MC

MCV4
4UU
Calcu
C ulus and Vecttors
Grrade 12
2

Lesson 16
MCV4U – Calculus and Vectors Unit 4 – Lesson 16

UNIT 4 – Vectors
¾ demonstrate an understanding of vectors in two-space and three-space by
representing them algebraically and geometrically and by recognizing their
applications;
¾ perform operations on vectors in two-space and three-space, and use the properties
of these operations to solve problems, including those arising from real-world
applications;
¾ distinguish between the geometric representations of a single linear equation or a
system of two linear equations in two-space and three-space, and determine
different geometric configurations of lines and planes in three-space;
¾ represent lines and planes using scalar, vector, and parametric equations, and solve
problems involving distances and intersections.

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 16

Lesso
on 16: Adding Vectors
V
Addition
n of vectorrs

The diaggram below

w shows a point
p A bein
ng translate
ed to point B then from
m that point B to
a point C.
C A single
e displacem
ment from A to C is the same as ppreviously d
described.

Three ve
ectors together forming a triangle
e through ad
ddition is ca
alled the Trriangle Law
w.
C

A B

Trian
ngle Law of Vector Ad
ddition

→ → → →
Let a annd b be anyy two vecto ors arranged head-to-ttail. The su
um or resulttant, a + b , is
→ → G G G
the vector from the tail of a to the head of
o b . Thereefore c = a + b .

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 16

n
Solution

a.
→ →
Arrange the vectors
s in order by
b placing th
he tail of b to the hea
ad of a .

→ →
Then dra
aw a vectorr from the tail of a to the head of b .

→ →
This is vector
v a +b .

b.
→ →
Arrange the vectors
s in order by
b placing th
he tail of a to the hea
ad of b .

→ →
Then dra
aw a vectorr from the tail of b to the head of a .

→ →
This is vector
v b +a .

→ → → →
c. The vectors
v a + b and b + a have the same mag
gnitude and
d direction. So, they are
→ → → →
equa
al vectors. So
S a +b =b +a .

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 16

Solution
n

→ → → → → → → →
a + b + c + d = AB + BC + CD + DE
→ → →
= AC + CD + DEE
→ →
= AD + DE
→
= AE

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 16

Example 3

The diag
gram below
w shows a rectangular prism. Dettermine a vvector equa
al to each sum.

→ → → → →
a. AE + HC b. AD + AE + AB

Solution
n

a.

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 16

→ → → →
The sum
m of a and b is the vec e same tail as a and b and with its head at the
ctor with the
opposite
e vertex of the
t parallelogram.

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 16

Example 4

→ →
Draw u + v .

Solution
n

Supporrt Questi
tion
1. Exprress each sum as a sin
ngle vector.

→ → → → → → →
a. AB + BC C + CD
b. AC D)+ DA
cc. (BC + CD

→ → → → → → → →
d. BC + (CD
D + DA ) e. CA+ AD + DB f. BD + DB

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 16

2. In the
e diagram below,
b ABC
CD and CEF
FG are para
allelogramss. Express each sum as a
single vector.

→ → → → → → → →
a. HG+ HD b. HG + HA FG + FE
c. F D + HG
d. CD

→ →
3. Copy
y each set of a draw u + v .
o vectors and

a. b. cc.

4. Use a diagram to explain how

h each vector
v pressed as a single vector.
sum ccan be exp

→ → → → →
a. AB + BC
C + CD Q + RP
b. PQ

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 16

Key Qu
uestion #16
# (45 marks)
1. Exprress each sum as a sin
ngle vector. (8 marks)

→ → → → → →
a. PT + TQ b. QR + RU
U RV + VS
c. R

→ → → → → → → →
d. PV + VS e. UQ + QW
W + WV W + WQ + Q
f. SW QR

2. In the
e diagram below,
b ΔAB
BC is an equilateral annd D, E, F a
are the midp
points of itss
sidess. Express each sum as a single
e vector. (12
2 marks)

→ → → → → → → →
a. AF + DB b. DE + DB FA + EB
c. F A+ EC
d. DA

→ → → →
e. AF + DE f. EC + FD

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 16

3. The diagram be
elow shows a square-b
based pyra mid. Deterrmine each sum.
(10 marks)
m

→ → → → → → → →
a. KN + NR b. RS + KR MN + MS
c. M M + NK
d. KM

→ → → → →
e. KN + RS f. KR + NM + SK

→ → → → →
4. Copy
y each set of a draw u + v or u + v + w . (10 m
o vectors and marks)

a. b. cc.

d. e.

