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B05 - C++ Structure and Function

The document discusses passing structures as arguments to functions in C++. It provides two examples: 1) passing a structure to a function that displays its data members, and 2) returning a structure from a function by taking user input and returning the populated structure. In both examples, a Person structure containing name, age, and salary is defined, and functions are used to get input and display output by passing/returning the Person structure as the argument.

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Kim Anh Võ
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44 views

B05 - C++ Structure and Function

The document discusses passing structures as arguments to functions in C++. It provides two examples: 1) passing a structure to a function that displays its data members, and 2) returning a structure from a function by taking user input and returning the populated structure. In both examples, a Person structure containing name, age, and salary is defined, and functions are used to get input and display output by passing/returning the Person structure as the argument.

Uploaded by

Kim Anh Võ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ Structure and Function

In this article, you'll find relevant examples to pass structures as an argument


to a function, and use them in your program.
Structure variables can be passed to a function and returned in a similar way
as normal arguments.
Passing structure to function in C++
A structure variable can be passed to a function in similar way as normal
argument. Consider this example:

Example 1: C++ Structure and Function


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Person {
char name[50];
int age;
float salary;
};

void displayData(Person); // Function declaration

int main() {
Person p;

cout << "Enter Full name: ";


cin.get(p.name, 50);
cout << "Enter age: ";
cin >> p.age;
cout << "Enter salary: ";
cin >> p.salary;

// Function call with structure variable as an argument


displayData(p);

return 0;
}

void displayData(Person p) {
cout << "\nDisplaying Information." << endl;
cout << "Name: " << p.name << endl;
cout <<"Age: " << p.age << endl;
cout << "Salary: " << p.salary;
}
Output

Enter Full name: Bill Jobs


Enter age: 55
Enter salary: 34233.4

Displaying Information.
Name: Bill Jobs
Age: 55
Salary: 34233.4

In this program, user is asked to enter the  name ,  age  and  salary  of a Person
inside  main()  function.
Then, the structure variable  p  is to passed to a function using.

displayData(p);

The return type of  displayData()  is  void  and a single argument of type
structure  Person  is passed.
Then the members of structure  p  is displayed from this function.

Example 2: Returning structure from function in C++


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Person {
char name[50];
int age;
float salary;
};

Person getData(Person);
void displayData(Person);

int main() {

Person p, temp;

temp = getData(p);
  p = temp;
displayData(p);

return 0;
}

Person getData(Person p) {
cout << "Enter Full name: ";
cin.get(p.name, 50);

cout << "Enter age: ";


cin >> p.age;

cout << "Enter salary: ";


cin >> p.salary;

return p;
}

void displayData(Person p) {
cout << "\nDisplaying Information." << endl;
cout << "Name: " << p.name << endl;
cout <<"Age: " << p.age << endl;
cout << "Salary: " << p.salary;
}

The output of this program is the same as the program above.


In this program, we have created two structure variables  p  and  temp  of
type  Person  under the  main()  function.
The structure variable  p  is passed to  getData()  function which takes input from
the user which is then stored in the  temp  variable.

temp = getData(p);

We then assign the value of  temp  to  p .

p = temp;

Then the structure variable  p  is passed to  displayData()  function, which displays
the information.
Note: We don't really need to use the  temp  variable for most compilers and C+
+ versions. Instead, we can simply use the following code:

p = getData(p);

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