solution : The position vector r = (t2 + 1 , ln ( 2t + 3 ))

𝟐
Then the velocity vector v = ( 2 t , )
𝟐 𝒕+𝟑
−𝟒
And the acceleration vector a = ( 2 , ) (E)
(𝟐 𝒕+𝟑 )𝟐

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(42) If the graph of y = x3 + ax2 + bx - 4 has a point of inflection at
(1,- 6), what is the value of b ?
(A) –3 (B) 0 (C) 1
(D) 3 (E) It cannot be determined from the information given
[ AP 1988 ]
Solution :
Since y = x3 + ax2 + bx - 4
Then y' = 3x2 + 2 ax + b and y'' = 6 x + 2 a
Since y'' = 0 at x=1 then 6+2a=0 then a=-3
Since (1 , - 6 ) ∈ the curve
Then 1 + a + b – 4 = - 6 then 1 – 3 + b – 4 = - 6 then b = 0

(43) A person 2 meters tall walks directly away from a streetlight that
is 8 meters above the ground. If the person is walking at a constant
𝟒
rate and the person’s shadow is lengthening at the rate of meter per
𝟗

second , at what rate, in meters per second, is the person walking?

𝟒 𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟔
(A) 𝟐𝟕 (B) 𝟗 (C) 𝟒 (D) 𝟑 (E) 𝟗

[ AP 1988 ]

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
Solution :
𝐝𝐬 𝟒
=𝟗
𝐝𝐭 8
Using similarity of two 2
triangles
x S
𝟐 𝐬
=
𝟖 𝐱+𝐬

Then x + s = 4s >>>> x=3s

𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐬 𝟒
Then =3 =𝟑 (D)
𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭
𝐝𝐲
(44) If = y sec2x and y = 5 when x = 0 then y = ……..
𝐝𝐱

(A) e tanx + 4 (B) e tanx + 5 (C) 5 e tanx

(D) tan x + 5 (E) tan x + 5 ex [ AP 1988 ]
𝐝𝐲
Solution : Since If = y sec2 x
𝐝𝐱

𝐝𝐲
Then = sec2 x dx >>>>>> ln|𝐲| = tan x + c
𝐲

Since y = 5 when x=0 >>>>> then c = ln 5

Then ln|𝐲| = tan x + ln 5 >>>>>> y=e tan x + ln 5

Then y = e ln 5 e tan x >>>>>> y = 5 e tan x (C)

(45 ) Let f and g be functions that are differentiable everywhere. If g is
−𝟏
the inverse function of f and if g(-2) = 5 and f ' (5) = 𝟐 then g '(-2) =
………. [ AP 1988 ]
𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏
(A) 2 (B) 𝟐 (C) 𝟓 (D) 𝟓 (E) – 2

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Solution : Since f and g are inverses then their derivatives at the inverse points
are reciprocals .

Then g '(-2) . f ' (5) = 1 >>>>> g '(-2) = -2 (E)

(46) Bacteria in a certain culture increase at a rate proportional to the

number present. If the number of bacteria doubles in three hours, in
how many hours will the number of bacteria triple? [ AP 1988 ]
𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 𝟐 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟗
(A) (B) (C) (D) ln (E) ln 𝟐
𝐥𝐧 𝟐 𝐥𝐧 𝟐 𝐥𝐧 𝟐 𝟐

𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲
Solution : = k y >>>>>> = k dt >>>>> ln |𝐲| = k t + c1
𝐝𝐭 𝐲

Then y = e kt + c1 >>>>> y = c e kt

At t = 0 y = yo >>>>> c = yo >>>>> y = yo e kt

Since y doubles at t = 3 [ y = 2 yo at t = 3 ] >>>>> 2 yo = yo e 3k

𝐥𝐧 𝟐
Then 2 = e 3k >>>> ln 2 = 3k >>>>> k=
𝟑
𝐥𝐧 𝟐
𝐭
Then y = yo 𝐞 𝟑

𝐥𝐧 𝟐 𝐥𝐧 𝟐
𝐭 𝐭
At y = 3 yo >>>>>> 3 yo = yo 𝐞 𝟑 >>>>> 3 = 𝐞 𝟑

𝐥𝐧 𝟐 𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝟑
Then ln 3 = t >>>>> t= (A)
𝟑 𝐥𝐧 𝟐

(47) What is the area of the largest rectangle that can be inscribed in
the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 = 36 ? [ AP 1988 ]
(A) 6√𝟐 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D) 24√𝟐 (E) 36
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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
Solution :
The area of the rectangle = ( 2x ) ( 2 y ) (x,y)

A = 4 xy y
x
𝐝𝐀
= 4 y + 4 x y'
𝐝𝐭
𝟏
And y = √𝟑𝟔 − 𝟒 𝐱 𝟐 [ from the equation of the ellipse ]
𝟑