5. Use a diagram to explain how

h each vector
v pressed as a single vector.
sum ccan be exp
(5 marks)

→ → → → →
a. AB + CA ST + US + V
b. S VU

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 MC
MCV4
4UU
Calcu
C ulus and Vecttors
Grrade 12
2

Lesson 17
MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 17

Lesso
on 17: Subtracting Vecttors
Subtrac
ction of vec
ctors

In arithm
metic, subtra
action is the
e reverse operation
o off addition. When you have a
questionn such as 8 – 2 equals s 6. The nuumber 6 can n be added d to 2 to gett 8.

With this
s understan
nding, the same
s principal is used with subtra
action of ve
ectors.

→ → → →
When su
ubtracting a - b , it is being
b asked
d, what vecttor added to
o b gives tthe sum a .

Vectorr Subtractio
on

→ →
Let a an
nd b be any
y two vectorrs. Either of
o the two m
methods shown below can be use
ed to
→ →
find a - b .

1. Identtify head an
nd tail:
→ → → → → →
Arrange a and b ta hen a - b is the vector from the he
ail to tail. Th ead of b to
o the head o
of a
.

2. Add the
t oppositte:
→ → → → → → → →
a - b is the sum off a and the opposite of
o b . a - b = a +(- b )

Example 1
→ → → →
he vectors u and v , drraw the vec
Given th ctor u - v .

a. b.

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 17

Solution
n

→ →
his one bec
a. For th cause the vectors
v nd v both o
u an originate fro
om the sam
me point then
the id
dentify the head
h and ta
ail method should
s be u
used.

→ →
d of v to the
Head e head of u .

b. For th
his case sin
nce the vec
ctors are co
onsecutive tthe add the
e opposite m
method sho
ould
be ussed.

Example 2
→ →
ABCD is
s a square. Express th ce of AC − B
he differenc BC as a single vectorr.

Solution
n

→ →
AC and
d BC do no
ot have the same tail.

→ → → →
Since BC
B = AD , then BC ca
an be replac
ced with AD
D.

→ → → →
AC − BC
C = AC − AD
D
→
= DC

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 17

Supporrt Questi
tion
1. The diagram be elow shows three cong
gruent equilateral trian
ngles. Exprress each
differrence as a single vector.

→ → → → → → → →
a. BA − BC b. BA − BD CE − AE
c. C d. AE − ED
A

→ →
2. Copy
y each set of a draw u − v .
o vectors and

a. b. cc.

3. ABCD is a recta
angle. Express each vector
v as th
he differencce of two otther vectorss. It
may be possible
e to do this in more tha
an one wayy.

→ → → →
a. BC b. DA c. B
BC d. C
CD

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 17

→ → → → → →
4. TUVW
WXY is a re
egular hexa ermine TU − UV +VW − WX + XY −
agon. Dete −YT

Key Qu
uestion #17
# (34 marks)
1. The diagram be
elow shows two square
es. Expresss each diffe
erence as a single vecctor.
(8 marks)

→ → → → → → → →
a. DB − DE b. BE − BA AC − BD
c. A d. AE − ED
A

→ →
2. Copy
y each set of a draw u − v . (6 marrks)
o vectors and

a. b. cc.

