Republic of the Philippines

CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY

BURIAS CAMPUS
Burias, Mambusao, Capiz

BACHELOR OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

ED 105
FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

Name: FRANCIS N. SINGSON Course/Year: BPED-3

Course Facilitator: Prof: Lady May Celo Date: ______________

MODULE 1:
METACOGNITION

ASSESSMENT

1. Assess on how you can apply metacognition to improve your study skills
and in doing your outputs.

ANSWER: Metacognition is the process of thinking about one’s own thinking and
learning. It involves knowing when to know, knowing when we don’t know, and knowing
what to do when we don’t know. Simply means, it involves self-monitoring and correcting
our own learning processes. For example, engaging metacognition in our Study and doing
outputs is really an effective way when we notice that we are having some trouble on
learning because metacognition involves knowing ourselves as a learner; knowing our
strengths and weaknesses as a learner. In creating the best outlook for our outputs our
strengths and weaknesses are essential because it provides us an understanding about putting
ourselves to the best of our capacity to be more successful in our academic writing, or exam
taking, or other types of academic tasks, which we are metacognitively aware. Metacognition
find as a useful tool in improving our study skills and making outputs because through the
acquired knowledge we have about cognitive knowledge we can use this to control all the
things we wanted as we engage in things that can improve our skills as an individual. Having
this metacognition as a student we are much aware in all the aspects that is beneficial about
on how we study effectively either in morning or evening in any place or any time since we
have the idea on what is the effective way to maintain focus and concentrate well as we
understand the better way of what we have chosen to secure our learning process. Also,
through metacognition we have enough knowledge about the nature of the task just like
creating outputs since it is important that we need to have a better content compared to the
designs metacognition will help in accomplishing the needs which really needed in the task
we have. Learning metacognition give us the overview about what we should prefer in order
to improve our thinking and learning into something that is important in any aspects. Just like
what I’ve said above, metacognition lead us to develop strategy which involves well defined
awareness and using what we have learned in evaluating the strategy needed in any task we
are doing. When we are metacognitively aware we are able to think and think more about the
possible strategies and try out another one which can create a valuable concepts in terms of
our study skills and creating outputs which is presentable, organized and have a desirable
content that meet the expectations of our teachers. Metacognitive processes can be applied to
learning and thinking in all disciplines and contexts. It is an essential skill for life-long
learning as a student and as a future educator.

2. Make a list of other teaching strategies that develop metacognition in

students.
ANSWER: Every teacher can implement metacognitive strategies to assist students to
become self-regulating learners and to develop a strong sense of awareness in their learning.
Metacognitive strategies empower students to think about their own thinking. This awareness
of the learning process enhances their control over their own learning. It also enhances
personal capacity for self-regulation and managing one's own motivation for learning.

The following are the list of other teaching strategies that develop metacognition in
students:

 Have student learns about what things help him or her to remember facts, names, and
events.
 Have student learns about his or her own style of learning.
 Have students use their syllabus as a roadmap in order for them to familiarize the
learning objectives about their course and topics that will be discussed.
 Have students to organize their thoughts because creating concept map from memory
is also a great study strategy because it is a form of self-testing.
 Have student learns about which strategies are most effective for solving problems.
 Have students ask themselves a questions or self-reflected questions.
  Help students to take notes from memory the topics that they are reading.
 Have students Know the limits of his/her own memory for a particular task and
creating a means of external support.
 Have students assess self-monitoring in learning strategy, such as concept mapping,
and then adapting the strategy if it isn’t effective.
 Have students Noticed whether they comprehend something or they just read and then
modifying approach if they did not comprehend it.
 Have students test themselves to have a clear understanding of what they do and don’t
know.
 Teach students to take a break or timeout to release them from stress before they
continue doing school works.
 Have students choose to skim subheadings of unimportant information to get to the
information they need.
 Teach students about repeatedly rehearsing a skill in order to gain proficiency.
 Have student s periodically doing self-tests to see how well they earned something.
 Teach students how their brains are wired for growth.
 Facilitate reflexive thinking.
 Give students practice recognizing what they don't understand.
 Provide opportunities to reflect on coursework.
 Have students keep learning journals.
 Use a "wrapper" to increase students' monitoring skills.
 Explaining essay vs. multiple choice exams.
 Assess students with the use of KWL strategy

3. If you were the teacher, and you wanted to test your students on this topic, what
would you ask? Give one open-minded discussion question and two multiple-choice type
of question with answer.

 Why do you think metacognition important in learning process?

ANSWER: Using metacognition, the students gain an understanding of the situations,

processes and methods that work best for them. They can discover a technique that works on
learning process. Through the process of trial and error, students succeed in some methods
and fail in others before trying again. Metacognition particularly assists students with
additional educational needs in understanding learning tasks, in self-organizing and in
regulating their own learning. It allows them to become aware of their own thinking and to
become proficient in choosing appropriate thinking strategies for different learning tasks.
Metacognition helps individual students develop self-awareness skills that become important
as they get older. People who have developed metacognition are able to assess their thought
processes and reframe the way they think to adapt to new situations in terms of learning.

 It is your awareness of memory strategies that work best for you.

