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Assignment 1 - Process Control & Instrumentation 2022 Final

This document outlines an assignment on process control and instrumentation. Students are asked to: 1) Derive dynamic mass balances and linearize rate equations for concentrations in a CSTR. 2) Derive dynamic mass balances for biomass and substrate concentrations in a fermenter. 3) Derive an expression for the rate of change of pressure in a surge drum and linearize it. 4) Derive a dynamic expression for change in liquid level in a conical storage vessel and linearize it.

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Charlie Dowling
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84 views

Assignment 1 - Process Control & Instrumentation 2022 Final

This document outlines an assignment on process control and instrumentation. Students are asked to: 1) Derive dynamic mass balances and linearize rate equations for concentrations in a CSTR. 2) Derive dynamic mass balances for biomass and substrate concentrations in a fermenter. 3) Derive an expression for the rate of change of pressure in a surge drum and linearize it. 4) Derive a dynamic expression for change in liquid level in a conical storage vessel and linearize it.

Uploaded by

Charlie Dowling
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEM ENG 3031/7056: PROCESS CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION

Assignment 1 – Model Development


Due: 6:00pm Friday 12 August 2022

Complete the following questions and submit your solutions online via MyUni. Each submission must be
attached with an assignment cover sheet completed with names and signatures of all contributing team
members.

1. Consider isothermal chemical reactions occurring in a CSTR represented by the scheme presented
below:

Where k1 and k2 are the respective rate constants.


• The feed flowrate (F) may be considered constant, and the feed only contains A (CAi).
• The density of all process streams and reactor contents remains constant ().
• The reaction volume remains constant.
a) Derive a dynamic mass balance for the concentration of component A.
b) Linearise the component mass balance for the concentration of component A.
c) Present the linearised balance in terms of deviation variables considering the influence of
changes in the inlet concentration of component A.
d) Present a linearised balance in terms of deviation variables if both the initial concentration of
component A (CAi) and the feed flowrate (F) are subject to change.

2. Biomass is to be cultivated in a fixed volume fermenter analogous to a continuous stirrer tank


reactor (CSTR). The kinetics of growth are well represented by the widely used Monod model
presented below:
where  is the specific growth rate, S is substrate (nutrient) concentration
KS and max are both constant

The rate of cell growth per unit volume = X, where X is the biomass concentration. A yield factor
(Y) is used to relate the cell growth to substrate consumption and may be considered constant.
Y = X / (S0 – S) where S0 is the initial concentration of substrate in the reactor feed
• The reaction volume remains constant.
a) Derive a dynamic mass balance for the rate of change of biomass concentration in the reactor.
b) Derive a dynamic mass balance for the rate of change of substrate concentration in the reactor.
c) Linearise the dynamic mass balance for the rate of substrate consumption.
d) Present a linearised balance of substrate concentration in terms of deviation variables if the initial
substrate concentration is subject to change.

Question 3 follows

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3. Consider the surge drum depicted below where qi is the molar gas flow entering the tank, q is the
molar flow of gas leaving the tank and P is the (gas) pressure in the tank.

a) Derive an expression for the rate of change of pressure within the tank. The tank may be
considered rigid with fixed volume V, and ideal gas behaviour may be assumed.
b) Modify the expression derived in part (a) above if the outlet molar flow of gas is proportional to
the difference between the tank pressure P, and the surrounding atmospheric pressure Patm.
(P > Patm may be assumed).
c) Derive an expression for the rate of change of pressure within the tank assuming non-ideal gas
behaviour described by the equation of state presented below. Outflow may be assumed
proportional to tank pressure.
Where is the molar specific volume and b is an empirical constant.
Isothermal conditions may be assumed.

d) Linearise the expression developed in part (c) above.


e) Present the linearised expression developed in part (d) in terms of deviation variables subject to
variation in the flow of gas entering the tank.

4. A liquid storage vessel takes the form of an inverted cone as shown below, where the tank level
varies non-linearly with height. The liquid both entering and leaving the tank is of constant density.

Vessel volume where h is the liquid level in the vessel,

and r is the radius is of the exposed liquid surface.

• The volumetric flowrate leaving the tank (F) is considered proportional to liquid level h.

a) Derive a dynamic expression for the change in liquid level within the storage vessel.
b) Linearise the expression found in part (a) above. [Hint: you will need to express r in terms of h]
c) Present the linearised expression in terms of deviation variables subject to potential variation in
the flowrate entering the vessel.

End of Assignment

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