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 17

→ → → →
3. In pa
arallelogram
m EFGH, EF d FG = v . State a single vector e
E = u and equal to each
of the
e following.. (8 marks)

→ → → → → → → →
a. u + v b. u − v c. − u − v d. v − u

→ → → → → →
4. The diagram be elow shows a cube, wh here AB = u , AD = v and AE = w . Determine a
single vector eq
quivalent to each of the
e following.. (12 markss)

→ → → → → → → → → → → →
a. u + v + w b. u + v − w c. u − v + w d. u − v − w

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 MC
MCV4
4UU
Calcu
C ulus and Vecttors
Grrade 12
2

Lesson 18
Scalar Multiplication of Vecttors
MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 18

Lesso
on 18: Sc
calar Mu
ultiplication of V
Vectors
Scalar multiplicat
m ion of vecttors

→ → →
When yo
ou add a to ve a vectorr 2 a in leng th.
o a you hav

→
The vec
ctor a is now
w twice as long
l or in other
o words has been m
multiplied b
by a scalar of 2.

→ →
2( a )=2 a

Scalar Multiplication
n
→ →
Let v be
e any vector and let k be
b a scalarr. Then k v is a vector tthat is Ikl tim
mes as
→
long as v .

→ →
If k > 0, k v has the same direc
ction as v .
→ →
If k < 0, k v has the opposite direction as v .
→ → JJG G
If k = 0, k v is the ze
ero vector v . (i.e. kv = 0 )

Scalar multiplicatio
m n is also distributive.

→ → → →
m( u + v ) = m u + m v

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 18

Example 1

ngle EFGH, X andY arre the midp

In rectan points of EFF and EH reespectively.
→ → → → → →
If EX = u and EY = v , expres
ss each vecctor in term
ms of u and//or v .

→ → → →
a. EF b. HE c. YG d. XG
d

Solution
n

a. b. c. d
d.
→ → →
Y + YG
XG = XY
→ → → → → → →
EF = 2 EX
E HE = −2 EY YG = YH + HG → → → →
= −u+ v + v + 2u
→ → → →
= 2u = −2 v = v + 2u → →
= u+ 2v

Lin
near Combination of V
Vectors
→ → →
If a and b are non-zero, non--collinear ve
ectors, then or OP in the
n any vecto e plane
→ → → →
containin
ng a and b can be exp
pressed as
s a linear co
ombination of a and b .

Example 2

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 18

→ →
ny two non-collinear ve
Draw an ectors u and v . Then
n draw each
h vector on the same
diagram
m.

→ → → → → →
a. w = 2 u + 4 v b. z = −3 u − v

Solution
n

a.
→ →
Draw u and v with a common
n tail, O.
→
Draw the
e line l conttaining u .

→ → →
Locate point
p P on l such that OOP = 2 u . Through
T P,, draw a line o v . Locatte
e parallel to
→ → → →
P = 4 v . Then
point Q on this line such that PQ T w =OOQ .

b.
→ → →
Locate point
p R on l such that OR = −3 u . Through R
R, draw a liine parallel to v . Loccate
→ → → →
R = − v . Then
point Q on this line such that RS T z =O
OS .

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 18

Supporrt Questi
tion
1. The diagram be
elow shows that segme
ent AB and
d EH are pa
arallel. Exp
press each
→
vecto
or as a scallar multiple of u .

→ → → →
a. EF b. EG c. E
EH d. F
FG
→ → → →
e. FH f. FE g. G
GE h. H
HE

→ → → →
2. In rectangle ABCD, E is the midpoint of AB, AE = u , and A
AD = v . Exxpress each
h
→ →
or in terms of u and/orr v .
vecto

→ → →
a. AB b. AC c. C
CE

w a diagram
3. Draw m like the on
ne below. Then
T draw each of the
e following on your
diagrram.

→
1→ → → → → → →
a. 2 u b. − v c. 3 u − 2 v d. 3 u + 2 v e. − u − 3 v
e
2

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 18

Key Qu
uestion #18
# (54 marks)
1. The diagram be
elow shows that segme
ent AB and
d FH are pa
arallel. Express each
→
vecto
or as a scallar multiple of u . (16 marks)
m

→ → → →
a. EF b. EG c. E
EH d. F
FG
→ → → →
e. FH f. FE g. G
GE h. H
HE

→ →
2. Supppose EG =3
3 EF . Draw
w diagrams to support your answ
wers to each
h question.
(5 marks)

c you make about lin

nclusions can
a. What con ne segmentts EG and EF?
b. What con
nclusions can
c you make about pooints E, F, a
and G?

