Appendix 2

Classification of Emission Designation and Necessary Bandwidths

I. Designation of Emission
The basic characteristics are:
1. First symbol – type of modulation of the main carrier;
2. Second symbol – nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier;
3. Third symbol – type of information to be transmitted.
Modulation used only for short periods and for incidental purposes (such as, in many
cases, for identification or calling) may be ignored provided that the necessary
bandwidth as indicated is not thereby increased.
1. First Symbol – Type of modulation of the main carrier
1.1 Emission of an unmodulated carrier N
1.2 Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude-modulated (including cases where sub-
carriers are angle-modulated)
1.2.1 Double-sideband A
1.2.2 Single-sideband, full carrier H
1.2.3 Single-sideband, reduced or variable level carrier R
1.2.4 Single-sideband, suppressed carrier J
1.2.5 Independent sidebands B
1.2.6 Vestigial sideband C
1.3 Emission in which the main carrier is angle-modulated
1.3.1 Frequency modulation F
1.3.2 Phase modulation G
1.4 Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude-and angle-modulated either
simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence D
1.5 Emission of pulses(Emissions where the main carrier is directly modulated by a signal
which has been coded into quantized form (e.g. pulse code modulation) should be
designated under 1.2 or 1.3)
1.5.1 Sequence of unmodulated pulses P
1.5.2 A sequence of pulses
1.5.2.1 Modulated in amplitude K
1.5.2.2 Modulated in width/duration L
1.5.2.3 Modulated in position/phase M
1.5.2.4 In which the carrier is angle-modulated during the angle-period of the
pulse Q
1.5.2.5which is a combination of the foregoing or is produced by
other means V
1.6 Cases not covered above, in which an emission consists of the main carrier
modulated, either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence, in a combination
of two or more of the following modes: amplitude, angle, pulse: W
1.7 Cases not otherwise covered X
2. Second Symbol –Nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier
2.1 No modulating signal 0
2.2 A single channel containing quantized or digital information without the use of a
modulating sub-carrier (except time-division multiplex) 1
2.3 A single channel containing quantized or digital information with the use of a
modulating sub-carrier (except time-division multiplex) 2
1
 2.4 A single channel containing analogue information 3
2.5 Two or more channels containing quantized or digital information 7
2.6 Two or more channels containing analogue information 8
2.7 Composite system with one or more channels containing quantized or digital
information, together with one or more channels containing analogue information 9
2.8 Cases not otherwise covered X
3. Third Symbol – Type of information to be transmitted
3.1 No information transmitted N
3.2 Telegraphy – for aural reception A
3.3 Telegraphy – for automatic reception B
3.4 Facsimile C
3.5 Data transmission, telemetry, telecommand D
3.6 Telephony (including sound broadcasting) E
3.7 Television (video) F
3.8 Combination of the above W
3.9 Cases not otherwise covered X
4. In this context the word “information” does not include information of a constant,
unvarying nature such as is provided by standard frequency emissions, continuous wave
and pulse radars, etc.

II. In the formulation of the table, the following terms have been employed:
𝐵𝑛 : Necessary bandwidth (Hz)

B: Modulation rate (Bd)

N : Maximum possible number of black plus white elements to be transmitted per second，in
facsimile

M : Maximum modulation frequency (Hz)

C : Sub-carrier frequency (Hz)

D : Peak deviation, i.e. half the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the
instantaneous frequency. The instantaneous frequency (Hz) is the time rate of change in phase
(rad) divided by 2π

t : Pulse duration (s) at half-amplitude

tr : Pulse rise time (s) between 10% and 90% amplitude

K : An overall numerical factor which varies according to the emission and which depends upon
the allowable signal distortion

𝑁𝑐 : Number of baseband channels in radio systems employing multi-channel multiplexing

𝑓𝑝 : Continuity pilot sub-carrier frequency (Hz) (continuous signal utilized to verify performance
of frequency-division multiplex systems)

