RPH - Group 4

February 09, 2023

Members: Mancao, Milallos, Pelayo, Villegas

Reinforcement Activity #3

· Contrasting and comparing primary and secondary sources

Complete the matrix below.

Categories Primary Source Memoirs Secondary Source Revolt

of a General by Santiago of the Masses by
Alvarez a.k.a Gen. Apoy Teodoro Agoncillo

Author’s Background Santiago Alvarez was Teodoro Agoncillo was

born on July 25, 1872 at born in 1912 at Lemery,
Noveleta, Cavite. Gen. Batangas. He is one of the
Apoy was a well-known first Filipino historians to
revolutionary general who become well-known for
founded the Nacionalista advocating a strongly
Party. He led the nationalist perspective on
revolutionaries in the Filipino history. In addition
Battle of Dalahican. to being a historian, he
was also a writer of
literature and a poet.

Objective of the His goal is to inform the His goal in writing the
author youth about the waning Revolt of the Masses was
battle of the to write a biography of
revolutionaries and the Andres Bonifacio, but
revolution's history in the instead, he wrote about
prologue of his book, the biography of the
Memoirs of a General. revolution itself.
Using his notes, he
recreated the revolution's
history as a
participant-eyewitness.
Date written or It was written in 1927 and It was written in 1947 and
published was published in 1992. was published in 1956.

Mention of dates -July 25, 1927: his 55th -December 1896:

birthday Bonifacio left for Cavite

-1902: he continued his -January 2, 1897:

studies at the law school Bonifacio wrote from San
of the Liceo de Manila Francisco de Malabon to
his uncle-in-law, Mariano
-August 1896-August Alvarez
1901: he guided the
revolution -April 1897: Bonifacio
stayed in the house of
-March 14, 1896: he deal Mrs. Estafania Potente in
with the organization and Malabon until the
activities of the Society of Spaniards captured the
the Sons of the People town
-March 24, 1897: a -December 31, 1896: the
meeting was called with two factions met in the
the Magdalo and assembly hall
Magdiwang leaders
-January 1897: town fiesta
-March 25, 1897: the of San Francisco de
assembly at Tejeros was Malabon was held
convened
-March 22, 1897:
-March 27, 1897: it was Aguinaldo’s birthday
revealed that a meeting
had taken place at the
Tanza parish house

-March 25, 1897: the

Spaniards captured and
occupied the town of Imus

-April 3: the Supremo

made a bid to recapture
Noveleta
Mention of places -Friar Estate house in -Cavite: divided into two:
Tajeros: designated (Magdiwang and Magdalo)
meeting place of
Madgiwang and Magdalo -Talisay: town in Batangas
leaders under Magdalo

-Tejeros: village in -Nasubug, Tuwi, and Look:

municipality of San town in Batangas under
Francisco de Malabon Magdiwang

-Tanza Catholic Church: -Zapote: Emilio Aguinaldo,

meeting held on March 27 Candido Tirona, and
with Trias, Tirona, de Edilberto Evangelista met
Dioss, Rillo, and others Supermo, Andres
with Fr. Cenon. Bonifacio

-Tanza Paris house: -Assembly Hall in Imus:

oath-taking ceremonies solution meeting between
held by Magdalo leaders the two factions to solve
their problem
-Tarlike fort: fierce battle
ground, death of troops -Tejeros Estate house:
such as Maj. Pio Baluyot, assembly held by the two
and head soldiers factions
Francisco Arnaldo, juan
-Mapagtiis (San Francisco
Brosas, Lucio Poblete,
de Malabon): first election
and Nicomedes Esguerra.
held electing Emilio
-Imus, Kawit, Noveleta, Aguinaldo as president
and San Francisco de
Malabon- captured by the
Spaniards

Key Personalities Santiago V. Alvarez (Gen. Andres Bonifacio

Apoy)
Governor-General Blanco
Jacinto Lumbreras
Magdiwang Governement:
Andres Bonifacio Mariano Alvarez, Pascual
Alvarez, Emiliano R. de
 Dios, Mariano Trias,
Aristo Villanueva Ariston Villanueva,
Santiago Alvarez, Diego
Emilio Aguinaldo
Mojica, Artemio Recarte
Messrs. Mariano Alvarez, Meriano Riego de Dios,
Pascual Alvarez, Ariston Luciano San Miguel,
Villanueva, Mariano C. Severino de las Alas,
Trias, Diego Mojica, Santos Nocon, Jacinto
Emiliano R. de Dios, Lumbreras, Teodoro
Santiago Alvarez, Artemio Gonzales
Recarte, Santos Nocon,
Magdalo Government:
Luciano San Miguel,
Baldomero Aguinaldo,
Pablo Mojica, Severino da
Candido Tirona, Cayetano
las Alas, Santiago Rillo,
Topacio, Emilio Aguinaldo,
Baldomero Aguinaldo,
Edilberto Evangelista, Vito
Daniel Tirona, Cayetano
Belarmino, Crispulo
Topacio
Aguinaldo, Daniel Tirona,
General Vibora Antonio Montenegro