−𝟒𝐱
Then y' =
√𝟑𝟔−𝟒 𝐱 𝟐

𝐝𝐀
Then = 4 y + 4 x y'
𝐝𝐭
𝐝𝐀 𝟒 𝟒 −𝟒𝐱
= √𝟑𝟔 − 𝟒 𝐱 𝟐 + x
𝐝𝐭 𝟑 𝟑 √𝟑𝟔−𝟒 𝐱 𝟐

𝐝𝐀 𝟑
= 0 >>>>> 36 – 4 x2 = 4 x2 >>>> 8 x2 = 36 >>>> x = ±
𝐝𝐭 √𝟐

𝐝𝐀
undefined when 36 – 4 x2 = 0 >>>>> x2 = 9 >>>>> x = ± 3
𝐝𝐭

xxxxxxxxxx +++++++ +++++++++ --------------- xxxxxxxx

-3 −𝟑 𝟑 3
√𝟐 √𝟐

𝟑
Then the area of the rectangle is maximum at x =
√𝟐
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
At x = >>>> y = √𝟑𝟔 − 𝟒 𝐱 𝟐 >>>>>> y = √𝟑𝟔 − 𝟏𝟖 = √𝟐
√𝟐 𝟑 𝟑

Then the largest area of the rectangle = 4xy = 12 (B)

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(48) How many critical points does the function :
f (x) = (x + 2)5 (x - 3)4 have?
(A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Five (E) Nine

[ AP 1993 ]
Solution : f '(x) = 5 (x + 2 )4 ( x – 3 )4 + 4 ( x – 3 )3 ( x + 2 )5
= ( x + 2 ) 4 ( x – 3 )3 [ 5 ( x - 3) + 4 ( x + 2 ) ]
= ( x + 2 ) 4 ( x – 3 )3 ( 9 x – 7 )

Then there are three critical points (C)

(49) The top of a 25-foot ladder is sliding down a vertical wall at a
constant rate of 3 feet per minute. When the top of the ladder is 7 feet
from the ground, what is the rate of change of the distance between the
bottom of the ladder and the wall?
−𝟕 −𝟕
(A) feet per minute (B) feet per minute
𝟖 𝟐𝟒
𝟕 𝟕
(C) 𝟐𝟒 feet per minute (D) 𝟖 feet per minute
𝟐𝟏
(E) 𝟐𝟓 feet per minute [ AP 1993 ]

Solution :
𝐝𝐲
= - 3 ( the vertical distance is decreasing ) 25
𝐝𝐭 y
At y = 7
x
X = √𝟐𝟓𝟐 − 𝟕𝟐 = 24
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X2 + y2 = 252
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲
Then 2x + 2y = 0 [ x = 24 at y = 7 and =-3]
𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭

𝐝𝐱 𝟕
Then =𝟖 (D)
𝐝𝐭

(50) Consider the curve in the xy-plane represented by x = et and

y = te–t for t ≥ 0 . The slope of the line tangent to the curve at the point
where x = 3 is ……….
(A) 20.086 (B) 0.342 (C)–0.005 (D) –0.011 (E)–0.033
[ AP 1993 ]
Solution :
𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐲
= >>>>>> = ( e –t - t e –t ) e –t
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐱

At x = 3 >>>> e t = 3 >>>>> t = ln 3
𝐝𝐲 𝟏 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 𝟏
Then = ( 𝐞− 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 - ln 3 𝐞− 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 ) 𝐞− 𝐥𝐧 𝟑 = ( - ) ( ) = - 0.011 (D)
𝐝𝐱 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑

(51) Consider all right circular cylinders for which the sum of the
height and circumference is 30 centimeters. What is the radius of the
one with maximum volume?
𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟎
(A) 3 cm (B) 10 cm (C) 20 cm (D) 𝛑𝟐 cm (E) cm
𝛑

[ AP 1993 ]

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Solution :
H + 2 𝛑 r = 30

V = 𝛑 r2 h = 𝛑 r2 ( 30 - 2 𝛑 r ) = 30 𝛑 r2 – 2 𝛑𝟐 r3
𝐝𝐯
= 60 𝛑 r – 6 𝛑𝟐 r2 = 0
𝐝𝐫
𝟏𝟎
6 𝛑 r ( 10 - 𝛑 r ) = 0 >>>> r = 0 , r =
𝛑

+++++++ ++++++++ -----------

0 𝟏𝟎
𝝅
𝟏𝟎
Then the cylinder has a maximum volume at r =
𝛑
(E)

(52) A railroad track and a road cross at right angles. An observer

stands on the road 70 meters south of the crossing and watches an
eastbound train traveling at 60 meters per second. At how many
meters per second is the train moving away from the observer 4
seconds after it passes through the intersection?
(A) 57.60 (B) 57.88 (C) 59.20 (D) 60.00 (E) 67.40

[ AP 1997 ]
Solution :
60 m/s
Let x is the distance travelled by the train
x
from the crossing .
𝐝𝐱
70 m
= 60 S
𝐝𝐭

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
S2 = x2 + 702
𝐝𝐬 𝐝𝐱
Then 2S = 2x
𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭

After 4 seconds x = 60 x 4 = 240 m

And S = √𝟕𝟎𝟐 + 𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟐 = 250 m

𝐝𝐬 𝐝𝐬
Then : 250 = (240)(60) >>>>>> = 57.6 m/s (A)
𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭

(53) If y = 2x -8 , what is the minimum value of the product xy ?

