measurement AND geometry

4 The bottom part of the Area of curved section of cone = πrl

silo is the curved section where r = 2, l = 3.
of a cone. Find its area. Area of curved section of cone = π × 2 × 3
(Note that in the formula = 18.85 m2
TSAcone = πr2 + πrl, the
curved part is given
by πrl.)

5 Find the total surface area TSA = 12.28 + 100.53 + 18.85

of the silo by finding the = 131.66 m2
sum of the surface areas
calculated above.
6 Write the answer in words. The area of metal required is 132 m2, correct to
the nearest square metre.
b To find the total cost, multiply b Cost = 132 × $12.50
the total surface area of the = $1650.00
silo by the cost of the anti-rust
material per m2 ($12.50).

Exercise 6.3 Total surface area

INDIVIDUAL PATHWAYS
REFLECTION ⬛ Practise ⬛ consolidate ⬛ master
Why is calculating the total Questions: Questions: Questions:
surface area of a composite 1–4, 6a–e, 7, 10, 12 1–4, 6, 7, 9–12, 15, 18 1–8, 10–18
solid more difficult than for
a simple solid such as a ⬛ ⬛ ⬛ Individual pathway interactivity  int-4594 
rectangular prism or cylinder?

FLUENCY
Note: Where appropriate, give the answers correct to 1 decimal place.
1 Find the total surface areas of the solids shown.

a b c 12 cm d 2m

15 cm 1.5 m

20 cm 3m
doc-5238
10 cm 8 cm

2   WE3  Find the total surface area of the solids shown below.
a r=3m b 21 cm c 0.5 m d
12 cm
r 30 cm 2.1 m

244  Maths Quest 10 + 10A

 measurement AND geometry

3   WE4  Find the total surface area of the cones below.

a b 8 cm

20 cm
12 cm
14 cm

4   WE5  Find the total surface area of the solids below.

a b
12 cm 2.5 m

15 cm 1.5 m

c 9.1 cm d
m
8c 14 cm
6 cm
10 cm
5.1 cm 7.2 cm
7 cm

5 Find the surface areas of the following.

a A cube of side length 1.5 m
b A rectangular prism 6 m × 4 m × 2.1 m
c A cylinder of radius 30 cm and height 45 cm, open at one end
d A sphere of radius 28 mm
e An open cone of radius 4 cm and slant height 10 cm
f A square pyramid of base length 20 cm and slant edge 30 cm
6   WE6  Find the total surface area of the objects shown.

a 8 cm b
10 cm
5 cm
12 cm
5 cm

20 cm 20 cm

35 cm
12 cm

c d

2 cm
m
5 cm 2.5 c
3 cm

3 cm

Topic 6 • Surface area and volume  245

measurement AND geometry

e f 5 cm

3.5 cm
20 cm

10 cm
12 cm

15 cm
2
7   MC  A cube has a total surface area of 384 cm . The length of the edge of the cube is:
A 9 cm B 8 cm C 7 cm
D 6 cm E 5 cm

UNDERSTANDING
8 Open cones are made from nets cut from a large sheet of paper 1.2 m × 1.0 m.
If a cone has a radius of 6 cm and a slant height of 10 cm, how many cones
can be made from the sheet? (Assume there is 5% wastage of paper.)
9 A steel girder is to be painted. Calculate the area of the surface to be painted.

2 cm

2 cm
5 cm
20 cm
120 cm

2 cm
12 cm

10   WE7  The greenhouse shown below is to be built using shade cloth. It has a ­wooden
door of dimensions 1.2 m × 0.5 m.
a Find the total area of shade cloth needed to
complete the greenhouse.
b Find the cost of the shade cloth at $6.50 per m2.