Description of Necessary bandwidth Designation of

emission Formula Sample calculation emission
I. No modulating signal
Continuous wave
None
emission
2
 Description of Necessary bandwidth Designation of
emission Formula Sample calculation emission
II. Amplitude modulation
1. Signal with quantized or digital information
𝐵𝑛 ＝BK
Continuous wave 25 words per minute;
K＝5 for fading circuits
telegraphy, (Morse B＝20, K＝5 100HA1AAN
K＝3 for non-fading
Code) Bandwidth: 100 Hz
circuits
Telegraph by on-off 𝐵𝑛 ＝BK+2M 25 words per minute;
keying of a tone K＝5 for fading circuits B＝20, M＝1000, K＝5
2K10A2AAN
modulated carrier, K＝3 for non-fading Bandwidth:
(Morse Code) circuits 2100 Hz＝2.1 kHz
Selective calling
signal using Maximum code frequency:
sequential (single 2110 Hz
𝐵𝑛 ＝M 2K11H2BFN
frequency code, M＝2110
single-sideband full Bandwidth: 2100 Hz＝2.11 kHz
carrier)
Direct-printing 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK B＝50
telegraphy using a M = 𝐵
D＝35 Hz (70 Hz shift)
2
frequency shifted K＝1.2
modulating sub-
Bandwidth: 134 Hz
carrier, with error- 134HJ2BCN
correction, single-
sideband,
suppressed carrier
(single channel)
Telegraphy, multi- 𝐵𝑛 ＝highest central 15 channels; highest central frequency
channel with voice frequency + M + DK is: 2850 Hz
frequency, error 𝐵 B＝100
M= 2
correction. Some D＝42.5 Hz (85 Hz shift)
channels are time- K＝0.7 2K89R7BCW
division
Bandwidth:
multiplexed,
2885 Hz＝2.885 kHz
(single side-band,
reduced carrier)
2. Telephony (commercial quality)

Telephony, double- 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M M＝3000

sideband (single Bandwidth: 6K00A3EJN
channel) 6000 Hz＝6 kHz
Telephony, single- 𝐵𝑛 ＝M M＝3000
sideband full carrier Bandwidth: 3K00H3EJN
(single channel) 3000 Hz＝3 kHz

3
 Description of Necessary bandwidth Designation of
emission Formula Sample calculation emission
Telephony, single- 𝐵𝑛 ＝M－lowest M＝3000
sideband, modulation frequency lowest modulation frequency is 300
2K70J3EJN
suppressed carrier Hz
(single channel) Bandwidth: 2700＝2.7 kHz
Telephony with 𝐵𝑛 = M Maximum control frequency is 2990
separate frequency Hz
modulated signal to M＝2990
control the level of Bandwidth: 2990 Hz＝2.99 kHz
demodulated speech 2K99R3ELN
signal, single-
sideband, reduced
carrier (Lincompex)
(single channel)
Telephony with 𝐵𝑛 ＝𝑁𝑐 M－lowest 𝑁𝑐 ＝2
privacy, single modulation frequency M＝3000
sideband, in the lowest channel lowest modulation frequency is 250
suppressed carrier 5K75J8EKF
Hz
(two or more Bandwidth:
channels) 5750 Hz＝5.75 kHz
Sound broadcasting, 𝐵𝑛 ＝sum of M for each 2 channels
double-sideband sideband M＝3000
6K00B8EJN
Bandwidth:
6000 Hz＝6 kHz

3. Sound broadcasting

Sound broadcasting, 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M Speech and music

double-sideband M may vary between M＝4000
4000 and 10000 Bandwidth: 8000 Hz＝8 kHz 8K00A3EGN
depending on the
quality desired
Sound broadcasting, 𝐵𝑛 ＝M Speech and music
single-sideband, M may vary between M＝4000
reduced carrier 4000 and 10000 Bandwidth: 4000 Hz＝4 kHz 4K00R3EGN
(single channel) depending on the
quality desired
Sound broadcasting, 𝐵𝑛 ＝M－lowest Speech and music
single-sideband, modulation frequency M＝4500
suppressed carrier lowest modulation frequency is 50 Hz 4K45J3EGN
Bandwidth:
4450 Hz＝4.45 kHz

4. Television

4
 Description of Necessary bandwidth Designation of
emission Formula Sample calculation emission
Television, vision Refer to CNS 14972 Bandwidth of radio channel: 6 MHz
6M00G7W
and sound

5. Facsimile
𝑁
Analogue facsimile 𝐵𝑛 = C + + DK N＝1100
2
by sub-carrier Corresponding to an index of
K＝1.1
frequency cooperation of 352 and a cycler
(typically)
modulation of a rotation speed of 60 rpm. Index of
single-sideband cooperation is the product of the drum
emission with 2K89R3CMN
diameter and number of lines per unit
reduced carrier length.
monochrome C＝1900 D＝400 Hz
Bandwidth:
2890 Hz＝2.89 kHz
Analogue facsimile; 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK N＝1100
frequency M=
𝑁
D＝400 Hz
2
modulation of an Bandwidth:
K＝1.1
audio frequency 1980 Hz＝1.98 kHz
(typically)
sub- carrier which 1K98J3C--
modulates the main
carrier, single-
sideband suppressed
carrier