(A) –16 (B) –8 (C) –4 (D) 0 (E) 2

[ AP 1997 ]
Solution :
Let z = xy = x ( 2x – 8 ) = 2x2 – 8x
Then z' = 4x – 8 = 0 >>>>> x = 2
----------------------- +++++++++++

2
Then at x = 2 , z = xy has its minimum value .
At x = 2 >>>> y = 2(2) – 8 = - 4

Then the minimum value of the product = 2 ( - 4 ) = - 8 (B)

(54) let f ( x ) = √𝐱 If the rate of change of f at x = c is twice its rate of

change at x =1, then c = …….. [ AP 1997 ]
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(A) 𝟒 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) (E) 𝟐√𝟐
√𝟐

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Solution :
𝟏
The rate of change of f = f '(x) =
𝟐 √𝐱

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=2. then c = (A)
𝟐 √𝐜 𝟐 √𝟏 𝟒

𝒅𝒚
(55) If x = e2t , y = sin2t then = ………..
𝒅𝒙

𝒆𝟐𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒕
(A) 4 e2t cos2t (B) (C)
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒕 𝟐 𝒆𝟐𝒕
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒕
(D) (E) [ AP 1997 ]
𝟐 𝒆𝟐𝒕 𝒆𝟐𝒕

Solution :
𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐱
= 𝐝𝐭 . 𝐝𝐱 , = 2 cos2t , = 2 e2t
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭
𝐝𝐲 𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝐭
Then = 2 cos 2t . = (E)
𝐝𝐱 𝟐 𝐞 𝟐𝐭 𝐞𝟐𝐭

(56)

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The function f is defined on the closed interval [0,8] . The graph
of its derivative f ' is shown above .

(1) The point (3, 5) is on the graph of y = f (x) . An equation of the line
tangent to the graph of f at (3,5) is …………
(A) y = 2 (B) y = 5 (C) y - 5 = 2(x – 3)
(D) y + 5 = 2(x – 3) (E) y + 5 = 2( x + 3)

(2) How many points of inflection does the graph of f have?

(A) Two (B) Three (C) Four (D) Five (E) Six

(3) At what value of x does the absolute minimum of f occur?

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 8

[ AP 1997 ]
Solution :
(1) f ' (3) = 2

Then the equation of the line tangent is ( y – 5 ) = 2 ( x – 3 ) (C)

(2) f '' (x) = 0 [ the slope of the tangent to the curve f '(x) = 0 or the tangent to
the curve f '(x) is horizontal ]

Then there are 6 inflection points . (E)

(3) the function f is increasing on [ 0 , 6 ](because the graph of f ' above x axis )

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
And the function is decreasing on [ 6 , 8 ] (because the graph of f ' under x axis )

By comparing areas it is clear that f increases more than it decreases, so the

absolute minimum must occur at the left endpoint , x = 0 (A)

(57)

The graph of f ' , the derivative of f , is shown in the figure above. Which
of the following describes all relative extrema of f on the open interval
]a,b[?
(A) One relative maximum and two relative minima .
(B) Two relative maxima and one relative minimum .
(C) Three relative maxima and one relative minimum .
(D) One relative maximum and three relative minima .
(E) Three relative maxima and two relative minima .

[ AP 1997 ]

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
Solution :

f ' changes from positive to negative once and from negative to positive twice.
Thus one relative maximum and two relative minimums. (A)

(58) Let f and g be differentiable functions with the following

properties:
(i) g(x) > 0 for all x
(ii) f (0) =1
If h(x) = f (x)g(x) and h'(x) = f (x)g'(x) , then f (x) = ……….
(A) f '(x) (B) g(x) (C) ex (D) 0 (E) 1
[ AP 1998 ]
Solution :

Since h(x) = f (x)g(x)

Then h'(x) = f '(x)g(x) + f (x)g ′(x)
Since h'(x) = f (x)g'(x)
Then f '(x) = 0 >>>> f ( x ) = constant

Since f (0) =1 then f ( x ) = 1 (E)

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(59)

f(x)

The graph of a twice-differentiable function f is shown in the figure

above. Which of the following is true?
(A) f(1) < f '(1) < f ''(1) (B) f(1) < f ''(1)< f '(1)
(c) f '(1) < f(1) < f ''(1) (D) f ''(1)< f(1) < f '(1)
(E) f ''(1)< f '(1) < f(1) [ AP 1998 ]

