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RULE 133 Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence

This document discusses the weight and sufficiency of evidence in civil and criminal cases under Philippine law. 1) In civil cases, the party with the burden of proof must establish their case by a preponderance of evidence, which is determined based on factors like witness credibility and supporting documents rather than just witness numbers. 2) In criminal cases, the accused is entitled to acquittal unless proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt, with moral certainty required rather than absolute certainty. 3) An extrajudicial confession alone is not sufficient for conviction; there must also be evidence of the crime (corpus delicti). Circumstantial evidence can also be sufficient if facts and inferences are proven and together strongly indicate guilt
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
51 views4 pages

RULE 133 Weight and Sufficiency of Evidence

This document discusses the weight and sufficiency of evidence in civil and criminal cases under Philippine law. 1) In civil cases, the party with the burden of proof must establish their case by a preponderance of evidence, which is determined based on factors like witness credibility and supporting documents rather than just witness numbers. 2) In criminal cases, the accused is entitled to acquittal unless proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt, with moral certainty required rather than absolute certainty. 3) An extrajudicial confession alone is not sufficient for conviction; there must also be evidence of the crime (corpus delicti). Circumstantial evidence can also be sufficient if facts and inferences are proven and together strongly indicate guilt
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RULE 133

WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE

Section 1. Preponderance of evidence, how determined. In civil cases, the party having the burden of
proof must establish his or her case by a preponderance of evidence. In determining where the
preponderance or superior weight of evidence on the issues involved lies, the court may consider all the
facts and circumstances of the case, the witnesses’ manner of testifying, their intelligence their means
and opportunity of knowing the facts to which they are testifying, the nature of the facts to which they
testify, the probability or improbability of their testimony, their interest or want of interest, and also
their personal credibility so far as the same may legitimately appear upon the trial. The court may also
consider the number of witnesses, though the preponderance is not necessarily in greater number.

- Sinasabi ditto sa rule na to, ang pinaka focus ay yung kung gaano kabigat yung evidence na
ipepresent mo sa court. Though pwede rin iconsider yung dami ng evidence or witnesses mo,
pero hindi yun mag dedetermine sa kung paano ka makakalamang sa curt hearing, yung gaano
ka bigat pa rin yung pinaka tinitignan ng judge. Sinasabi rin ditto yung mga circumstances na
kinoconsider ng court para tanggapin ang isang evidence of witness nan aka enumerate sa rule
na to. For example in CIVIL CASES lamang, si Juan umutang kay Pedro ng sabihin natin 5k. so si
Pedro yung nag bigay ng pera at si Juan ang nakatanggap. At dumating sa point na nagkakaron
ng problema whether nakapag bayad na ba or hindi pa, si Juan sinasabi sa judge na nakapag
bayad na sya ng utang nya at may dala siyang supporting documents or evidence para ma prove
yun tulad ng resibo, or deed of sale or any documents na nagsasabi or nagpapakita na
nabayaran na niya yung 5k na utang niya kay Pedro. Etong si Pedro naman verbal niya lang na
sinasabi sa judge na hindi pa kumpleto ng bayad si Juan kaya niya sinisingil at wala siyang
maipakitang listahan or any documents para maprove na hindi pa nga tapos yung utang ni Juan,
mas kakampi or mas papanig yung judge kay Juan kasi si Juan ang may dala ng mas mabigat na
evidence which is yung mga documents or resibo compared sa verbal statement lang ni Pedro.

Section 2. Proof beyond reasonable doubt. – In a criminal case, the accused is entitled to an acquittal,
unless his or her guilt is shown beyond reasonable doubt. Proof beyond reasonable doubt does not
mean such a degree of proof as, excluding possibility of error, produces absolute certainty. Moral
certainty only is required, or that degree of proof which produces conviction in an unprejudiced mind.

- Sinasabi naman sa rule na to na yung akusado pwede sya ma acquit or mapa walang sala unless
yung prosecution ay makapag present ng evidence na overwhelming enough para dumating sa
point na nahanap or napunan lahat ng tanong ni judge at pwede niyang masabi na si accused
nga talaga ang guilty. Pero kahit konting doubt lang yung mangyari, pwede ma acquit yung
accused at mapa walang sala. Kapag nangyari to pwede magkaron ng reverse trial para mas
lalong mapatunayan ni accused na hindi siya guilty sa kaso na pinapatong sa kanya. Example sa
kaso ng homicide, si Berto napatay si Junior kasi sinugod siya ni Junior at bigla pinag susuntok at
sinaktan. Ngayon sinasabi ni Berto na wala siyang ka alam alam kung bakit ginawa yun ni Junior
at sa pagiging desperado nyang matigil yung pananakit, may nakuha siyang bato sa gilid niya na
ginamit niyang pang palo sa ulo ni Junior na ikinamatay nito. Ngayon pumapapasok dun yung 3
elements of self defense, una yung unlawful aggression, dahil nga wala naman possibleng
dahilan para pagsusuntukin at saktan ni Junior si Berto. Pangalawa ay yung reasonable necessity
of the means employed to repel or prevent it, ito naman yung pagkuha niya ng bato at pagpalo
sa ulo ni Junior para matigil na yung pananakita sa kanya. Pangatlo naman ay yung lack of
sufficient provocation, dahil wala naming pag provoke na nangyari sa part ni Berto para sugurin
siya ni Junior. Ngayon saan papasok yung reverse trial don, kapag na prove ni Berto na self
defense nga ang nangyari, siya naman yung magpepresent ng mga facts surrounding the
circumstances na ganito yung nangyari kaya ko yun nagawa, na wala naman silang history ng
away ni Junior kaya di niya maintindihan kung bakit niya yung nagawa.