6. Composite emissions

Double-sideband, 𝐵𝑛 ＝2C+2M+2D Video limited to 5 MHz

television relay Audio on 6.5 MHz, frequency
modulated sub-carrier ＝50 kHz;
C＝6.5x106
13M1A8W--
D＝50x103Hz
M＝15000
Bandwidth: 13.13x106Hz ＝ 13.13
MHz
Double-sideband 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M 10 voice channels occupying
radio relay system, baseband between 1 kHz and 164
328KA8E--
frequency division kHz; M＝164000
multiplex Bandwidth: 328000 Hz＝328 kHz

5
 Description of Necessary bandwidth Designation of
emission Formula Sample calculation emission
Double-sideband 𝐵𝑛 ＝2𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥 +2M+2DK The main carrier is modulated by:
emission of VOR K＝1 - A 30Hz sub-carrier
with voice (typically) - A carrier resulting from a
(VOR =VHF 9960Hz tone frequency
omnidirectional modulated by a 30 Hz tone
radio range) - A telephone channel
- A 1020Hz keyed tone for 20K9A9WWF
continual Morse identification
𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥 ＝9960
M＝30
D＝480 Hz
Bandwidth: 20940 Hz＝20.94 kHz
Independent 𝐵𝑛 = sum of M for Normally composite systems are
sidebands; several each sideband operated in accordance with
telegraph channels standardized channel arrangements
with error-correction (e.g. Rec. ITU-R F.348).
together with 3 telephone channels and 15 12K0B9WWF
several telephone telegraphy channels require the
channels with bandwidth: 12000 Hz＝12 kHz
privacy; frequency
division multiplex

III. Frequency Modulation

1. Signal with quantized or digital information

Telegraphy without 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK B＝100
error correction 𝐵
M= 2 D＝85 Hz
device. (single (170 Hz shift) 304HF1BBN
K＝1.2
channel) Bandwidth:
(typically)
304 Hz
Telegraphy, 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK B＝100
narrowband direct- 𝐵
M= 2 D＝85 Hz
printing with error (170 Hz shift) 304HF1BCN
K＝1.2
correction (single Bandwidth:
(typically)
channel) 304 Hz
Selective calling 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK B＝100
signal 𝐵
D＝85 Hz
M= 2
(170 Hz shift) 304HF1BCN
K＝1.2
Bandwidth:
(typically)
304 Hz

6
 Description of Necessary bandwidth Designation of
emission Formula Sample calculation emission
Four frequency 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK Spacing between adjacent frequencies
duplex telegraphy B＝modulation rate ＝400 Hz, synchronized channels

(Bd) of the faster B＝100

channel. M＝50
If the channels are D＝600 Hz 1K42F7BDX
synchronized: Bandwidth: 1420 Hz
𝐵
M= 2 ＝1.42 kHz
(otherwise M＝2B)
K＝1.1 (typically)

2. Telephony (commercial quality)

Commercial 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK For an average case of commercial
telephony K＝1 telephony,

(typically, but under D＝5000 Hz

16K0F3EJN
certain conditions a M＝3000
higher value may be Bandwidth:
necessary) 16000 Hz＝16 kHz

3. Sound broadcasting

Sound Broadcasting 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK Monaural

K＝1 D＝75000 Hz

(typically) M＝15000 180KF3EGN

Bandwidth:
180000 Hz＝180 kHz

4. Facsimile

Facsimile by direct 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK N＝1100 elements/sec

frequency 𝑁
D＝400 Hz
M= 2
modulation of the Bandwidth: 1K98F1C--
K＝1.1
carrier; black and 1980 Hz
(typically)
white ＝1.98 kHz
Analogue facsimile 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK N＝1100 elements/sec
𝑁
M= 2 D＝400 Hz

K＝1.1 Bandwidth:
1980 Hz
(typically)
＝1.98 kHz
1K98F3C--

7
 Description of Necessary bandwidth Designation of
emission Formula Sample calculation emission

5. Composite emissions (see table III-B)

Radio-relay system, 𝐵𝑛 ＝2𝑓𝑝 +2DK 60 telephone channels occupying

frequency division K＝1 baseband between 60 kHz and 300
multiplex (typically) kHz;
rms per-channel deviation: 200 kHz;
continuity pilot at 331 kHz produces
100 kHz rms deviation of main carrier.
D＝200x103
3M70F8EJF
x3.76x2.02＝
1.52x106Hz，
𝑓𝑝 ＝0.331x106Hz
Bandwidth:
3.702x106Hz
＝3.702 MHz
Radio-relay system, 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK 960 telephone channels occupying
frequency division K＝1 baseband between 60 kHz and 4028
multiplex (typically) kHz; rms per- channel deviation: 200
kHz; continuity pilot at 4715 kHz
produces 140 kHz rms deviation of
main carrier.
D＝200x103x3.76x5.5＝4.13x106Hz 16M3F8EJF