Solution :

f ( 1 ) = 0 , f ' ( 1 ) > 0 [ the slope of the tangent to the curve at x = 1 makes an

acute angle with the positive direction of x axis ]
f '' (1) < 0 [ the curve concave down for all values of x ]

Then f '(1) < f(1) < f ''(1) (c)

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(60) Let f be a function defined and continuous on the closed interval
[a,b]. If f has a relative maximum at c and a < c < b , which of the
following statements must be true?
I. f '(c) exists.
II. If f '(c) exists, then f '(c) = 0.
III. If f ''(c) exists, then f ''(c) ≤ 0 .
(A) II only (B) III only (C) I and II only
(D) I and III only (E) II and III only [ AP 1998 ]

Solution : (E)

I. False. The relative maximum could be at a cusp.

II. True. There is a critical point at x = c where f '(c) exists
III. True. If f ''(c) > 0 , then there would be a relative minimum, not maximum

(61) Shown opposite is a slope field

for which of the following
differential equations?

𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲
(A) =1+x (B) = x2
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐱

𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐱
(C) = x+y (D) =
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐱 𝐲
𝐝𝐲
(E) 𝐝𝐱
= ln y [ AP 1998 ]

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
Solution :

When y = - x , y' = 0 (C)

(62) If f is a vector-valued function defined by f (t) = (e-t , cos t ) , then

f ''(t) = ………..

(A) – e– t + sin t (B) e– t – cos t (C) ( - e- t , sin t )

(D) (e- t , cos t ) (E) (e- t , - cos t ) [ AP 1998 ]
Solution :

f '(t) = (- e -t , - sin t )

f ''(t) = (e -t , - cos t ) (E)

(63) Family y = Ax + A3 of curve represented by the differential
equation of degree :
(a) three (b) two (c) one (d) none of these
Solution :
𝐝𝐲
Since y = Ax + A3 >>>> =A
𝐝𝐱

Substituting by A in the given equation

𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲
Then : y = x + ( )3 >>>> the differential equation of third degree (a)
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐱

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(64) Which of the following differential equations has the same order
and degree :
𝐝𝟒 𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝟑 𝐲 4 𝐝𝐲
(a) 𝐝𝐱𝟒 + 8 ( 𝐝𝐱 )6 + 5 y = ex (b) 5 ( 𝐝𝐱𝟑 ) + 8 ( 1 + 𝐝𝐱 )2 + 5 y = x8
𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝟑 𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲
(c) [ 1 + ( 𝐝𝐱 )3 ]2/3 = 4 𝐝𝐱𝟑 (d) y = x2 𝐝𝐱 + √𝟏 − ( 𝐝𝐱 )𝟐

Solution : (c)

Option (a) has order = 4, degree =1 Option (b) has order = 3, degree = 4
Option (c) has order = 3, degree = 3 (taking cube)

Option (d) has order =1, degree = 2 (squaring)

(65) The differential equation of straight lines passing through the

point (1, -1) is :

𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲
(a) y = (x + 1) 𝐝𝐱 + 1 (b) y = (x + 1) 𝐝𝐱 + 1
𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲
(c) y = (x - 1) 𝐝𝐱 + 1 (d) y = (x - 1) 𝐝𝐱 - 1

Solution :

The equation of the straight line is : ( y + 1 ) = m ( x – 1 )

𝒅𝒚
Then : ( y + 1 ) = (x–1)
𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒚
Then y = (x–1)–1 (d)
𝒅𝒙

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𝐝𝐲
(66) The solution of the equation : 𝐝𝐱 = ( x + y )2 is :

(a) x + y + tan ( x + c) = 0 (b) x - y + tan ( x + c) = 0

(c) x + y - tan ( x + c) = 0 (d) none of these

Solution :
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝒗
Let x + y = v >>>>> 1 + = 𝒅𝒙 >>>> 𝒅𝒙 = v2 + 1 [ v2 = ( x + y )2]
𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒗
Then = dx >>>>> tan-1 v = x + c >>>> v = tan ( x + c )
𝒗𝟐 +𝟏

Then x + y = tan ( x + c ) >>>>> x + y – tan ( x + c ) = 0 (c)

(67) A particle moves in a straight line with a velocity given by
𝐝𝐱
= x + 1 ( x is the distance described). The time taken by a particle to
𝐝𝐭

traverse a distance of 99 metre is :

𝟏
(a) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝐞 (b) 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐞 𝟏𝟎 (c) 2 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝐞 (d) 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝐞

Solution :
𝐝𝐱 99
= dt >>>>> [ ln ( x + 1 ) ] =t+c
𝐱+𝟏 0
At t = 0 x = 0 >>>> c = 0
Then ln 100 = t >>>>> t = 2 ln 10 = 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐞 𝟏𝟎 (b)