A. Metacognition B. Meta-attention C. Meta-memory D. Metacognitive knowledge

 Refers to acquired knowledge about cognitive processes, knowledge that can be

used to control cognitive processes.

A. Meta-memory B. Metacognition C. Metacognitive Knowledge D. Meta-attention

 MODULE 2 –
APPLICATION AND ASSESSMENT
LEARNER –
CENTERED 1. Identify learning situations and describe how you
would apply each of the learning principles learned in this lesson.

ANSWER: The learning situations which I think I can apply each of the learner-centered
principles learned in this lesson where based on the reality which describes on which child
learners first enter the school, they don't have any knowledge in terms of learning. In this
process, teachers are the one who are responsible in fulfilling the empty minds of every
learner. Learning in schools emphasizes the use of intentional process that learner can use to
construct meaningful information, experiences, and their own thoughts and beliefs by
construction of knowledge, creating goals as a goal-directed to pursue personal relevant
goals, planning and creating strategic thinking, providing context learning and forming
thinking about thinking throughout the stage of critical thinking to attain success. Successful
learners are active, goal-directed, self-regulated and assume personal responsibility for
contributing to their own learning process. Educators play a vital role in learner’s
development that builds wider connections in both parties. They are the one who assist
learners in creating meaningful learning goals that are consistent with both personal and
educational aspirations through their drive and interest. The teacher’s goal in the learning
process is to guide students into making new interpretations of the learning material, thereby
'experiencing' content. Learner-centered principle is one way where the complete Learning
experiences are focused on the learners. For example, the subject medium used by teachers
need to be very user-friendly, so that learners can navigate the subject without any difficulty.
Since each learner-centered principle is important in all stages of learning process, learners
are able to access easily the content of their choices, and skip the sections they are not
interested in. Likewise, when learners find the subject matter relevant to their challenges and
learning needs, it simply understood that those principles are already applied as effective tool
in teaching and learning process. For teaching approach, the subject should include real life
examples that learners can relate to. It addresses all the essential needs of learners, ensuring
learners get a personalized and convenient learning experience and emphasizes the relevance
of engagement, which greatly influences learners’ interest levels. When this learner-centered
principles is applied in development of every child learners through the help of teachers who
facilitate learning, the settings that allow the learners for social interactions, and respects
diversity, encourage flexible thinking and social competence are meet to secure each
principles play it's role throughout the process. Learning can be enhanced when every learner
has a wide opportunity to interact with others on instructional tasks which teachers provide
motivational things that encourages learners to perform in active way. Learners will develop
and perform well in certain areas of development when they totally understand their capacity
and abilities in the field they are interested on. When learners perceive that their individual
differences in abilities, backgrounds, cultures, and experiences are valued, respected, and
accommodated in learning task and contexts, levels of motivation and achievement are
enhanced. Educators need to help and examine the learning preferences and expand or
modify so that, learners can develop and improve their abilities based on the guidelines
provided by learner-centered psychological principles.

2. If you were the teacher, and you wanted to test your students in this topic, what
would you ask? Give one open-ended discussion question and two multiple-choice types
of questions with answers.

 What do you think makes these learner-centered principles important?

ANSWER: The learner-centered principles are important the way that teachers and learners
build connection about the appropriate learning process. Learner-centered principles is
essential because it empowers the students to take ownership of what they learn by focusing
on how the new knowledge being used by them to solve a problem to come up better and
good solutions. Instead of simply pouring information over the learner’s mind, the facilitator
presents the student with knowledge with issue and guides to the class as they build a
solution. And it creates opportunities for students to teach each other, answer their peer’s
questions, and present the results of their works with encouragement and motivation from
their teachers. Learner-centered principles uses interactive strategies which students need to
engage and develop their abilities. This learning process helps students develop skills such as
decision making and problem solving, team work, and presentation skills that are relevant to
the current needs. Learner-centered principles helps the students develop skills that will better
equipped for the professional careers. Teachers can be trained learner’s well, so they can
apply the principles and provide every learner’s with a better learning experience.

 Learners need to be goal-directed and must generate and pursue personal

relevant goals. What learner-centered principles is this?

A. Nature of the learning process C. Construction of knowledge

B. Context of learning D. Goals of the learning process

 The learned principles that belongs to individual differences factors that learners
have different strategies, approaches, and capabilities for learning that are a
function of prior experience and heredity.

A. Individual differences in learning C. Learning and diversity

B. Standard and assessment D. Social influences on learning

MODULE 3 – FOCUS
ON THE LEARNER
ACTIVITY

Who said what? Kindly choose the correct answer.

E 1. “Through others, we become ourselves.” The teacher must adopt the role of facilitator
not content provider.”

B 2. “Healthy children will not fear life if their elders have integrity enough not to fear
death.”

D 3. “Right action tends to be defined in terms of general individual rights and standards
that have been critically examined and agreed upon by the whole society.”

C 4. “The principal goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women
who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done;
men and women who are creative, inventive and discoverers, who can be critical and verify,
and not accept, everything they are offered.

A 5. “The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water.”

