Revisio Date Description Changed by Approved by

19th
I. Created Well Planning package. Kevin Gray (IP
1.0 April
II. Modified for Fishing course 22/11/2021 Holder)
2018

The Copyright of this presentation remains the property of Black Reiver Consulting Limited

© BRCL 2018
 Advanced Drilling
Complex well and ERD Planning

Facilitador: Kevin Gray

Complex Well & ERD Planning: Overview, System Approach
Where
do I
start?

Fluid Design
Survey Design

Completion Casing Design

Design Directional Operational
Profile Practices
Geomechanics

Cement Formation
Design Evaluation

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Overview, Sequence

Initial
Feasibility and Offset Data Geomechanics Casing Fluids Drill String and
Directional
definition Collection study Design design BHA design
Profile

Redesign ‘roadblocks’
ECD, Hole Cleaning, Torque and Drag, Shock and Vibration, Well Stability

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Define the Challenge
Without defining the magnitude of the challenge the correct level of recourses and time cannot be justified by the
management team
Many ERD projects build in failure before they start by assuming the project is ‘Incremental’
Feasibility and
definition Questions to be answered:

• How does the project compare to industry worldwide experience?

• How does the project compare to area or regional experience?
• How does the project compare to company experience?
• How does the project compare to field experience?
• How does the project compare to team experience?
• How does the project compare to rig experience?

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Define the Challenge
• Put in place the organizational structure and planning schedule
Feasibility and
definition • Don’t be afraid to call in the experts:

• Maintenance of the core personnel within the team needs to be

actively managed as part of the planning process.

• This includes key vendor, and contractor personnel.

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Define the Challenge
• Definition of the project allows the right level of management
Feasibility and commitment, they control the money (and your career)
definition

• Supply chain needs to be controlled, ‘Value rather than Cost’

• Consider the competence of the software systems and models.

• - Avoid wherever possible the ‘Black Box’ platform solution

• Team Integration, build a connected team, now is the time to do it

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Offset Data Collection & Analysis

Offset Data
Collection • Identify the best selection of offset wells
• Get a ‘four dimensional’ offset well analysis
• Understand the limitations to offset well selection
• Understand the importance of reporting
• Understand the time limitation in offset well analysis

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Offset Data Well Selection

Offset Data
Collection

Offset wells

Planned well

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Offset Data ‘The Forth Dimension’

Offset Data
Collection

Offset wells last 5 years

Offset wells older than 20 years

Planned well

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Offset Data Spatial Significance

Offset Data
Collection

Offset wells- No Losses

Offset wells- Total Losses

Planned well A

Planned well B

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Offset Data Reality

Offset Data
Collection

Robust offset analysis takes time

Offset wells and commitment
Offset wells, paper records
Offset wells, other company
Offset wells, No records
Offset wells, obsolete storage media or software

Planned well

© BRCL 2018
 Complex Well & ERD Planning: Offset Data Visual Presentation

Offset Data
Collection

Source: Visual Explanations, Edward R.

Tufte, PhD, Graphics Press, Cheshire,
Connecticut, 1997 (revised 2002)

Lessons in data presentation often come from disaster like Human factors learning

© BRCL 2018
 Complex Well & ERD Planning: Offset Data Visual Presentation

Offset Data
Collection

Source: Visual Explanations, Edward R.

Tufte, PhD, Graphics Press, Cheshire,
Connecticut, 1997 (revised 2002)

Tables of data are always a poor way to communicate to human beings

Would you launch?

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Offset Data Visual Presentation

Offset Data
Damage caused in
Collection
previous launches

Would you launch now?

Todays Launch
Temperature
© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Offset Data Analysis

Offset Data Beware Subjectivity

Collection
Assumption:
All data is available & correct
Is this a good assumption?
Why could data be wrong?

Beware Poor Data

Garbage in
Offset review Garbage Out

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Geomechanics

Geomechanics
study

Do NOT Proceed without a Geomechanics

study,
it underlies the ENTIRE basis of design
© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Casing Design
The basic assumptions of casing design have changed. Plan
between Collapse gradient and Fracture Gradient for setting depths,
Casing
Design
NOT Pore pressure and Fracture Gradient.

• Tubular and connection design will need to meet the additional loads created by high
drags in longer wells.
• Beware selecting higher tensile strength materials in corrosive environments
• Casing verses liners will have a significant impact on ECD, swab&surge and hole
cleaning
• Beware higher weight casings will have impact on torque and drag
• In ERD wells in hard rock casing wear may become significant due to high revs on
casing
• Basic question is will this casing run to bottom?