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(68) Solution of differential equation xdy - ydx = 0 represents :
(a) rectangular hyperbola (b) straight line passing through origin
(c) parabola whose vertex is at origin
(d) circle whose centre is at origin

Solution :
Since x dy – y dx = 0
𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 𝒚
Then - =0 >>>>> ln y – ln x = ln c >>>> ln = ln c
𝒚 𝒙 𝒙

Then y = c x (b)
(69) The rate of increase of bacteria in a certain culture is proportional
to the number present. If it double in 5 hours , then in 25 hours, its
number would be :
(a) 8 times the original (b) 16 times the original
(c) 32 times the original (d) 64 times the original

Solution :
𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲
= ky >>>>>> = k dt >>>>> ln y = kt +c1 >>>>> y = c e kt
𝐝𝐭 𝐲

At t=0 , y = yo >>>>> y = yo e kt
At t = 5 y = 2 yo >>>>> 2 yo = yo e 5 k >>>> 2 = e 5 k
𝐥𝐧 𝟐
Then k =
𝟓
𝟐𝟓 𝐥𝐧 𝟐
At t = 25 y = yo 𝐞 𝟓 = 32 yo (c)
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(70) Water is dropped at the rate of 2m3/s into a cone of semi vertical
angle of 45° . The rate at which periphery of water surface charges
when height of water in the cone is 2m is …………..
(a) 2 m/s (b) 1 m/s (c) 3 m/s (d) 4 m/s

Solution :
𝒅𝒗 𝒅 𝟏 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝒓 𝟐
= 2 >>>>> [ 𝝅 r3 ] = 2 >>>> [ 𝝅 r2 ] = 2 >>>> =
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝟑 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝝅 𝒓𝟐

𝒅 𝟒
Multiplying by 2𝝅 to the two sides : [2𝝅r]=
𝒅𝒕 𝒓𝟐

Since the semi vertical angle = 45° >>>>> r = h = 2 m

𝒅𝒑 𝟒
Then
𝒅𝒕
=
𝟒
=1 (b)

(71) Two ships A and B are sailing straight away from a fixed point O
along routes such that AOB is always 120°. At a certain instance,
OA = 8 km, OB = 6 km and the ship A is sailing at the rate of 20 km/hr
while the ship B sailing at the rate of 30 km/hr. Then the distance
between A and B is changing at the rate (in km/hr): [ JEE 2014 ]
𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝟖𝟎 𝟖𝟎
(a) (b) (c) (d) 𝟑𝟕
√𝟑𝟕 𝟑𝟕 √𝟑𝟕

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Solution : A
Let OA = x , OB = y , AB = z
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐲 z
= 20 , = 30 x
𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭

z2 = x2 + y2 – 2 xy cos 120°
120°
z2 = x2 + y2 + xy O y B
𝐝𝐳 𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐱
2z = 2x + 2y +x +y …….. **
𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐭

When x = 8 , y = 6 >>>> z2 = 64 + 36 – 2 (8)(6) cos 120°

Then z = 2 √𝟑𝟕
Substituting in **
𝐝𝐳
2 (2 √𝟑𝟕 ) = 2(8)(20) + 2(6)(30)+8(30)+6(20)
𝐝𝐭

𝐝𝐳 𝟐𝟔𝟎
Then
𝐝𝐭
=
√𝟑𝟕
(a)

(72) Let f(x) = sin4x + cos4x. Then f is an increasing function in the

interval :
𝟓𝛑 𝟑𝛑 𝛑 𝟓𝛑 𝛑 𝛑 𝛑
(a) ] , ] ( b) ] , ] (c) ] , ] (d) ] 0 , ]
𝟖 𝟒 𝟐 𝟖 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒

[ JEE 2014 ]
Solution :
Since f(x) = sin4x + cos4x >>>>> f '(x) = 4 sin3x cosx - 4cos3x sinx
f '(x) = 4 sin x cos x [ sin2x – cos2x] = -4sinx cosx cos 2x = -2 sin2x cos2x
then f '(x) = - sin 4x = 0

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then 4x = 0 >>>>> x = 0
and 4x = 180 >>>> x = 45°
and 4x = 360 >>>> x = 90
++++ ---------
0 45 90

f '(x) > 0 >>>>> - sin 4x > 0 >>>>>>> sin 4x < 0

𝛑 𝛑
x∈]
𝟒
,
𝟐
] (c)

(73) Let f and g be two differentiable functions on R such that

f '(x) > 0 and for all x ∈R . Then for all x :
(a) f (g (x)) > f (g (x – 1)) (b) f (g (x)) > f (g (x + 1))
(c) g(f (x)) > g (f (x – 1)) (d) g(f (x)) < g (f (x + 1))