→ →
3. Use the diagram
m below to express ea given vectorrs in terms of OP and OQ
ach of the g
(12 marks)
m

→ → → → → →
a. OR b. OU c. OW
W d. OS e. OA
e f. OY

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 18

→ →
4. Use the diagram
m below to express ea
ach vector a
as a linear ccombination of a and b .
(12 marks)
m

→ → → →
a. OC b. OD c. O
OE d. O
OF

→ →
5. Draw w any two non-collinea
n ar vectors u and v tail to tail. The
en draw each of the
follow
wing on the
e same diaggram. (9 marks)

→ → → → → →
a. 3 u + 2 v b. − 3 u + 4 v c. 2 u − 3 v

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 MC
MCV4
4UU
Calcu
C ulus and Vecttors
Grrade 12
2

Lesson 19
MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 19

Lesso
on 19: Cartesian
n Vectorrs
Cartesia
an vectors
s

The fourr vectors shhown above e have the same

s magn nitude and direction. S
Starting at the
tail, the head of eac
ch vector is
s reached by
b moving rright four un
nits and up two units [4
4. 2].

The squuare brackets distinguish ordered pairs that rrepresent vvectors from
m ordered p
pairs
that reprresent points.

artesian vec
[4, 2] is called a Ca ctor becaus
se it can be plotted on a grid. The numbers 4
and 2 arre called coomponents of the vecto
or [4,2].

→
Each veector [4,2] whose
w tail is
s not at the origin can be translateed to the veector OP
→
whose taail is at the origin. OP P is called th
he position vector for [[4,2]. The head of the
e
→
position vector OP = [4,2] is th he point P(4 4, 2). In, ge
eneral, the components of a posiition
vector are the coorrdinates of itsi head.

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MCV4U – Calculus and Vectors Unit 4 – Lesson 19

Operations on Cartesian Vectors

→ →
If u = [ x1, y1 ] and v = [ x2 , y 2 ], then :

→ →
u + v = ⎡⎣( x1 + x2 ) , ( y1 + y 2 ) ⎤⎦
→ →
u − v = ⎡⎣( x1 − x2 ) , ( y1 − y 2 ) ⎤⎦
→
k u = [kx1, ky1 ]

Example 1

→ → → →
Given u = [ 4, 1] and v = [2, 3] find u + v .

Solution

→ →
u + v = [ 4,1] + [2,3]
= [ 4 + 2,1 + 3]
= [6,4]

Example 2

→ → → →
Given u = [ 4, 1] and v = [2, 3] find u − v .

Solution

→ →
u − v = [ 4,1] − [2,3]
= [ 4 − 2,1 − 3]
= [2,−2]

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MCV4U – Calculus and Vectors Unit 4 – Lesson 19

Example 3

→ →
Given u = [ 4, 1] find 2 u .

Solution

→
2 v = 2[4,1]
= [2(4),2(1)]
= [8,2]

Example 4

→ → → →
Given u = [ 4, 1] and v = [2, 3] determine 3 u + 2v .

Solution

→ →
3 u + 2 v = 3[4, 1] + 2[2, 3]
= [12, 3] + [4, 6]
= [16, 9]

Example 5

Segment AB has endpoints A(-2, 3) and B( 4, 7).

→
a. Find the components of the vector AB .

→
b. Graph both AB and its corresponding position vector.

→
c. Determine AB .

Solution

a. Plot the points A and B.

→
B is 6 units to the right of A and up 4. Thus, AB = [6, 4]

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 19

→ →
b. Name
N the co
orrespondin
ng position vector u . Draw u witth its tail at the origin a
and
→
its head at (6
6, 4). u = [6,
[ 4] is the correspond
ding positio
on vector. (ssee graph
previous pag ge).

c. Use
U the Pyth
hagorean Theorem.
T

→
AB = ( 6) 2 + ( 4) 2

= 50
=5 2

The Vec
ctor with Given
G Head
d and Tail

→
If A( x1, y 1 ) and B( x 2 , y 2 ) are any
a two poin nts, the com mponents oof the vectors AB are
found by y subtractin ng the coord dinates of itts tail, A, fro
om those o
of its head, B
B.