Section 3 Extrajudicial confession, not sufficient ground for conviction. – An extrajudicial confession
made by an accused shall not be sufficient ground for conviction, unless corroborated by evidence of
corpus delicti.

- Una, ano muna yung extrajudicial confession, yung extrajudicial confession, eto yung pa gamin
mo sa krimen na ginawa mo pero hindi sa isang body of court, kumaga umaamin ka sa kasalanan
outside the court. Pwedeng sa police station, sa media, sa simbahan basta hindi siya korte.
Tapos sinasabi dito na magiging grounds lang for conviction yung confession mo kapag may
corroboration of evidence or pagpapatunay by means of corpus delicti, ang corpus delicti ay ang
mismong katawan o bangkay. Kunwari, umamin ka sa police station na pinatay mo si ganito,
tapos bilang patunay, sinamahan mo yung police sa mismong crime scene kung nasaan yung
bangkay o yung corpus delicti, pwede yun maging reason para ma convict ka agad by way of
extrajudicial confession.

Section 4. Circumstantial evidence, when sufficient. – Circumstantial evidence is sufficient for conviction
if:

Ang circumstantial evidence ay yung mga evidence na nakukuha mo through multiple circumstances na
makakapag diin sa accused na sya talaga yung gumawa ng krimen, may mga elements yung
circumstantial evidence na nakalagay sa baba.

a. There is more than one circumstance


For example sa crime ng rape with homicide, Nakita mo si Arthur na lumabas mula sa isang bar
isang gabi at naglakad papunta sa bahay nila Nene. Ngayon makalipas ang ilang minute,yung
isang kaibigan mo sinabi na Nakita niya naman na magkasamang naglalakad si Arthur at si Nene
sa isang madilim na parte sa lugar niyo, tapos nito may isang kaibigan ka pa na nagsabing Nakita
naman niya si Arthur na naglalakad palayo na mag isa na lang at parang nagmamadali. More
than one na yung circumstance mon a pwede mon ang I point out na si Arthur nga talaga yung
gumawa ng rape slay kay Nene.
b. The facts from which the inferences are derived are proven; and
Sa part naman na to, same scenario kina Arthur at Nene, may nagpapatunay na Nakita nga or
nahagip sa cctv na lumabas ng bar si Arthur, matapos ay nakitang kasama ni Nene at matapos ay
nakitang naglalakad palayo na mag isa at nagmamadali. Ito yung parang nag tetestify para ma
prove na tama yung mga inferences na sinasabi niyo tungkol sa kaso na isinasampa kay Arthur

c. The combination of all the circumstances is such as to produce a conviction beyond reasonable
doubt.
Ngayon sa part na to para tuluyang ma convict si Arthur sa krimen na rape with homicide,
kailangan mo ng matinding evidence na makakapag throw off or overwhelming enough para ma
deem guilty beyond reasonable doubt si Arthur sa krimen na ginawa niya, isang example ditto
halimbawa ay kapag sa crime scene kung saan natagpuan si Nene na patay at walang saplot,
may nakitang sapatos na size 9 na positibong nagtutugma sa size ng paa ni Arthur.
Overwhelming na yung presentation of evidence at pwede na ma convict si Arthur sa krimen na
rape with homicide.

- Inferences cannot be based on other inferences.


Dito sinasabi na ang isang inference ay hindi pwede ma validate ng isa pang inference,
halimbawa, sinasabi mo sa korte na totoong magkasama nga si Arthur at Nene nung gabing iyon
pero nung tinanong ka kung ikaw mismo nakakita, ang sagot ay hindi at sinabi lang sayo ng
kapitbahay mo, hindi tatanggapin ng korte yung statement mo at kailangan yung kapitbahay mo
talaga yung humarap at mag testify.

