Machine Learning

Presentation
 Team

Jane Dizon Carlo Gonzales Andrea Liwanag Nico Gabriel

What is a MACHINE?
MACHINE
an assembly of interconnected components arranged to transmit

or modify force in order to perform useful work.

Machine Learning
Machine learning (ML) is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows

software applications to become more accurate at predicting

outcomes without being explicitly programmed to do so. Machine

learning algorithms use historical data as input to predict new output

values.
Why is machine learning

important?
Machine learning is important because it gives

enterprises a view of trends in customer behavior

and business operational patterns, as well as

supports the development of new products. Many of

today's leading companies, such as Facebook,

Google and Uber, make machine learning a central

part of their operations. Machine learning has

become a significant competitive differentiator for

many companies.
 Types of machine learning

SUPERVISED
UNSUPERVISED
SEMI-SUPERVISED
REINFORCEMENT

LEARNING LEARNING LEARNING LEARNING

SUPERVISED LEARNING
In this type of machine learning, data scientists supply

algorithms with labeled training data and define the

variables they want the algorithm to assess for

correlations. Both the input and the output of the

algorithm is specified.
How does supervised machine

learning work?
Supervised machine learning requires the data scientist to train the

algorithm with both labeled inputs and desired outputs. Supervised

learning algorithms are good for the following tasks:

Binary classification: Dividing data into two categories.

Multi-class classification: Choosing between more than two types of

answers.
Regression modeling: Predicting continuous values.
Ensembling: Combining the predictions of multiple machine learning

models to produce an accurate prediction.

UNSUPERVISED LEARNING
This type of machine learning involves algorithms that

train on unlabeled data. The algorithm scans through

data sets looking for any meaningful connection. The

data that algorithms train on as well as the predictions

or recommendations they output are predetermined.

How does unsupervised machine

learning work?
Unsupervised machine learning algorithms do not require data to be
labeled. They sift through unlabeled data to look for patterns that can be
used to group data points into subsets. Most types of deep learning,
including neural networks, are unsupervised algorithms. Unsupervised
learning algorithms are good for the following tasks:

Clustering: Splitting the dataset into groups based on similarity.

Anomaly detection: Identifying unusual data points in a data set.
Association mining: Identifying sets of items in a data set that
frequently occur together.
Dimensionality reduction: Reducing the number of variables in a data
set
SEMI-SUPERVISED LEARNING
This approach to machine learning involves a mix of the
two preceding types. Data scientists may feed an

algorithm mostly labeled training data, but the model is

free to explore the data on its own and develop its own

understanding of the data set.

How does semi-supervised learning

work?
Semi-supervised learning works by data scientists feeding a small amount of labeled

training data to an algorithm. From this, the algorithm learns the dimensions of the

data set, which it can then apply to new, unlabeled data. The performance of

algorithms typically improves when they train on labeled data sets. But labeling data

can be time consuming and expensive. Semi-supervised learning strikes a middle

ground between the performance of supervised learning and the efficiency of

unsupervised learning. Some areas where semi-supervised learning is used include:

Machine translation: Teaching algorithms to translate language based on less than

a full dictionary of words.

Fraud detection: Identifying cases of fraud when you only have a few positive

examples.
Labelling data: Algorithms trained on small data sets can learn to apply data labels

to larger sets automatically.

REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
Data scientists typically use reinforcement learning to

teach a machine to complete a multi-step process for

which there are clearly defined rules. Data scientists

program an algorithm to complete a task and give it

positive or negative cues as it works out how to

complete a task. But for the most part, the algorithm

decides on its own what steps to take along the way.

You sent
How does reinforcement learning

work?
Reinforcement learning works by programming an algorithm with a distinct goal

and a prescribed set of rules for accomplishing that goal. Data scientists also

program the algorithm to seek positive rewards -- which it receives when it

performs an action that is beneficial toward the ultimate goal -- and avoid

punishments -- which it receives when it performs an action that gets it farther

away from its ultimate goal. Reinforcement learning is often used in areas such as:

Robotics: Robots can learn to perform tasks the physical world using this

technique.
Video gameplay: Reinforcement learning has been used to teach bots to play a

number of video games.

Resource management: Given finite resources and a defined goal,

reinforcement learning can help enterprises plan out how to allocate resources.

 Who's using machine learning and

what's it used for?

Today, machine learning is used in a wide range of applications. Perhaps one of the most well-known examples of machine learning

in action is the recommendation engine that powers Facebook's news feed.

Facebook uses machine learning to personalize how each member's feed is delivered. If a member frequently stops to read a

particular group's posts, the recommendation engine will start to show more of that group's activity earlier in the feed.

Behind the scenes, the engine is attempting to reinforce known patterns in the member's online behavior. Should the member

change patterns and fail to read posts from that group in the coming weeks, the news feed will adjust accordingly.
In addition to recommendation engines, other uses

for machine learning include the following:

Customer relationship management. CRM software can use machine learning models to analyze email and

prompt sales team members to respond to the most important messages first. More advanced systems can

even recommend potentially effective responses.

Business intelligence. BI and analytics vendors use machine learning in their software to identify potentially

important data points, patterns of data points and anomalies.

Human resource information systems. HRIS systems can use machine learning models to filter through

applications and identify the best candidates for an open position.

Self-driving cars. Machine learning algorithms can even make it possible for a semi-autonomous car to

recognize a partially visible object and alert the driver.

Virtual assistants. Smart assistants typically combine supervised and unsupervised machine learning

models to interpret natural speech and supply context.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of

machine learning?
Machine learning has seen use cases ranging from predicting customer behavior to forming the operating

system for self-driving cars.

When it comes to advantages, machine learning can help enterprises understand their customers at a deeper

level. By collecting customer data and correlating it with behaviors over time, machine learning algorithms can

learn associations and help teams tailor product development and marketing initiatives to customer demand.

Some companies use machine learning as a primary driver in their business models. Uber, for example, uses

algorithms to match drivers with riders. Google uses machine learning to surface the ride advertisements in

searches.

But machine learning comes with disadvantages. First and foremost, it can be expensive. Machine learning

projects are typically driven by data scientists, who command high salaries. These projects also require software

infrastructure that can be expensive.

There is also the problem of machine learning bias. Algorithms trained on data sets that exclude certain

populations or contain errors can lead to inaccurate models of the world that, at best, fail and, at worst, are

discriminatory. When an enterprise bases core business processes on biased models it can run into regulatory

and reputational harm.

How to choose the right machine learning

model.

The process of choosing the right machine learning model to solve a problem can be time consuming if not

approached strategically.

Step 1: Align the problem with potential data inputs that should be considered for the solution. This step

requires help from data scientists and experts who have a deep understanding of the problem.

Step 2: Collect data, format it and label the data if necessary. This step is typically led by data scientists, with help

from data wranglers.

Step 3: Chose which algorithm(s) to use and test to see how well they perform. This step is usually carried out by

data scientists.

Step 4: Continue to fine tune outputs until they reach an acceptable level of accuracy. This step is usually carried

out by data scientists with feedback from experts who have a deep understanding of the problem.
Importance of human interpretable machine

learning.

Explaining how a specific ML model works can be challenging when the model is complex. There are some

vertical industries where data scientists have to use simple machine learning models because it's important for

the business to explain how every decision was made. This is especially true in industries with heavy compliance

burdens such as banking and insurance.

Complex models can produce accurate predictions, but explaining to a lay person how an output was

determined can be difficult.

Thank You