→
AB = [ x 2 − x1, y 2 − y 1 ]

To deterrmine the magnitude

m of
o this vecto
or, use the Pythagorea
an Theorem
m.

→
AB = (x 2 − x1 )2 − (y 2 − y 1 )2

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MCV4U – Calculus and Vectors Unit 4 – Lesson 19

Example 6

→ → →
Given the vectors u = [3, 1] and v = [1, 2], express vector w = [-3, 8] as a linear
→ →
combination of u and v .

Solution

→ → →
Let w = s u + t v for some real numbers s and t.

[ −3,8] = s [3, −1] + t [1,2]

= [3s, −1s ] + [t ,2t ]
= [3s + t , −s + 2t ]

Since these vectors are equal then the components are equal

3s + t = −3 c
−s + 2t = 8 d
Solve the system of equations

3s + t = −3
−s + 2t = 8

−6s − 2t = 6 cx–2
−s + 2t = 8 d
−7s = 14 c+d
s = −2

Substitute s =2
3s + t = −3
3( −2) + t = −3
−6 + t = −3
t =3

→ → →
Therefore w = −2 u + 3 v .

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 19

Supporrt Questi
tion
1. Reprresent each
h vector as an ordered
d pair.

→ →
2. The coordinatess of the hea
ad and tail of
o vector AAB are give
en. Represe ent AB as an
→
ordered pair, an
nd graph booth AB and d its corresp
ponding po
osition vecto
or.

a. A(5, -2), B(3, -4) b. A(-1

1, 3), B(2, 5
5) c. A(-3, -2), B(7, -4)

→
3. The vector
v v = [5,−1] has a tail X and a head Y. Graph eacch point X, and determ
mine
the coordinates
c of Y.

a. X(-3, -2) b. X(1, 3) cc. X(7, -4)

→ →
4. Pointt A(4, -2) ha
as the head or v and determine the
d of vector v . Graph each vecto e
coord
dinates of its tail.

→ → →
a. v = [2,−7] b. v = [ −1,−3] c. v = [10,−4]

→
5. Let u = [ −2, 1] .

ne each vec
a. Determin ctor.

→ → → →
i. 2 u ii. 5 u iii. -3 u iv. - u

b. Graph the vectors in

n part a.

ne the length of the vec

c. Determin ctors in parrt a.

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 19

Key Qu
uestion #19
# (58 marks)
1. Reprresent each
h vector as an ordered
d pair.
(5 marks).

→ →
2. The coordinatess of the hea
ad and tail of
o vector AAB are give
en. Represe ent AB as an
→
ordered pair, an
nd graph booth AB and d its corresp
ponding po
osition vecto
or. (6 markks)

a. A(0, 5), B(-2,

B -1) b. A(-3
3, 4), B(-2, 3) c. A(2, 1), B
B(-4, -1)

→
3. The vector
v v = [ −6,−2] has
s a tail X an
nd a head Y
Y. Graph each point X
X, and
deterrmine the coordinates
c of Y. (6 ma
arks)

a. X(8, 5) b. X(-2
2, -1) cc. X(-4, 3)

→ →
4. Pointt A(5, -3) ha
as the head d of vector v . Graph each vecto
or v and determine the
e
coord
dinates of its tail. (9 marks)
m

→ → →
a. v = [6, − 2] b. v = [−3, 1] cc. v = [ −4, − 1]

→
5. Let u = [3, 2] . (8
8 marks)

a. Determin
ne each vec
ctor.

→ → → →
i. 2 u ii. 3 u iii. 5 u iv. -4 u

b. Graph the vectors in

n part a.

ne the length of the vec

c. Determin ctors in parrt a.

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MCV4U – Calculus and Vectors Unit 4 – Lesson 19

6. A quadrilateral has vertices A(4, 1), B(10, 3), C(6, 5) and D(0, 3). (10 marks)

→ → → →
a. Determine AB , BC , CD and DA .

b. Determine the magnitudes of the vectors in part a.

c. What kind of quadrilateral is it? Explain.