2.5 m 5m

3m

11 A cylinder is joined to a hemisphere to make a cake holder, as shown below. The

surface of the cake holder is to be chromed at 5.5 cents per cm2.
a Find the total surface area to be chromed.
b Find the cost of chroming the cake holder.
10 cm
15 cm

246  Maths Quest 10 + 10A

 measurement AND geometry

12 A soccer ball is made up of a number of hexagons sewn together 2 cm

on its surface. Each hexagon can be considered to have dimensions
as shown in the diagram. y
x
a Calculate θ°.
b Calculate the values of x and y exactly.
c Calculate the area of the trapezium in the diagram.
θ
d Hence, determine the area of the hexagon.
e If the total surface area of the soccer ball is 192 !3 cm2,
how many hexagons are on the surface of the soccer ball?
3 a Determine the exact total surface area of a sphere with radius !2 metres.
1
An inverted cone with side length 4 metres is placed on top of the sphere so that the
centre of its base is 0.5 metres above the centre of the sphere.
b Find the radius of the cone exactly.
c Find the area of the curved surface of the cone exactly.
d What are the exact dimensions of a box that could precisely fit the cone connected
to the sphere?
REASONING
Complete the following question without the aid of a calculator.
14 The table shown below is to be varnished (including the base of each leg). The ­table
top has a thickness of 180 mm and the cross-sectional dimension of the legs is 50 mm
by 50 mm.
80 cm
60 cm

70 cm

A friend completes the calculation as shown. Assume there are no ­simple ­calculating
errors. Analyse the working presented and justify if the TSA ­calculated is correct.

Table top (inc. leg bases) 0.96 2 × (0.8 × 0.6)

Legs 0.416 16 × (0.52 × 0.05)
Table top edging 0.504 0.18 × (2(0.8 + 0.6))
TSA 1.88 m2

15 A shower recess with dimensions 1500 mm (back wall) by 900 mm (side wall) needs
to have the back and two side walls tiled to a height of 2 m.
a Calculate the area to be tiled in m2.
b Justify that 180 tiles (including those that need to be cut) of dimension 20 cm by
20 cm will be required. Disregard the grout and assume that once a tile is cut, only
one piece of the tile can be used.
c Evaluate the cheapest option of tiling; $1.50/tile or $39.50/box, where a box covers
1 m2, or tiles of dimension 30 cm by 30 cm costing $3.50/tile.

Topic 6 • Surface area and volume  247

measurement AND geometry

16 If the surface area of a sphere to that of a cylinder is in the ratio 4 : 3 and the sphere
has a radius of 3a, show that if the radius of the cylinder is equal to its height, then the
3 !3a
radius of the ­cylinder is .
2
PROBLEM SOLVING
Frustum of a cone
17 A frustum of a cone is a cone with the top V
sliced off (see the drawing on the right). x θ x
A B
When the curved side is ‘opened up’, it t s s
creates a shape, ABYX, as shown in the s s 2πt
diagram. X Y
r
a Write an expression for the arc length 2πr
XY in terms of the angle θ. Write
another expression for the arc length AB in terms of the same angle θ. Show that, in
2π(r − t)
radians, θ = .
s st
b i Using the above formula for θ, show that x = .
(r − t)
ii Use similar triangles to confirm this formula.
c Determine the area of sectors AVB and XVY and hence determine the area of ABYX.
Add the areas of the 2 circles to the area of ABYX to determine the TSA of a frustum.
18 Tina is re-covering a footstool in the shape of a cylinder with diameter 50 cm and
height 30 cm. She also intends to cover the base of the cushion.

She has 1 m2 of fabric to make this footstool. When calculating the area of fabric
required, allow an extra 20% of the total surface area to cater for seams and pattern
doc-5242
placings. Explain whether Tina has enough material to cover the footstool.

6.4 Volume
•• The volume of a 3-dimensional object is the amount of space it takes up.
•• The volume is measured in units of mm3, cm3 and m3.
Volume of a prism
•• The volume of any solid with a uniform cross-sectional area is given by the formula:
V = AH, where A is the cross-sectional (or base) area and H is the height of the solid.
Cube Volume = AH
= area of a square × height
l
int-1150 = l2 × l
= l3

248  Maths Quest 10 + 10A