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Cable

1. The document discusses different types of cables used in local area networks (LANs) including twisted pair, serial, and console cables. 2. It explains the differences between straight-through and crossover cables and when each is used based on whether the connected devices are in the same or different groups. 3. The summary provides an overview of LAN components, standards, and how switches build and use MAC address tables to selectively forward frames to destination devices.

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50 views34 pages

Cable

1. The document discusses different types of cables used in local area networks (LANs) including twisted pair, serial, and console cables. 2. It explains the differences between straight-through and crossover cables and when each is used based on whether the connected devices are in the same or different groups. 3. The summary provides an overview of LAN components, standards, and how switches build and use MAC address tables to selectively forward frames to destination devices.

Uploaded by

Hoa Tống
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cable

1
Network Interface Card (NIC)

2
Ethernet media standards

3
Connector and Port

RJ45  LC Connector
Connector

SFP
(module quang)

SFP port

RJ45 port 4
Twisted Pair Cable

5
Standard

6
Straight‐through vs Crossover

A A A B
B B
1 1 1  1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
7
Why Straight‐through vs Crossover ?

8
Straight‐through vs Crossover

Group 1 Group 2

• Same group ‐> Crossover

• Different group ‐> Straight‐through

9
Serial Cable

Serial Cable Serial Cable

10
Console Cable

11
Local Area Network and Ethernet

12
What is a LAN?

13
Size of a LAN

Small Office Home Office (SOHO)

Enterprise Network

14
Components of a LAN

End‐points:
• PC
• Laptop
• Server
Interconnections:
• Network Interface Card (NIC)
• Media (cables)
Network devices:
• Hub
• Switch
• Router
Protocols:
• Ethernet
• IP
• ARP
• DHCP
15
Example of SOHO Network

16
Example of Enterprise Network

17
LAN’s functions

• Provide connectivity for all devices in a local network
• Provide path to other network

18
Standards

19
CSMA/CD

20
Ethernet Frame

21
MAC Address

22
ARP

23
ARP – IP to MAC resolution

24
Switch Overview

25
Hub vs Switch

When a PC sends send a frame to another PC, Hub broadcasts it to all pots 
(except the incoming port)

HUB

26
Hub vs Switch

When a PC sends send a frame to another PC, switch send it to destination only 
(based on destination MAC)

SWITCH

27
Characteristics of a Switch

• Operate at Layer 2
• Forward, filter, flood frames based on MAC address table entries
• Have many full‐duplex ports to segment a large LAN into many smaller segments
• Fast and support various port speeds
• High port density
• Large frame buffers
• Fast internal switching
• Low per‐port cost

28
Switch Operation

Switching Techniques:
• Cut‐through
• Store‐and‐forward
• Fragment‐free

MAC Address Table (CAM)
• Switch forwards frames based on CAM 
Port MAC Address
table
1 aaaa.aaaa.aaaa • If destination address doesn’t exist in 
2 bbbb.bbbb.bbbb CAM table, switch will FLOOD it to all 
ports (except receiving port)
3 cccc.cccc.cccc
29
Switch Operation – How to build CAM?

30
Switch Operation – How to build CAM?

31
Switch Operation – How to build CAM?

32
Summary

• The most popular cable used in LAN is Twisted Pair cable
• There 2 types of implementing cable:
• Straight‐through 
• Crossover
• Group 1: switch, hub. 
• Group 2:  router, PC, server
• Devices in the same group are connected using Straight‐through cable
• Devices in the different group are connected using Crossover cable
• Serial cable is used for WAN (leased line)
• Console cable is used to configure devices

33
Summary

• LAN is a private network of an SOHO or an enterprise
• A LAN comprises end‐points, interconnections, network devices and protocols
• The most popular standard in LAN is Ethernet
• CSMA/CD allow multiple devices to shared a common media and provide a 
algorithm to detect collision
• Format of an Ethernet Frame:
• Source/Destination MAC address
• Ether Type
• Payload
• FCS
• Switch can forwards, filters, floods frames based on MAC address table entries 
while hub can only floods frames
• MAC address table is built based on source MAC address when receiving a frame34

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