→ →
7. If u = [5, 3] and v = [2, − 4] , determine: (9 marks)

→ → → → → →
a. u + 3 v b. 2u− 4 v c. − 3u+ 5 v

→ → →
8. Given the vectors u = [3, 0] and v = [−1, 2] , express vector w = [2, 8] as a linear
→ →
combination of u and v . (5 marks)

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 MC
MCV4
4UU
Calcu
C ulus and Vecttors
Grrade 12
2

Lesson 20
The Dot
D Prod
duct
MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 20

Lesso
on 20: Th
he Dot Product
P
Dot product

The dot product is the productt of the mag

gnitudes off the two ve
ectors and tthe cosine o
of
the angle between them. The erefore, the dot producct of two vectors is a sscalar NOT a
vector. It is a real number.
n

Definition of the
e Dot Prod
duct

→ →
Suppose
e a and b are
a two non
n-zero vecto
ors arrange n angle θ ,
ed tail to tail forming an
→ →
where 0° ≤ θ ≤ 180° . The dot product, a • b , is defiined as:

Example 1

e dot produc
Find the ct of the two
o vectors given below.

Solution
n

→ →
a • b = ( 4)(3)Cos 45
5°
≈ 8.49

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 20

Dot Product off Cartesian

n Vectors

→ → → →
If a[a1, a2 ] and b = [b1,b2 ], then
n a • b = a1b1 + a2 b2

The dot product of two Cartes

sian vectors
s is the sum
m of the products of the
eir
onding com
correspo mponents.

Example 2

e dot produc
Find the ct of the two n vectors given below.
o Cartesian

Solution
n

→ →
[ 1] • [2, 3]
a • b = [4,
= (4)(2)
( +(1)(3
3)
= 11
1

The
T Angle between
b Tw
wo Vectors
s
→ →
Let a an
nd b be any
y two non-z an angle θ.
zero vectors forming a

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 20

Example 3

e DEF has vertices

Triangle v D(--2, 6), E(1, 2) and F(5,, 4). Calculate ∠DEF .

Solution
n

→
EF = [5 − 1, 4 − 2]
= [ 4,, 2]

→
ED = [ −2 − 1, 6 − 2]
= [ −3, 4]

→ →
EF • ED
Cos E = → →
EF ED

[4,2] • [ −3,4]
=
4 + 22 ( −3)2 + 42
2

(4)( −3) + (2)(4)

(
=
20 25
2
−2
=
5 5
≈ −0.179
∠E ≈ 100°

∴ ∠DEF ≈ 100°

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 20

Supporrt Questtion
e the angle between th
1. State he two vecttors.

a. b. cc.

ot product of
2. Calculate the do o each pair of vectorss.

a. b. c.

3. Calculate the do o each pair of vectorss.

ot product of

→ → → →
a. a = [ 4, 5],
] b = [3, 1] b. a = [−3, 2], b = [ −1, 5]

→ → → →
c. a = [2, 3],
] b = [ −4, − 3] d. a = [−2, 6], b = [5, − 3]

ngle betwee
4. Calculate the an en the give
en vectors.

→ → → →
a. a = [ 4, 5],
] b = [3, 1] b. a = [−3, 2], b = [ −1, 5]

→ → → →
c. a = [2, 3],
] b = [ −4, − 3] d. a = [−2, 6], b = [5, − 3]

ngles in ΔABC
5. Calculate the an A with ve 1, 0), B(-2,1), C(1, 4))
ertices A(-1

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Uniit 4 – Lesso
on 20

Key Qu
uestion #20
# (51 marks)
e the angle between th
1. State he two vecttors. (3 marrks)

a. b. cc.