[ JEE 2014 ]
Solution :
Since f '(x) > 0 then f is increasing >>>> f ( x + 1 ) > f (x)
And g'(x) < 0 then g is decreasing >>>>> g ( x+1) < g(x)
Since f ( x + 1 ) > f (x) and g ( x+1) < g(x)
Then g [ f(x+1) ] < g [ f(x) ]

And f [ g(x+1) ] < f [ g(x) ] (b)

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(74) The real number k for which the equation , 2x3 + 3x + k = 0
has two distinct real roots in [0, 1]
(a) lies between 1 and 2
(b) lies between 2 and 3
(c) lies between .1 and 0
(d) does not exist. [ JEE 2013 ]

Solution :
Let f(x) = 2x3 + 3x + k >>>>> f '(x) = 6 x2 + 3 > 0 for all values of x

Then f is increasing >>>> then f has one root (d)

(75) Statement-1: The function x2 (ex + e–x) is increasing for all x > 0.
Statement-2: The functions x2ex and x2e–x are increasing for all x > 0
and the sum of two increasing functions in any interval (a, b) is an
increasing function in (a, b).
(a) Statement-1 is false; Statement-2 is true.
(b) Statement-1is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is not a correct
explanation for Statement-1.
(c) Statement-1 is true; Statement-2 is false.
(d) Statement-1is true; Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct
explanation for statement-1. [ JEE 2013 ]

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Solution :

Let f(x) = x2 (ex + e–x)

f '(x) = 2x (ex + e–x) + x2(ex - e–x) > 0 for all x >0
then : Statement-1 is true
Let f(x) = x2ex

Then f '(x) = 2x ex + x2 ex = xex( 2 + x) > 0 for all x > 0

Let f(x) = x2e -x

Then f '(x) = 2x e-x - x2 e-x = xe-x ( 2 – x ) is not >0 for all x > 0

Then Statement-2 is false (c)

(76) How many real solutions does the equation
x7 + 14x5 + 16x3 + 30x – 560 = 0 have?
(a) 7 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 5
[ JEE 2008 ]
Solution :

Let f (x) = x7 + 14x5 + 16x3 + 30x – 560

Then f '(x) = 7x6 + 70x4 + 48 x2 + 30 > 0 for all values of x

The f is increasing in R .

Then f intersects x axis at one point .

Then the number of real solutions = 1 (b)

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(77) The function f (x) = tan–1(sin x + cos x) is an increasing function
in …….
𝛑 −𝛑 𝛑 𝛑 𝛑 −𝛑 𝛑
(a) ] 0 , [ ( b) ] , [ (c) ] , [ (d) ] , ]
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒

[ JEE 2007 ]
Solution :
Since f (x) = tan–1(sin x + cos x)
𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 √𝟐 ( )𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱
√𝟐
Then f '(x) = =
𝟏+( 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 )𝟐 𝟏+( 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 )𝟐

√𝟐 ( 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 ) √𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( 𝟒𝟓+𝐱 )

= = 𝟏+( 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 )𝟐
𝟏+( 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐱 )𝟐

Cos ( 45 + x ) = 0 >>>> 45 + x = 90 >>>>> x = 45

And 45 +x = 270 >>>> x = 225 = 225 – 360 = -135
+++++++ ------------------ ++++++
45 225

Then the function is increasing in ] -135 , 45 [ (d) a part of the interval that
the function increasing in .

(78) A tangent to the curve, y = f (x) at P(x, y) meets x-axis at A and y-

axis at B. If AP : BP = 1 : 3 and f (1) = 1 , then the curve also passes
through the point : [ JEE 2017 ]
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(a) ( 𝟑 , 24 ) (b) ( 𝟐 , 4 ) (c) ( 2 , 𝟖 ) (d) ( 3 , 𝟐𝟖 )

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
Solution :
The equation of the tangent passing through the
B
Point P( x , y ) is : P(x,y)
Y – y = y' ( X – x )
x A
To find the point A put Y = 0
Then - y = y' ( X – x )
−𝐲
Then X = +x
𝐲′
−𝐲
Then A ( +x,0)
𝐲′

Since AP : PB = 1:3 >>>>> BP : BA = 3:4

−𝐲
Then x : +x = 3:4
𝐲′

− 𝐲+𝐱𝐲 ′
Then x : =3:4
𝐲′

𝐱𝐲 ′ 𝟑
Then = >>>>> 4 𝐱𝐲 ′ = 3 𝐱𝐲 ′ - 3 y >>>> 𝐱𝐲 ′ = - 3 y
− 𝐲+𝐱𝐲 ′ 𝟒

−𝟑𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐱
Then 𝐲 ′ = >>>>> = -3 >>>>> ln y = -3 lnx + c1
𝐱 𝐲 𝐱
𝟏
𝐥𝐧 𝐜
y=𝐜 𝐞 𝐱𝟑 >>>>> y =
𝐱𝟑
𝟏
Since f (1) = 1 >>>> c=1 >>>>> y=
𝐱𝟑