F 6. “We as a nation need to be re-educated about the necessary and sufficient conditions
for making human beings human. We need to be re-educated not as parents – but as workers,
neighbours, and friends; and as members of the organizations, committees, board – and
especially, the informal networks that control our social institutions and thereby determine
the conditions of life for our families and their children.”

Analysis
 Challenge your stock knowledge! Write what you remember most about the ideas of
the following theorists:

 Freud’s Components of the Personality and Psycho-Sexual Stages of

Development 
- Freud's components of the personality. The id must be controlled in order to satisfy social
demands; this sets up a conflict between frustrated wishes and social norms. The ego and
superego develop in order to exercise this control and direct the need for gratification into
socially acceptable channels. Gratification centers in different areas of the body at different
stages of growth, making the conflict at each stage psychosexual. He proposed that
personality development in childhood takes place during five psychosexual stages, which are
the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. During each stage sexual energy (libido) is
expressed in different ways and through different parts of the body. These are called
psychosexual stages because each stage represents the fixation of libido (roughly translated as
sexual drives or instincts) on a different area of the body. As a person grows physically
certain areas of their body become important as sources of potential frustration (erogenous
zones), pleasure or both.

 Erickson Psychosocial Stages of Development

- Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages
of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood. During each stage, "Trust vs.
Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs.
Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation and, Ego Integrity
vs. Despair", the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or
negative outcome for personality development.

 Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development 

- Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four
different stages of intellectual development which reflect the increasing sophistication of
learner's thought. Each learner goes through the stages in the same order, and learners’
development is determined by biological maturation and interaction with the environment. At
each stage of development, the learners thinking is qualitatively different from the other
stages, that is, each stage involves a different type of intelligence starts from Sensorimotor
period, pre-operational period, concrete operational period and lastly, the formal operational
period.

 Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

- Kohlberg's theory includes three levels of moral development, with each level split into two
stages. Kohlberg suggested that people move through these stages in a fixed order, and that
moral understanding is linked to cognitive development. The three levels of moral reasoning
include preconvention, conventional, and post conventional.

 Vygotsky’s Soeio-Cultural Theory

- Vygotsky's sociocultural theory asserts that learning is an essentially social process in which
the support of parents, caregivers, peers and the wider society and culture plays a crucial role
in the development of higher psychological functions. And also, Vygotsky's sociocultural
theory views human development as a socially mediated process in which children acquire
their cultural values, beliefs, and problem-solving strategies through collaborative dialogues
with more knowledgeable members of society. Vygotsky's theory is comprised of concepts
such as culture-specific tools, private speech, and the Zone of Proximal Development.

 Bronfenbrenner’s Bio-Ecological Theory

- Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory views child development as a complex system
of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment, from immediate
settings of family and school to broad cultural values, laws, and customs. Bronfenbrenner
divided the person's environment into five different systems: the microsystem, the
mesosystem, the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem.

APPLICATION and ASSESSMENT

1. Identify one concept from the theories reviewed and describe how this can be applied
to teaching.

THEORY/CONCEPT APPLICATION
Piaget's theory assess the teaching
Piaget's cognitive development and learning where teachers play a
role involved providing appropriate
theory learning experiences and materials
that stimulate students to advance
their thinking.

This theory has influenced concepts

of individual and student-centered
learning, formative assessment, active
learning, discovery learning, and peer
interaction. Teachers uses assessment
practices aims to find out what
students already know and can do in
order to inform subsequent teaching
are important for teaching to be
timely and relevant to each student’s
current capacity for structuring and
restructuring knowledge.

Teachers use assessment to

understand students’ prior experience
and understanding and how they
personally construct a topic or subject
in their minds. And also, Cognitive
development provides learner's with
the means of paying attention to
thinking about the world around them
inside or outside the classroom
through the help of teachers. Through
providing great cognitive
development, learners are able to
acquire and gain skills about Logic
and reasoning, Memory and working
memory, Attention, Control,
Flexibility, ability to adapt,
Evaluation and analyzing skills
ability to make comparisons, Explore
and understand cause and effect and
Critical thinking in higher level
 thinking.

2. If you were the teacher, and you wanted to test your students on this topic, what
would you ask? Give one open – ended discussion question and two multiple – choice
type of question with answers.
▪ Why theories of development important in teaching and learning process?

ANSWER: Theories of development is important in teaching and learning process because

it develop a sense of mastery and industry for providing opportunities to all learners about
formal school age to acquire the basic skills and competencies. Child development theories
focus on explaining how children change and grow over the course of childhood. Such
theories center on various aspects of development including social, emotional, and cognitive
growth because Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about human
growth and learning.

▪ Who is the theorist of Cognitive Stages of Development

A. Freud B. Vygotsky C. Bronfenbrenner D. Piaget

▪ According to this theorist "The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of
its bulk above water."

A. Freud B. Bronfenbrenner C. Kohlberg D. Vygotsky

 Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
BURIAS CAMPUS
Burias, Mambusao, Capiz

BACHELOR OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

MODULE 1,2,3
IN
ED 105
FACILITATING LEARNER-
CENTERED TEACHING

Prof. Lady May B. Celo

Course Facilitator
Francis N. Singson
BPED III