Antonio Montenegro Ciriaco and Procopio

Nicolas Portilla Estaban San Juan

Fr. Manuel Trias

Sequencing of -March 27, 1897, -Katipunan of Cavite

events assembly was convened divided into two factions
in Tejeros. Secretary known as the Magdiwang
Villanueva received and Magdalo.
confidential information.
Chairman Lumberas -Bonifacio orders are
opened the meeting and arrest upon seeing
introduced the primary Fernandez when brought
topic of discussion. by the rebel at Imus to
meet Emilio Aguinaldo,
 Candido Tirona, and
-They argued about the Edilberto Evangelista.
revolutionary government
leading Captain General -Magdiwang and Magdalo
Apoy to order an arrest for convene an assembly at
Maj. Damaso Fojas. Imus which opens with
Supremo Bonifacio Bonifacio occupying the
presides over the meeting presidency. The Magdalo
allowed by Mr. Lumbreras. wanted to establish a new
government which the
-Election preparations Madiwang did not agree
began. Supremo Bonifacio with. The assembly
chooses winners of adjourned
various offices and wins unaccomplished with no
secretary of war. Mr. change result.
Daniel Triona requests for
restoration of order and to -Petty quarrels and
elect Mr. Jose del Rosario. tensions amongst the two
factions continued. This
-Magdalo Pres. led to the Madiwang
Baldomero Aguinaldo holding their own
requests for a meeting to convention on March 22,
reconvene which never 1897 where they elected
happened leading to them Emilio Aguinaldo as
holding their own meeting President, angering
in the Tanza parish house Bonifacio.
on March 27, 1897.

-March 25, 1897, the town

of Imus was captured and
occupied by the
Spaniards. Battle ensued
which left the Spaniards to
rest in Bakaw and to be
harassed by Katipunan
bands.

-April 3, Supremo makes

a bid to recapture
Noveleta. General Apoy
 visited Tarlike fort to boost
morale of the troops.

Gen. Pio del Pilar

withdraw before the
enemy attack.

Spanish reinforcements
arrive to the west of
Bakaw, Noveleta and
Salinas. Many perished in
the fire that battered San
Francisco de Malabon,
Tejeros to Tarlike.

Differences between General Apoy wrote “The Teodoro Agoncillo wrote

the two accounts Katipunan and the his narrative based on
Revolution: Memoirs of a numerous sources such
General” based on his as approaching Bonifacio’s
personal experiences and surviving family members
used accounts of the but this information cannot
Katipunan original accurately pinpoint
founders as primary Bonifacio’s personal
sources. Some experiences in the
information may be rebellion.
subjective and are not
clarified for the readers to
understand context.

Probable reason why In essence, primary Teodoro Agoncillo's

the differences sources offer unprocessed rendition, which served as
data and first-hand reference information,
testimony. The accounts already had a primary
disclosed were primarily source to direct the author
based on what General as to what he might learn
Alvarez saw while more about and how
attending the convention, further he could
therefore, he had no incorporate into the
written sources or other account of the events.
 sources of knowledge to
rely on other than himself.

The assembly was Tension arose when

presided over by the Bonifacio and his cohort
Thematic motivation President-Supremo of the arrived since their views of
of authors (Why the KKK. The speaker the situation were
Tejeros meeting proceeded to elaborate on conflicting. The assembly
failed?) the need of respecting the was formally inaugurated
outcome. When it came to at Tejeros on March 22nd,
the actual election, he 1897, at two in the
reiterated that the afternoon. Mr. Jacinto
candidate with the most Lumberas assumed the
votes would still be chair and called the
appointed regardless of session to order. The
their standing in society or conference continued until
educational background. Bonifacio took over as
However, since Aguinaldo presiding officer and
seized command, he was President of the Katipunan
unable to secure the Supreme Council. He
presidency. The Supremo stated that the winner of
was poised to serve as any post in the election,
the Secretary of the irrespective of their life
Interior, but Daniel Tirona situation, shall be
contends that the office declared. He was chosen
ought to be delegated to to serve as the Director of
the skilled attorney Jose the Interior during the
del Rosario. This proceedings. Jose del
infuriated Bonifacio, who Rosario was mentioned by
then drew out his gun and Mr. Daniel Tirona as the
fired a shot at Mr. Tirona. candidate who must be
Eventually, the latter appointed to the post due
retreated and disappeared to his status as a lawyer.
into the crowd. Bonifacio Indignant, Bonifacio
then proclaimed all of the flushed red from feeling
meeting's resolutions null humiliated. Along with
and invalid. seeking to blend in with
the crowd, he urged that
Tirona make amends for
 his disparaging remarks.
However, in sheer rage,
Bonifacio pulled out a gun
and aimed at Tirona, but
Ricarte was able to grasp
his hand before Bonifacio
could fire. The head of the
assembly and the
president of the Supreme
Council of Katipunan fled
the hall with his men.
Bonifacio asserted that he
revoked all that had been
deliberated upon and
established at the
meeting.

a) What are common with the two documents?

- The commonality of the primary and secondary sources of the document is that
they are both credible sources of information that recount the historical event.

b) What are the differences?

- The presented documents differ in that they are told from diverse perspectives.
While one of them witnessed the events firsthand, the other depended on the
initial account and supplied further details to assist its readers to get a better
overall picture.

c) Based on the two documents, what characteristics do primary sources have?

- Primary sources are usually an original form. These do not require the need of an
explanation or interpretation as it originates from someone that has or something
that is witnessed.

d) What characteristics do secondary sources have?

- Secondary sources provide additional information to the primary source due to

research or analysis. These are usually written in a third-person point of view and
contain quotations from the witnesses.
· Identifying the weakness of the Revolution of 1896 based on the documents under
examination

What were the weaknesses that revolution faced in terms of the character of the
personalities involved?

- Personalities derived from the crave of higher power. This resulted in divisions of
the people due to aggression towards one another as they were tempered easily.

· Judging upon these weaknesses to reflect on our values as a people

What wrong character traits or values do these weaknesses reflect on us as a

people?

- As we live in the 21st century, we are still being divided by the government and
its political issues. This causes multiple citizens being divided on these issues
resulting, at most, in anger getting us nowhere through time. The past is basically
repeating itself through the years which is why this weakness is a result of the
wrong character traits and values we, as a nation, have.