M＝4.028x106;
𝑓𝑝 ＝4.715x106;
(2M+2DK)＞2𝑓𝑝
Bandwidth: 16.32x106Hz
＝16.32 MHz
Radio relay systems, 𝐵𝑛 ＝2𝑓𝑝 600 telephone channels occupying 17M0F8EJF
frequency division baseband between 60 kHz and 2540
multiplex kHz. rms per- channel deviation: 200
kHz; continuity pilot at 8500 kHz
produces with 140 kHz rms deviation
of main carrier.
D＝200x102x3.76x4.36＝3.28x106
Hz;
M＝2.54x106;
K＝1;
𝑓𝑝 ＝8.5x106Hz;
(2M+2DK)＜2𝑓𝑝
Bandwidth: 17x106Hz
＝17 MHz

8
 Description of Necessary bandwidth Designation of
emission Formula Sample calculation emission
Stereophonic sound 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK Pilot tone systems;
broadcasting with K＝1 M＝75000
multiplexed (typically) D＝75000 Hz 300KF8EHF
telephony sub- Bandwidth:
carrier 300000 Hz＝300 kHz

III-B. Multiplying factors for use in computing D, peak frequency deviation,

in FM frequency division multiplex (FM-FDM) multi-channel
emissions

For FM-FDM systems the necessary bandwidth is:

𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK

The value of D, or peak frequency deviation, in these formulae for 𝐵𝑛 is

calculated by multiplying the rms value of per-channel deviation by the
appropriate “multiplying factor” shown below.

In the case where a continuity pilot of frequency 𝑓𝑝 exists above the

maximum modulation frequency M, the general formula becomes:

𝐵𝑛 ＝2𝑓𝑝 +2DK

In the case where the modulation index of the main carrier produced by the
pilot is less than 0.25, and the rms frequency deviation of the main carrier
produced by the pilot is less than or equal to 70% of the rms value of per-channel
deviation, the general formula becomes either:

𝐵𝑛 ＝2𝑓𝑝 or 𝐵𝑛 ＝2M+2DK

whichever is greater.

1
Multiplying factor
Number of
telephone channels 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝐵 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙
(Peak factor) x 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 ⌈ ⌉
20
𝑁𝑐

(Peak factor) x log1

3<𝑁𝑐 <12 𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝐵 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑢𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑒,𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑢𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦′𝑠 𝑎
⌈
20

2.6+2 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑁𝑐
12≦𝑁𝑐 ＜60 3.76 x 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 ⌈ ⌉
20

1. In the above chart, the multipliers 3.76 and 4.47 correspond to peak factors of 11.5 dB and 13.0 dB,
respectively.
9
 1
Multiplying factor
Number of telephone
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝐵 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙
channels 𝑁𝑐 (Peak factor) x 𝑙𝑜𝑔−1 ⌈ ⌉
20

−1+4 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑁𝑐
60≦𝑁𝑐 <240 3.76 x 𝑙𝑜𝑔−1 ⌈ ⌉
20

−15+10 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑁𝑐
𝑁𝑐 ≧240 3.76 x 𝑙𝑜𝑔−1 ⌈ ⌉
20

1. In the above chart, the multipliers 3.76 correspond to peak factors of 11.5 dB.
Necessary bandwidth
Description of Designation of
emission Formula Sample calculation emission

IV. Pulse modulation

1. Radar

Unmodulated pulse 2𝐾 Primary radar:

𝐵𝑛 =
𝑡
emission range resolution = 150m
K depends upon the
K = 1.5 (triangular pulse when t ≅ tr,
ratio of pulse duration
only components down to 27dB from
to pulse rise time. Its
the strongest are considered)
value usually falls
Then: 3M00P0NAN
between 1 and 10 and in 2𝑥(𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) 2 𝑥 150
t= =
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 3 𝑥 108
many cases it does not
need to exceed 6.
Bandwidth:
3x106 Hz＝3 MHz

2. Composite emissions

Radio-relay system 2𝐾 Pulse position modulated by 36 voice

𝐵𝑛 =
𝑡
channel baseband; pulse width at half
K＝1.6
amplitude = 0.4μs
Bandwidth: 8M00M7EJT
6
8x10 Hz＝8 MHz
(Bandwidth independent of the
number of voice channels)

10