2. Calculate the do o each pair of vectorss. (6 marks))

ot product of

a. b. cc.

ot product of
3. Calculate the do o each pair of vectorss. (8 marks))

→ → → →
a. a = [3, 4],
] b = [ −2, 6] b. a = [6, 2], b = [3, 1]
→ → → →
c. a = [ −2, − 1], b = [5, − 7] d. a = [−1, − 7], b = [ 2, − 3]

ngle betwee
4. Calculate the an en the give
en vectors. ((12 marks)

→ → → →
a. a = [3, 4],
] b = [ −2, 6] b. a = [6, 2], b = [3, 3]
→ → → →
c. a = [ −2, − 1], b = [5, − 7] d. a = [−1, − 7], b = [ 2, − 3]

ngles in ΔABC
5. Calculate the an A with ve
ertices A(-1
1, 0), B(-2,1), C(1, 4)). (12 markss)

6. Grapph the 2 quaadrilaterals with their respective

r vvertices andd then usin
ng vectors sshow
that only
o one off the quadrilaterals is a rectangle.. (10 markss)

drilateral AB
Quad BCD: A(-4,, 2), B(5, 5)), C(6, 2), D(-3, -1)
Quad
drilateral WXYZ:
W W(-33, 5), X(9, 1), Y(7, -6),, Y(-5, -2)

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 MC
MCV4
4UU
Calcu
C ulus and Vecttors
Grrade 12
2

Unit 4
Supp
port Qu
uestion
n Answ
wers
MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors S
Support Qu
uestion Answers

Lesson
n 16
→ → → → → →
1. a. AB + BC = AC b. AC + CD
D = AD

⎛→ →⎞ → → → → ⎛→ →⎞ → →
⎜ BC + CD ⎟ + DA = BD + DA BC + ⎜ C BC + CA
CD + DA ⎟ = B
c. ⎝ ⎠ d. ⎝ ⎠
→ →
= BA =BBA

→ → → → → → →
e. CA+ AD
A + DB = CB
C f. BD + DB
B=0

→ → → → → →
2. a. HG + HD = HC b. HG + HA
A = HB

→ → → →
→ → → G = CD + DC
CD + HG C
c. FG+ FE = FC d.
→
=0

3. a. b. c.

4. a. Answ ut will for a quadrilaterral with vecttor from point A to point D.

wers vary bu

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors S
Support Qu
uestion Answers

b.

Lesson
n 17
→ → → →
1. a. CA b. DA c. C
CA d. C
CE

2. a. b. c.

→ → → → → → → →
3. a. EC − EB b. EA − ED EC − EB
c. E ED − EC
d. E

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors S
Support Qu
uestion Answers

4. a. → → → → → → → → → → →
TU − UV
U +VW − WX Y = −TV +VW − WX + XY − YT
W + XY − YT
→ → → →
= −TW − WX + XY − YT
→ → →
= TX + XY
X − YT
→ →
= TY − YT
Y
→
= −TT
→
=0
Lesson
n 18
→ → → →
1. a. u b. 2u c. 3 u d. u

→ → → →
e. 2 u f. − u g. − 2 u h. − 3 u

→ → → → →
2. a. 2 u b. 2 u + v c. − v − u

3. a.

b.

c.

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors S uestion Answers
Support Qu

d.

e.

Lesson
n 19
→ → →
1. a. AB = [6,3] D = [−1,4]
b. CD cc. EF = [ 4,−5]
→ →
d. GH = [ 4,−2] e. IJ = [−3,5]

2. a. A(5, -2), B(3,

B -4)

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors Support Qu
uestion Answers

b. A(-1, 3), B(2, 5)

c. A(2, -3), B(7,

B -4)

3. a. Y(2, -3)

b. Y(6, 2)

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors S
Support Qu
uestion Answers

c. Y(12, -5)

4. a. (4, -2) – (2
2, -7) = (2, 5)

b. (4, -2) – (--1, -3) = (5,, 1)

c. (4, -2) – (1
10, -4) = (-6
6, 2)

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors S
Support Qu
uestion Answers

5. a. i & b. 2[-2
2, 1] = [-4, 2]
2

a. ii & b. 5[-2
2, 1] = [-10, 5]

a. iii & b. -3[-2, 1] = [6, -3]

2, 1] = [2, -1
a. iv & b. -[-2 1]

c. i c. ii
→ →
2u = ( −4)2 + (2)2 5 u = ( −10
0)2 + (5)2

= 20 = 125
=2 5 =5 5

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MCV4U – Calculus
s and Vecto
ors S
Support Qu
uestion Answers