Then x3 y = 1 (c)

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(79) Consider :
𝟏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 𝛑 𝛑
f (x) = tan-1( √ 𝟏−𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐱 , x ∈ ] 0 , 𝟐 [ a normal to y = f(x) at x =𝟔 also

passes through the point :

𝛑 𝛑 𝟐𝛑
(a) ( 𝟔 , 0 ) (b) ( 𝟒 , 0 ) (c) ( 0 , 0) (d) ( 0 , )
𝟑

[ JEE 2016 ]
Solution :
𝐱 𝐱 𝐱 𝐱 𝐱 𝐱 𝐱 𝐱
1 + sin x = 1 + 2 sin cos = sin2 + 2 sin cos + cos2 = ( cos + sin )2
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

By the same way :

𝐱 𝐱
1 – sin x = ( cos - sin )2
𝟐 𝟐
𝐱 𝐱
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝐱
Then f(x) = tan -1 𝐱 𝐱 dividing by cos
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝟐
𝐱
𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐
Then f (x) = tan-1 𝐱
𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐

𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐱+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐲
Since tan ( x + y ) =
𝟏−𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐱 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝐲
𝛑 𝐱 𝐱
𝛑 𝐱 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒+𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐
Then tan ( + ) = 𝛑 𝐱 = 𝐱
𝟒 𝟐 𝟏−𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟒 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐 𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟐
𝛑 𝐱
Then f(x) = tan-1 [ tan ( + ) ]
𝟒 𝟐
𝛑 𝐱
Then y = +
𝟒 𝟐
𝟏
Then y' = >>>>> the slope of the normal = - 2
𝟐
𝛑 𝛑
At x = >>>>> y =
𝟔 𝟑
𝛑 𝛑
Then the equation of the normal : ( y - )=-2(x- )
𝟑 𝟔

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 Final revision on math for TOC EXAM
𝟐𝛑
y+2x=
𝟑
(d)
(80) The normal to the curve, x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0, at (1, 1)
(a) meets the curve again in the third quadrant.
(b) meets the curve again in the fourth quadrant.
(c) does not meet the curve again.
(d) meets the curve again in the second quadrant
[ JEE 2015 ]
Solution :
Since
x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0
then 2 x + 2 y + 2x y' – 6 yy' = 0
At ( 1 , 1 ) y' = 1
𝐲−𝟏
Then the equation of the normal is : = -1
𝐱−𝟏

Then y – 1 = - x + 1 >>>> y + x – 2 = 0 [ the equation of the normal ]

By solving the two equations of the curve and the normal we get :
y = 2 – x >>>> x2 + 2 x ( 2 – x ) – 3 ( 2 – x )2 = 0
Then x2 + 4 x – 2 x2 – 12 + 12 x – 3 x2 = 0
Then - 4 x2 + 16 x – 12 = 0 divide by – 4
Then x2 – 4 x + 3 = 0 >>>> ( x – 3 ) ( x – 1 ) = 0
Then x = 3 , x=1
At x = 3 y = -1 , x=1 y=1

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Then the points of intersection of the normal and the curve are ( 3 , - 1 ) ( 1 , 1 )

(a)
(81) If the tangent to the conic, y – 6 = x2 at (2, 10) touches the circle,
x2 + y2 + 8x – 2y = k (for some fixed k) at a point (a, b) ; then (a, b) is :
−𝟕 𝟔 −𝟒 𝟏 −𝟔 𝟏𝟎 −𝟖 𝟐
(a) ( , 𝟏𝟕 ) (b) ( , 𝟏𝟕 ) (c) ( , 𝟏𝟕 ) (d) ( , 𝟏𝟕 )
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕

[ JEE 2015 ]
Solution :
The slope of the tangent to the conic is y' = 2 x = 4
The slope of the straight line passes through the two points ( a , b ) and ( 2 , 10 )
𝐛−𝟏𝟎
is
𝐚−𝟐
𝐛−𝟏𝟎
Then =4 >>>>> b – 10 = 4 a – 8 >>>>> b = 4 a + 2
𝐚−𝟐

Since the slope of the tangent to the circle = 4

Then 2 x + 2 yy' + 8 – 2 y' = 0 at ( a , b )
Then 2a + 8 b + 8 – 8 = 0 >>>>> a = - 4 b
𝟐
Then b = - 16 b + 2 >>>>> 17 b = 2 >>>>> b =
𝟏𝟕
−𝟖
Then a = (d)
𝟏𝟕

(82) The distance, from the origin , of the normal to the curve ,
𝛑
x = 2 cos t + 2t sin t , y = 2 sint – 2t cost at t = 𝟒 is ……….. [ JEE 2015 ]
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) √𝟐 (d) 2 √𝟐