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Fluids Design
The basic assumptions of the ‘Mud Weight Window’ have changed.
Plan between Collapse gradient and Fracture Gradient for mud
Fluids
design
weight, NOT Pore pressure and Fracture Gradient.

• Primary consideration still maintenance of overbalance to formation

• Mud weight should be selected for stability (often higher than PP alone)
• Fluid rheology has to balance requirements of hole cleaning and ECD
• Mud lubricity becomes a significant factor for ERD wells
• Skin damage in reservoir is a higher risk in ERD wells consider ‘drill in’ strategy

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Directional Design
• Target sizes becomes critical as longer wells have higher cumulative
uncertainties
Initial
Directional
• Surveying Strategy defined and additional higher level survey corrections
Profile are defined
• Pre-drilling magnetic in field surveying may be required to refine
positional errors
• Geosteering and geo-placement may be required to refine well position
• Sensitivity of the torque and drag to the profile will be established
(caution S-shaped wells)
• Limits on tortuosity to be refined
• Planned and maximum Dogleg to be defined

© BRCL 2018
 Complex Well & ERD Planning: Drill String & BHA Design
• Drillpipe size and nature of connections critical to hydraulic design and achieving
adequate flowrates to clean hole
Drill String and
BHA design • Drillstring design constrained by torque and drag, hole cleaning and ECD
• Steering choice based on ability to clean hole and quality of the well bore not just
daily rental costs
• Consideration of Junk slot area of all tools to minimise likelihood of packing off and
stuck pipe
• Bit selection based on balance of minimising tripping rather than just ROP alone
• Formation evaluation tools chosen based on drilling engineering needs not just
petrophysics
• Inclusion of Annular pressure measurement and Shock and Vibration sensors as a
minimum
© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Other Considerations
• Lower and upper completion type and design
• Ability to run completions to bottom with sufficient margin to set
Other packers (Buckling)
• Reservoir drill in fluid and formation damage due to high
overbalance
• Ability to place adequate cement for adequate zonal isolation
• Ability to undertake well intervention operations
• Considerations for abandonment
• Considerations for relief wells on long open hole sections

© BRCL 2018
Bit and BHA Selection
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Key Drivers

Without correctly identifying

the Key Drivers we cannot
make a competent Bit and
BHA selection

© BRCL 2018
 Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Key Drivers

In straight vertical
low cost solutions In the high angle sections of the
and high ROP’s are well Hole cleaning, steerability,
key drivers tortuosity control, torque and
drag management are key

In the inclined sections of the well

Hole cleaning, steerability and
tortuosity control are key

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Key Drivers

• Hole cleaning – Can the assembly rotate at adequate RPM to clean the wellbore?
• Hole cleaning – Can we circulate with adequate flow through the assembly?
• Tortuosity – Does the assembly create un-necessary curvature within the wellbore?
• Drag - Does the assembly have a low enough drag to prevent buckling in the string
• Bypass – is there sufficient annular space round the tools to allow adequate cutting flow?
• Hydraulics – Is there sufficient hydraulic power for good bit cleaning or motor operation?
• Steerability – can the assembly be easily steered without affecting performance?
• Run length – will the assembly be durable and drill sufficient distance without a trip?
• Value – is the assembly good value for money? (not is it cheap)
• Does the bit and BHA choice drill a clean cylindrical well bore free of rugosity?

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Hole Cleaning

• Ability to Flow at an adequate rate for adequate

annular velocities against drill pipe
• Ability to rotate at an adequate RPM to clean the
high angle sections
• Sliding the assembly will have zero hole cleaning
• Balance of Hole cleaning to ECD BHA plays a role in
this
• Cuttings creation, size and shape
• Cutting cleaning from bottom hole – bit Hydraulics

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Tortuosity
• Incorrect BHA design and selection will lead to tortuosity in the well bore
• The 90ft (30m) Survey intervals that we use will not show higher frequency
tortuosity associated with poor rotary design of assembly
• Matching Rotary tendency to the profile of the section is critical to all BHA’s
• Use Drag and Torque measurements to help understand magnitude
• High frequency or ‘rotational’ surveying while drilling should always be used.
• Not just a issue with motors, be careful of ‘closed loop’ automatic steering
on rotary steerable tools
• Whirl type vibrations of bit or BHA can create high frequency tortuosity and
rugosity

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Drag and Torque

• Managing buckling in the string becomes critical

• Impact of running a Jar, hammer weight and Accelerator combination think very
hard about what you are doing with Jars
• Overall BHA weight is critical beware of G&G requests for long formation
evaluation tool strings
• Consider the contact points in BHA roller reamers are very effective for torque
and shock&vibration control but be careful of flow by area
• Bigger OD collars have higher stiffness as well as weigh but can reduce shock
and vibration.