C.
C iii c. iv
→
−3 u = (6)2 + ( −3)2
→
− u = (2)2 + ( −1)2
= 45
=3 5 = 5

Lesson
n 20

1. a. 30°

b. 120°

c. 50°

2. a. ( 2)(3)Cos 40 = 4.6 b. os100 = −10 .9

(7 )(9 )Co

c. (3.5 )((6 )Cos 90 = 0

→ →
3. a. a = [4, 5], b = [3, 1]
3)+(5)(1)
=(4)(3
=17

→ →
b. a = [−
−3, 2], b = [−1, 5]
=(-3)((-1)+(2)(5)
=13

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MCV4U – Calculus and Vectors Support Question Answers

→ →
c. a = [2, 3], b = [ −4, − 3]
=(2)(-4)+(3)(-3)
= -17

→ →
d. a = [ −2, 6], b = [5, − 3]
=(-2)(5)+(6)(-3)
= -28

→ →
4 a. a = [ 4, 5], b = [3, 1]

[4,5] • [3,1]
CosX =
4 + 52 32 + 1
2

(4)(3) + (5)(1)
=
41 10
17
=
41 10
≈ 0.840
X = Cos −1 (0.840)
= 33°

→ →
b. a = [ −3, 2], b = [ −1, 5]

[ −3,2] • [ −1,5]
CosX =
( −3)2 + 22 ( −1)2 + 52
( −3)( −1) + (2)(5)
=
13 26
13
=
13 26
≈ 0.707
X = Cos −1 (0.707)
= 45°

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MCV4U – Calculus and Vectors Support Question Answers

→ →
c. a = [2, 3], b = [ −4, − 3]

[2,3] • [ −4, −3]

CosX =
(2) + 32 ( −4)2 + ( −3)2
2

(2)( −4) + (3)( −3)

=
13 25
−17
=
13 25
≈ −0.943
X = Cos −1 ( −0.943)
= 161°

→ →
d. a = [ −2, 6], b = [5, − 3]

[ −2,6] • [5, −3]

CosX =
( −2)2 + 62 (5)2 + ( −3)2
( −2)(5) + (6)( −3)
=
40 34
−28
=
40 34
≈ −0.759
X = Cos −1 ( −0.759)
= 139°

5.
→
AB = [ −2 − ( −1),1 − 0]
= [ −1,1]

→
BC = [1 − ( −2),4 − 1]
= [3,3]

→
CA = [ −1 − 1,0 − 4]
= [ −2, −4 ]

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MCV4U – Calculus and Vectors Support Question Answers

∠B

JJJG JJJG
BC = [3,3] BA = [1, −1]

JJJG JJJG
BC • BA
cos B = JJJG JJJG
BC BA

=
[3,3] • [1, −1]
32 + 32 12 − ( −1)
2
∠C
( 3 )(1) + ( 3 )( −1)
= JJJG JJJG
18 2 CB = [ −3, −3] CA = [ −2, −4]
0
cos B =
2 18 JJJG JJJG
CB • CA
=0 cos B = JJJG JJJG
CB CA
∠B = cos−1 ( 0 )
∠B = 90° =
[ −3, −3] • [ −2, −4]
( −3 ) + ( −3 ) ( −2 ) − ( −4 )
2 2 2 2

( −3 )( −3 ) + ( −2)( −4 )
=
∠A 18 20
6 + 12
=
JJJG JJJG 18 20
AB = [ −1,1] AC = [ 2,4]
18
cos C =
JJJG JJJG 18 20
AB • AC ⎛ 18 ⎞
cos A = JJJG JJJG ∠C = cos−1 ⎜
AB AC ⎟
⎝ 18 20 ⎠

=
[2,4] • [ −1,1] ∠C = 18°

( −2 ) + ( −4 ) ( −1 ) − (1)
2 2 2 2

−2 + 4
=
20 2
2
cos A =
20 2
⎛ 2 ⎞
∠A = cos−1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 20 2 ⎠
∠A ≅ 72°

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