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Solution :
𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐭 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐭−𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐭+𝟐𝐭 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐭
= = = tan t = tan 45 = 1
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝐭 𝐝𝐱 − 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐭+𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐭+𝟐 𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐭
𝛑 𝛑
At t = 45 >>>> x = √𝟐 + and y = √𝟐 -
𝟐 √𝟐 𝟐 √𝟐

The slope of the normal = -1

𝛑 𝛑
Then the equation of the normal is : y - √𝟐 + =(- 1 ) [ x - √𝟐 - ]
𝟐 √𝟐 𝟐 √𝟐

Then y + x - 2 √𝟐 = 0
Then the distance from (0 , 0 ) to the normal is :
|𝐲 – 𝐱 − 𝟐 √𝟐| |𝟎 – 𝟎 − 𝟐 √𝟐|
√𝟏+𝟏
=
√𝟏+𝟏
= 2 (a)

(83) The normal to the curve x = a(1+ cos𝜽) , y = a sin𝜽 at ‘𝜽’

always passes through the fixed point :
(a) (a, a) (b) (0, a) (c) (0, 0) (d) (a, 0)
[ JEE 2004 ]
Solution :
𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝐲 𝐝𝛉 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝛉
= = = - cot 𝛉 [ the slope of the tangent ]
𝐝𝐱 𝐝𝛉 𝐝𝐱 − 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉

Then the slope of the normal = tan 𝛉

Then the equation of the normal is :
y – a sin 𝛉 = tan 𝛉 ( x – a – a cos 𝛉 )
Then y = ( x – a ) tan 𝛉 – a sin 𝛉 + a sin 𝛉

Then y = ( x – a ) tan 𝛉 always passes through the point ( a , 0 ) (d)

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(84) A function y = f (x) has a second order derivative f "(x) = 6(x -1).
If its graph passes through the point (2,1) and at that point the tangent
to the graph is y = 3x – 5, then the function is …….
(a) (x +1)2 (b) (x -1)3 (c) (x +1)3 (d) (x -1)2
[ JEE 2004 ]
Solution :
f ''(x) = 6 x – 6 >>>> f '(x) = 3x2 – 6 x + c
the slope of the tangent to the curve = 3 at x = 2
Then 3 = 12 – 12 + c1 >>>> c1 = 3
Then f '(x) = 3x2 – 6 x + 3
Then f(x) = x3 – 3 x2 +3 x + c2
Since (2 , 1 ) ∈ the curve >>>> 1 = 8 – 12 +6 + c2 >>>>> c2 = - 1

Then f(x) = x3 – 3 x2 +3 x – 1 (b)

(85) Twenty metres of wire is available for fencing off a flowerbed
in the form of a circular sector. Then the maximum area (in sq. m) of
the flower-bed, is :
(a) 30 (b) 12.5 (c) 10 (d) 25
[ JEE 2017 ]

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Solution :
The perimeter of the sector = 2 r + L
Then 2 r + L = 20 r r
𝟏
The area of the sector = L r
𝟐
𝟏
Then A = r ( 20 – 2 r ) L
𝟐

Then A = 10 r – r2
𝐝𝐀
Then = 10 – 2 r = 0 >>>> r=5
𝐝𝐫

+++++++++++ ------------------------
5

Then the maximum area at r = 5

𝟏
At r = 5 L = 20 – 2 r = 10 A = L r = 0.5 (5)(10) = 25 (d)
𝟐

(86) A wire of length 2 units is cut into two parts which are bent
respectively to form a square of side = x units and a circle of radius = r
units. If the sum of the areas of the square and the circle so formed is
minimum, then:
(a) x = 2r (b) 2x = r (c) 2x = (𝝅 + 4)r (d) (4 – 𝝅) x = 𝝅 r
[ JEE 2016 ]

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Solution :

𝟏− 𝛑 𝐫
4x + 2 𝛑 r = 2 >>>>>> 2 x + 𝛑 r = 1 >>>>> x =
𝟐

A = x2 + 𝛑 r2
𝟏− 𝛑 𝐫 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Then A = ( )2 + 𝛑 r2 >>>> A = - 𝛑 r + 𝛑𝟐 𝐫 𝟐 + 𝛑 r2
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
𝐝𝐀 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
=- 𝛑 + 𝟐 𝛑𝟐 r + 2 𝛑 r = 0 multiplying by 𝛑
𝐝𝐫 𝟐
𝟏
Then - 1 +𝛑 r + 4 r = 0 >>>> r =
𝛑+𝟒

---------------------- +++++++++
𝟏
𝝅+𝟒
𝟏
Then the sum of the two areas be minimum at r =
𝛑+𝟒
𝟏− 𝛑 𝐫
Since x = >>>> 2x = 1 - 𝛑 𝐫 >>>> 𝛑𝐫=1–2x
𝟐
𝟏
And r= >>>> 𝛑 𝐫 + 4 r = 1 >>>> 1–2x+4r=1
𝛑+𝟒

Then 2 x = 4 r >>>>> x = 2 r (a) Best wishes

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