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Rotary Design

• Full range of rotary speeds available (within Directional drillers control)

• True ‘minimum curvature’ curve
• Largest flow by area for BHA annular clearances
• Lowest internal pressure drops
• Works in HPHT environments
• Cheap
• Reliable
………….but needs experience in field to use alone
But principles underlie all BHA design

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Motor Assemblies
• Minimise the Bend
• Minimise the Bend
• Minimise the Bend ☺
• Wellbore gauge and profile are adversely effected by motor use
• Can be difficult to effectively slide in high angle sections without additional tools and
compromising the bit choice also additional exposure to differential sticking
• For power, stall resistance and reduced stator chunking failures new ‘thin wall’ stators
should be used
• Most vendors will allow higher RPM’s with negotiation (For a price)
• Mud Motors hide some of the early signs of packing off
• This steerable tool is responsible for more stuck pipe than any other single cause
• Must be part of a competently designed rotary BHA design
• Location of slide in the stand has a significant impact on TVD uncertainty

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Rotary Steerables

• Not an excuse to drill faster than the hole can be cleaned, but many many clients do this
• Tend to drill a curve that is closer to minimum curvature
• Continually rotating drillstring helps improve hole cleaning, but beware designs with ‘motor
assisted’ rotary steeing may limit overall string RPM
• Most tools drill within 1/8” of true gauge
• Increasingly used from ‘spud to TD’ to manage drag
• Beware the ‘automatic tangent control’ modes on some tools
• Steering ability adversely affected by high levels of torsional vibration seen in long drill strings
• Some tools have small flow by areas so hole cleaning prior to tripping needs to be to a higher
level to have trouble free trips

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Bit Selection
• Don’t focus on ROP performance where hole cleaning is key driver
• Depth of Cut (DOC) limitation on inner 1/3rd of bit reduces torsional vibration and
improves stability
• Long gauge bits with tapered gauge profiles considerable improve the quality of
the well and help reduce shock and vibration and wellbore rugosity. Don’t run
short gauge bits (they don’t actually help RST’s)
• Choose smaller blade number and premium cutters over more blades and
smaller cutters
• Model the bit performance in FEA with BHA, well profile, geology and mud
system parameters
• Never run active gauge bits
• Roller cone bits are only a viable option in large hole sizes and an increasingly
small number of very hard rock situations
• Remember bit Hydraulics, particularly in shale have a considerable impact on
ROP
© BRCL 2018
 Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Jar Selection
• Jar alone or Jar and Accelerator
• Beware ‘dual’ Jar ‘solutions’
• Remember Jars will be in compression in ERD wells not tension
• Management of ‘back to bottom’ practices becomes critical
• Will the Jar actually do what you want it to do at the depth of operation
• Do you actually want the driller to be able to use the jar at all given the two most likely stuck pipe
mechanisms
• Most Jars returned to workshop as ‘Failed’ have no fault – training of rig crew and rig supervisors
is vital.

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Stabilisation

• Beware sleeve stabilizers

• Consider roller reamers where contact friction drives shock and vibration but
beware flowby area and Revs limits
• Adjustable gauge stabilizers can function as 2D RST in HPHT wells
• Do not consider clamp on types of stabilizers
• Spiral should not be closed spiral as prone to packing off in tripping situations
• New CFD designed blades available for ECD management but beware flow by
areas

© BRCL 2018
Complex Well & ERD Planning: Bit & BHA Environmental

• Collar and drillpipe steels are prone to environmental attack from both corrosion
and erosion, both need to be managed.
• Presence of H2S and/or chlorides limits the strength of steels used for drill string
• Corrosive and erosive environments love our Non Magnetic steels
• Inspection of all components of ERD BHA’s is critical because of the high cost
and low probabilities of success fishing in high angle wells

© BRCL 2018