Section 5. Weight to be given opinion of expert witness, how determined. -In any case, where the
opinion of an expert witness is received in evidence, the court has a wide latitude of discretion in
determining the weight to be given to such opinion, and for that purpose may consider the following:

A Whether the opinion is based upon sufficient facts or data


B Whether it is the product of reliable principles and methods
C Whether the witness has applied the principles and methods reliably to the facts of the case
and
D Such other factors as the court may deem helpful to make such determination
- Sa section naman na to sinasabing pwedeng maging witness sa isang kaso ang isang expert
witness kahit hindi siya talaga kasama sa kaso in the first place, ang example ng expert witness
ay mga doctor, chemist, etc. For example sa kaso ng drug trafficking, isang chemist ang
ginawang expert witness sa hearing na wala naming kinalaman sa kaso na yon, pero upon his
inspection, at nasabi niya na itong substance na nahuli ng mga police, kapag nagkaroon ng
chemical reaction sa isang substance na to, malalaman na tunay na shabu or methamphetamine
hydrochloride nga itong nahuling mga pulis mula sa mga akusado. Yung chemist mismo yung
expert witness natin kasi walanaman siyang kinalaman sa kaso pero isa sya sa mga naging tulay
upang ma convict at mapatunayang guilty yung akusado sa krimen na isinasampa sa kanya.
Section 6 Substantial evidence. – In cases filed before administrative or quasi-judicial bodies, a fact may
be deemed established if it is supported by substantial evidence, or that amount of relevant evidence
which a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to justify conclusion.

- Dito naman sinasabi na sa isang admin case, hindi mo kailangan mag present ng pagka rami
raming evidence para ma prove yung fact na hinahanap mo, only evidence adequate or sapat
lang that a reasonable mind might accept, enough na yung to stand as evidence mo. For
example in an admin case, inakusahan ka na hindi ka pumasok sa trabaho ng ganitong araw at
ng ganitong petsa, para mapatunayan mo na pumasok ka nga sa araw na yun, pwede mo
ipresent kunwari, yung logbook mo na nakalagay yung pangalan mo dun na may time in or time
out, or biometrics records mon a nagpapatunay na nag iometrics ka sa araw na yun. Pwede na
siya ipresent as evidence sa korte.

Section 7. Power of the court to stop further evidence. – The court may stop the introduction of further
testimony upon any particular point when the evidence upon it is already so full that more witnesses to
the same point cannot be reasonably expected to be additionally persuasive. This power shall be
exercised with caution.

- Dito naman sinasabi na may kapangyarihan ang judge na hindi tumanggap ng maraming witness
kung ang testimony ng mga witness ay pare pareho at hindi nakakadagdag sa persuasiveness sa
kaso, pero hindi to madalasa magamit dahil kailangan maingat din ang judge sap ag exercise ng
power na to. For example, nag concert si Chris Brown sa MOA Arena na may naglalaman na
250,000 na audience sa araw na to at sa petsa na to. Pero may lumutang na reklamo na may
nirape daw si Chris Brown sa Mandaluyong nung parehong araw at petsa na yun, hindi pwede
kunin ng judge yung lahat ng 250,000 na audience ni Chris Brown para mag testify dahil pare
pareho lang naman sila ng sasabihin na Nakita nila si Chris Brown na sumasayaw at kumakanta
sa araw at petsa na yun. Pero saan papasok dun yung pag iingat, kapag kunwari 10 audience
lang ang tinanggap ng korte na pare pareho ang sinabi sa testimony pero sa pang 11 na audience
pala, ang sasabihin niya na parang napansin niya nga na iba na gumalaw si Chris Brown at
parang body double na lang yung nag peperform, ayun yung ciscumstances na pwede
makaligtaan ng korte sa section na to dahil tumigil lamang sila sa 10 witnesses.

Section 8. Evidence on motion. – When a motion is based on facts not appearing of record, the court
may hear the matter on affidavits or depositions presented by the respective parties, but the court may
direct that the matter be heard wholly or partly on oral testimony or depositions.

- Sinasabi naman sa part na to na may Karapatan ang korte na malaman yung ibang sangay ng
wkento ng inirereklamo niyo kung sa tingin nila eh makakatulong to sa pag usad ng kaso. For
example, nagrereklamo ang Bounty Fresh laban sa Jollibee na nag deliver sa isang branch ng
Jollibee ang Bounty Fresh na pinatunayan din naman ni Jollibee na natanggap nga nila yung mga
manok na dineliver pero hindi naman bumalik sa Bounty Fresh yung truck nila. Ang problema
lang ay yung hindi pagbalik ng truck nila pero Karapatan parin ng korte na malaman kung ano ba
yung dineliver at kung natanggap ba ng Jollibee yung dineliver ng Bounty Fresh kahit pa na settle
na nila yun bago pumunta ng korte.

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