Programming

Fundamentals
Fall 2022

Lecture 3
Dr. Farhan Aadil
[email protected]
DrAadil.com

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Operators
• What is operator?
• Type of operators
• Postfix
• Prefix
What are Operators?

• Operators are special symbols used for

– mathematical functions
– assignment statements
– logical comparisons

• Examples:
3 + 5 // uses + operator
The Operator Groups

• There are 5 different groups of operators:

– Arithmetic operators
– Assignment operator
– Increment/Decrement operators
– Relational operators
– Conditional operators
 Arithmetic Operators

• Java has 6 basic arithmetic operators

+ add
- subtract
* multiply
/ divide
% modulo (remainder)
^ exponent (to the power of)
Assignment Operator

• The basic assignment operator (=) assigns the value of var to

expr
var = expr ;
• Java allows you to combine arithmetic and assignment
operators into a single operator.
• Examples:
x = x + 5; is equivalent to x += 5;
y = y * 7; is equivalent to y *= 7;
Increment/Decrement Operators

count = count + 1;
can be written as:
++count; or count ++;

++ is called the increment operator.

count = count - 1;
can be written as:
--count; or count--;

-- is called the decrement operator.

Prefix
The prefix form ++count, --count first adds 1 to the variable and then
continues to any other operator in the expression
public class Helloworld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int ans,b=1;
ans =++b;

System.out.println(ans);
System.out.print("The value of b is "+b);
}
}
2
The value of b is 2
Relational (Comparison) Operators

• Relational operators compare two values

• Produces a Boolean value (true or false) depending on the relationship

operation is true when . . .

a > b a is greater than b

a >= b a is greater than or equal to b
a == b a is equal to b
a != b a is not equal to b
a <= b a is less than or equal to b
a < b a is less than b
Examples of Relational Operations

int x = 3;
int y = 5;
boolean result;

1) result = (x > y);

now result is assigned the value false because 3 is not greater than 5

2) result = (15 == x*y);

now result is assigned the value true because the product of 3 and 5 equals 15

3) result = (x != x*y);
now result is assigned the value true because the product of x and y (15) is not equal
to x (3)
Conditional Operators

Symbol Name

&& AND
|| OR
! NOT

• Conditional operators can be referred to as boolean operators,

because they are only used to combine expressions that have a value of
true or false.
Truth Table for Conditional Operators

x y x && y x || y !x

True True True True False

True False False True False

False True False True True

False False False False True

Using && and ||

public static void main(String[] args) {

int a=5;
int b=2;
if(a>2 || (b++ > 1))
{
System.out.print(b);
}
}
Using && and ||

public static void main(String[] args) {

int a=5;
int b=2;
if(a>2 && (b++ > 1)
{
System.out.print(b);
}
}
 Short-Circuit Evaluations

Java performs short-circuit evaluation:

It evaluates && and || expressions from left to right and once it finds the result, it stops .

public static void main(String[] args) {

int a=5;
int b=2;
if(a>2 || (b++ > 1))
{
System.out.print(b);
}}
2
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a=5;
int b=2;
if(a>2 && (b++ > 1)){
System.out.print(b);
}
3
Ternary Operator
• Java ternary operator is the only conditional operator that
takes three operands.
• We can use the ternary operator in place of if-else
conditions or even switch conditions using nested ternary
operators.

• Although it follows the same algorithm as of if-else

statement, the conditional operator takes less space and
helps to write the if-else statements in the shortest way
possible.
Ternary Operator
 Ternary Operator
// variable declaration
int n1 = 5, n2 = 10, max,res;

System.out.println("First num: " + n1);

System.out.println("Second num: " + n2);

// Largest among n1 and n2

max = (n1 > n2) ? n1 : n2;

res = (n1 > n2) ? (n1 + n2) : (n1 - n2);

// Print the largest number

System.out.println("Maximum is = " + max);
System.out.println("Result = " + res);

}
Assignment

• Bitwise Operator

19
 Important links

• My email: [email protected]
• My web page: DrAadil.com

Thanks for listening!

Ready for Questions & Answers ☺

COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock Campus